河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共22页。试卷主要包含了B．In 1878，D．In 2011等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读理解
At the South African nature preserve where Miya Warrington and colleagues study Cape ground squirrels, the maximum daily temperature has increased by about 2.5℃ in just 18 years. The animals have found some ways to tolerate the region’s extreme heat, says Warrington, a conservation ecologist at the University of Manitoba.
Sprawling(趴)flat on the ground in a pose called splooting, for example, helps the animals remove heat from their less furry undersides. The squirrels also take shade under their bushy tails, which they curl above their heads like tiny umbrella. When it’s really hot, they return to their burrows(窝)to cool off. But Warrington wans that, even with all these options for keeping cool, “still they could be at the limits of their tolerance” due to such a rapid climactic shift.
That intense pressure could be why their bodies have begun to change shape, Warrington says. She found that, over the course of just under two decades, the squirrels’ already incredibly large hind(后边的)feet, which may help dissipate heat, have grown relative to their body sizes by about 11 percent. Meanwhile, their spine lengths have become about 6 percent shorter.
And the Cape ground squirrel isn’t the only animal that appears to be shape-shifting in response to climate change. As scientists accumulate more evidence that many species bodies are undergoing different changes over a relatively short period of time, it remains unclear whether their adaptations can keep ahead of rising temperatures—and how close they may be to a breaking point.
Youngflesh, another ecologist who is not involved in the study, sought to determine whether bird body sizes shrank temporally as climate change has driven hotter weather in areas throughout North America, “The scale of their project is large,” he says, adding that to record this change in so many species over such a short period “really suggests that there is something global affecting all these birds—and climate change is what makes sense”.
1．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Absorb. B．Reduce. C．Boost. D．Produce.
2．What are scientists certain about?
A．The specific functions of the squirrel’s hind feet.
B．The squirrel’s adaptations to the rising temperatures.
C．How the bird in North America responds to extreme heat.
D．Many species change their body shape in a brief period of time.
3．What is Youngflesh’s attitude to Warrington’s study?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Worried.
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．Living Habits of Cape Ground Squirrels
B．Negative Effects of Climate Change on Animals
C．Animals Are Shape-Shifting in Response to a Warming World
D．High Temperatures Are Approaching the Limits of Animals’ Tolerance

These days, if you hear about the birth of an Olivia or a Liam, you might feel sympathy—the poor child has been cursed (诅咒) with the most popular name of their time and might be at risk of sharing it with a kindergarten classmate. “The name Mary for instance, was the most popular girls name from 1880 to 1961.” said Laura Wattenberg, the founder of the naming-trends site Namerology.
In the past 60 or so years, American parents’ approach to naming their kids has undergone a deep shift. Today, many parents seek out less popular names to help their kids stand out. But in the past, parents typically picked common names, consciously or not, so that their kids would fit in.
In 1880, the percentage of babies who got a top-10 most popular name was in the neighborhood of 32 percent, according to Wattenberg’s calculations. In 1950, it was about 28 percent. And in 2020, it had fallen to an all-time low of 7 percent. “We are deep in an era of naming individuality, where parents assume that having a name sound distinctive and unique is a virtue,” Wattenberg said.
There came a turn toward novelty and distinctiveness in the 1960s. It was driven by many broader shifts in daily life. As family sizes shrunk and kids stopped doing labor, Americans “started to focus on the uniqueness of each child,” as the sociologist Philip Cohen has written, and “individuality emerged as a project—starting with naming of creating an identity.”
Another crucial change is that in the 1960s, parents started gaining access to data on baby naming trends, according to Evans, a professor in Bellevue University. Books informed parents which names were popular—and, by extension, which overexposed names they might want to avoid. As this information became more widely available, Evans argues, parents felt more social pressure not to pick the same name as everyone else for fear of not following the latest fashions.
5．Which of the following was the most welcome as a girl’s name from 1880 to 1961?
A．Olivia. B．Liam.
C．Laura. D．Mary.
6．Why did parents typically pick common names for their kids?
A．To help their kids stand out.
B．To help their kids develop a virtue.
C．To help their kids integrate with others.
D．To keep names in circulation for a long time.
7．What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A．The uniqueness of each child. B．The reasons for baby-naming shift.
C．Enormous shifts in American society. D．The importance of creating an identity.
8．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A column in a newspaper. B．A review of a bestseller.
C．A story in a magazine. D．A chapter of a science book.

There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor, despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(虚假的)TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a “false reality”, despite millions of genuine reviews. He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so “The Shed at Dulwich” was born. Butler created a web page with a menu based on emotions and attractive photographs of dishes. He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address, calling it an “appointment- only restaurant”, to avoid being attacked by fact—checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May, starting out as the 18,149th-ranked restaurant in the city: dead last. Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. “Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit,” one wrote. “After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in.” Soon the customers started calling. “We’re fully booked,” Butler told the would-be diners. However, the restaurant’s reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings. Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on Google to send free samples to Butler, expecting to work with him. In November, Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick. The story has been praised as an incredible feat(事迹). However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
9．What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor?
A．It is a reliable information source.
B．It creates a false sense of reality.
C．It has too many genuine reviews.
D．It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
10．How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant?
A．By offering discounts and special deals.
B．By sending free samples to customers.
C．By getting a specific location on google.
D．By flooding the site with fake reviews.
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Butler earned people’s trust.
B．False information can be disastrous.
C．Online information is threatening our safety.
D．Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
12．What message does the story convey?
A．No investigation, no right to speak.
B．Well began is half done.
C．Honesty is the best policy.
D．God helps those who help themselves.

Tammy Ruggles always wanted to be a photographer. In her First Person Vox narrative, she writes, “I’d always loved taking pictures. Ever since I was a little girl, taking photos of my family and pets with the Kodak camera has been my favorite hobby.”
But like her driver’s license and social work career, Ruggles accepted that photography was something she would have to give up due to Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disease that worsens the retinas (视网膜) over time. Ruggles is legally blind, only capable of making out unclear shapes. How could she practice an art form that is only dependent on vision, if she had none?
That’s when Ruggles heard of point and-shoot digital cameras which didn’t necessitate a dark room, exact precision, or changing manual (手动) settings. Ruggles went to her backyard, pressing the shutter at shapes as an experiment. After transferring the images to black and white on her 47-inch monitor (she sees best in contrast), she noticed little things she had never seen even prior to losing her vision—blueberries in some brush, wild pumpkins at the edge of the woods, individual leaves on a tree. And with that her camera became her eyes, capturing things she herself couldn’t see and had never seen.
Ruggles now considers her vision problem a plus to her photography. Unlike most photographers who visualize what they want their photo to look like, Ruggles approaches her art with zero preconceived (预想的) ideas about what she hopes to capture. With her loss of vision, Ruggles gained another pair of eyes—ones that can see the hidden beauty of the world around her.
13．What do we know about Ruggles?
A．She was born blind.
B．She is fond of photography.
C．She has got her driver’s license.
D．She’s still taking pictures with the Kodak camera.
14．Which of the following can best describe Ruggles?
A．Brave and ambitious. B．Confident and optimistic.
C．Generous and gifted. D．Helpful and sincere.
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Ruggles will give up shooting due to her loss of vision.
B．Ruggles imagines the photos in her mind before shooting.
C．Ruggles views her vision issue as a strength to her photography.
D．Ruggles has achieved great success because she can see the hidden beauty.
16．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A．To call on people to protect eyes.
B．To help people be a good photographer.
C．To promote point-and shoot digital cameras
D．To praise the photographer’s bravery and perseverance.

Volunteer on a Disaster Action Team
Most of the 60,000 emergencies that the Red Cross responds to each year are local, personal disasters like home fires. They may not make the news, but we know they are just as devastating (破坏性) to the families affected. So join us to answer the call when your neighbors need help.
Trained and available, Disaster Action Team volunteers are ready to respond to these emergencies, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. From offering a shoulder to cry on to meeting any immediate needs for shelter or supplies, to connecting people with long term recovery services, our volunteers ensure that families don’t have to face tough times alone.
Many disaster action team volunteers share these life experiences and skills:
·Team-spirited
·Availability and flexibility for at least 4—6 hours per week
·Tender-hearted
·Disaster response experience
·Have a command of two languages
·Can remain calm and patient during stressful situations
Disaster Action Team volunteers help local families cope with emergencies.
Home fires and other disasters can occur any time, any place. As a Disaster Action Team volunteer, you’ll provide emotional support, financial assistance, and information to help families begin the process of recovery. After your initial training, your shifts will include responding to emergencies within 2 hours, night or day, rain or shine, either on the scene or acting remotely to provide immediate care. With experience and further training you can take on leadership to have a wider impact.
Note: the volunteer positions available to you will vary depending on your location and the needs of your local community.
17．What is the duty of a Disaster Action Team volunteer?
A．Train residents on safety awareness.
B．Give permanent support to the victims.
C．Find out safety problems in the community.
D．Help people deal with emergency at any time.
18．What is required of a Disaster Action Team volunteer?
A．The ability to stay cool. B．Outdoor survival skills.
C．Oversea learning experience. D．Serving 4—6 hours monthly.
19．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To teach people how to keen safe.
B．To call on pole to be volunteers.
C．To inform volunteers to take action.
D．To introduce an activity of the Red Cross.

Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology: Alberta, Canada
The first museum for dinosaurs in Canada, Royal Tyrrell is open seven days a week in order for visitors to experience their amazing collection of specimens (标本). Standouts of their collection include the skeleton (骨架) of a new armored dinosaur, Borealopelta markmitchelli, which was discovered in 2011 and was the oldest dinosaur found in Alberta to date.
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science: Brussels, Belgium
Founded in 1846, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science has the largest Dinosaur Gallery in Europe, devoted to displaying dinosaur fossils (化石) and information about them. In 1878, there were 38 nearly complete Iguanodon skeletons found in a coal mine in Belgium, of which the museum acquired 30.
Natural History Museum: Paris, France
The Natural History Museum has 14 sites around France, with 4 situated in Paris. The museum is the third-largest collection of specimens in the world, with about 62 million in reserve. There are many dinosaurs and prehistoric animals to be found here.
Zigong Dinosaur Museum: Zigong, China
Opened in 1987, Zigong Dinosaur Museum is unique from many of the other destinations on this list, as it is situated upon a site where dinosaur fossils were found. The mild climate in Zigong has made it a gold mine for dinosaur-related discoveries!
Spread out over three floors, the museum covers around 710,000 square feet and contains a number of exhibits devoted to the Jurassic period, which occurred around 205 million to 135 million years ago. There were 100-plus specimens discovered at the Zigong site alone, and thirty of them were complete (or nearly complete) skeletons!
20．Which museum will you visit to see Borealopelta markmitchelli?
A．Natural History Museum. B．Zigong Dinosaur Museum.
C．Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology. D．Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science.
21．When was the museum with the largest Dinosaur Gallery in Europe founded?
A．In 1846. B．In 1878.
C．In 1987. D．In 2011.
22．What is special about Zigong Dinosaur Museum?
A．It is open seven days a week.
B．It houses about 135 million specimens.
C．It has many prehistoric animals fossils there.
D．It is located at a site where dinosaur fossils were discovered.

When an emergency happens in the wilderness, quick thinking can often mean the difference between life and death.
After accidentally sliding down the face of a steep rock wall, two tourists who recently found themselves stranded (困住) by the edge of a deep pool at the base of a thundering waterfall in British Columbia’s Golden Ears Provincial Park knew they were in a serious situation. Fortunately for them, five Sikh hikers who happened to be on the scene and witnessed their trouble used not only their heads but also their hats—or more specifically, their turbans (包头巾)—to organize a pretty amazing rescue.
After taking stock of the situation, and with no cell phone service to call for outside assistance, the group of international students struck on the idea of unwinding the long coils (线圈) of their turbans, and along with some added footage afforded by bits of their clothing, they managed to fashion a 33-foot lifeline with which they were eventually able to fish the stranded pair from their dangerous situation.
“We were trying to think how we could get them out, but we didn’t know how to,” Kuljinder Kinda told NBC News. “So we walked for about 10 minutes to find help and then came up with the idea to tie our turbans together.”
Once the two hikers (and no doubt embarrassed, since the waterfall danger was clearly marked) were pulled to safety, park officials stepped in to assess their condition. As neither required medical treatment, they were released on their own recognizance—likely with a severe warning to better mind where they’re going next time.
Kinda and his four comrades, while more than pleased with their day’s work, were humble about their heroic deeds. It was simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time and having the means to help, they said.
23．What’s the underlined words “taking stock of” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Taking advantage of. B．Assessing. C．Losing control of. D．Changing.
24．What’s the five hikers’ first action when they witnessed the trouble?
A．Turning to park officials for help.
B．Calling for help using their cell phones.
C．Considering the danger of helping the two hikers.
D．Walking for about 10 minutes to seek assistance.
25．What can we infer about the two hikers from paragraph 5?
A．They were sent to hospital.
B．They would never take risks.
C．They ignored the waterfall danger.
D．They were punished by the park officials.
26．Which of the following can best describe the five Sikh hikers?
A．Smart and modest. B．Brave and embarrassed.
C．Determined and honest. D．Adventurous and fashionable.

Plant-based leathers have the potential to revolutionize the fashion industry. Now, MycoWorks, a California-based biotech company, has created a new eco-friendly leather coming from fungi (真菌). The company turns mycelium-threads from the root structure of mushrooms into a material that imitates the look and feel of animal-based leather.
“It’s the first time that a company has been able to produce a plant product which is matching or even going beyond the quality and durability (经久耐用) of a natural one. It’s a super achievement,” said Patrick Thomas, former Hermés CEO and a MycoWorks board of directors member.
While the material is mushroom-based, MycoWorks creates its rigid, patented material using engineered mycelium cells. As the cells grow into 3-D structures, they become closely connected, eventually forming a tough material, named Fine Mycelium, which has the strength, durability, and performance of traditional leather, according to the MycoWorks website.
Fine Mycelium is carbon-neutral (碳中和的), can be grown to order and provides a sustainable option for producers seeking durable products made from long-lasting material. It can be grown in trays in a short amount of time. These trays can be designed to fit a designer’s exact specifications, getting rid of any waste. After the Fine Mycelium is harvested, it is processed to look and feel like animal leather’s unique grain.
The vegan leather has already made a high fashion debut (首次亮相). In March 2021, luxury fashion brand Hermés debuted their Victoria bag, which featured MycoWork’s Fine Mycelium material. Other companies, including Adidas with their Stan Smith Mylo shoes and Lululemon with their mushroom-based yoga products, have also jumped on the bandwagon.
The use of plant-based leather comes during a time when scientists are trying to come up with solutions for the climate crisis and animal agriculture. Producing animal leather causes greater damage to the environment than any other type of fabric. Livestock (家畜) alone make up nearly 15 percent of the globe’s greenhouse gas emissions.
“We have been trained as consumers to think in terms of a straight line whereby we buy something, use it, and throw it away. Fungi can affect thinking about fashion on lots of levels. This is about material innovation, but it’s also about the culture of making endless new things, and what we can learn from thinking in terms of nature instead,” says biologist Merlin Sheldrake.
27．What’s Patrick Thomas’ attitude to plant-based leathers?
A．Worried. B．Satisfied. C．Ambiguous. D．Negative.
28．What can we know about Fine Mycelium?
A．It isn’t tough enough. B．It isn’t put into use.
C．It can be customerized. D．It’s stronger than traditional leather.
29．What does paragraph 6 explain?
A．The quality of plant-based leather.
B．The application of plant-based leather.
C．How scientists develop plant-based leather.
D．Why scientists develop plant-based leather.
30．What can we conclude from Merlin Sheldrake’s words?
A．Fungi affect every aspect of our life.
B．Customers should buy leathers smartly.
C．It’s wrong to make endless new things.
D．We need to change our ways of thinking sometimes.

A new study found some primates (灵长类) are leaving their tree homes and spending more time on the ground. Led by Timothy Eppley, Ph.D．, scientists studied nearly 50 species of monkeys and lemurs (狐猴) to look at the reason behind these changes.
About 15 years ago, Eppley worked with southern bamboo lemurs, which were known to spend most of their days in the trees, feeding on bamboo leaves. However, he was surprised to find these lemurs were spending most time on the ground and had an incredibly diverse diet. He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them move to the ground. This inspired him to begin this study.
He reached out to every researcher he could find who may have significant data on primates from Madagascar or the Americas, the two places with almost all tree-dwelling primates.
Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites. He found that they spent an average of only 2.5% of their time on the ground each month. But the findings showed some interesting differences.
“As habitats are degraded and the climate worsens, primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground,” Eppley says. “However, other species that rely on fruit diets or live in small groups are less adaptable and are less willing to leave the tree. For these species, we will still need to enforce fast and effective conservation strategies to ensure their survival.”
Although moving to the ground has some advantages in certain situations, primates can face problems when they leave the trees. They can become victims of other animals and diseases. Besides, they will be faced with finding appropriate food resources on the ground, thus having a broad or flexible diet is important. Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats. The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem.
31．Why did Timothy Eppley begin his study?
A．To try to make primates more adaptive.
B．To study how monkeys differ from lemurs.
C．To figure out the reason for the loss of bamboo.
D．To find out why primates are turning to the ground.
32．How did Timothy Eppley carry out his research?
A．By doing experiments. B．By observing in the wild
C．By studying collected data D．By interviewing the locals.
33．Which kind of primates are more likely to come down from trees?
A．Those eating diverse diets. B．Those with a large size.
C．Those feeding mainly an fruits. D．Those living in small groups.
34．What will become a concern according to the study?
A．Animals will become less adaptive. B．The forest ecosystem will become worse.
C．More natural habitats will be lost. D．More animal-related diseases will appear.

What3words
This free download is one of a growing number of smart phone apps that could mean the difference between life and death. What3Words divides the world into 3×3 metre squares, giving each one a unique combination of three words. This allows emergency services to reach you. It is used by the vast majority of emergency services in the UK, not to mention other control centres around the world, and has been credited with saving thousands of lives.
WhatsApp
Lots of us use WhatsApp for messaging and calling, but do you know it also has a Live Location feature that can let a loved one know your whereabouts in case you’re in danger? You simply press the + key in a chat, select “Location” and then press “Share Live Location”, which enables any participants in the chat to see your location in real time for the duration you choose.
SkinVision
You will have to pay for this digital skin check app, but with an estimated fifth of skin cancers going undiagnosed (未诊断的) during lockdown, it could be well worth it. You simply take a photo of any suspicious spot with your phone and you’ll then receive a risk indication from SkinVision’s clinically validated (验证的) technology within 30 seconds. This might include a recommendation to see a doctor.
St John Ambulance First Aid
An app like this is more useful for saving someone else’s life than your own, but arguably it’s a must-have on your smartphone. It gives advice in dealing with emergencies, including choking, allergic reactions and performing CPR. You don’t have to have an Internet connection in order to use it.
35．Which app can inform your friend of your place in time of danger?
A．What3words. B．WhatsApp.
C．Skin Vision. D．St John Ambulance First Aid.
36．What is special about the St John Ambulance First Aid?
A．You have to pay for using it.
B．You can use it without networking.
C．It is widely used in the UK.
D．It has been credited with saving many lives.
37．What do the four apps have in common?
A．They are apps that could save your life.
B．They are apps that could offer CPR training.
C．They are apps that could be used free of charge.
D．They are apps that could help you keep healthy.




参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过对非洲地松鼠的研究发现在南非随着气温的上升，动物身体开始改变形状来适应炎热的气候。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Sprawling flat on the ground in a pose called splooting, for example, helps the animals remove heat from their less furry undersides. （例如，以一种称为“拍打”的姿势平躺在地上，有助于动物从不那么毛茸茸的下侧散热。）”可知，该句子中的remove heat（消除热量）可以解释“dissipate heat”，选项中的reduce与heat搭配表示“减少热量”，因此reduce可以解释划线词。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“As scientists accumulate more evidence that many species bodies are undergoing different changes over a relatively short period of time, it remains unclear whether their adaptations can keep ahead of rising temperatures—and how close they may be to a breaking point.（随着科学家们积累了更多的证据，证明许多物种的身体在相对较短的时间内正在经历不同的变化，目前尚不清楚它们的适应能力是否能在气温上升之前保持领先，以及它们离临界点有多近。）”可知，科学家们可以确定的是许多物种在很短的时间内改变了它们的体型。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Youngflesh, another ecologist who is not involved in the study, sought to determine whether bird body sizes shrank temporally as climate change has driven hotter weather in areas throughout North America,“The scale of their project is large,” he says, adding that to record this change in so many species over such a short period “really suggests that there is something global affecting all these birds—and climate change is what makes sense”.（另一位没有参与这项研究的生态学家Youngflesh试图确定，由于气候变化导致整个北美地区的天气变暖，鸟类的体型是否会暂时缩小。他说，“他们的项目规模很大”，他又补充说，在这么短的时间内记录这么多物种的这种变化“确实表明，有一些全球性的东西影响着所有这些鸟类，而气候变化可能是起到了作用”。）”可知，Youngflesh对Warrington的研究持肯定的态度。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了在南非随着气温的上升，动物身体开始改变形状来适应炎热的气候，并以对非洲地松鼠的研究和收集的证据来说明这一观点。C选项（动物正在改变形状以应对全球变暖）体现了文章的主旨大意，适合作本文标题。故选C项。
5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国父母给孩子取名的方式发生了变化，文章分析了其中的原因，并强调现在是孩子拥有独特名字的时代。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“‘The name Mary for instance, was the most popular girls name from 1880 to 1961.’ said Laura Wattenberg, the founder of the naming-trends site Namerology. (‘例如，从1880年到1961年，玛丽是最受欢迎的女孩名字。’命名趋势网站namamerology的创始人劳拉·瓦滕伯格说)”可知，1880年至1961年之间，最受欢迎的女孩名为Mary。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But in the past, parents typically picked common names, consciously or not, so that their kids would fit in. (但在过去，父母通常会有意无意地选择常见的名字，这样他们的孩子就能和他人融洽相处)”可知，过去父母通常会给孩子取常见的名字，这样可以帮助他们的孩子与他人融合。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。倒数第二段第一句“There came a turn toward novelty and distinctiveness in the 1960s. (20世纪60年代，人们开始转向追求新奇和独特)”，最后一段“As this information became more widely available, Evans argues, parents felt more social pressure not to pick the same name as everyone else for fear of not following the latest fashions.(随着这些信息变得越来越广泛，埃文斯认为，父母们感到了更大的社会压力，他们不想和其他人选择相同的名字，因为他们害怕不能跟上最新的潮流)”可知，最后两段主要讲美国家长给孩子起名字变化的原因。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知，文章主要介绍了美国父母取名方式发生了变化，并简要分析了原因。取名方式的变化，属于社会现象，由此推知，文章最可能来自报纸的某一个版块，如文化版块。故选A项。
9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅，经过网上虚假的评论后，成为TripAdvisor网排名第一的餐厅。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(虚假的)TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a “false reality”, despite millions of genuine reviews.(故事开始时，人们认为欧巴·巴特勒(Oobah Butler)是在一个猫途鹰上为餐馆写假评论的兼职工作后发展起来的：该网站是一个“虚假的现实”，尽管有数百万条真实的评论。)”可知，Oobah Butler认为TripAdvisor这个网站提供了一个虚假的真实感。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. “Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit,” one wrote. “After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in.” Soon the customers started calling. “We’re fully booked,” Butler told the would-be diners.( Butler开始让家人和朋友在网站上发布虚假评论。“在伦敦度过了一个周末，听说这个地方是必去之地，”一个人写道。“在打了几个有点沮丧的电话后，我就进去了。”很快，顾客们开始打电话来。“我们已经订满了，”巴特勒告诉想要来用餐的人。)”可知，Butler让他的家人和朋友开始在网上发布假的评论，进而引发了很多人都信以为真，很快这家餐厅的声誉在猫途鹰的排名中开始上升，由此可知，The Shed飙升至排名第一位是整个网上充斥着虚假评论的结果。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.( 然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。)”可知，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果，由此可推断，虚假信息可能是灾难性的。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。结合本文讲述的关于The Shed的案例以及最后一段中的“However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.(然而，在一个越来越多地受到网上虚假信息影响的时代，它也再次提醒我们，不诚实的行为者能够轻松地利用在线平台，有时产生不可想象的结果。)”可知，在一个受网络虚假信息影响的时代，被不诚实的人利用在线平台会产生不可想象的结果，由此可知，在这个信息时代了，不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评论，也就是没有调查就没有发言权。故选A项。
13．B 14．B 15．C 16．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要向我们介绍了Tammy Ruggles一直想成为摄影师，但是她却患有视网膜色素变性，导致眼睛看不见，但她没有放弃自己的梦想，而是借助相机来看世界的励志故事。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Tammy Ruggles always wanted to be a photographer. In her First Person Vox narrative, she writes, “I’d always loved taking pictures. Ever since I was a little girl, taking photos of my family and pets with the Kodak camera has been my favorite hobby.”(Tammy Ruggles一直想成为一名摄影师。在她的First Person Vox叙述中，她写道：“我一直喜欢拍照。当我还是个小女孩的时候，用柯达相机给我的家人和宠物拍照一直是我最大的爱好。”)”可知，Ruggles喜欢摄影。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“And with that her camera became her eyes, capturing things she herself couldn’t see and had never seen. (于是，她的相机成了她的眼睛，捕捉她自己看不到，也从未看到的东西。)”和第四段中“Ruggles now considers her vision problem a plus to her photography. (Ruggles现在认为她的视力问题对她的摄影来说是一个加分项。)”可知，即使她失明了，她也没有很悲观，而是学习用相机来帮她捕捉看不到的东西，她将自己的视力问题当成自己的一个优势，这说明她很乐观，根据第一段中“Tammy Ruggles always wanted to be a photographer.(Tammy Ruggles一直想成为一名摄影师。)”可知，她一直想成为摄影师，即使眼睛看不见她也没有放弃，相信自己能实现自己的梦想，由此可推知，她乐观且自信，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ruggles now considers her vision problem a plus to her photography. (Ruggles现在认为她的视力问题对她的摄影来说是一个加分项。)”可推知，Ruggles认为她的视觉问题是她摄影的一个优势。故选C。
16．推理判断题。文章主要向我们介绍了Tammy Ruggles一直想成为摄影师，但是她却患有视网膜色素变性，导致眼睛看不见，但她没有放弃自己的梦想，而是借助相机来看世界的励志故事。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是赞美这位摄影师的勇气和毅力。故选D。
17．D 18．A 19．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了红十字会招聘为受灾家庭提供帮助的志愿者的要求以及志愿者的职责等。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Disaster Action Team volunteers are ready to respond to these emergencies, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.（灾难行动小组的志愿者已经准备好应对这些紧急情况，一天24小时，一年365天。）”可知，灾难行动小组的志愿者要随时准备帮助人们应付紧急情况。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据Many disaster action team volunteers share these life experiences and skills部分中“Can remain calm and patient during stressful situations（在紧张的情况下能保持冷静和耐心吗）”可知，志愿者需要具有保持冷静的能力。故选A。
19．推理判断题。文章介绍了红十字会招聘为受灾家庭提供帮助的志愿者的要求和志愿者的职责，结合首段末句“So join us to answer the call when your neighbors need help.（所以，当你的邻居需要帮助的时候，加入我们吧。）”可知，文章的目的是号召人们成为志愿者。故选B。
20．C 21．A 22．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了世界各地的四个恐龙博物馆。
20．细节理解题。根据Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology: Alberta, Canada部分中“Standouts of their collection include the skeleton (骨架) of a new armored dinosaur, Borealopelta markmitchelli, which was discovered in 2011 and was the oldest dinosaur found in Alberta to date.(他们的藏品中最引人注目的是一具新的甲龙Borealopelta markmitchelli骨架，这是2011年发现的，是迄今为止在阿尔伯塔发现的最古老的恐龙)”可知，你可以去Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology参观Borealopelta markmitchelli。故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science: Brussels, Belgium部分中“Founded in 1846, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Science has the largest Dinosaur Gallery in Europe, devoted to displaying dinosaur fossils (化石) and information about them.(比利时皇家自然科学研究所成立于1846年，拥有欧洲最大的恐龙画廊，致力于展示恐龙化石和有关恐龙的信息)”可知，欧洲最大的恐龙画廊成立于1846年。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Zigong Dinosaur Museum: Zigong, China部分中第一段“Opened in 1987, Zigong Dinosaur Museum is unique from many of the other destinations on this list, as it is situated upon a site where dinosaur fossils were found.(自贡恐龙博物馆于1987年开放，与榜单上的许多其他景点相比，自贡恐龙博物馆是独一无二的，因为它坐落在发现恐龙化石的地方)”可知，自贡恐龙博物馆的特殊之处在于它建在恐龙化石发现的地方，故选D。
23．B 24．D 25．C 26．A

【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述被困在不列颠哥伦比亚省金耳朵省级公园一个雷鸣般的瀑布底部的深潭边的两名游客被救的故事。
23．词句猜测题。根据第三段“After taking stock of the situation, and with no cell phone service to call for outside assistance, the group of international students struck on the idea of unwinding the long coils (线圈) of their turbans, and along with some added footage afforded by bits of their clothing, they managed to fashion a 33-foot lifeline with which they were eventually able to fish the stranded pair from their dangerous situation. (在taking stock of了情况后，由于没有手机服务可以呼叫外部援助，这群国际学生突然想到了一个主意，那就是解开他们的长缠头巾，再加上一些他们的衣服提供的长度，他们设法制作了一个33英尺长的生命线，最终他们能够将这对被困的人从危险的处境中解救出来)”可知，这里指这群国际学生们对当时的形式进行了解和分析，因为没有更好的办法，因此才想到用头巾制作长绳。所以taking stock of的意思应该是“评估”，和选项B意思一致。故选B。
24．细节理解题。根据第四段““We were trying to think how we could get them out, but we didn’t know how to,” Kuljinder Kinda told NBC News. “So we walked for about 10 minutes to find help and then came up with the idea to tie our turbans together.”(Kuljinder Kinda告诉NBC新闻：“我们试图思考如何将他们救出来，但我们不知道该怎么做。所以我们走了大约10分钟寻求帮助，然后想出了把头巾绑在一起的主意。”)”可知，他们先走了大约10分钟寻求帮助。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第五段“Once the two hikers (and no doubt embarrassed, since the waterfall danger was clearly marked) were pulled to safety, park officials stepped in to assess their condition. As neither required medical treatment, they were released on their own recognizance—likely with a severe warning to better mind where they’re going next time. (当这两名徒步旅行者（毫无疑问，由于瀑布的危险已经清楚地标记出来，他们很尴尬）被拉到安全地带后，公园官员介入评估了他们的情况。由于两人都不需要治疗，他们在自己的担保下被释放——很可能还附带了严厉的警告，以更好地记住他们下次要去哪里)”可知，两名徒步旅行者忽视了瀑布的危险。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段““We were trying to think how we could get them out, but we didn’t know how to,” Kuljinder Kinda told NBC News. “So we walked for about 10 minutes to find help and then came up with the idea to tie our turbans together.”(Kuljinder Kinda告诉NBC新闻：“我们试图思考如何将他们救出来，但我们不知道该怎么做。所以我们走了大约10分钟寻求帮助，然后想出了把头巾绑在一起的主意。”)”可知，Kinda这几个人很聪明。根据最后一段“Kinda and his four comrades, while more than pleased with their day’s work, were humble about their heroic deeds. It was simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time and having the means to help, they said. (Kinda和他的四位同志虽然对他们一天的工作非常满意，但对他们的英雄事迹感到谦卑。他们说，这只是一个在正确的时间出现在正确的地点并有办法提供帮助的问题)”可知，Kinda这几个人很谦卑。综上，故选A。
27．B 28．C 29．D 30．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了植物皮革有可能彻底改变时尚产业。现在，总部位于加州的生物技术公司MycoWorks用真菌制造出了一种新的环保皮革。该公司将蘑菇根部的菌丝体制成一种模仿动物皮革外观和触感的材料。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段““It’s the first time that a company has been able to produce a plant product which is matching or even going beyond the quality and durability (经久耐用) of a natural one. It’s a super achievement,” said Patrick Thomas, former Hermés CEO and a MycoWorks board of directors member.”（“这是一家公司第一次能够生产出与天然产品相匹配甚至超过其质量和耐用性的植物产品。这是一项了不起的成就，” Hermés前首席执行官、MycoWorks董事会成员Patrick Thomas说。）可推知，Patrick Thomas对植物皮革的态度是满意的。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Fine Mycelium is carbon-neutral (碳中和的), can be grown to order and provides a sustainable option for producers seeking durable products made from long-lasting material.”（细菌丝体是碳中性的，可以按订单种植，为寻求由持久材料制成的耐用产品的生产商提供了一个可持续的选择。）可知，关于细菌丝体我们知道它可定制。故选C项。
29．主旨大意题。根据第六段“The use of plant-based leather comes during a time when scientists are trying to come up with solutions for the climate crisis and animal agriculture. Producing animal leather causes greater damage to the environment than any other type of fabric. Livestock (家畜) alone make up nearly 15 percent of the globe’s greenhouse gas emissions.”（植物皮革的使用正值科学家们试图为气候危机和畜牧业找到解决方案的时候。生产动物皮革对环境造成的破坏比任何其他类型的织物都要大。仅畜牧业就占全球温室气体排放量的近15%。）可知，第六段解释了为什么科学家要开发植物皮革。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We have been trained as consumers to think in terms of a straight line whereby we buy something, use it, and throw it away. Fungi can affect thinking about fashion on lots of levels. This is about material innovation, but it’s also about the culture of making endless new things, and what we can learn from thinking in terms of nature instead,” says biologist Merlin Sheldrake.”（“作为消费者，我们已经被训练成按照一条直线来思考，即我们买东西，用它，扔掉它。真菌可以在很多层面上影响人们对时尚的看法。这与材料创新有关，但也与创造无尽新事物的文化有关，以及我们可以从思考自然中学到什么，”生物学家梅林·谢尔德雷克说。）可推知，我们能从梅林·谢德拉克的话中得出的结论是有时候我们需要改变我们的思维方式。故选D项。
31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与自然。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究：研究发现因为森林的破坏以及气候变化使得一些灵长类动物被迫选择了到地面生活。
31．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“He wondered whether habitat reduction and limited food resource availability were driving them move to the ground. This inspired him to begin this study. (他想知道栖息地的减少和有限的食物资源供应是否促使它们迁移到地面。这启发了他开始这项研究。)”可知Timothy Eppley开始研究是想找出灵长类动物选择地面生活的原因。故选D。
32．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“Eppley examined more than 150,000 hours of data observed on 32 monkey species and 15 lemur species at 68 sites. (Eppley检查了在68个地点观察到的32种猴子和15种狐猴超过150000小时的数据。)”可知Eppley通过分析收集到的数据进行这项研究，故选C。
33．推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“primates that are flexible enough to adapt because of their diverse diets or live in larger groups may be more likely to shift to life on the ground (灵长类动物由于其多样化的饮食而具有足够的灵活性来适应，或者生活在更大的群体中，它们可能更有可能转向地面生活)”可知那些饮食多样化的灵长类动物更倾向于到地面生活，故选A。
34．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Primates are important seed spreaders within their forest habitats. The loss of primates would lead to negative effects on the ecosystem. (灵长类动物是森林栖息地内重要的种子传播者。灵长类动物的消失将对生态系统产生负面影响。)”可知灵长类动物是植物种子的传播者，如果它们到地面上栖息，将会影响森林的生态系统，故选B。
35．B 36．B 37．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几款能挽救人生命的应用程序。
35．细节理解题。根据WhatsApp部分中的“Lots of us use WhatsApp for messaging and calling, but do you know it also has a Live Location feature that can let a loved one know your whereabouts in case you’re in danger? You simply press the + key in a chat, select “Location” and then press “Share Live Location”, which enables any participants in the chat to see your location in real time for the duration you choose.(我们很多人使用 WhatsApp 发信息和打电话，但你知道它还有一个实时定位功能，可以让你爱的人知道你在哪里，以防你有危险吗？你只需在聊天中按下+键，选择“位置”，然后按下“分享实时位置”，这使得聊天中的任何参与者都可以在你选择的时间段内实时看到你的位置。)”可知，WhatsApp这个应用程序能在你有危险的时候通知你的朋友你所在的地方，故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据St John Ambulance First Aid部分中的“You don’t have to have an Internet connection in order to use it.(你不必为了使用它而连接互联网。)”可知，St John Ambulance First Aid这个应用程序的特别之处是你不需要连接网络就可以使用它。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据What3words部分中的“This allows emergency services to reach you. It is used by the vast majority of emergency services in the UK, not to mention other control centres around the world, and has been credited with saving thousands of lives.(这样紧急服务就能联系到你。英国绝大多数的应急服务机构都在使用它，更不用说世界各地的其他控制中心了，它被认为拯救了数千人的生命。)”，WhatsApp中的“Lots of us use WhatsApp for messaging and calling, but do you know it also has a Live Location feature that can let a loved one know your whereabouts in case you’re in danger? (我们很多人使用 WhatsApp发信息和打电话，但你知道它还有一个实时定位功能，可以让你爱的人知道你在哪里，以防你有危险吗？)”，SkinVision部分中的“You will have to pay for this digital skin check app, but with an estimated fifth of skin cancers going undiagnosed (未诊断的) during lockdown, it could be well worth it. (你将不得不为这个数字皮肤检查应用程序付费，但估计有五分之一的皮肤癌在封锁期间没有得到诊断，这可能是非常值得的。)”和St John Ambulance First Aid部分中的“An app like this is more useful for saving someone else’s life than your own,(像这样的应用程序在拯救他人生命方面比你自己的生命更有用)”可推知，这几个应用程序的共同点是它们都可以拯救生命。故选A。