2023届北京市西城区高三下学期二模英语试题含答案

  2023北京西城高三二模

英    语

2023.5

本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One of the best feelings is knowing that I have made a(n) __1__ impact on another person's life.

During my freshman year, I got my first real job at Dunkin' Donuts. I quickly became aware that customers'__2__was important, so I tried to provide the best service that I could. I still remember one customer vividly, an elderly gentleman named Frank. He came in every Sunday afternoon and ordered a medium coffee with two old-fashioned donuts. Immediately after I saw him pull into the parking lot, I __3__ his order, having it ready by the time he walked in. If I had no other work to do, I sat and talked with him. We learned a lot about each other. I could not help feeling sorry for him because his wife had recently passed away.

After a year of working every weekend, I eventually decided to leave and turned in my two-week notice. The most difficult part of __4__ was not telling my boss, but informing Frank. I felt like I was __5__ him. When I finally brought it up, he __6__ replied,“Oh, that's too bad. I'm sure that the staff will miss you.”I began to think that our visits held no real importance to him, and that he would be just as__7__ enjoying his food alone. __8__, on my last day, Frank came in with a card that simply read, “Your kindness during the time we have spent together is heartwarming. You had no  __9 __ to speak a word to me, let alone show a real interest in our conversations. Few things have brought me more pleasure than our weekly visits. Thank you.”

A amount of  __10 __ I received for such minor efforts is mind-blowing. Giving up my weekends for a year was a small price to pay to grasp the remarkable effects of kindness.

1. A. obvious   B. simple   C. immediate   D. positive

2. A. condition   B. appearance  C. satisfaction   D. behavior

3. A. took    B. prepared  C. followed   D. accepted

4. A. quitting   B. agreeing  C. remembering  D. serving

5. A. embarrassing  B. ignoring  C. cheating   D. abandoning

6. A. firmly   B. calmly   C. angrily    D. sadly

7. A. confident   B. excited  C. content   D. interested

8. A. Meanwhile  B. Therefore  C. Moreover   D. However

9. A. duty    B. right   C. excuse    D. intention

10. A. admiration  B. expectation  C. appreciation  D. instruction

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Many common things around the house are very useful. For example, warm water can be used for cleaning. When salt is put__11__warm water, it can help ease a sore throat. Warm water can also be used to make an orange taste better. The secret is the warmth of the water. The fruit becomes sweeter, __12__the warm water lowers its level of sourness. Another example is __13__ you can try a banana peel when your shoes look dirty. The tannin in the peel works like magic, making your shoes shiny and bright!

B

Not all inventions have been the result of a __14__ (care) plan. In the 1940s, an American scientist, Percy Spencer, was trying to make a machine, with the hope that it__15__ (use) radio waves to detect warplanes. One day, after the experiment, Spencer found that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer then placed some corn in front of the machine. Soon, the corn was popping everywhere. Thus, the microwave oven（微波炉）__16__（invent）by chance．

C

A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them __17__ (leave) in the world. These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest birds. The birds__18__ (fly)all the way from their summer home to this wetland, __19__ they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. Many people are crowding by the lake and then begin to shoot them. Is this the end for the spoonbills? No. The people are bird-watchers, __20__ (shoot) photographs.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

TEAN is committed to giving students a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience studying abroad in a new and exciting culture. We recognize that in many instances additional funding is necessary to make the study abroad experience both affordable and realistic. These scholarships were created as an attempt to help students with the financial commitments required for an international education experience.

TEAN provides numerous scholarships, including an annual full ride scholarship, need- and merit-based scholarships, diversity scholarships, even a photography scholarship, plus others.

TEAN FULL RIDE SCHOLARSHIP

The Education Abroad Network Full Ride Scholarship is designed to give a stand-out student the opportunity to study abroad. The scholarship can be used for any Summer or Fall TEAN program and covers tuition, program fees, orientation and housing.

REQUIREMENTS

          Students must have their study abroad office complete the Statement from University form in order to be considered for the scholarship.

          Must meet GPA (Grade Point Average) requirement for the individual program that they want to attend.

          Must be a university student in the United States.

          Students can only apply for the scholarship once per application cycle; applicants should select their top program choice when applying for the scholarship.

          Scholarship applications received after the deadline will not be considered.

SELECTION CRITERIA

          Will be based on the overall application materials, including a personal essay addressing the following question:“Why have you selected this program? How is it tied to your major?”

          Applications will be judged by a panel of TEAN staff members.

          Assessment will be based on the following: excellence in academics, active participation in extra-curricular activities, achievement in leadership skills, awareness of the value of international education and the personal essay.

          No interview required.

APPLICATION DEADLINE

June 1,202321

21. TEAN can help students_________.

A. travel abroad

B. save money for the future

C. experience overseas education

D. understand popular foreign culture

22. To get the TEAN Full Ride Scholarship, a student must_________.

A.be an American citizen

B. submit an application by June 1,2023

C. fill out the Statement from University form

D. turn in an application twice during an application cycle

23.An applicant going for the full ride scholarship is more likely to be accepted, if _________.

A. he performs well academically

B. he does excellently in the interview

C. he chooses a program unrelated to his major

D. he obtains an outstanding recommendation essay

B

I wrestled her to the ground for the keys, literally. Indeed, when she opened the door to leave the house at 11 pm for the movies despite my words, I actually wrestled my 16-year-old daughter to the ground.

I did not know how to deal with a rebellious（叛逆的）teenager. We are a family of strong wills, from the top down. All my kids had pushed and argued. Everyone “kind of” followed the rules. As they got older, especially when they hit high school, I saw the power shifting, but it hadn't been so obvious. I had not seen much in-your-face rebellion.

Until this happened.

I called Amy Speidel, a wise and practical parenting expert. She stayed on the phone with me and listened to my wild complaint about my disrespectful kid. She listened for almost two hours and then gave me some suggestions.

Amy told me that my daughter's behavior was "developmentally appropriate"-she was supposed to test the boundaries. Amy also said that it was great that my daughter would be able to stand up for herself in a relationship that wasn't working.

Those comments really made me feel awful. I hadn't considered anything positive about her behavior-but outside of our mother-daughter relationship, I would never want to devalue my daughter's strong will.

After talking with Amy, I realized that I was the one who needed help understanding discipline vs control. Honestly, I did hate that the responsibility was on me. I wanted permission to scream and punish. But I listened to Amy and here's what I learned.

1. My daughter's behavior was normal. That eased my fears that I had raised a terrible human and failed as a mother.

2.My daughter's strong personality was a strength. That revelation was a huge gift. I value her qualities but don't want them used against me. I will soften my response and listen to her.

3. I went crazy. In fact, I crossed a line. And that happens. But I learned to apologize and reset so that we could move forward.

My job, therefore, is to learn new responses that offer my daughter options and realistic consequences, not empty threats. And hopefully, this will change my relationship with my daughter.

24.What is the actual reason the author had a fight with her daughter?

A. The daughter wouldn't give her the keys.

B. The daughter didn't come back until 11 pm.

C. The daughter insisted on going out late at night.

D. The daughter wanted to go to the movies with friends.

25.The comments made the author feel“awful”because_________.

A. she had helped her daughter to test boundaries

B. she didn't treasure the mother-daughter relationship

C. she thought Amy was criticizing her daughter's upbringing

D. she hadn't noticed the desirable aspects of her daughter's behavior

26.After the phone call, the author learned that_________.

A. her daughter's strong character should be softened

B. she should constructively deal with conflict

C. her daughter should control her behavior

D. she should admit her failure as a mother

27.According to Amy, what should the author say if the same situation happens again?

A. “Do you really think you can just walk out the door like that?”

B. “It's not safe to be out so late. What about tomorrow afternoon?”

C. “It doesn't matter whether you go out or not. I will support you.”

D. “You have been disrespectful and can't go out tonight. Is that clear?”

C

Laughing together is an important way for people to connect and bond. And though the causes of laughter can vary widely across individuals and groups, the sound of a laugh is usually recognizable between people belonging to different cultures.

But what about animals? Do they “laugh”? And are the causes of animal and human laughter alike? In humans, people may laugh when they hear a joke, or when they see something that they think is funny, though it's unknown if animals' intelligence includes what humans would call a sense of humor.

However, many animals produce sounds during play that are unique to that pleasant social interaction. Researchers consider such vocalizations to be similar to human laughter. Recently, scientists investigated play vocalization to see how common it was among animals. The team identified 65 species that “laughed”while playing-most were mammals（哺乳动物）， but a few bird species demonstrated playful laughter too. Reports of playful laughter were notably absent in studies describing fish, perhaps because there is some question as to whether or not play exists at all in that animal group. This new study could help scientists to analyze the origins of human laughter.

But how can we identify play? Unlike fighting, play is usually repetitive and happens independently of other social behaviors, said lead study author Sasha Winkler, a doctor of biological anthropology at the University of California. When it comes to identifying it, “you know it when you see it,” Winkler told Live Science. One sign is that primates-our closest relatives-have a “play face” that is similar to the expressions of humans who are playing.

When Winkler previously worked with rhesus macaques, she had noticed that the monkeys panted（喘气）quietly while playing. Many other primates are also known to vocalize during play, she said, so a hypothesis (laughter in humans is thought to have originated during play) supported by the play-related panting laughter of many primate species was put forward.

People now still laugh during play, but we also integrate laughter into language and non-play behaviors, using laughter in diverse ways to express a range of emotions that may be positive or negative. Human laughter notably differs from other animals' laughter in another important way: its volume. People broadcast their laughter loudly, often as a way of establishing inclusion. By comparison, when most animals laugh, the sound is very quiet-just loud enough to be heard by the laugher's partner.

“It's really fascinating that so many animals have a similar function of vocalization during play,” Winkler told Live Science. “But we do have these unique parts of human laughter that are also an important area for future study.”

28. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain causes of animal and human laughter.

B. To assess complexities regarding animal laughter.

C. To present findings on the existence of animal laughter.

D. To analyze differences between animal and human laughter.

29.What can we learn from this passage?

A. Animal laughter is even noticeable in fish.

B. Animal laughter is hard to recognize during play.

C. People have learned to combine play with laughter.

D. People laugh loudly because they want to involve others.

30. What is probably the focus of future study on laughter?

A. Distinctive features of human laughter.

B. Different functions of animal laughter.

C. The origin and development of human laughter.

D. The relationship between animal laughter and intelligence.

D

Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate（模仿）his own songs，the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was “an absolutely horrible attempt”.He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that “it will forever be in its babyhood”. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond “a kind of burlesque（滑稽的模仿）”，because robots-being composed of data-are unable to suffer, while songs arise out of suffering.

Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn't mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave's remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only unitedly right in one of the four picture comparisons.

These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of the human-impersonating ChatGPT might have increased general awareness, but artists across a wide range of disciplines are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London's Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.

A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to raise its game in educating future generations of tech-savvy professionals, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of performers and artists, and taking action to support the creative sector in adapting to the disturbances caused by swift and stormy technological change.

While developing AI is important, it should not be pursued at all costs, the CDC stressed. It deplored the failure of the Department for Digital, Culture, and Media to offer a defence against proposed changes to intellectual property law that would give copyright exemption（版权豁免）to any work，anywhere in the world，involving AI text and data mining.

The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.

31.Why does the author mention the four picture comparisons in Paragraph 2?

A. To stress the similarities between AI art and human art.

B. To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art.

C. To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art.

D. To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.

32. What does the underlined word “deplored”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Clearly analyzed.   B. Bravely suffered.

C. Strongly criticized.   D. Accurately perceived.

33.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.

B. Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problem.

C. Tech professionals need more training to better understand AI art.

D. The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.

34.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art

B. AI in Art: A Battle That Must Be Fought

C. Threat or Opportunity: The Impact of AI on Art

D. The Rise of AI Art: What It Means to Human Artists

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

As a doctor, I can give you a lot of useful advice about how to get healthy and stay that way, but you don't need me to tell you that exercise is good for you. Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind.__35__More than 60% of American adults don't exercise regularly, and many say they don't exercise at all. More than 72 million are overweight, and almost all of them would like to lose the extra pounds. So, if exercise is such a good idea, why don't more people do it?

__36__Even as I write this, I am watching my two-year-old run around in circles. Kids seem to be born in constant motion, but along the way that behavior changes.

The slowdown occurs for most at the beginning of college. Academic pressure and lack of organized sports are certainly part of the problem. A bigger part may be looking at life changes as an occasion to blow up old rules and not create new ones in their place. __37__The demands of a new job usually mean less time at the gym. How about a new marriage? How many times have we seen just-married couples looking a lot heavier in first-anniversary photos than they did in the wedding pictures?

__38__People who set general goals, like “I will exercise in my free time,”did a far worse job of sticking to that plan than did people who made a firm commitment, like “I will walk to my friend's house and back every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.”

The good news is, there are solutions to all these. We can begin with exercises as simple as remembering to sit straighter or drink enough water. Specific workout plans can turn a general desire to exercise into a firm commitment. __39__

We may never again have the energy of a two-year-old, but getting back even a little of our early-life energy can make our later lives a whole lot healthier.

A. Being in college is certainly part of the problem.

B. This is especially so when it comes to staying fit.

C. Not having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.

D. We often wish to go back to our two-year-old selves.

E. For instance, you can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.

F. Still, there's a real disconnect between what we know and what we do.

G. The most puzzling part of our inactive nature is that we don't start out that way.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and-most urgent of all-the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover.

Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations I'd set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short.

But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intent, my thoughts began to shift. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I'm a nice person. I'm a nice person. I'm a nice person.

By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant-until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I'm a nice person.

It turns out that there's a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear.

When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.

Over time, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values.

Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students. Take a moment and think of a value you hold dear, whether it's kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home.

40. How did the author feel when she compared her to-do list with her got-done list?

41. What is values affirmation?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

         People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful

43. Apart from speaking out positive words, what else could you do to feel better about yourself? (In about 40 words)

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你想做一个问卷调查，了解中英学生在某方面的差异。你打算请英国好友Jim答卷，并且请他将问卷转发给他的同学和朋友。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1．问卷的目的；

2．问卷的内容。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：调查问卷 questionnaire

Dear Jim,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

参考答案

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

1.D  2.C  3.B   4.A  5.D

6.B  7.C  8.D  9.A  10.C

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

21. C  22. B  23. A  24. C  25. D

26. B  27. B  28. C  29. D  30. A

31. D  32.C   33. A  34. B

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

35. F  36. G  37. B  38. C  39. E

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

40. She felt disappointed.

41. It is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear.

42. People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.

People who switch to a wide-angle view that includes their resources and opportunities, instead of focusing on their shortfalls, are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.

43.略

第二节（20分）

范文：

Dear Jim

How are you doing? I’m writing to ask if you can help me with a questionnaire.

It is about the reading habits of Chinese and British youth, With so many reading materials accessible via digital decices, I want to know how both groups’ reading habits have changed.

It contains twenty question concerning reading materials, reading length as well as reading frequency. It also asks about digital devices young people use.

I wonder if you could answer the qusetions in it. Then, please kindly forward the questionnaire to your classmates and friends. I would appreciate it very much. Please see the attached questionnaire.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua