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北京市东城区2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：阅读理解+
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北京市东城区
2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年北京市东城区中考一模英语试题
三、 阅读理解(每题2分, 共26分)
(一)信息匹配。下面的材料介绍了四家健身房。请根据21—23小题中描述的Tracy, Steve和 Leo 三人的健身需求, 帮他们选择一家最合适的健身房。
A
A. JDC Gym
We offer one-to-one training programmes seven days a week at the gym or at a place that's more convenient to you. You will build strength and fitness and get help with any injuries (损伤)from our experienced personal trainers.
B. Stevie's Gym
Stevie's Gym is well known in the area for offering the best in everything to do with health and fitness. Relax in our standard swimming pool or use the latest equipment (器材)in the gym. You can also get support from our skilled team of trainers.
C. Central Fitness and Leisure
We are one of the largest centres in the area. Members can try different activities at our 24-hour gym. There is also a 400-metre running track(跑道)where you can compete with other members every month.
D. Sport Special
Sport Special provides a modern gym with the latest equipment. You can also try group events such as five-a-side football or basketball. Get to know your team members in the cafe after the match.
21. Tracy likes to go swimming when she is free. She also wants to find a trainer who can help and encourage her to work hard.
22. Steve is returning to exercise after hurting his leg. He is busy at work and needs a personal trainer who can help him any day.
23. Leo is new to the area and wants to get fit. He is more interested in team sports and would like to make friends as well.
(二)阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
B
My First Job
When I was 16, I got a weekend job as a cleaner in a hotel. It paid the usual payment of £5 an hour. Anyway, cleaning couldn't be that difficult, could it?
There was a lot more to the job than you might expect.
First, I'd collect all the things I needed and put them in my cart.
Then I set to work on cleaning the rooms. I made the beds, cleaned the baths, and did some other work. It wasn't fun. In fact, it was unpleasant, especially at the beginning. The first time I made a bed, I didn't do it correctly, and the manager made me do it all over again. One of my workmates showed me what to do and I took notes, just like I did in school. It took ages for me to get it right but when I did, I felt happy and confident.
Although it wasn't well paid, the job enabled me to party with my friends. It wasn't just the money that made it all worthwhile. For the first time I was able to spend time with adults other than my parents and teachers. If I didn't want to do the work, these grown-ups wouldn't try to force me to do it. It was up to me to push myself. That was one very important lesson for me to learn and one I never got taught in school.
My time at the hotel also taught me that you can learn new skills from any kind of work, even a job you never thought you'd do. And at the same time, it showed me where I didn't want to be in the future. And I didn't want to be in a hotel cleaning for the rest of my life. I was looking for something a lot more challenging.
24. What did the writer think of her job when she started doing it?
A. Interesting. B. Easy. C. Unpleasant. D. Unimportant.
25. Who pushed the writer to work when she didn't want to?
A. The writer herself. B. Her parents.
C. The hotel manager. D. Her workmates.
26. From the story, we know that the writer ____________.
A. regretted doing the job B. disliked her workmates
C. was satisfied with the payment D. was open to learning new things
C
Have you considered being a writer? Maybe this is a dream you've had ever since you were young. But writing for a living is not easy, and before you start, you should be sure that you are doing it for the right reasons and go in with your eyes open.
To be a writer, you need to get used to being alone. A writer must be ready to spend at least five hours a day alone, often in front of the computer. At the same time, remember that good stories are created through a lot of effort.
Another question might be how to tell if you have a talent for writing. Perhaps you always got good grades at school for your writing, or you worked on school newspapers, or won prizes for your writing. Perhaps you may have had articles published (出版) in magazines. This shows you have good writing skills.
Originality is always considered the heart of writing. It is important that tired old ideas and words do not appear in your writing. From the first page, the story should be like nothing anyone has ever read before. Try to surprise your reader at every turn and make your reader say, "Wow! I never expected that to happen!"
Even though there are a lot of challenges, if you still want to be a writer, here are some ideas that might help. First, remember that your first draft (草稿)will never be perfect. The value of the first draft may be to start developing and organizing your ideas. Many successful writers write, rewrite, and rewrite again.
When you write, put yourself in the place of the reader. Try to write stories that you would like to read yourself. If you are writing a passage only because you have to, your reader is certainly not going to enjoy it. Most, if not all, good writers read as much as possible. When you read other people's work, think about what makes for good writing and use that in your own writing. As a writer, you are a kind of educator. Make sure that you are well-informed about the things you write about.
Doing research has helped many writers create more interesting and realistic stories.
Writing is different for everyone. If writing is really for you, chances are you already know it deep down and have done for some time. If so, good luck!
27. What is the most important thing for a writer?
A. Aloneness. B. Interest. C. Creativity. D. Talent.
28. The writer probably agrees that
A. writers should do research about what is written
B. successful writers should write the first draft perfectly
C. writers should ask readers for advice about what to write
D. good writers should avoid following other writers' writing styles
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Are You Talented at Writing?
B. Do You Want to Be a Writer?
C. Is Writing Different for Everyone?
D. Do You Need Practice to Be a Writer?
D
Being thankful and expressing it to others is good for our health and happiness. It also helps us build trust and closer relationships with the people around us.
These benefits have mostly been seen when two people are involved: one person gives thanks and the other receives thanks. Now, a new study suggests that expressing gratitude (感谢) not only improves one-to-one relationships, but could bring whole groups together—inspiring (激发)a will to help and connect in people who simply see an act of gratitude.
In this study, Sara Algoe and her team ran several experiments to find out how seeing gratitude influences people's feelings toward the thankful person and the person who is thanked.
In one experiment, participants (参与者)were tasked with reading a movie review draft and underlining eye-catching parts for the reviewer's benefit. First they saw an example. Several lines of text were underlined, as the task required, but many mistakes were also corrected, showing effort that went beyond the task. Some participants could see a handwritten note from the reviewer saying, "Thank you so much for catching those mistakes!"
Afterward, participants underlined parts in another article by the reviewer. Then researchers counted how many mistakes participants corrected, and asked them how much they might like to be friends with the reviewer.
The results showed that participants who had seen a note of gratitude were more willing to correct mistakes and help out, and more likely to want to become friends with the reviewer, than those who hadn't.
Algoe and her team also discovered from other survey questions that participants wanted to help and connect with the person receiving the gratitude. "That's because receiving gratitude marks you as a person who is effective at being supportive or helpful, " says Algoe.
These findings show that expressing gratitude not only strengthens the relationships between the people involved but also influences the people who see it in ways that could reverberate throughout a group. If people in a group notice others' good acts and thank them for their kindnesses, the whole group could be encouraged to be kinder to one another.
Does this mean we should all express gratitude more often? Yes. We can give a hug, bring a gift of flowers, or just say thank you. Gratitude expression seems to be a special kind of emotional experience that is great for building relationships.
30. What do we know about the experiment?
A. Participants tried to make friends with the reviewer.
B. Participants were asked to write a movie review draft.
C. Participants were thanked for underlining eye-catching parts.
D. Participants who saw a thank-you note corrected more mistakes.
31. Which of the following best matches the findings of the study?
A. Tony is thanked a lot because he always helps others.
B. Susan and Mike are friends and they always help each other.
C. Linda is supportive in a group and becomes the group leader.
D. Amy wants to be friends with John because he is thanked a lot.
32. The words "reverberate throughout a group" in Paragraph 8 probably mean"_____________".
A. attract more people to join a group
B. have an effect on everyone in a group
C. help group members develop their strengths
D. provide opportunities for everyone in a group
33. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To introduce how to express gratitude properly.
B. To explain why people show and receive gratitude.
C. To encourage people to show thankfulness to others.
D. To remind people of the importance of helping others.
2022年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选
Kids can make a difference to the world. Here are stories about four amazing kids.
Cash Daniels, 12, clears rubbish from local rivers. 25 kids often join him for the clean-ups. They have collected over 11,000 pounds of rubbish from the rivers. Cash also runs a recycling program to collect cans from businesses. So far, he has recycled over 2,000 pounds of them.
Orion Jean, 11, started to do good deeds to others after winning the National Kindness Speech Competition in 2020. He organizes events to provide food, toys and books for people in need. He has collected over 500,000 books for kids, and over 100,000 meals for local families.
Lino Marrero, 14, invented the Kinetic Kickz 2. 0. It’s something that fits into the sole（鞋底）of a shoe. It collects wasted energy from walking. Then people can use it to power up mobile phones. Lino encourages others to come up with ideas for inventions while solving everyday problems.
Samirah Horton, 13, is known as DJ Annie Red. She started to perform when she was 6. Through her music, she helps kids of all ages to stand up to bullying（欺凌）. She also reads her book The Bully Stop to kids. It’s based on her song No, You Won’t Bully Me.
21．Who helps clean up local rivers?A．Cash Daniels. B．Orion Jean. C．Lino Marrero. D．Samirah Horton.
22．How many books has Orion Jean collected for kids?
A．Over 2,000. B．Over 11,000. C．Over 100,000. D．Over 500,000.
23．What does Lino Marrero encourage others to do?
A．Help people in need. B．Invent new things.
C．Join recycling programs. D．Stand up to bullying.
Emma Dreams Big
It was warm outside. Emma was looking through the window and thinking of riding her horse Star after school.
“Emma! Could you please turn in your homework?” Mrs. James called her.
“I don’t have my homework with me, Emma turned back and said.” I forgot to put it in my schoolbag after I did it.
“Emma, you’re such a smart girl, but you’re always daydreaming. I may have to talk with your parents, ”Mrs. James said. “Now, class, clear your desks. Let’s welcome our guest, Doctor Landon. He is a vet and he came here today as part of our Career Explorations（职业探索）program.”
Doctor Landon talked about how important grades were and how he tried hard with math when he was a kid. But Emma didn’t listen carefully until a word caught her attention. Horse.
“On most days of a week, I travel across the county to take care of horses. It is a lot of work, but I love it.
Emma’s mouth fell open. “What a life that is, she thought. At that moment, Emma could see her future. She was going to be a vet and take care of horses too!
After school, Emma made new plans. She would spend an hour studying math before riding Star. She also decided to spend half an hour every night studying science even if she didn’t have any homework. Doctor Landon said those were important subjects to study if you wanted to be a vet.
When Emma walked into the house, she told her parents about her new plans. They were both surprised. “I had a talk with her last week. I told her she needed to work harder if she wanted to get into a good college. I guess she is taking my advice, ”her dad said to her mom.
Emma smiled. She didn’t remember what her dad said. Maybe she would tell them about her dream tomorrow.
24．What was the problem with Emma?
A．She wasn’t very clever. B．She was always daydreaming.
C．She didn’t understand her teacher. D．She often forgot to do her homework.
25．Emma was interested in Doctor Landon’s ________.
A．work as a vet B．grades at school C．advice on study D．travelling experiences
26．Why did Emma make new plans?
A．She had a lot of homework to do.
B．She wanted to get into a good college.
C．She realized she must study hard for her dream.
D．She was afraid Mrs. James would talk to her parents.
Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying. But why does teaching help?
Researchers led by Aloysius Wei Lun Koh did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher’s learning because it forces the teacher to retrieve（检索）what they’ve learned. In other words, they believe that bringing to mind what we’ve learned leads to deeper and longer-lasting acquisition（获得）of that information than spending more time re-studying.
The researchers asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them. They told the students they could take notes while studying, but would teach the material afterwards without notes. After studying the text, the students were divided into four groups. In one group the students spent five minutes delivering a lesson on the study material without notes. The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic（算术）problems, teaching with a script（讲稿）or writing down all they could remember from the text-a form of retrieval practice. A week later, all the students returned to the lab for a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group outperformed the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script. In fact,the performance of the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group was comparable.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by retrieval practice; that is, the learning-by-teaching method works only when the teaching involves retrieving the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning-by-teaching method is used in education. In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material, they should internalize（内化）the material before presenting it to others, rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
27．Why did the researchers do the study?
A．To compare different methods of learning.
B．To test whether teaching can improve learning.
C．To find out the reason why people like teaching.
D．To check the reason for learning-by-teaching effect.
28．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．how long the study lasted B．who took part in the study
C．what result the study showed D．how the study was performed
29．What can we learn from the study?
A．Teaching with a script is the best way of learning.
B．Teaching benefits learning because of retrieval practice.
C．Solving arithmetic problems is harder than doing other tasks.
D．Presenting with notes can help students remember a material.
Technology has done our world wonders: from development in medicine, travel, communication, to our day-to-day lives. It has undoubtedly changed the way our society works, and how we communicate with one another and ourselves. However, by completely welcoming technology as a part of everyday life, are we losing our ability to create?
Technology presents a new platform for creativity to exist(存在)on. Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life in the physical world. We have the necessary tools for greater possibilities and new solutions. For example, businesses now have the opportunity to improve themselves more creatively through websites, film advertisements,social media or radio.
However, when we look more closely, it’s easy to notice some disadvantages. For example, many of us depend so heavily on automated calculations(自动计算)nowadays, rather than taking the time to work it out for ourselves. Another obvious situation is that a lot of people are spending too much time on screens. As a result, they are reducing the opportunities to come up with their own creations.
Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology. The first way is to reduce our usage of digital devices(数字设备)by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them,turning off the notifications(通知)on your phone, or putting your phone on “Do Not Disturb”. Once you become used to these, you will feel surprised how little you think about your phone.
Another wonderful way is to take daily walks in the nature. It can help you reset, rebalance, and keep going. In the long run, a daily walk can not only influence our creativity and imagination but further our physical and mental(思想的)health. We can also develop our creativity by doing yoga, keeping a journal, or reading.
The key to the survival(生存)of our creativity starts with us. Will you put your phone away when spending time with friends? Will you try to find happiness and purpose outside of a screen? The actions you choose to take will help change the relationship between creativity and technology for the better.
30．Why does the writer talk about businesses in Paragraph 2?
A．To stress the importance of creativity.
B．To suggest good ways to develop technology.
C．To show the effect that technology has on creativity.
D．To explain the relationship between business and creativity.
31．The word “deterred”in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．examined B．controlled C．replaced D．prevented
32．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．limiting the usage of our phones can help us develop creativity
B．spending time on screens is the easiest way to keep people happy
C．turning off the notifications on the phone will make people worried
D．a daily walk does more good to physical health than to mental health
33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Technology: How Does It Help Develop Creativity?
B．Creativity in a World of Technology: Does It Exist?
C．Technology and Creativity: Which Is More Important?
D．Technology and Creativity: How Do They Influence Each Other?
2021年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
Many young people write about their hometown heroes who made a big influence on them during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病). Let’s read what they have written.
My hometown hero is my older brother, Jack. He always wants to help. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he volunteered his time at the hospital. He went to visit our grandma to make sure she was okay. He also made care packages for families in the community.
My mom does everything she can to help our family and other people. She made masks (口罩) for hospital workers. It took her five days to make them all. On April 14, 2020, she went to the hospital to give blood. And she also gave money to the Pet Society to help dogs, cats and other animals.
My parents are my heroes because they delivered mails and packages during the COVID-19 pandemic. They walked several miles a day and helped many people. There were some medicines and things people couldn’t get at stores in the packages.
My hometown hero is my mother. She works in a supermarket. She not only took good care of me, but also helped with my schoolwork. She thought it was her duty to keep me safe and my life normal during this pandemic. And she made it.
21．Who is William’s hometown hero?
A．His brother. B．His grandma. C．His mother. D．His father.
22．What did Addie’s mom do during the COVID-19 pandemic?
A．She bought medicines for others. B．She gave money to help people.
C．She gave blood at the hospital. D．She took care of her grandma.
23．Grace thinks her mom is ________.
A．a responsible parent B．a hardworking worker C．a skilled teacher D．a helpful volunteer
School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world. Three girls, Kristen, Jenna and Marisa from New York, learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e-waste, short for electronic waste. The girls learned some dangerous chemicals (化学品) in e-waste can harm the environment and people.
Later in the year, they had to come up with an idea for a science project. They remembered the interesting topic from their test. So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e-waste. They called themselves the E-Waste Girls.
“In our town, people recycle paper, plastic and glass, but not electronics. What can we do?” asked Marisa.
“How about asking our friends if they know how to recycle e-waste?” suggested Jenna.
The girls asked their friends, and nobody had heard anything about it. Many of their teachers didn’t know either. So they taught everyone, including their teachers, to learn about properly recycling e-waste. Then they put recycling boxes in the school hall and asked the students to collect old cell phones, radios and other items. When the boxes were full, they sent them to a special recycling center. The recyclers took out the dangerous chemicals and disposed (处理) of them properly, so that they don’t go into the air or the ground or the water.
One big way people can help reduce e-waste is by buying smartly. So the girls strongly suggested considering electronics made with” fewer dangerous chemicals and choosing electronics that will last several years.
The girls’ project also helped them become finalists in the We Can Change the World Challenge, a national student, competition. The E-Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.
24．How did the E-Waste Girls first learn about e-waste?
A．A friend told them about it. B．Recyclers taught them about it.
C．They read about it in a reading test. D．A teacher talked about it in a science class.
25．Why did the E-Waste Girls start a recycling drive?
A．To set up a recycling center in the town. B．To take part in a national student competition.
C．To encourage people to buy electronics smartly. D．To teach people how to properly recycle e-waste.
26．The E-Waste Girls’ story mainly tells us that ________.
A．recycling e-waste is really difficult B．students can help to change the world
C．students should do more science projects D．competitions bring students a bright future
Do you have trouble remembering things you’ve read? Scientists at RMIT University in Australia have come up with a new font (字体) that can help you remember—by making words harder to read.
Fonts are used to make letters look a certain way on computers or in books. If you’re writing a report, you can give a different look to the words in your report by choosing a different font. For example, you can make them look like they might look in a book, or you can make them look like handwriting.
Scientists have discovered that people often remembered things better if it was a little bit harder for them to read. The scientists learned that if you are reading words that are difficult to recognize, your brain has to work a little bit harder to make sense of the words that your eyes are seeing. This extra work helps your brain remember the ideas better.
Sans Forgetica
Now scientists at RMIT in Australia have taken this idea and created a font just for remembering things. I he font, called “Sans Forgetica”, is a little bit harder to read, on purpose.
The name of the font is a joke of sorts, “Sans” means “without”. When it’s used for fonts, “Sans” usually describes a font with simple lines. “Forgetica” sounds like the famous font “Helvetica”. But taken together, the name “Sans Forgetica” means “Without Forgetting”.
There are two main things that make the font harder to read and easier to remember. Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps (缺口) in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them. This makes readers slow down and pay attention to what they read.
The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words written in italics—letters that slant toward the right. Stephen Banham, who helped create Sans Forgetica says, “Backslants are only used in maps to show the position (位置) of rivers.”
27．Why was Sans Forgetica created?
A．To help people recognize difficult words. B．To help students practice handwriting.
C．To help students write special reports. D．To help people remember things.
28．What idea have the scientists taken to create Sans Forgetica?
A．Reading words with more letters exercises brains.
B．The font with simple lines helps people read quickly.
C．Working hard to recognize words improves memory.
D．People like to read things that are a little hard for them.
29．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Letters in Sans Forgetica font slant toward the right.
B．Letters that slant toward the left are uncommonly used.
C．Gaps in letters make people interested in what they read.
D．The brain pays no attention to the gaps in Sans Forgetica font.
We’ve all felt confused before. The feeling of not knowing what the answers or solutions are can make us feel useless, stupid, and cause us to worry.
People are often likely to think the person who has all of the answers is smarter than the one who asks a lot of questions. As a result, people often try to hide their confusion in different ways. People sometimes act as if they have the answers. At other times, people make guesses or create an answer even if they know it isn’t right.
But confusion might actually be a good thing. When we jump to an answer, we don’t have time to explore (探索) the thing we’re confused about. Instead of paying no attention to your confusion, accepting it and taking the opportunity to think about what’s confusing can benefit our learning. In fact, scientific studies show that confusion actually leads to deeper understanding. A 2004 study explored six moods that people feel while learning, including upset, bored, and confused. They found that students who spent more of the lesson confused learned the most. In another study, scientists tried to confuse students by giving them contradicting (矛盾的) information. Students who expressed confusion during the lesson did better on the final test. Not knowing the answer to a problem gives us space to look at different ways to solve it. The feeling of confusion also encourages us to look more deeply into the problem. In the end, this helps us understand the topic on a deeper level.
Confusion is also important for learning your identity (身份). People find out their identity in two steps. The first step is exploration, where you try out different groups and values and see what fits. The next step is commitment, when you decide firmly (坚定地) about some parts of your identity. You make up your mind that you will act in a way that fits your identity. Exploring your identity can feel very confusing. But a study found, that people who do the most exploring about who they are have better outcomes such as higher self- confidence and self-esteem (自尊) later in life.
So, instead of trying to hide your confusion, try a new method, ask for help, or research different ways to deal with the problem to work through your confusion.
30．Why does a person try to hide his confusion?
A．Because he wants others to make good judgement on him.
B．Because he has good ability to guess and create an answer.
C．Because hiding his confusion helps him work out a solution.
D．Because telling others his confusion will make them confused.
31．What is the finding of the studies in Paragraph 3?
A．Good understanding leads to less confusion.
B．Confusion can have helpful effect on learning.
C．Digging deeply into a problem may cause confusion.
D．Confusion prevents the development of self-confidence.
32．The word “commitment” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．promise B．imagination C．challenge D．argument
33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To call on readers to study confusion on a deeper level.
B．To tell readers about the research results on confusion.
C．To explain to readers it’s normal to feel confused.
D．To encourage readers to clear up their confusion.
答案：
2023年北京市东城区中考一模英语试题
A篇【答案】
【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】D
【解析】推理判断题。
（1）根据Tracy likes to go swimming when she is free. She also wants to find a trainer who can help and encourage her to work hard.（特雷西有空的时候喜欢去游泳。她还想找一个能帮助和鼓励她努力工作的教练。）可知说的是游泳教练，结合选项，应说"史蒂夫的健身房在该地区以提供最好的健康和健身服务而闻名。您可以在我们的标准游泳池放松身心，或在健身房使用最新的设备，您还可以得到我们熟练的教练团队的支持。"故选B。
（2）根据Steve is returning to exercise after hurting his leg.He is busy at work and needs a personal trainer who can help him any day.（史蒂夫腿部受伤后正在恢复锻炼。他正忙于工作，需要一位随时可以帮助他的私人教练。）可知说的是私人教练，结合选项，应说"JDC体育馆。我们每周七天在健身房或您更方便的地方提供一对一的培训课程。您将获得力量和健康，并得到我们经验丰富的私人教练的帮助。"故选A。
（3）根据Leo is new to the area and wants to get fit.He is more interested in team sports and would like to make friends as well.（利奥是这个地区的新手，他想健身。他对团队运动更感兴趣，也想交朋友。）可知说的是团队运动，结合选项，应说"特别运动提供了一个现代化的健身房与最新的设备。你也可以尝试团体项目，比如五人足球或篮球。在比赛结束后的咖啡馆里了解你的队员。"故选D。
（1）特雷西有空的时候喜欢去游泳。她还想找一个能帮助和鼓励她努力工作的教练。——史蒂夫的健身房在该地区以提供最好的健康和健身服务而闻名。您可以在我们的标准游泳池放松身心，或在健身房使用最新的设备，您还可以得到我们熟练的教练团队的支持。
（2）史蒂夫腿部受伤后正在恢复锻炼。他正忙于工作，需要一位随时可以帮助他的私人教练。——JDC体育馆。我们每周七天在健身房或您更方便的地方提供一对一的培训课程。您将获得力量和健康，并得到我们经验丰富的私人教练的帮助。
（3）利奥是这个地区的新手，他想健身。他对团队运动更感兴趣，也想交朋友。——特别运动提供了一个现代化的健身房与最新的设备。你也可以尝试团体项目，比如五人足球或篮球。在比赛结束后的咖啡馆里了解你的队员。
做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
B篇
22~24.【答案】C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段In fact，it was unpleasant，especially at the beginning.（事实上，它并不愉快，尤其是开始的时候。）可知在开始的时候，作者觉得工作并不愉快。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段If I didn't want to do the work，these grown-ups wouldn't try
to force me to do it.It was up to me to push myself.（如果我不想做这项工作，这些成年人就不会强迫我做。由我来鞭策自己。）可知作者不想做这份工作的时候，是她自己促使自己坚持。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段My time at the hotel also taught me that you can learn
new skills from any kind of work（我在酒店的时间也教会了我，你可以从任何类型的工作中学习新技能）以及I was looking for something a lot more challenging（我在寻找更多挑战），可知作者是一个乐于接受新事物的人。故选D。
本文讲述作者在酒店做兼职的经历。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
C篇
25~27.【答案】C、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段Originality is always considered the heart of writing.（独创性总是被认为是写作的核心。）可知创造性是写作中最重要的。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段Doing research has helped many writers create more interesting
and realistic stories.（做研究帮助许多作家创作了更多有趣和现实的故事。）可知作者认为作家应该对所写的东西进行研究。故选A。
Maybe this is a dream you've had ever since you were young.But writing for a living is not easy，and before you start，you should be sure that you are doing it for the right reasons and go in
with your eyes open. （你考虑过当作家吗？也许这是你从小就有的梦想。但是以写作为生并不容易，在你开始之前，你应该确定你是为了正确的理由而写作，并且睁大你的眼睛去写作。）及全文可知文章介绍了如何成为一名作家。所以B项最适合做文章标题。故选B。
文章介绍了如何成为一名作家。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
D篇
28~31.【答案】D、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第六段The results showed that participants who had seen a note
of gratitude were more willing to correct mistakes and help out，and more likely to want to
become friends with the reviewer，than those who hadn't.（结果显示，相比那些没有看到感谢条的参与者，看到感谢条的参与者更愿意纠正错误和提供帮助，也更有可能想和评论者成为朋友。）可知看到感谢信的参与者改正了更多的错误。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段The results showed that participants who had seen a note
of gratitude were more willing to correct mistakes and help out，and more likely to want to
become friends with the reviewer，than those who hadn't.（结果显示，相比那些没有看到感谢条的参与者，看到感谢条的参与者更愿意纠正错误和提供帮助，也更有可能想和评论者成为朋友。）可知D项"艾米想和约翰交朋友，因为他很感谢她。"符合研究结果，受到感谢的人和发出感谢的人成为了朋友。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第八段These findings show that expressing gratitude not only
strengthens the relationships between the people involved but also influences the people who see it in ways that could reverberate throughout a group .（这些发现表明，表达感激不仅能加强相关人员之间的关系，还能影响那些______的人。）可知reverberate throughout a group意为对群体中的每个人都有影响。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Being thankful and expressing it to others is good for our health
and happiness.It also helps us build trust and closer relationships with the people around us.
（感恩并向他人表达对我们的健康和幸福有好处。它还帮助我们与周围的人建立信任和更密切的关系。）及全文可知文章通过实验告诉我们要经常表达感激之情。所以作者写文章的主要目的是鼓励人们对他人表示感谢。故选C。
文章通过实验告诉我们要经常表达感激之情。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
2022年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
21．A 22．D 23．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了四个对世界产生影响的孩子。
21．细节理解题。根据“Cash Daniels, 12, clears rubbish from local rivers”可知Cash Daniels帮助清理河流。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“He has collected over 500,000 books for kids”可知他为孩子收集了50多万本书。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据“Lino encourages others to come up with ideas for inventions”可知他鼓励其他孩子有发明创意。故选B。
24．B 25．A 26．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了Emma想要成为一名兽医，为此她刻苦努力学习。
24．细节理解题。根据“Emma, you’re such a smart girl, but you’re always daydreaming.”可知，Emma总是白日做梦，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据“What a life that is, she thought. At that moment, Emma could see her future. She was going to be a vet and take care of horses too!”可知，Emma对兽医工作感兴趣，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据“Doctor Landon said those were important subjects to study if you wanted to be a vet.”可知，Emmay意识到要想实现她的梦想，就必须努力学习，故选C。
27．D 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文主要通过实验证明了教学为什么有帮助。
27．细节理解题。根据“Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. ”和“But why does teaching help?”可知，此项研究是为了检查“教与学”效果的原因，故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，主要讲述了研究是如何开展的，故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据“The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by retrieval practice”可知，教学得益于检索实践，故选B。
30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了技术会不会阻碍我们的创造力，作者就此提出了自己的一些建议与看法。
30．推理判断题。根据“Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life in the physical world.”可知，通过技术，思想可以得到解放，并在现实世界中变得有生命，可见强调了技术对创造力的影响，故选C。
31．词句猜测题。根据“Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity?”和“It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology.”可知，在技术和人类创造力之间找到平衡，确保创造力不被技术阻止，因此“deterred”意为“prevented”，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“The first way is to reduce our usage of digital devices（数字设备）by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them,turning off the notifications（通知）on your phone, or putting your phone on “Do Not Disturb”. ”可知，限制手机的使用可以帮助我们发展创造力，故选A。
33．最佳标题题。根据“However, by completely welcoming technology as a part of everyday life, are we losing our ability to create?”可知，本文主要讲述了技术会不会阻碍我们的创造力，选项“Creativity in a World of Technology: Does It Exist?”符合句意，故选B。
2021年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
【答案】
21． A 22．C 23．A
【解析】
21．
细节理解题。根据“William，My hometown hero is my older brother, Jack. ”可知，William的家乡英雄是他的哥哥Jack，故选A。
22．
细节理解题。根据“On April 14, 2020, she went to the hospital to give blood.”可知，Addie的妈妈在COVID-19疫情期间去医院献血。故选C。
23．
推理判断题。根据“She thought it was her duty to keep me safe and my life normal during this pandemic. And she made it.”可知，Grace认为她妈妈在COVID-19疫情期间，尽到了她的职责，保证了她的安全和正常生活，因此认为她是一位有责任心的父母，故选A。
【答案】
24．C 25．D 26．B
【解析】
24．
细节理解题。根据“learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e-waste, short for electronic waste.”可知，女孩们一开始是从她们参加的一项阅读测试中知道了电子垃圾的，故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据“So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e-waste.”可知，“电子垃圾女孩”发起一项回收运动，是为了帮助其他学生和社区学习如何正确回收电子垃圾，故选D。
26．
主旨大意题。根据“School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world.”以及“The E-Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.”结合文章内容，可知“电子垃圾女孩”发起的这个项目，帮助人们改变了世界，由此可知B选项符合题意，故选B。
【答案】
27．D 28．C 29．B
【解析】
27．
细节理解题。根据“Scientists at RMIT University in Australia have come up with a new font (字体) that can help you remember—by making words harder to read.”可知，发明这种新的字体是为了帮助记忆。故选D。
28．
推理判断题。根据“Scientists have discovered that people often remembered things better if it was a little bit harder for them to read…This extra work helps your brain remember the ideas better.”可知，如果你在读难以识别的单词，你的大脑就必须更加努力地工作，才能理解你眼睛看到的单词。这些额外的工作可以帮助你的大脑更好地记住这些想法。也就是只有通过努力的识别单词提高记忆力，再由“Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps (缺口) in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them.”可知，大脑必须通过填补这些字母上的缺口才能识别它们，由此来加深记忆，C选项“努力识别单词可以提高记忆力”符合题意。故选C。
29．
推理判断题。根据“The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words written in italics—letters that slant toward the right. Stephen Banham, who helped create Sans Forgetica says, “Backslants are only used in maps to show the position (位置) of rivers.” ”可知，这种字体是与普通的斜体字不同，它是向后倾斜的，即向左倾斜，并且只在地图上用来显示河流的位置。说明这种字母不常被使用，故选B。
【答案】
30．A 31．B 32．A 33．D
【解析】
30．
细节理解题。根据“People are often likely to think the person who has all of the answers is smarter than the one who asks a lot of questions. As a result, people often try to hide their confusion in, different ways. People sometimes act as if they have the answers. At other times, people make guesses or create an answer even if they know it isn’t right.”可知，人们往往会认为拥有所有答案的人比问很多问题的人更聪明。因此，人们常常试图用不同的方式来掩饰自己的困惑，因此他们掩盖自己的困惑是希望别人对他做出正面的判断，让别人认为他们是聪明的。故选A。
31．
推理判断题。根据“In fact, scientific studies show that confusion actually leads to deeper understanding…Students who expressed confusion during the lesson did better on the final test.”可知，科学研究表明困惑实际上会导致更深的理解，在课堂上表达困惑的学生在期末考试中表现得更好。由此可知，困惑对学习有帮助。故选B。
32．
词义猜测题。根据“when you decide firmly (坚定地) about some parts of your identity. You make up your mind that you will act in a way that fits your identity.”可知，当你坚定地决定你身份的某些部分时。你下定决心要以符合自己身份的方式行事。及对自己某些部分做出承诺后，要以某种对应的方式来行事，所以单词“commitment”指的是“承诺”，故选A。
33．
主旨大意题。根据“So, instead of trying to hide your confusion, try a new method, ask for help, or research different ways to deal with the problem to work through your confusion.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是鼓励人们与其试图掩盖困惑，不如尝试一种新方法，寻求帮助，或者研究不同的方法来处理问题，从而克服困惑。故选D。
北京市东城区
2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年北京市东城区中考一模英语试题
三、 阅读理解(每题2分, 共26分)
(一)信息匹配。下面的材料介绍了四家健身房。请根据21—23小题中描述的Tracy, Steve和 Leo 三人的健身需求, 帮他们选择一家最合适的健身房。
A
A. JDC Gym
We offer one-to-one training programmes seven days a week at the gym or at a place that's more convenient to you. You will build strength and fitness and get help with any injuries (损伤)from our experienced personal trainers.
B. Stevie's Gym
Stevie's Gym is well known in the area for offering the best in everything to do with health and fitness. Relax in our standard swimming pool or use the latest equipment (器材)in the gym. You can also get support from our skilled team of trainers.
C. Central Fitness and Leisure
We are one of the largest centres in the area. Members can try different activities at our 24-hour gym. There is also a 400-metre running track(跑道)where you can compete with other members every month.
D. Sport Special
Sport Special provides a modern gym with the latest equipment. You can also try group events such as five-a-side football or basketball. Get to know your team members in the cafe after the match.
21. Tracy likes to go swimming when she is free. She also wants to find a trainer who can help and encourage her to work hard.
22. Steve is returning to exercise after hurting his leg. He is busy at work and needs a personal trainer who can help him any day.
23. Leo is new to the area and wants to get fit. He is more interested in team sports and would like to make friends as well.
(二)阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
B
My First Job
When I was 16, I got a weekend job as a cleaner in a hotel. It paid the usual payment of £5 an hour. Anyway, cleaning couldn't be that difficult, could it?
There was a lot more to the job than you might expect.
First, I'd collect all the things I needed and put them in my cart.
Then I set to work on cleaning the rooms. I made the beds, cleaned the baths, and did some other work. It wasn't fun. In fact, it was unpleasant, especially at the beginning. The first time I made a bed, I didn't do it correctly, and the manager made me do it all over again. One of my workmates showed me what to do and I took notes, just like I did in school. It took ages for me to get it right but when I did, I felt happy and confident.
Although it wasn't well paid, the job enabled me to party with my friends. It wasn't just the money that made it all worthwhile. For the first time I was able to spend time with adults other than my parents and teachers. If I didn't want to do the work, these grown-ups wouldn't try to force me to do it. It was up to me to push myself. That was one very important lesson for me to learn and one I never got taught in school.
My time at the hotel also taught me that you can learn new skills from any kind of work, even a job you never thought you'd do. And at the same time, it showed me where I didn't want to be in the future. And I didn't want to be in a hotel cleaning for the rest of my life. I was looking for something a lot more challenging.
24. What did the writer think of her job when she started doing it?
A. Interesting. B. Easy. C. Unpleasant. D. Unimportant.
25. Who pushed the writer to work when she didn't want to?
A. The writer herself. B. Her parents.
C. The hotel manager. D. Her workmates.
26. From the story, we know that the writer ____________.
A. regretted doing the job B. disliked her workmates
C. was satisfied with the payment D. was open to learning new things
C
Have you considered being a writer? Maybe this is a dream you've had ever since you were young. But writing for a living is not easy, and before you start, you should be sure that you are doing it for the right reasons and go in with your eyes open.
To be a writer, you need to get used to being alone. A writer must be ready to spend at least five hours a day alone, often in front of the computer. At the same time, remember that good stories are created through a lot of effort.
Another question might be how to tell if you have a talent for writing. Perhaps you always got good grades at school for your writing, or you worked on school newspapers, or won prizes for your writing. Perhaps you may have had articles published (出版) in magazines. This shows you have good writing skills.
Originality is always considered the heart of writing. It is important that tired old ideas and words do not appear in your writing. From the first page, the story should be like nothing anyone has ever read before. Try to surprise your reader at every turn and make your reader say, "Wow! I never expected that to happen!"
Even though there are a lot of challenges, if you still want to be a writer, here are some ideas that might help. First, remember that your first draft (草稿)will never be perfect. The value of the first draft may be to start developing and organizing your ideas. Many successful writers write, rewrite, and rewrite again.
When you write, put yourself in the place of the reader. Try to write stories that you would like to read yourself. If you are writing a passage only because you have to, your reader is certainly not going to enjoy it. Most, if not all, good writers read as much as possible. When you read other people's work, think about what makes for good writing and use that in your own writing. As a writer, you are a kind of educator. Make sure that you are well-informed about the things you write about.
Doing research has helped many writers create more interesting and realistic stories.
Writing is different for everyone. If writing is really for you, chances are you already know it deep down and have done for some time. If so, good luck!
27. What is the most important thing for a writer?
A. Aloneness. B. Interest. C. Creativity. D. Talent.
28. The writer probably agrees that
A. writers should do research about what is written
B. successful writers should write the first draft perfectly
C. writers should ask readers for advice about what to write
D. good writers should avoid following other writers' writing styles
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Are You Talented at Writing?
B. Do You Want to Be a Writer?
C. Is Writing Different for Everyone?
D. Do You Need Practice to Be a Writer?
D
Being thankful and expressing it to others is good for our health and happiness. It also helps us build trust and closer relationships with the people around us.
These benefits have mostly been seen when two people are involved: one person gives thanks and the other receives thanks. Now, a new study suggests that expressing gratitude (感谢) not only improves one-to-one relationships, but could bring whole groups together—inspiring (激发)a will to help and connect in people who simply see an act of gratitude.
In this study, Sara Algoe and her team ran several experiments to find out how seeing gratitude influences people's feelings toward the thankful person and the person who is thanked.
In one experiment, participants (参与者)were tasked with reading a movie review draft and underlining eye-catching parts for the reviewer's benefit. First they saw an example. Several lines of text were underlined, as the task required, but many mistakes were also corrected, showing effort that went beyond the task. Some participants could see a handwritten note from the reviewer saying, "Thank you so much for catching those mistakes!"
Afterward, participants underlined parts in another article by the reviewer. Then researchers counted how many mistakes participants corrected, and asked them how much they might like to be friends with the reviewer.
The results showed that participants who had seen a note of gratitude were more willing to correct mistakes and help out, and more likely to want to become friends with the reviewer, than those who hadn't.
Algoe and her team also discovered from other survey questions that participants wanted to help and connect with the person receiving the gratitude. "That's because receiving gratitude marks you as a person who is effective at being supportive or helpful, " says Algoe.
These findings show that expressing gratitude not only strengthens the relationships between the people involved but also influences the people who see it in ways that could reverberate throughout a group. If people in a group notice others' good acts and thank them for their kindnesses, the whole group could be encouraged to be kinder to one another.
Does this mean we should all express gratitude more often? Yes. We can give a hug, bring a gift of flowers, or just say thank you. Gratitude expression seems to be a special kind of emotional experience that is great for building relationships.
30. What do we know about the experiment?
A. Participants tried to make friends with the reviewer.
B. Participants were asked to write a movie review draft.
C. Participants were thanked for underlining eye-catching parts.
D. Participants who saw a thank-you note corrected more mistakes.
31. Which of the following best matches the findings of the study?
A. Tony is thanked a lot because he always helps others.
B. Susan and Mike are friends and they always help each other.
C. Linda is supportive in a group and becomes the group leader.
D. Amy wants to be friends with John because he is thanked a lot.
32. The words "reverberate throughout a group" in Paragraph 8 probably mean"_____________".
A. attract more people to join a group
B. have an effect on everyone in a group
C. help group members develop their strengths
D. provide opportunities for everyone in a group
33. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To introduce how to express gratitude properly.
B. To explain why people show and receive gratitude.
C. To encourage people to show thankfulness to others.
D. To remind people of the importance of helping others.
2022年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
三、阅读单选
Kids can make a difference to the world. Here are stories about four amazing kids.
Cash Daniels, 12, clears rubbish from local rivers. 25 kids often join him for the clean-ups. They have collected over 11,000 pounds of rubbish from the rivers. Cash also runs a recycling program to collect cans from businesses. So far, he has recycled over 2,000 pounds of them.
Orion Jean, 11, started to do good deeds to others after winning the National Kindness Speech Competition in 2020. He organizes events to provide food, toys and books for people in need. He has collected over 500,000 books for kids, and over 100,000 meals for local families.
Lino Marrero, 14, invented the Kinetic Kickz 2. 0. It’s something that fits into the sole（鞋底）of a shoe. It collects wasted energy from walking. Then people can use it to power up mobile phones. Lino encourages others to come up with ideas for inventions while solving everyday problems.
Samirah Horton, 13, is known as DJ Annie Red. She started to perform when she was 6. Through her music, she helps kids of all ages to stand up to bullying（欺凌）. She also reads her book The Bully Stop to kids. It’s based on her song No, You Won’t Bully Me.
21．Who helps clean up local rivers?A．Cash Daniels. B．Orion Jean. C．Lino Marrero. D．Samirah Horton.
22．How many books has Orion Jean collected for kids?
A．Over 2,000. B．Over 11,000. C．Over 100,000. D．Over 500,000.
23．What does Lino Marrero encourage others to do?
A．Help people in need. B．Invent new things.
C．Join recycling programs. D．Stand up to bullying.
Emma Dreams Big
It was warm outside. Emma was looking through the window and thinking of riding her horse Star after school.
“Emma! Could you please turn in your homework?” Mrs. James called her.
“I don’t have my homework with me, Emma turned back and said.” I forgot to put it in my schoolbag after I did it.
“Emma, you’re such a smart girl, but you’re always daydreaming. I may have to talk with your parents, ”Mrs. James said. “Now, class, clear your desks. Let’s welcome our guest, Doctor Landon. He is a vet and he came here today as part of our Career Explorations（职业探索）program.”
Doctor Landon talked about how important grades were and how he tried hard with math when he was a kid. But Emma didn’t listen carefully until a word caught her attention. Horse.
“On most days of a week, I travel across the county to take care of horses. It is a lot of work, but I love it.
Emma’s mouth fell open. “What a life that is, she thought. At that moment, Emma could see her future. She was going to be a vet and take care of horses too!
After school, Emma made new plans. She would spend an hour studying math before riding Star. She also decided to spend half an hour every night studying science even if she didn’t have any homework. Doctor Landon said those were important subjects to study if you wanted to be a vet.
When Emma walked into the house, she told her parents about her new plans. They were both surprised. “I had a talk with her last week. I told her she needed to work harder if she wanted to get into a good college. I guess she is taking my advice, ”her dad said to her mom.
Emma smiled. She didn’t remember what her dad said. Maybe she would tell them about her dream tomorrow.
24．What was the problem with Emma?
A．She wasn’t very clever. B．She was always daydreaming.
C．She didn’t understand her teacher. D．She often forgot to do her homework.
25．Emma was interested in Doctor Landon’s ________.
A．work as a vet B．grades at school C．advice on study D．travelling experiences
26．Why did Emma make new plans?
A．She had a lot of homework to do.
B．She wanted to get into a good college.
C．She realized she must study hard for her dream.
D．She was afraid Mrs. James would talk to her parents.
Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying. But why does teaching help?
Researchers led by Aloysius Wei Lun Koh did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher’s learning because it forces the teacher to retrieve（检索）what they’ve learned. In other words, they believe that bringing to mind what we’ve learned leads to deeper and longer-lasting acquisition（获得）of that information than spending more time re-studying.
The researchers asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them. They told the students they could take notes while studying, but would teach the material afterwards without notes. After studying the text, the students were divided into four groups. In one group the students spent five minutes delivering a lesson on the study material without notes. The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic（算术）problems, teaching with a script（讲稿）or writing down all they could remember from the text-a form of retrieval practice. A week later, all the students returned to the lab for a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group outperformed the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script. In fact,the performance of the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group was comparable.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by retrieval practice; that is, the learning-by-teaching method works only when the teaching involves retrieving the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning-by-teaching method is used in education. In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material, they should internalize（内化）the material before presenting it to others, rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
27．Why did the researchers do the study?
A．To compare different methods of learning.
B．To test whether teaching can improve learning.
C．To find out the reason why people like teaching.
D．To check the reason for learning-by-teaching effect.
28．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．how long the study lasted B．who took part in the study
C．what result the study showed D．how the study was performed
29．What can we learn from the study?
A．Teaching with a script is the best way of learning.
B．Teaching benefits learning because of retrieval practice.
C．Solving arithmetic problems is harder than doing other tasks.
D．Presenting with notes can help students remember a material.
Technology has done our world wonders: from development in medicine, travel, communication, to our day-to-day lives. It has undoubtedly changed the way our society works, and how we communicate with one another and ourselves. However, by completely welcoming technology as a part of everyday life, are we losing our ability to create?
Technology presents a new platform for creativity to exist(存在)on. Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life in the physical world. We have the necessary tools for greater possibilities and new solutions. For example, businesses now have the opportunity to improve themselves more creatively through websites, film advertisements,social media or radio.
However, when we look more closely, it’s easy to notice some disadvantages. For example, many of us depend so heavily on automated calculations(自动计算)nowadays, rather than taking the time to work it out for ourselves. Another obvious situation is that a lot of people are spending too much time on screens. As a result, they are reducing the opportunities to come up with their own creations.
Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology. The first way is to reduce our usage of digital devices(数字设备)by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them,turning off the notifications(通知)on your phone, or putting your phone on “Do Not Disturb”. Once you become used to these, you will feel surprised how little you think about your phone.
Another wonderful way is to take daily walks in the nature. It can help you reset, rebalance, and keep going. In the long run, a daily walk can not only influence our creativity and imagination but further our physical and mental(思想的)health. We can also develop our creativity by doing yoga, keeping a journal, or reading.
The key to the survival(生存)of our creativity starts with us. Will you put your phone away when spending time with friends? Will you try to find happiness and purpose outside of a screen? The actions you choose to take will help change the relationship between creativity and technology for the better.
30．Why does the writer talk about businesses in Paragraph 2?
A．To stress the importance of creativity.
B．To suggest good ways to develop technology.
C．To show the effect that technology has on creativity.
D．To explain the relationship between business and creativity.
31．The word “deterred”in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．examined B．controlled C．replaced D．prevented
32．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．limiting the usage of our phones can help us develop creativity
B．spending time on screens is the easiest way to keep people happy
C．turning off the notifications on the phone will make people worried
D．a daily walk does more good to physical health than to mental health
33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Technology: How Does It Help Develop Creativity?
B．Creativity in a World of Technology: Does It Exist?
C．Technology and Creativity: Which Is More Important?
D．Technology and Creativity: How Do They Influence Each Other?
2021年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
Many young people write about their hometown heroes who made a big influence on them during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病). Let’s read what they have written.
My hometown hero is my older brother, Jack. He always wants to help. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he volunteered his time at the hospital. He went to visit our grandma to make sure she was okay. He also made care packages for families in the community.
My mom does everything she can to help our family and other people. She made masks (口罩) for hospital workers. It took her five days to make them all. On April 14, 2020, she went to the hospital to give blood. And she also gave money to the Pet Society to help dogs, cats and other animals.
My parents are my heroes because they delivered mails and packages during the COVID-19 pandemic. They walked several miles a day and helped many people. There were some medicines and things people couldn’t get at stores in the packages.
My hometown hero is my mother. She works in a supermarket. She not only took good care of me, but also helped with my schoolwork. She thought it was her duty to keep me safe and my life normal during this pandemic. And she made it.
21．Who is William’s hometown hero?
A．His brother. B．His grandma. C．His mother. D．His father.
22．What did Addie’s mom do during the COVID-19 pandemic?
A．She bought medicines for others. B．She gave money to help people.
C．She gave blood at the hospital. D．She took care of her grandma.
23．Grace thinks her mom is ________.
A．a responsible parent B．a hardworking worker C．a skilled teacher D．a helpful volunteer
School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world. Three girls, Kristen, Jenna and Marisa from New York, learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e-waste, short for electronic waste. The girls learned some dangerous chemicals (化学品) in e-waste can harm the environment and people.
Later in the year, they had to come up with an idea for a science project. They remembered the interesting topic from their test. So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e-waste. They called themselves the E-Waste Girls.
“In our town, people recycle paper, plastic and glass, but not electronics. What can we do?” asked Marisa.
“How about asking our friends if they know how to recycle e-waste?” suggested Jenna.
The girls asked their friends, and nobody had heard anything about it. Many of their teachers didn’t know either. So they taught everyone, including their teachers, to learn about properly recycling e-waste. Then they put recycling boxes in the school hall and asked the students to collect old cell phones, radios and other items. When the boxes were full, they sent them to a special recycling center. The recyclers took out the dangerous chemicals and disposed (处理) of them properly, so that they don’t go into the air or the ground or the water.
One big way people can help reduce e-waste is by buying smartly. So the girls strongly suggested considering electronics made with” fewer dangerous chemicals and choosing electronics that will last several years.
The girls’ project also helped them become finalists in the We Can Change the World Challenge, a national student, competition. The E-Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.
24．How did the E-Waste Girls first learn about e-waste?
A．A friend told them about it. B．Recyclers taught them about it.
C．They read about it in a reading test. D．A teacher talked about it in a science class.
25．Why did the E-Waste Girls start a recycling drive?
A．To set up a recycling center in the town. B．To take part in a national student competition.
C．To encourage people to buy electronics smartly. D．To teach people how to properly recycle e-waste.
26．The E-Waste Girls’ story mainly tells us that ________.
A．recycling e-waste is really difficult B．students can help to change the world
C．students should do more science projects D．competitions bring students a bright future
Do you have trouble remembering things you’ve read? Scientists at RMIT University in Australia have come up with a new font (字体) that can help you remember—by making words harder to read.
Fonts are used to make letters look a certain way on computers or in books. If you’re writing a report, you can give a different look to the words in your report by choosing a different font. For example, you can make them look like they might look in a book, or you can make them look like handwriting.
Scientists have discovered that people often remembered things better if it was a little bit harder for them to read. The scientists learned that if you are reading words that are difficult to recognize, your brain has to work a little bit harder to make sense of the words that your eyes are seeing. This extra work helps your brain remember the ideas better.
Sans Forgetica
Now scientists at RMIT in Australia have taken this idea and created a font just for remembering things. I he font, called “Sans Forgetica”, is a little bit harder to read, on purpose.
The name of the font is a joke of sorts, “Sans” means “without”. When it’s used for fonts, “Sans” usually describes a font with simple lines. “Forgetica” sounds like the famous font “Helvetica”. But taken together, the name “Sans Forgetica” means “Without Forgetting”.
There are two main things that make the font harder to read and easier to remember. Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps (缺口) in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them. This makes readers slow down and pay attention to what they read.
The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words written in italics—letters that slant toward the right. Stephen Banham, who helped create Sans Forgetica says, “Backslants are only used in maps to show the position (位置) of rivers.”
27．Why was Sans Forgetica created?
A．To help people recognize difficult words. B．To help students practice handwriting.
C．To help students write special reports. D．To help people remember things.
28．What idea have the scientists taken to create Sans Forgetica?
A．Reading words with more letters exercises brains.
B．The font with simple lines helps people read quickly.
C．Working hard to recognize words improves memory.
D．People like to read things that are a little hard for them.
29．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Letters in Sans Forgetica font slant toward the right.
B．Letters that slant toward the left are uncommonly used.
C．Gaps in letters make people interested in what they read.
D．The brain pays no attention to the gaps in Sans Forgetica font.
We’ve all felt confused before. The feeling of not knowing what the answers or solutions are can make us feel useless, stupid, and cause us to worry.
People are often likely to think the person who has all of the answers is smarter than the one who asks a lot of questions. As a result, people often try to hide their confusion in different ways. People sometimes act as if they have the answers. At other times, people make guesses or create an answer even if they know it isn’t right.
But confusion might actually be a good thing. When we jump to an answer, we don’t have time to explore (探索) the thing we’re confused about. Instead of paying no attention to your confusion, accepting it and taking the opportunity to think about what’s confusing can benefit our learning. In fact, scientific studies show that confusion actually leads to deeper understanding. A 2004 study explored six moods that people feel while learning, including upset, bored, and confused. They found that students who spent more of the lesson confused learned the most. In another study, scientists tried to confuse students by giving them contradicting (矛盾的) information. Students who expressed confusion during the lesson did better on the final test. Not knowing the answer to a problem gives us space to look at different ways to solve it. The feeling of confusion also encourages us to look more deeply into the problem. In the end, this helps us understand the topic on a deeper level.
Confusion is also important for learning your identity (身份). People find out their identity in two steps. The first step is exploration, where you try out different groups and values and see what fits. The next step is commitment, when you decide firmly (坚定地) about some parts of your identity. You make up your mind that you will act in a way that fits your identity. Exploring your identity can feel very confusing. But a study found, that people who do the most exploring about who they are have better outcomes such as higher self- confidence and self-esteem (自尊) later in life.
So, instead of trying to hide your confusion, try a new method, ask for help, or research different ways to deal with the problem to work through your confusion.
30．Why does a person try to hide his confusion?
A．Because he wants others to make good judgement on him.
B．Because he has good ability to guess and create an answer.
C．Because hiding his confusion helps him work out a solution.
D．Because telling others his confusion will make them confused.
31．What is the finding of the studies in Paragraph 3?
A．Good understanding leads to less confusion.
B．Confusion can have helpful effect on learning.
C．Digging deeply into a problem may cause confusion.
D．Confusion prevents the development of self-confidence.
32．The word “commitment” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．promise B．imagination C．challenge D．argument
33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To call on readers to study confusion on a deeper level.
B．To tell readers about the research results on confusion.
C．To explain to readers it’s normal to feel confused.
D．To encourage readers to clear up their confusion.
答案：
2023年北京市东城区中考一模英语试题
A篇【答案】
【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】D
【解析】推理判断题。
（1）根据Tracy likes to go swimming when she is free. She also wants to find a trainer who can help and encourage her to work hard.（特雷西有空的时候喜欢去游泳。她还想找一个能帮助和鼓励她努力工作的教练。）可知说的是游泳教练，结合选项，应说"史蒂夫的健身房在该地区以提供最好的健康和健身服务而闻名。您可以在我们的标准游泳池放松身心，或在健身房使用最新的设备，您还可以得到我们熟练的教练团队的支持。"故选B。
（2）根据Steve is returning to exercise after hurting his leg.He is busy at work and needs a personal trainer who can help him any day.（史蒂夫腿部受伤后正在恢复锻炼。他正忙于工作，需要一位随时可以帮助他的私人教练。）可知说的是私人教练，结合选项，应说"JDC体育馆。我们每周七天在健身房或您更方便的地方提供一对一的培训课程。您将获得力量和健康，并得到我们经验丰富的私人教练的帮助。"故选A。
（3）根据Leo is new to the area and wants to get fit.He is more interested in team sports and would like to make friends as well.（利奥是这个地区的新手，他想健身。他对团队运动更感兴趣，也想交朋友。）可知说的是团队运动，结合选项，应说"特别运动提供了一个现代化的健身房与最新的设备。你也可以尝试团体项目，比如五人足球或篮球。在比赛结束后的咖啡馆里了解你的队员。"故选D。
（1）特雷西有空的时候喜欢去游泳。她还想找一个能帮助和鼓励她努力工作的教练。——史蒂夫的健身房在该地区以提供最好的健康和健身服务而闻名。您可以在我们的标准游泳池放松身心，或在健身房使用最新的设备，您还可以得到我们熟练的教练团队的支持。
（2）史蒂夫腿部受伤后正在恢复锻炼。他正忙于工作，需要一位随时可以帮助他的私人教练。——JDC体育馆。我们每周七天在健身房或您更方便的地方提供一对一的培训课程。您将获得力量和健康，并得到我们经验丰富的私人教练的帮助。
（3）利奥是这个地区的新手，他想健身。他对团队运动更感兴趣，也想交朋友。——特别运动提供了一个现代化的健身房与最新的设备。你也可以尝试团体项目，比如五人足球或篮球。在比赛结束后的咖啡馆里了解你的队员。
做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
B篇
22~24.【答案】C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段In fact，it was unpleasant，especially at the beginning.（事实上，它并不愉快，尤其是开始的时候。）可知在开始的时候，作者觉得工作并不愉快。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段If I didn't want to do the work，these grown-ups wouldn't try
to force me to do it.It was up to me to push myself.（如果我不想做这项工作，这些成年人就不会强迫我做。由我来鞭策自己。）可知作者不想做这份工作的时候，是她自己促使自己坚持。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段My time at the hotel also taught me that you can learn
new skills from any kind of work（我在酒店的时间也教会了我，你可以从任何类型的工作中学习新技能）以及I was looking for something a lot more challenging（我在寻找更多挑战），可知作者是一个乐于接受新事物的人。故选D。
本文讲述作者在酒店做兼职的经历。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
C篇
25~27.【答案】C、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段Originality is always considered the heart of writing.（独创性总是被认为是写作的核心。）可知创造性是写作中最重要的。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段Doing research has helped many writers create more interesting
and realistic stories.（做研究帮助许多作家创作了更多有趣和现实的故事。）可知作者认为作家应该对所写的东西进行研究。故选A。
Maybe this is a dream you've had ever since you were young.But writing for a living is not easy，and before you start，you should be sure that you are doing it for the right reasons and go in
with your eyes open. （你考虑过当作家吗？也许这是你从小就有的梦想。但是以写作为生并不容易，在你开始之前，你应该确定你是为了正确的理由而写作，并且睁大你的眼睛去写作。）及全文可知文章介绍了如何成为一名作家。所以B项最适合做文章标题。故选B。
文章介绍了如何成为一名作家。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
D篇
28~31.【答案】D、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第六段The results showed that participants who had seen a note
of gratitude were more willing to correct mistakes and help out，and more likely to want to
become friends with the reviewer，than those who hadn't.（结果显示，相比那些没有看到感谢条的参与者，看到感谢条的参与者更愿意纠正错误和提供帮助，也更有可能想和评论者成为朋友。）可知看到感谢信的参与者改正了更多的错误。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段The results showed that participants who had seen a note
of gratitude were more willing to correct mistakes and help out，and more likely to want to
become friends with the reviewer，than those who hadn't.（结果显示，相比那些没有看到感谢条的参与者，看到感谢条的参与者更愿意纠正错误和提供帮助，也更有可能想和评论者成为朋友。）可知D项"艾米想和约翰交朋友，因为他很感谢她。"符合研究结果，受到感谢的人和发出感谢的人成为了朋友。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第八段These findings show that expressing gratitude not only
strengthens the relationships between the people involved but also influences the people who see it in ways that could reverberate throughout a group .（这些发现表明，表达感激不仅能加强相关人员之间的关系，还能影响那些______的人。）可知reverberate throughout a group意为对群体中的每个人都有影响。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Being thankful and expressing it to others is good for our health
and happiness.It also helps us build trust and closer relationships with the people around us.
（感恩并向他人表达对我们的健康和幸福有好处。它还帮助我们与周围的人建立信任和更密切的关系。）及全文可知文章通过实验告诉我们要经常表达感激之情。所以作者写文章的主要目的是鼓励人们对他人表示感谢。故选C。
文章通过实验告诉我们要经常表达感激之情。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
2022年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
21．A 22．D 23．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了四个对世界产生影响的孩子。
21．细节理解题。根据“Cash Daniels, 12, clears rubbish from local rivers”可知Cash Daniels帮助清理河流。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“He has collected over 500,000 books for kids”可知他为孩子收集了50多万本书。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据“Lino encourages others to come up with ideas for inventions”可知他鼓励其他孩子有发明创意。故选B。
24．B 25．A 26．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了Emma想要成为一名兽医，为此她刻苦努力学习。
24．细节理解题。根据“Emma, you’re such a smart girl, but you’re always daydreaming.”可知，Emma总是白日做梦，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据“What a life that is, she thought. At that moment, Emma could see her future. She was going to be a vet and take care of horses too!”可知，Emma对兽医工作感兴趣，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据“Doctor Landon said those were important subjects to study if you wanted to be a vet.”可知，Emmay意识到要想实现她的梦想，就必须努力学习，故选C。
27．D 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文主要通过实验证明了教学为什么有帮助。
27．细节理解题。根据“Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. ”和“But why does teaching help?”可知，此项研究是为了检查“教与学”效果的原因，故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，主要讲述了研究是如何开展的，故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据“The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by retrieval practice”可知，教学得益于检索实践，故选B。
30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了技术会不会阻碍我们的创造力，作者就此提出了自己的一些建议与看法。
30．推理判断题。根据“Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life in the physical world.”可知，通过技术，思想可以得到解放，并在现实世界中变得有生命，可见强调了技术对创造力的影响，故选C。
31．词句猜测题。根据“Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity?”和“It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology.”可知，在技术和人类创造力之间找到平衡，确保创造力不被技术阻止，因此“deterred”意为“prevented”，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“The first way is to reduce our usage of digital devices（数字设备）by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them,turning off the notifications（通知）on your phone, or putting your phone on “Do Not Disturb”. ”可知，限制手机的使用可以帮助我们发展创造力，故选A。
33．最佳标题题。根据“However, by completely welcoming technology as a part of everyday life, are we losing our ability to create?”可知，本文主要讲述了技术会不会阻碍我们的创造力，选项“Creativity in a World of Technology: Does It Exist?”符合句意，故选B。
2021年北京市东城区中考一模英语试卷
【答案】
21． A 22．C 23．A
【解析】
21．
细节理解题。根据“William，My hometown hero is my older brother, Jack. ”可知，William的家乡英雄是他的哥哥Jack，故选A。
22．
细节理解题。根据“On April 14, 2020, she went to the hospital to give blood.”可知，Addie的妈妈在COVID-19疫情期间去医院献血。故选C。
23．
推理判断题。根据“She thought it was her duty to keep me safe and my life normal during this pandemic. And she made it.”可知，Grace认为她妈妈在COVID-19疫情期间，尽到了她的职责，保证了她的安全和正常生活，因此认为她是一位有责任心的父母，故选A。
【答案】
24．C 25．D 26．B
【解析】
24．
细节理解题。根据“learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e-waste, short for electronic waste.”可知，女孩们一开始是从她们参加的一项阅读测试中知道了电子垃圾的，故选C。
25．
细节理解题。根据“So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e-waste.”可知，“电子垃圾女孩”发起一项回收运动，是为了帮助其他学生和社区学习如何正确回收电子垃圾，故选D。
26．
主旨大意题。根据“School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world.”以及“The E-Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.”结合文章内容，可知“电子垃圾女孩”发起的这个项目，帮助人们改变了世界，由此可知B选项符合题意，故选B。
【答案】
27．D 28．C 29．B
【解析】
27．
细节理解题。根据“Scientists at RMIT University in Australia have come up with a new font (字体) that can help you remember—by making words harder to read.”可知，发明这种新的字体是为了帮助记忆。故选D。
28．
推理判断题。根据“Scientists have discovered that people often remembered things better if it was a little bit harder for them to read…This extra work helps your brain remember the ideas better.”可知，如果你在读难以识别的单词，你的大脑就必须更加努力地工作，才能理解你眼睛看到的单词。这些额外的工作可以帮助你的大脑更好地记住这些想法。也就是只有通过努力的识别单词提高记忆力，再由“Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps (缺口) in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them.”可知，大脑必须通过填补这些字母上的缺口才能识别它们，由此来加深记忆，C选项“努力识别单词可以提高记忆力”符合题意。故选C。
29．
推理判断题。根据“The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words written in italics—letters that slant toward the right. Stephen Banham, who helped create Sans Forgetica says, “Backslants are only used in maps to show the position (位置) of rivers.” ”可知，这种字体是与普通的斜体字不同，它是向后倾斜的，即向左倾斜，并且只在地图上用来显示河流的位置。说明这种字母不常被使用，故选B。
【答案】
30．A 31．B 32．A 33．D
【解析】
30．
细节理解题。根据“People are often likely to think the person who has all of the answers is smarter than the one who asks a lot of questions. As a result, people often try to hide their confusion in, different ways. People sometimes act as if they have the answers. At other times, people make guesses or create an answer even if they know it isn’t right.”可知，人们往往会认为拥有所有答案的人比问很多问题的人更聪明。因此，人们常常试图用不同的方式来掩饰自己的困惑，因此他们掩盖自己的困惑是希望别人对他做出正面的判断，让别人认为他们是聪明的。故选A。
31．
推理判断题。根据“In fact, scientific studies show that confusion actually leads to deeper understanding…Students who expressed confusion during the lesson did better on the final test.”可知，科学研究表明困惑实际上会导致更深的理解，在课堂上表达困惑的学生在期末考试中表现得更好。由此可知，困惑对学习有帮助。故选B。
32．
词义猜测题。根据“when you decide firmly (坚定地) about some parts of your identity. You make up your mind that you will act in a way that fits your identity.”可知，当你坚定地决定你身份的某些部分时。你下定决心要以符合自己身份的方式行事。及对自己某些部分做出承诺后，要以某种对应的方式来行事，所以单词“commitment”指的是“承诺”，故选A。
33．
主旨大意题。根据“So, instead of trying to hide your confusion, try a new method, ask for help, or research different ways to deal with the problem to work through your confusion.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是鼓励人们与其试图掩盖困惑，不如尝试一种新方法，寻求帮助，或者研究不同的方法来处理问题，从而克服困惑。故选D。
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