技巧14 如何刻画心理-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练

高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练

技巧14 如何刻画心理

心理描写常用方式  

1.内心独白

内心独自是作品中人物语言的表现形式之一，指通过人物的内心表白来揭示人物隐秘的内心世界，充分地展示人物的思想、性格，使读者更深刻地理解人物的思想感情和精神面貌。例如在莎士比亚的《哈姆莱特》中，哈姆莱特那段着名的“生存还是毁灭”的内心独白，是他对于“生”和“死”的思考，表现了他内心的困惑，极具哲理性。

 2.从旁叙述

从旁叙述中采用第三人称的方式描写人物心理。在这种写法中，作，作者可以是“全知全能”的。因此，这种方式较少受到时间和空间的约束，作者可以根据自己想法的需要叙述。用第三人称写人物心理时，作者是站在观察者的角度，所以对人物的情感倾向会表现得相对鲜明些，甚至可以进行即时的议论。

3.梦境幻觉

作品中的人物由于现实中无法达到某种目标，于是会陷入空想的心态，而这种心态常通过幻觉或梦境的形式来得到表现。

4.动作暗示

动作是人物的体态语言。抓住某一人物的某一个动作，通过具体描写，表现这个人物的内心世界，这就是动作暗示心理的手法。

5.神态暗示

一个人的神态变化往往是在特殊事态的刺激下产生心理波动。引发脸部表情的变化，所以它始终和人物的心理状况联系在一起。和动作描写一样，成功的神态描写也应该根据表达的目的来选择材料，抓住最值得写的，最能反映出人物内心活动、性格特点的神态来写。

6.语言暗示

    鲁迅说：“如果删除了不必要之点，只摘出各人的有特色的谈话来，我想，就可以使别人从谈话里推见每个说话的人物。”这里所说的“各人的有特色的谈话”，就是具有个性特征的语言。抓住人物个性化语言进行描写，就能展示人物的个性特征。

7.感官刺激

 “心理学”中将人的感觉分为视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉等几类。在文学作品中只要抓住了人物瞬间的感受，任何一种感觉的描写都可以起到体现人物心理状况的作用。

8.环境烘托

 环境描写是指对人物所处的社会环境和自然环境的描写。环境描写可以起到烘托人物心理的作用。

心理描写示例

1.表“害怕”的心理

①My throat tightened and my knees felt weak.

我喉咙发紧，双膝发软。

②I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.

我吓呆了，一动也不动。

2.表“愤怒”的心理

①Her face clouded with anger.

她满脸怒气。

②His voice trembled with anger.

他气得声音发抖。

③He let out cries of anger.

他发出愤怒的喊声。

3.表“悲伤和绝望”的心理

①His heart sank at the news.

听到这个消息，他的心一沉。

②Overcome with bitter disappointment, he locked himself up in his room.

由于极度失望，他把自己锁在房间里。

③He was abruptly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.

他突然被抛进一个黑暗的世界，陷入绝望。

4.表“尴尬、紧张”的心理

Sweat was pouring down my face.

汗水从我脸上滚落下来。

5.表“震惊”的心理

①She froze with shock, as if rooted to the spot.

她吃惊得呆住了，就像在原地生了根似的。

②Her eyes widened further and his mouth opened.

她的眼睛睁得更大了，他的嘴张开了。

1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Our church charity in Toronto has a way of assisting those who have financial difficulties without making the receiver feel ashamed or guilty. They often dropped money into an offering box with only the name of the receiver on the envelope.The envelopes are then distributed to those members without them knowing the name of the giver.

There came a time when my husband and I were among those in need. We did not talk about our financial difficulty with anyone.The only reason our children knew was that we had to cut back on many things. Still, we hoped they were not aware of the extent of our need, nor of how much their father and I were suffering because of it.We did not want to burden them with a problem they could do nothing to solve.

Unfortunately, our situation wasn’t improving, and my husband and I knew that we would have to look for outside help. Just as we reached the point of desperation, our church gave us a gift envelope that had been left in the offering box.We were overjoyed to receive a very large amount of money, enough to bring us through that desperate time.We couldn’t help but wonder who had given such a generous gift. We were extremely relieved and grateful.

A year later, our seventeen-year-old son was applying for a student loan so he could attend university. It was then that we discovered his savings account was almost empty.His father and I were very disturbed by this.We had trusted him to put part of his wages from his part-time job into the bank towards his education.Actually,from the time he was nine years old he had been a paper carrier for The Toronto Star, and he had worked very hard for his small earnings to achieve his university dream.

注意:

1.续写词数应为150左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I asked him repeatedly where the money had gone.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Several busy days later, there appeared an envelope in the box.

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2．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Ms. Johnson will never forget Chelsea, a wounded soul. Over the years Chelsea had always struggled, both academically and with self-confidence. Additionally, her mother had died after a heroic battle with a terminal illness when Chelsea was a fifth grader. As she began her sixth grade, Chelsea was still hurting. Ms. Johnson worried about her with good reason.

Each fall, Ms. Johnson takes the students for a five-day adventure at Wolf Ridge, an environmental learning center in the woods of Northern Minnesota overlooking Lake Superior. The week is filled with learning, team building, and overcoming seemingly impossible challenges. They go in October, and the turning leaves of trees come to symbolize the changes happening to the students over the week. The steps and growth students make at Wolf Ridge become a metaphor Ms. Johnson uses throughout the year as her students face challenges in the classroom.

The most difficult activity is the High Adventure Ropes Course, which stretches from tower to tower high amongest the treetops forty feet above the ground. Ms. Johnson knew this experience would be particularly difficult for Chelsea.

When it was time for her to fasten the harness (安全带), Chelsea was already trembling. The harness offers physical protection, but not much mental comfort when nothing but a slippery board or an unsteady wire is between your feet and the ground far below. Chelsea stepped hesitantly onto the Swinging Wood Bridge, and only after the instructor’s encouragement, slowly made her way across its shaky boards up to the first tower. With the support of a chaperone (监护人) stationed there, she began her way across the Burma Bridge, made of merely three wires and straps. Her trembling body added to its shaking. From down below, her ground partners shouted up supportively, “Come on, Chelsea, you’re doing great!”

Chelsea finally reached the second tower and eventually stepped out onto the next challenge and slowly inched her way across.

注意：

1.续写词数应为 150 左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1:

Now she faced what for many is the most difficult activity: the Single Wire.

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Paragraph 2:

The final challenge is a zip line (滑索), which requires leaping off the last tower and sliding to the ground.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Riya, an 8-year-old pupil, lived happily in a big city with her parents, who loved Riya dearly and did what they could to buy what she wanted for her. Riya was smart and excellent in her studies. Not only that, she was always ready to help others.

One day when Riya entered her classroom, she saw a crowd admiring Riya’s friend Mary’s new pen and talking cheerfully. Riya fell in love with that pen at first glance and desired to get Mary’s permission to let her use it. Seconds later, the school bell rang, sending the children hurrying to the school grounds for morning prayers.

After a while, their teacher Grace let Riya fetch some chalk from the classroom, in which Riya once again saw Mary’s delicate pen, lying on the desk elegantly. Riya took it fondly and went to her desk, ready to write on her book with the lovely pen when she heard the sound of someone walking by. Without thinking, she put the pen in her pocket and saw who it was. Jane, her other friend, was returning to the classroom. Riya immediately ran out from the back door noiselessly and went to the playground to pray

The morning prayers finished, everyone went to class, followed by their teacher Grace. The moment Mary found her pen was missing, she got annoyed. Without delay, she ran to the front and complained to Grace, saying in tears, “Someone must have stolen my new pen.”

Having quietened the noisy class, Grace asked them who was in the classroom during the prayers. Almost everyone pointed at Jane, who explained she just felt uncomfortable when praying and came back to rest. Grace asked Jane if she had taken Mary’s new pen, to which Jane said no firmly, insisting she knew nothing about that pen. But she had nobody to prove her words. Suspected and feeling sad, Jane burst out crying.

Everything happened fast and unexpectedly before Riya suddenly realized the pen was still in her pocket. She froze on the spot, afraid of being treated as a thief.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

But Riya knew what was the right thing to do.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Grace nodded and patted Riya on the back with a relieved smile.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Lily loved school. However, there was one class Lily worried about more than any other — art. She didn’t know why she just wasn’t good at drawing or painting.

Ms. Clay, the art teacher, stood in the front of the room. “Boys and girls, an art competition will be held in our school,” she announced. Ms. Clay was a great teacher, and Lily liked her a lot. But this announcement made Lily nervous. “Every one of the 210 students in the school is required to create a piece of artwork. Any type of artwork is welcomed. Next Friday you will have to hand in your artworks.” Ms. Clay was quite excited when she spoke while Lily found herself sinking lower in her chair.

Lily had the whole weekend to work on her artwork, but she could not think of anything to do. On Monday, Lily felt discouraged, so after school Lily went to Ms. Clay and asked if there was any possibility that she wouldn’t enter the competition.

“I understand it may worry and upset you, Lily,” Ms. Clay said. “But just remember: art isn’t always painting or drawing. It can be something else. I am sure you can think of something very creative, and I can’t wait to see it.”

When Lily arrived home, she sat at the table and was lost in thought. She thought of Ms. Clay’s words. “Art isn’t always painting or drawing. It can be something else.” Staring at her table, suddenly she was attracted to a pair of scissors and some paper.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右。

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。

At that moment, a good idea struck her.

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On Friday, Lily went to school early with her artwork.

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5．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

After watering the trees and grass in our yard yesterday, I’m pleased to see that it is raining this morning. The tree and grass are dry and they are dying for lack of water. We really need some showers to give the yard a drink and bring freshness to the air and coolness, making the morning pleasant. There is nothing quite like a rainy day in spring and the simple joys it brings.

In fact, as a boy I hated rainy days. They meant that I was stuck in the house and couldn’t go out to play. It was only as the years passed that I realized there could be no water without rain and there could be no life without water. The truth is that rain is a gift from nature. Now I look at each gentle rainfall with a smile and know that nature is giving the world and us the water we need to live.

Of course, we all prefer the sunshine after the rain. The sun gives us light. It energizes us. The white clouds and blue skies just naturally make us feel good. When my thoughts are racing, my mother comes over. “Henry, your morning coffee. It’s raining today. Why don’t you sleep more?” I smile and say, “Mum, it is a nice day. After the rain, the plants in our yard will come alive again. But I have an important thing to do today.” She seems to understand and says, “Go ahead, baby. Have a good day!”

Maybe rainy days give us a chance to rest today, and even rest on the fields for the next day. I know there would be no morning coffee or afternoon tea without rain. I think when I go out to help others in the rain today, I will send thanks to nature. When the rain falls on my head, it brings me great fun, but it also causes trouble for some homeless people on the streets. On the other hand, the rain seems to make me a little sad. I decide to walk out and see if there is anyone in need.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右;

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I am walking along the streets.

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I decide to help the person in need.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

1.  

   I asked him repeatedly where the money had gone. At first he would not tell me, which made me even angrier. I would not let the matter alone. I kept hounding him, determined to find out where the money had gone. I also asked his other brothers about the money, but no one knew. Afterwards, I planned to consult the bank about the account of my son. However, I was busy with my working, so I didn’t go to the bank all the time.

Several busy days later, there appeared an envelope in the box. In the letter, my son admitted that the year before he had put his savings in the offering box for his father and me. After reading the letter, I stood there speechless, tears filling my eyes. It had taken my son years to save that money. He had given it to us willingly—without telling us what he had done.

【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了我和丈夫有一段时间陷入了经济困难，但是没有人知道，孩子们也只是知道我们不断的削减开支，但是情况一直都没有得到改善，在我们快要绝望的时候，我们的教堂送来了一大笔钱，帮助我们渡过了难关。但是我们不知道是谁捐赠的。一年后，我们17岁的儿子为上大学申请学生贷款，在那时，我们发现他的储蓄账户几乎空的，所以我们开始追查儿子的钱到底去了哪里。

1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“我一再问他钱到哪里去了”可知，第一段可描写作者盘问儿子及追查儿子钱到底去了哪里。

②由第二段首句内容“忙了几天之后，盒子里出现了一个信封。”可知，第二段可描写作者的儿子承认自己把钱捐给了父亲和作者，这让作者很感动。

2.续写线索：盘问钱去了哪里——追查——收到一封信——儿子承认捐钱——感悟

3.词汇激活

行为类

①.不理会，不注意：let alone/ take no notice of/ pay no attention to

②.决定去做：determine to do/decide to do/make up one’s mind to do

③.承认：admit/ recognize/ acknowledge

情绪类

①.生气：angry/show anger/mad

②.流泪：tears filling my eyes / burst into tears

【典型句式】

[高分句型1]. I kept hounding him, determined to find out where the money had gone. （由连接词where引导的宾语从句作find out的宾语）

[高分句型2]. In the letter, my son admitted that the year before he had put his savings in the offering box for his father and me.（由that引导的宾语从句和before引导的时间状语从句）

[高分句型3]. He had given it to us willingly—without telling us what he had done.（what引导的宾语从句）

2．     

  Now she faced what for many is the most difficult activity: the Single Wire. Thinking about the fact that there was only one wire, Chelsea was trembling again and afraid to make one more step. But hearing the cheers from her teacher and classmates below, she got to gain courage. Holding the harness tightly, Chelsea began to walk step by step carefully and cautiously. Finally, she made it.

    The final challenge is a zip line (滑索), which requires leaping off the last tower and sliding to the ground. Staring at the zip line, Chelsea didn’t feel frightened any longer. Because she found it is much easier to slide to the ground with the line. She had experienced much tougher activities before, so she had the faith to go through it. Without hesitation, Chelsea slid along the zip line and landed on the ground safe and sound. All her teacher and classmates applauded for her and there was a wide smile on her face.

【写作指导】本文是以人物为线索展开，主要描述Johnson老师和同学们见证了Chelsea在一个秋天举办的探险活动中重拾信心的故事。

1.段落续写：

①根据第一段首句内容“现在，她面临着对许多人来说最困难的活动：单线。”可知，第一段可描写是切尔西如何成功挑战单线的。

②根据第二段首句内容“最后的挑战是拉链滑索，这需要跳下最后一座塔并滑到地面。”可知，第二段可描写切尔西拉链滑索挑战的情况。

2.续写线索：害怕——鼓励——鼓起勇气——成功

3.词汇激活

行为类

①再迈出一步：make one more step/walk a little farther

②成功做到：made it/do sth. successfully

③抓住：Hold/catch hold of 

情绪类

①害怕的：frightened/fearful/ afraid

②相信：had the faith/be faithful/believe in

【典型句式】

【高分句型1】Thinking about the fact that there was only one wire, Chelsea was trembling again and afraid to make one more step.（由that引导的同位语从句）

【高分句型2】Because she found it is much easier to slide to the ground with the line.（由Because引导的原因状语从句）

3．

But Riya knew what was the right thing to do. Nervous and anxious as she was, Riya took courage to walk toward Jane, standing in front of her and saying in an apologetic voice, “Sorry, Jane, it was I that made you misunderstood by others.” Then, Riya turned around to tell Grace what was the truth and claimed that the misunderstanding was caused by her inconsideration. She apologized to Mary with head bowed and tears running down her cheeks, asking sincerely, “I am really sorry for using the new pen without your permission. But I did not do it on purpose.Could you please forgive me?” After her words, the air in the classroom seemed to be still like dead water.

Grace nodded and patted Riya on the back with a relieved smile. She cleared her throat, uttering, “Riya, I am so touched by your honesty and courage. You are a good girl.” She also expressed her apology to Jane and comforted her. She told the whole class that making a mistake was not terrible and that the courage to admit it truly counted. Apparently, Riya set a good example for everyone else. Since it was a misunderstanding, Mary grinned understandingly at Riya and replied, “I forgive you and I’d like to share this new pen with you.” Hearing her words, Riya couldn’t help hugging Mary. It was at that time that Riya came to realize what mattered most was not the mistake made by her but honesty and courage to take the blame for it.

【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Riya因为很欣赏朋友Mary的钢笔，而想拿Mary的钢笔写下她的名字，结果突然Jane走进教室，慌乱之下的Riya赶紧把笔放进口袋里。于是一场误会就此产生，Jane被当作小偷。当然，Riya最终勇敢地解决了这场误会。

1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“但Riya知道什么是正确的做法。”可知，第一段可描述Riya勇敢地承认是她拿了Mary的新钢笔，并向Mary她们解释事情的经过及寻求原谅。

②由第二段首句内容“Grace点点头，拍了拍Riya的背，欣慰地笑了。”可知，第二段可描述Grace赞赏Riya的诚实和勇敢，并告诉大家诚实面对错误的勇气以及误会消除了。

2.续写线索：坦白——承认拿笔——道歉——希望获得原谅——Grace赞赏——教导大家——和解——误会消除——感悟

3.词汇激活

行为类

①向前走：walk toward/step toward/head toward

②道歉：apologize/make an apology

③拥抱：hug her/give her a hug

情绪类

①紧张的：nervous/tense

②感动的：touched/moved

【典型句式】

[高分句型1] Then, Riya turned around to tell Grace what was the truth and claimed that the misunderstanding was caused by her inconsideration.（由what引导宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句）

[高分句型2] She told the whole class that making a mistake was not terrible and that the courage to admit it truly counted.（由that引导的宾语从句）

4．Para. 1:

At that moment, a good idea struck her. Why not make a paper-cutting? She remembered Grandma Li next door could make some lifelike paper-cuttings. Lily jumped with joy at the thought. “I can ask Grandma Li to teach me to make paper-cuttings!” She grabbed the scissors and ran out. For the next few days, the moment Lily went back from school, she went to learn paper-cuttings from Grandma Li. She was very excited when her artwork was finally completed.

Para. 2:

On Friday, Lily went to school early with her artwork. The bell rang and Ms. Clay stepped in. “Are your artworks ready?” Lily and her classmates answered loudly “Yes!”. Seeing Lily sitting in her chair confidently, Ms. Clay went to her and gently picked up her paper-cutting—several children playing in the garden. “How creative your artwork is!” Ms. Clay said and gave Lily a thumbs-up. Lily felt very proud and thought, “Maybe I can make an artist in the future.”

【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了莉莉不擅长绘画，但是学校将要举行一场艺术比赛，每个人都要参加。莉莉感到气馁，但老师还是鼓励她参加比赛。最终莉莉想到了剪纸，拿到学校后得到了老师的夸奖。

1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“就在这时，她想到了一个好主意。”可知，第一段可描写莉莉的主意是让隔壁的李奶奶教自己剪纸，完成了作品。

②由第二段首句内容“星期五，莉莉带着她的艺术作品很早就去上学了。”可知，第二段可描写莉莉把作品带到学校后的事情。

2.续写线索：想到好主意——找李奶奶学习剪纸——完成作品——带着作品去学校——得到夸奖——感悟

3.词汇激活

行为类

回来：go back /return

完成：complete/accomplish

回答：answer/reply

情绪类

快乐：joy /pleasure

激动：excited /thrilled

【典型句式】

[高分句型1] For the next few days, the moment Lily went back from school, she went to learn paper-cuttings from Grandma Li. (运用了the moment引导时间状语从句)

[高分句型2] Seeing Lily sitting in her chair confidently, Ms. Clay went to her and gently picked up her paper-cutting—several children playing in the garden. (运用了现在分词作状语)

5．参考范文：

I am walking along the streets. I find that there is only a “homeless” person today. The rainy weather makes his situation more difficult. He just has a worn-out tent which is leaking everywhere. I decide to do something for him. So I buy a new tent, a raincoat, an umbrella to keep out the rain. He is very grateful and says. “Thanks, sir. I just lose contact with my family at present. I don’t have much cash on me and my cell phone has run out.”

I decide to help the person in need. So I ask him for his family’s phone number and call them. I also give him some money and a portable charger. He thinks I am the kindest person in the world for him. The sun comes out after the rain as usual. Then I walk, chat, and share my feelings about rain and my experiences on rainy days with him. When he is on his way home, he says he will help people in need as I do. I hope the kindness will be passed on.

【写作指导】本文以事物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候不喜欢雨天，几年后，意识到没有雨就没有水，没有水就没有生命，于是作者想到在雨中出去帮助别人，向大自然表达感谢。

1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“我正沿着街道走。”可知，第一段可描写作者遇到想要帮助的人并且帮助了他。

②由第二段首句内容“我决定帮助有需要的人。”可知，第二段可描写作者帮助了那个人，而那个人也要像作者一样帮助其他人，把善意传递下去。

2.续写线索：遇到无家可归的人——帮助——给钱和充电器——分享经历——传递善意

3.词汇激活

行为类

①.决定做某事：decide to do/make up one’s mind to do/make a decision to do

②.失去联系：lose contact with / lose touch with/ out of touch

③.用完：run out/ use up

情绪类

①.感谢：showing his appreciation/show his gratitude/be grateful

②.善良的：kind/ kind-hearted/ virtuous

【典型句式】

[高分句型1]. He just has a worn-out tent which is leaking everywhere. （由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句）

[高分句型2]. When he is on his way home, he says he will help people in need as I do.（由when引导的时间状语从句）