模拟卷1——2023年高考英语模拟卷（广东、山东）

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【走近高考◆◆预热卷】
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试预热卷01
英 语

第一部分  阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Top Learning Websites for Children in 2023
GoNoodle
GoNoodle is an online resource designed to encourage physical activity among children. The website offers a wide selection of videos, games, and activities to get children moving inside or outside the classroom. The videos have a duration of anywhere between five to ten minutes. This is just about the right duration most students need before a lesson. The most outstanding aspect of the software is the variety of activities that children can participate in.
Young Ocean Explorers
Young Ocean Explorers is an online resource that focuses on environmental education and marine conservation. The website provides a wide variety of high-quality videos that teach children about marine life’s beauty and diversity. The website also tackles serious environmental issues like marine life endangerment, water pollution, overfishing, and other marine-related issues head-on. There’s also plenty of documentation on environmentalists doing what they can to save the environment.
DeltaMath
DeltaMath is an online math program designed to help teachers create math problems for exams and practice tests. The website features over 1,200 different topics. Each topic consists of hundreds of randomly generated problems that are classified further into varying levels of difficulty. Most of the questions generated are multiple-choice or short answer, and the site automatically grades responses. Some questions allow students to move numbers and variables around to solve equations (方程式).
Spatulatta
Spatulatta is a cooking website designed to introduce children to the culinary arts. The website aims to teach children basic cooking skills using easy-to-follow recipes with simple ingredients. You can find recipes for every meal of the day. And of course, there’s a section on children’s all-time favorite desserts and drinks.
1．What is the striking feature of Go Noodle?
A．The variety of physical activities. B．The wide selection of short videos.
C．The unique teaching methods of teachers. D．The creative games on different subjects.
2．Which website is helpful to teachers as well as students?
A．DeltaMath. B．Spatulatta. C．GoNoodle. D．Young Ocean Explorers.
3．Who is eager to learn from Spatulatta?
A．A little sports fan. B．A young food lover.
C．A little book worm. D．A crazy ocean explorer.

【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍2023年儿童最佳学习网站。
1．细节理解题。根据GoNoodle部分“GoNoodle is an online resource designed to encourage physical activity among children.( GoNoodle是一个在线资源，旨在鼓励儿童进行体育活动)”以及“The most outstanding aspect of the software is the variety of activities that children can participate in.(该软件最突出的方面是孩子们可以参与的各种活动)”可知，GoNoodle是一个旨在鼓励儿童进行体育活动的网站，它最引人注目的特征是儿童可以参与的各种活动。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据DeltaMath部分“DeltaMath is an online math program designed to help teachers create math problems for exams and practice tests.(DeltaMath是一个在线数学程序，旨在帮助教师为考试和练习创造数学问题)”以及“ Some questions allow students to move numbers and variables around to solve equations (方程式).(有些问题允许学生移动数字和变量来解方程)”可知，该网站对老师和学生都有帮助。故选A。
3．细节理解题。 根据Spatulatta部分“And of course, there’s a section on children’s all-time favorite desserts and drinks.(当然，还有一个部分是关于孩子们一直最喜欢的甜点和饮料)”可知，该网站有一部分是关于孩子们最喜欢的甜点和饮料，所以应该是比较吸引小美食爱好者。故选B。

B
On Mondays, two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way. Each packs plenty of food and water, a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate. Then, I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school.
When I first signed them up for forest school program, I loved the idea, but as a mum, I was concerned about a few things: Would they be comfortable outside for that long? Would they stay engaged for that many hours? Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly, they stared at me in confusion. They didn’t understand my question, which fittingly removed it.
In this program, kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake. They are never told their play is too high or too sharp, but are rather trusted to self- adjust. Something else my sons appreciate about forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity, but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows. :
“What about all the things they’re missing in real school?” concerned parents have asked me. Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it’s a problem, but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach. They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close-a skill that’s virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting. They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups. They cooperate together, using their different sizes and strengths to fulfill various roles within their games.
I appreciate it that forest school is shaping my boys’ relationship with the outdoors. They’re learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature, what to do to pass the time, and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades.
4．What is special about the forest school program?
A．Teachers engage in kids’ play. B．Kids play and learn outdoors.
C．It focuses on nature protection. D．It offers various food and drinks.
5．How did the author feel about kids’ reaction to her questions?
A．Awkward. B．Concerned. C．Relieved. D．Proud.
6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The concerns caused by the program.
B．The benefits gained from role plays.
C．The skills acquired by children.
D．The games loved by teachers.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Nature: a wonderland for the young
B．Forest school program proves a hit
C．Parks are replacing traditional schools
D．Forest school: a fine place for my kids

【答案】4．B 5．C 6．C 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了作者送孩子在一所认证的森林学校度过一整天，在那里孩子们接近大自然，能学到很多学校内学不到的各种技能，同时也描述了家长们的忧虑。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Each packs plenty of food and water, a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate. Then, I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school.(每个人都带了大量的食物和水，一双橡胶靴，有时还有一杯热巧克力。然后，我把他们送到附近的一个公园，在那里他们在一所经过认证的森林学校度过一整天。)”以及第三段中的“In this program, kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake.(在这个项目中，孩子们指导自己的游戏，爬高大的树木或在冰冻的湖面上测试冰。)”可知，孩子们带着的都是与户外活动需要的东西，而且他们会在户外自己指引自己玩耍，爬树等一些自己喜欢做的事情，由此可知，这个森林学校项目特殊之处在于孩子们在户外玩耍和学习。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly, they stared at me in confusion. They didn’t understand my question, which fittingly removed it.(然后我问他们时间是否过得很慢，他们困惑地盯着我。他们不明白我的问题，这就恰当地消除了它。)”可知，孩子们对作者的问题感到很迷惑，这也消除了作者的担忧，由此可知，见到孩子们的这种反应，使得作者打消了顾虑。故选C项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的主题句“Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it’s a problem, but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach.(他们的老师都不认为这是个问题，但最重要的是，我的孩子们正在学习新的和不同的技能，这是课堂上无法教授的。)”以及下文中的详细介绍的孩子们能学到的各种技能可知，在这所森林学校，孩子们在学习一些学校里面学不到的技能。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I appreciate it that forest school is shaping my boys’ relationship with the outdoors. They’re learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature, what to do to pass the time, and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades.(我很感激森林学校塑造了我的孩子们与户外的关系。他们正在学习如何在大自然中度过更长的时间，做什么来打发时间，并发展知识，使他们在未来的几十年里更接近大自然。)”以及全文讲述的内容可知，作者介绍的这所森林学校的特殊之处，以及孩子们在这里能学到许多学校内学不到的技能，作者感激森林学校可以塑造孩子与户外的关系，所以本文的题目为“森林学校，一个对我的孩子很好的地方”概括了文章的主题。故选D项。

C
When I was nine years old, I was desperately in love with a man who was 40 years my senior. Don’t worry; Mickey Dolenz of The Monkees didn’t even know I existed because he’d stopped being an actor 20 years earlier. But that didn’t stop me from decorating my books with love hearts.
The Monkees were entirely manufactured, but as a product they were a success: they used the media to develop a bond between an audience member and her target. In their TV show, they regularly broke the fourth wall, throwing knowing winks (眨眼) to camera, and shared their funny behind-the-scenes lives. They made us think we knew them, as a friend.
This kind of “parasocial relationship” (准社交关系) has long roots in media. Radio characters like Lonesome Gal started her program with, “Sweetie, I love you,” speaking directly to her listeners in the the 1950s. Each individual felt he had her undivided attention. She was an entirely virtual girlfriend, at a time when the word had nothing to do with technology.
Parasocial relationships have become a means to an end in the digital age, now that selling yourself has become a way of life. Using these relationships is how you gain followers, credibility and influence. But once you start to gain a critical mass, the relationship necessarily transforms—at least in the eye of the digital personality. You can speak directly to one fan, or even five. But it’s not possible to respond to the 10, 000 people who subscribe to your TikTok. What was once a close and friendly relationship turns into a business transaction (交易).
Rising social media stars have to manage themselves and their boundaries. That’s one of the most undeveloped skills in the digital age. Today’s parasocial relationships are surfing unknown territory, so it is expected that they—we—will make mistakes. And who is there to help when we’ve put ourselves out there online?
8．What do we know about a parasocial relationship?
A．It isn’t developed without mutual understanding.
B．It isn’t healthy or beneficial at all to either side.
C．It is a relationship that enjoys good interaction.
D．It is an imaginary relationship with a celebrity.
9．What do the underlined words “broke the fourth wall” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Stepped down from the stage. B．Interacted with the audience.
C．Removed bricks of the wall. D．Engaged with photographers.
10．What has caused the change of the relationship between fans and internet celebrities?
A．The expansion of digital marketing. B．The intentional ignorance of fans.
C．The increase in the number of fans. D．The lack of communication skills.
11．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To raise public concern. B．To present a scientific study.
C．To give a full explanation. D．To express personal feelings.

【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A

【导语】本篇为说明文，介绍了一种准社交关系，也就是媒体用户将大众传媒中的人物当作真实人物，并与之形成一种准社交关系（人们追星这种社会现象），随着现代媒体技术的进步，本来健康的准社交关系有了一些变化。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was nine years old, I was desperately in love with a man who was 40 years my senior. Don’t worry; Mickey Dolenz of The Monkees didn’t even know I existed because he’d stopped being an actor 20 years earlier.(9岁的时候，我疯狂地爱上了一个比我大40岁的男人。别担心；门基乐队的Mickey Dolenz甚至不知道我的存在，因为他20年前就不再是演员了。)”以及第三段“This kind of “parasocial relationship” (准社交关系) has long roots in media. Radio characters like Lonesome Gal started her program with, “Sweetie, I love you,” speaking directly to her listeners in the the 1950s. Each individual felt he had her undivided attention. She was an entirely virtual girlfriend, at a time when the word had nothing to do with technology.(这种“准社交关系”在媒体中由来已久。在20世纪50年代，像Lonesome Gal这样的电台人物以“亲爱的，我爱你”开始她的节目，直接对她的听众说话。每个人都觉得自己完全吸引了她的注意力。她是一个完全虚拟的女朋友，在那个时候，这个词和科技没有任何关系。)”可知，准社交关系是一种虚构的与名人的关系。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“throwing knowing winks (眨眼) to camera, and shared their funny behind-the-scenes lives. They made us think we knew them, as a friend(对着镜头抛媚眼，分享他们有趣的幕后生活。他们让我们以为我们认识他们，就像朋友一样)”可知，在电视节目中，明星通过会心的眨眼，抛媚眼，并分享他们有趣的幕后生活来与观众们互动，因此broke the fourth wall的意思是“与观众们互动”，和interacted with the audience意思相近，故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“But once you start to gain a critical mass, the relationship necessarily transforms—at least in the eye of the digital personality. You can speak directly to one fan, or even five. But it’s not possible to respond to the 10, 000 people who subscribe to your TikTok. What was once a close and friendly relationship turns into a business transaction (交易).(但一旦你开始获得临界量，这种关系就必然会发生变化——至少按照数字人格的标准。你可以直接对一个粉丝，甚至五个粉丝说话。但你不可能对订阅你TikTok的1万人做出回应。曾经亲密友好的关系变成了商业交易。)”可知，一旦你的粉丝数量暴增过多，这种关系必然会发生变化，故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today’s parasocial relationships are surfing unknown territory, so it is expected that they—we—will make mistakes. And who is there to help when we’ve put ourselves out there online?(今天的准社会关系是在未知的领域中冲浪，所以他们——我们——会犯错误是可以预料的。当我们把自己放在网上时，谁来帮助我们呢？)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是引起公众关注。故选A。

D
While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a main food may result in a lower risk of obesity.
Researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong University collected data from participants aged 35 to 74 who are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions. They divided the participants into three groups. The first group eats rice as their main food, consuming it either daily or four to six times per week, while consuming wheat less than four to six times per week. The second group’s main food is wheat, and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their main food, with similar frequency.
Then the researchers compared results and found out that rice preference might be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types in the population of Northwest China. Higher wheat intake was associated with higher risks of excessive body fat and central obesity (stomach fat) in men and central obesity in women, according to the study findings published in the journal Nutrients.
According to the researchers, previous animal studies shows that wheat gluten (谷蛋白) promoted weight gain by reducing heat production and energy consumption, while rice protein shows the potential for anti-obesity and triglyceride-lowering (抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯) effects. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns often have more fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference in Northwest China tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat, and sometimes even with a large amount of oil.
However, researchers noted that given the vast territory and diverse ethnic groups present in Northwest China, further studies might be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and potential hidden reasons for the observed links.
12．What do you know about the study in Northwest China?
A．People can eat rice to lose weight. B．Eating rice will help you live longer.
C．Rice is the perfect choice for people who are fat. D．Eating rice may reduce people’s risk of being fat.
13．How did the researchers figure out the findings of the study?
A．By offering examples. B．By referring to some data.
C．By making a comparison. D．By quoting an expert’s opinion.
14．What does the previous animal study show?
A．Wheat gluten reduced weight gain by reducing heat and energy.
B．Rice protein has the potential to fight obesity and lower triglyceride.
C．People often eat noodles with more fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings.
D．People who prefer wheat in Northwest China tend to cat small bowls of noodles.
15．What will the researchers probably do next?
A．They will carry out further studies.
B．They will change their research methods.
C．They will promote rice as the main food.
D．They will figure out the number of ethnic groups in China.

【答案】12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，选择大米作为主要食物可能会降低肥胖的风险。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide, a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a main food may result in a lower risk of obesity.(虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常见的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究表明，选择大米作为主要食物可能会降低肥胖的风险)”可知，吃米饭可以降低人们变胖的风险。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then the researchers compared results and found out that rice preference might be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types in the population of Northwest China.(然后，研究人员比较了结果，发现对大米的偏好可能与中国西北地区某些肥胖类型的风险较低有关)”可知，研究人员通过比较来弄清楚这项研究的结果的。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to the researchers, previous animal studies shows that wheat gluten (谷蛋白) promoted weight gain by reducing heat production and energy consumption, while rice protein shows the potential for anti-obesity and triglyceride-lowering (抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯) effects.(根据研究人员的说法，先前的动物研究表明，小麦麸质通过减少热量产生和能量消耗来促进体重增加，而大米蛋白则显示出抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潜在作用)”可知，之前的动物研究表明了大米蛋白有对抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潜力。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, researchers noted that given the vast territory and diverse ethnic groups present in Northwest China, further studies might be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity and potential hidden reasons for the observed links.(然而，研究人员指出，考虑到中国西北地区广阔的领土和多样化的民族群体，可能有必要进一步研究，以充分了解区域特异性和潜在的隐藏原因，以观察到的联系)”可推知，研究人员接下来可能会进行进一步的研究。故选A。

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
An association between individuals working together in the same organization is called interpersonal relationship. An individual spends around seven to eight hours at his workplace and it is practically not possible for him to work all alone. ____16____ Research says productivity increases when individuals work in groups as compared to an individual working alone.
Employees must get along well for a healthy atmosphere at the workplace. Let us go through various ways of improving interpersonal relationships at workplace.
● ____17____ Discussions must be on an open platform where every individual has the liberty to express his/her views and opinions. Written mode of communication is one of the effective ways of communicating at the workplace. Ignoring any of your co-workers might hurt him and spoil your relationship with the individual concerned. Avoid hiding things from your fellow workers.
●Team leaders should conduct morning meetings with their team members. ____18____ The employees should be allowed to bring their coffee. Let them communicate with each other. Morning meetings go a long way in breaking the ice among employees and improving interpersonal relationships at workplace.
● ____19____ Let the employees bring their families as well. Ask your team members to exchange contact numbers among themselves for them to interact with each other even after work.
●Greet your colleagues on their birthdays or anniversaries. ____20____ Such small initiatives (提议) go a long way in strengthening the bond among fellow workers. Important festivals must be celebrated for employees to come closer to each other.
A．Avoid being jealous.
B．Do not make the meetings too formal.
C．Interact with your co-workers more often.
D．Send them a nice e-card and do ask for a treat.
E．Individuals can also communicate through emails.
F．Take your team out for lunch, picnics or get together once in a while.
G．He needs people to talk to and discuss various issues at the workplace.

【答案】16．G 17．C 18．B 19．F 20．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，与单打独斗工作相比，个人在集体工作时的工作效率会提高。员工必需在工作场所和睦相处，以营造健康的氛围。文章主要讲述了改善工作场所的人际关系的几种方法。
16．空格前说“An individual spends around seven to eight hours at his workplace and it is practically not possible for him to work all alone.”(一个人在他的工作场所工作七到八个小时，他不可能独自工作。)，空格后说“Research says productivity increases when individuals work in groups as compared to an individual working alone.”(研究表明，与单打独斗工作相比，个人集体工作时的工作效率会提高。员工必需在工作场所和睦相处，以营造健康的氛围。)可知空格处应该说他需要在工作场所和人进行交谈和沟通，G项“He needs people to talk to and discuss various issues at the workplace.”(他需要在工作场所与人交谈并讨论各种问题。)，选项中的“He”指代上文的“An individual”。能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G.
17．空格前说“Let us go through various ways of improving interpersonal relationships at workplace.”(让我们来看看改善工作场所人际关系的各种方法。)空格后说“Discussions must be on an open platform where every individual has the liberty to express his/her views and opinions.”(讨论必须在一个开放的平台上进行，每个人都有表达自己的观点和意见的自由。)可知空格处应该说在工作场所应和同事之间进行互动。C项的“Interact with your co-workers more often.”(多和同事交流。)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
18．空格前说“Team leaders should conduct morning meetings with their team members.”(团队领导者应该与他们的团队进行早会。)，空格后说“The employees should be allowed to bring their coffee. Let them communicate with each other.”(应该允许员工自带咖啡。让他们互相交流。)。可知空格处应该说团队领导对员工们出席早会的表现不应该太正式。B项“Do not make the meetings too formal.”(会议不要太正式。)承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
19．空格后说“Let the employees bring their families as well. Ask your team members to exchange contact numbers among themselves for them to interact with each other even after work.”(让员工也带着他们的家人吧。让你的团队成员之间交流电话，让他们在工作后相互交流。)可知空格处应该说带你的团队出去吃餐, 野餐或偶尔聚餐。而且下文的“as well”是关键词，与空格处是递进关系。F选项“Take your team out for lunch, picnics or get together once in a while”(带你的团队出去吃午餐，野餐或偶尔聚在一起。)符合语境,与空格处是递进关系。故选F。
20．空格前说“Greet your colleagues on their birthdays or anniversaries.”(在同事的生日或周年纪念日时问候他们。),空格后说“Such small initiatives (提议) go a long way in strengthening the bond among fellow workers.”(这样的小型提议在加强同事之间的关系方面大有帮助。)可知空格处应该说通过什么样的方式来问候你的同事们。D选项“Send them a nice e-card and do ask for a treat.”(送给他们一张漂亮的电子卡片，并要求他们请客。)中的“them”指代上文的“your colleagues”，空格后的“such small initiatives”指代选项中的“do ask for a treat。”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。

第二部分  语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ____21____by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ____22____
To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ____23____as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ____24____ that expressions like these could be synonymous.
The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different____25____ones as well. Since China is a ____26____country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ____27____, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have____28____ the employment and distribution of land.
In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a____29____between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to____30____. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the____31____and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were____32____then in China. The scholars did not actually____33____ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were____34____with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their____35____on life were essentially those of the farmer.
Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.
21．A．conditioned B．equipped C．powered D．refreshed
22．A．traveler B．scholar C．client D．people
23．A．displayed B．confused C．translated D．symbolized
24．A．discouraging B．unconvincing C．embarrassing D．thrilling
25．A．cultural B．economic C．historical D．theoretical
26．A．continental B．dependent C．federal D．realistic
27．A．Besides B．Furthermore C．Hence D．Otherwise
28．A．shrunk from B．put pressure on C．gone about D．centered around
29．A．connection B．distinction C．foundation D．solution
30．A．commerce B．industry C．occupation D．tourism
31．A．aimless B．cautious C．last D．unemployed
32．A．ambitious B．dynamic C．fortunate D．honorable
33．A．explore B．cultivate C．investigate D．preserve
34．A．caught up B．kept up C．tied up D．put up
35．A．assessment B．impact C．concern D．outlook

【答案】
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了哲学家的思考受到其自身的生活环境的制约，并介绍了古代中国的社会和经济思想，通过学习哲学，我们更了解这个世界和我们自己。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在思考时，思考者通常受到他所生活的环境的制约。A. conditioned控制，制约；B. equipped配备，装备；C. powered驱动，推动；D. refreshed使恢复精力。下文提到中国和希腊由于地理环境不同，哲学家的思想也存在差异，由此可知，思考者通常受到生活环境的制约。故选A项。
22．考查名词词词义辨析。句意：对个人是如此，对民族也是如此。A. traveler旅行者；B. scholar学者；C. client客户，当事人；D. people人们，民族。此处和“an individual”形成对比，结合下文提到的中国和希腊的例子可知，此处表示“对民族也是如此”。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：汉语中有两种说法都可以翻译为世界：“天下皆天”和“四海之内皆天”。A. displayed展示，展览；B. confused使糊涂，使迷惑；C. translated翻译，解释为；D. symbolized象征。结合语境及空后的“‘all beneath the sky’ and ‘all within the four seas’”可知，此处指这两种说法都可以翻译为“世界”的概念。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于像希腊这样的海洋国家的人民来说，这样的同义表达是无法令人信服的。A. discouraging使人沮丧的；B. unconvincing令人难以信服的，令人怀疑的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. thrilling惊险的，令人兴奋的。上文提到思考着会受到自身生活环境的制约，结合下文“The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different ____5____ ones as well.”可知，中国和希腊哲学家出于不同的地理环境和民族背景，哲学思考应是有所不同，所以此处指“令人难以信服的”。故选B项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国和希腊古代哲学家不仅生活在不同的地理条件下，而且生活在不同的经济条件下。A. cultural文化的；B. economic经济的；C. historical历史的；D. theoretical理论的。下一句“Since China is a ____6____ country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth.”提到经济方面，故此处指“经济条件”，下文也多次出现economic。故选B项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于中国是一个陆地国家，中国人必须以农业为生，土地是财富的首要基础。A. continental大陆的；B. dependent依赖的；C. federal联邦的；D. realistic务实的，实事求是的。根据常识及“the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth”可知，中国是一个陆地国家，人们靠农业谋生。故选A项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，在整个中国历史上，社会和经济的思想和政策都以土地的使用和分配为中心。A. Besides此外，而且；B. Furthermore此外，而且；C. Hence因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合句意可知，此处与上文是因果关系，因为中国是大陆国家，因此社会和经济的思想都是以土地为中心。故选C项。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，在整个中国历史上，社会和经济的思想和政策都以土地的使用和分配为中心。A. shrunk from退避；B. put pressure on对……施加压力；C. gone about着手做，处理；D. centered around集中于，围绕。结合语境可知，此处指社会和经济的思想和政策都以土地的使用和分配为中心。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国哲学家的社会经济思想中，有他们所谓的“本”和“末”的区别。A. connection关系。联系；B. distinction差别，区别；C. foundation 基础；D. solution解决方法。根据下文“In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a_______between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).”可知，“本”和“末”有区别。故选B项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“本”指的是农业，“末”指的是商业。A. commerce商业；B. industry工业；C. occupation职业；D. tourism旅游业。根据下一句“The people who deal with the ‘branch’ were the merchants.(与‘末’打交道的是商人)”可知，“末”指商业。故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是四个传统社会阶层中最后和底层的，另外三个是读书人、农民和做工的人。A. aimless没有目标的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. last最后的；D. unemployed未被雇佣的。结合“lowest”可知，商人是社会最底层的人。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在当时的中国，读书人和农民是光荣的。A. ambitious有抱负的；B. dynamic充满活力的，动态的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. honorable光荣的。结合上文“the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans.”及常识可知，古代中国读书人和农民是光荣的。故选D项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：读书人本身并不耕种土地，但由于他们通常是地主，他们的财富与农业息息相关，因此他们对宇宙的反应和人生观本质上是农民的态度。A. explore探索；B. cultivate开垦，耕作；C. investigate调查；D. preserve保护，维护。根据常识可知，此处指读书人并不直接种地，故选B项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：读书人本身并不耕种土地，但由于他们通常是地主，他们的财富与农业息息相关，因此他们对宇宙的反应和人生观本质上是农民的态度。A. caught up赶上，追上；B. kept up跟上，不落后； C. tied up捆绑，捆紧；D. put up张贴，建起。根据“but since they were usually landlords”可知，读书人一般是地主，所以他们的财富和农业息息相关，tie up with和……有关系，符合语境。故选C项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：读书人本身并不耕种土地，但由于他们通常是地主，他们的财富与农业息息相关，因此他们对宇宙的反应和人生观本质上是农民的态度。A. assessment评估，评价；B. impact影响； C. concern担心，忧虑；D. outlook看法，态度。结合“their reaction to the universe”可知，此处指读书人的世界观和人生观本质上和农民一样。故选D项。

第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
ChatGPT and AI Chatbot Race
The next online revolution has started. It is gathering pace___36___breakneck (极快的) speed. It began on November the 30th___37___the tech company OpenAI released its ChatGPT chatbot.
This is a search box you can have___38___ conversation with. It can provide the answer to any request you make, in perfect grammar. Should you require a 300-word text about a movie star ___39___ (write) in the style of Shakespeare, you will get it.
ChatGPT has spread like wildfire across social media. However, hot on the heels of ChatGPT ___40___ (come) Google’s Bard chatbot. It was launched on February the 6th. A Google Microsoft battle for absolute power over the future of online search is now unfolding.
There are countless questions regarding how chatbots ___41___ (shake) up the Internet and our world. Educators are worrying about “the end of homework” as bots can ___42___ (instant) provide convincing essays and answers to a grade-A standard. Workers are concerned the bots are a genuine threat to all manner of jobs.
Google made ___43___ (attempt) to reduce people’s anxiety about the possible threats of chatbots. It said: “AI can deepen our understanding of information ___44___ turn it into useful knowledge more efficiently, ___45___ (make) it easier for people to get to the heart of what they ‘re looking for and get things done.”

【答案】
36． at 37．when 38．a 39．written 40．comes
41．will shake 42．instantly 43．attempts 44．and 45．making

【导语】这是一篇说明文。下一场网络革命已经开始，它正以惊人的速度加快步伐。文章主要介绍了科技公司OpenAI发布的ChatGPT聊天机器人和谷歌发布的Bard聊天机器人之间的竞争。
36．考查介词。句意：它正以惊人的速度加快步伐。“以……的速度”为短语at...speed，故填at。
37．考查定语从句。句意：它始于11月30日，当时科技公司OpenAI发布了它的ChatGPT聊天机器人。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是November the 30th，且从句缺少时间状语，应用when引导，故填when。
38．考查冠词。句意： 这是一个可以和你交谈的搜索框。have a conversation with固定搭配，意为“和……对话”，故填a。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你需要一篇300字的关于电影明星的莎士比亚风格的文章，你会得到它。句中有谓语should require，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a 300-word text，且动词write和a 300-word text是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填written。
40．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，紧随ChatGPT之后的是谷歌的Bard聊天机器人。此处在句中作谓语，hot on the heels of ChatGPT (紧跟着ChatGPT)为句子状语，为了保持句子平衡，将状语置于句首，用全部倒装，即将谓语动词提到主语前面，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是Google’s Bard chatbot，谓语动词应用三单形式，故填comes。
41．考查时态。句意：关于聊天机器人将如何撼动互联网和我们的世界，有无数的问题。此处在how引导的宾语从句中作谓语，由句意可知，句子描述将要发生的事，应用一般将来时，故填will shake。
42．考查副词。句意：教育工作者正在担心“家庭作业的终结”，因为机器人可以立即提供令人信服的论文和答案，达到A级标准。此处应用副词修饰动词provide，故填instantly。
43．考查固定搭配。句意：谷歌试图减轻人们对聊天机器人可能带来的威胁的焦虑。make attempts to do sth.固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”，故填attempts。
44．考查连词。句意：报告称：“人工智能可以加深我们对信息的理解，并更有效地将其转化为有用的知识，使人们更容易找到他们所寻找的东西的核心，并完成工作。”空处前后“可以加深我们对信息的理解”和“并更有效地将其转化为有用的知识”是并列关系，应用连词and，故填and。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意： 报告称：“人工智能可以加深我们对信息的理解，并更有效地将其转化为有用的知识，使人们更容易找到他们所寻找的东西的核心，并完成工作。”此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式，故填making。


第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华，你对本校学生的经典阅读情况进行了调查，结果如下图。请给校英文报投稿，呼吁同学们多读经典、传承文化，内容包括：
1. 经典阅读的现状;
2. 经典阅读的意义;
3. 你的呼吁。

注意：
1. 词数80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
Last week I did a research on students’ reading classics. 70% students never or seldom read classics, and only 16% students read regularly. Obviously, the majority of students ignore the significance of reading classics.
In fact, reading classics is rewarding. Classic works, which are time-tested and profound, can enlighten our mind, helping us develop a proper attitude towards life. Reading classics can also enrich our knowledge and broaden our horizon.
Therefore, I call on every student to read more classics regularly. Only in this way, can we have a better understanding of the world, and inherit the culture as well.
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。要求考生就“关于本校学生的经典阅读情况的调查” 给校英文报投稿，呼吁同学们多读经典、传承文化。内容包括： 经典阅读的现状、经典阅读的意义和呼吁。
【详解】1.词汇积累
调查：research →survey
明显的：obviously → clearly/apparently
有意义的：rewarding→ meaningful/beneficial
开阔眼界：broaden one's horizon→ broaden one's vision
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last week I did a research on students’ reading classics. 70% students never or seldom read classics, and only 16% students read regularly.
拓展句：Last week I did a research on students’ reading classics, which shows that 70% students never or seldom read classics, with only 16% students reading regularly.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Classic works, which are time-tested and profound, can enlighten our mind, helping us develop a proper attitude towards life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和非谓语动词作状语）
【高分句型2】Only in this way，can we have a better understanding of the world, and inherit the culture as well.（运用了倒装句式）

第二节：读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I left the office for a news assignment that early summer evening, I had absolutely no idea what life held in store for me.
As a young photographer, I was on my way back from a photo shoot. I had shot rolls of films featuring beautiful scenery and scenes of daily life in the countryside. What a fulfilling day! Now what 1 needed was a hot bath and a good rest. 1 couldn’t wait to return home. On the country road, with my camera bag containing my equipment and a phonebook on my back, I rode my motorbike so merrily that all the tiredness disappeared instantly. Suddenly, a big rock hit me from nowhere. All I knew was 1 was no longer on my motorbike.
I was thrown away from my bike and hit the road. Before I lost consciousness, I saw all my things scattered (分散的), my helmet (头盔) lying at a distance. Hours, maybe days later, I opened my eyes. 1 realized I was on a hospital bed and later learnt that I had been shifted to the ward after7 days in the ICU. The crash was so severe that my head had been injured seriously, leading to other terrible conditions. Although I survived, there were a series of surgeries needed before I could fully recover—a reconstruction of the knees, my broken right wrist to be fixed and an operation on my nose.
I had no relatives in Delhi as I lived alone. After my accident, some warm-hearted strangers donated blood and resources to help me survive, which made me really touched. But every time I tried to piece together that horrible Tuesday, I felt like there remained some missing puzzles. Who discovered and saved me? How was I sent to the hospital? Where can I find my hero? Such questions bothered me until one day Amy, who was the first to learn of my accident came to see me when visits were allowed.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In the ward, she told me what happened.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I dialed the couple' number immediately, hoping to thank them in person.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
In the ward, she told me what happened. A couple were driving by when spotting me lying on the country road unconscious, covered in blood. Without hesitation, they called an ambulance at once and accompanied me all the way to the hospital. They also managed to get in touch with Amy whose number was on the top of my phonebook. Seeing Amy arrived, the couple 1eft before further communication. The questions weighing on my mind were answered. Then Amy showed me their number. (75 words)
I dialed the couple's number immediately, hoping to thank them in person. They arrived soon. Before I could utter any words of gratitude, they handed me some photos, “We found a roll of film at the scene and had it developed for you.” In tears, I thanked them for everything they’d done. They patted my back, saying it was the least they could do when a life had to be saved. That Tuesday became a dateline of my life and I fully felt the kindness of Delhi. (75 words)
【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了作者在德里拍摄完照片回家的路上遭遇意外，幸好得到一对夫妇和陌生人们的及时救助以及作者为德里人民的善良所感动的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在病房里，她告诉我发生的事情。”可知，第一段可描写作者从艾米口中得知自己被救助的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“我立刻拨通了这对夫妇的电话，希望当面感谢他们。”可知，第二段可描写作者对救助他的夫妇进行感谢并为德里人民的善良感动。
2.续写线索：了解被救助的经过——对救助者当面表达谢意——意外找回丢失的胶片——为德里人民的善良感动
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.联系：get in touch with /contact
②.说：utter/speak
③.递给我一些照片：handed me some photos/ passed me some photos
情绪类
①.毫不犹豫地：without hesitation/unhesitatingly
②.感谢他们：thanked them/appreciated them
【点睛】[高分句型1].They also managed to get in touch with Amy whose number was on the top of my phonebook.（由关系代词whose引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2].The questions weighing on my mind were answered.（现在分词短语作后置定语）