河南省许昌市2021-2023年中考英语二模试题分类汇编：阅读理解

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河南省许昌市
2021-2023年中考英语二模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年河南省许昌市中考二模英语试题
一、阅读理解（20小题，每小题2分，共40分）
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
Here is an infographic (咨询图表).

根据图表，完成下列各题。
21. Too much sugar can do the following things to us EXCEPT ________.
A. getting fat B. having bad teeth
C. sleeping less well D. making us younger
22. What can we learn about sugar from the infographic?
A. There are 4 g of sugar in 66 g of ice cream.
B. 400 ml of rice milk has less sugar than 400 ml of grape juice.
C. A woman can eat as much sugar a day as a man can.
D. China eats more sugar for each person than the US does.
23. What does “Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks” mean?
A. Sugar can hurt our body.
B. Foods and drinks with sugar are popular with children.
C. We often have more sugar than we can without knowing it.
D. We should have enough sugar to make foods and drinks taste good.
24. The writer wants to ________.
A. make us laugh B. try to teach us skills
C. ask us not to waste time D. advise us to eat healthily
25. Where may we read the text?
A. In a cartoon. B. In a story book.
C. In a health magazine. D. In a guide book.
B
A group of young people often went fishing in a small deep lake. To their surprise, there was a fisherman always fishing in a part of the river not far from the small lake.
The young people thought the fisherman was silly. How could he catch fish in such big waves (波浪)? It was wishful thinking. They thought the old man would leave in a few days, but a month later, the old man was still fishing in the rapid river.
One day, one of the young men asked the fisherman, “I’s impossible to catch fish in these rapid waters. Why are you still here?" the fisherman said nothing, but picked up his basket and put it upside down. Suddenly a number of fish fell off the basket. These fish that were jumping up and down on the ground were so big and fat.
The young man was very surprised. Why did the fisherman catch such big fish in such a turbulent (湍急的) water？
The fisherman smiled and said, “The low oxygen (氧气) in the lake is enough for small fish. But these big fish need to have more oxygen in water. They can only go somewhere with big waves. “The bigger the waves, the more oxygen in the water, and the more big fish.” Again the fisherman said, “Many people think that the places with big waves are not right for fish to live, so they choose to fish in a quiet deep lake. But they are just wrong. Strong winds and waves seem to be the suffering (折磨) for fish，but these sufferings are the natural oxygen feeder for fish. Only through these hardships can fish grow well.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
26. How did the young men like the fisherman at first?
A. Smart. B. Funny. C. Stupid. D. Kind.
27. What did the old man show to the young man?
A. Some big and fat fish. B. An empty basket.
C. Some fresh water. D. A beautiful basket.
28. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “wishful thinking”?
A. 处心积虑 B. 痴心妄想 C. 心想事成 D. 深思熟虑
29. Why are there more big fish in the rivers with big waves according to the fisherman?
A. Because big fish like playing in the waves.
B. Because big fish like the sound which the waves make.
C. Because there is more food in these rivers for big fish to live.
D. Because there is more oxygen in these rivers for big fish to live.
30. What can we learn from the text?
A. Kindness makes one lucky. B. A good beginning makes a good ending.
C. Difficulties make a man stronger. D. Honesty makes a person beautiful.
C
①Every time you feel uncomfortable, you can check yourself by taking your temperature. So, what’s the average (平均的) human body temperature? Well, if you say 37℃,maybe you are wrong. It turns out that the average body temperature has dropped in the past one hundred and fifty years, according to a new study.

②“Everybody knows that our normal temperature is 37℃, but it is wrong,” said Julie Parsonnet, a Stanford University medical professor. She and her team looked at medical data (数据) from three different time periods：1862 to 1930,1971 to 1975, and 2007 to 2017. Comparing the data, they found that body temperature has dropped by about 0. 02℃ every ten years. So what’s the new body temperature? It’s 36. 6℃, says the study.
③As for the reason, one possibility is that living in temperature-controlled buildings has changed our bodies. They don’t need to work hard to keep the temperature normal. Another is less inflammation (炎症) in people’s bodies. Inflammation makes your body use more energy, which increases body temperature. Progress in medical treatments (治疗) and improved standards of living have led to less inflammation in people’s bodies compared to 200 years ago. No matter what the reason is, our bodies are changing.
④Another interesting fact is that men and women have different ideas about what the comfortable temperature is. According to one study, women are comfortable at a temperature of 24-25℃,which is 2. 5℃ higher than the temperature preferred by men. What’s more, studies have shown that as the temperature drops, women’s blood runs slower than men’s.
⑤The human body may have changed over the past hundred years, but one thing that has not changed is that men and women have different feeling about what temperature is comfortable.
31. What is the average human body temperature now?
A. 36. 4℃. B. 37℃. C. 36℃. D. 36. 6℃.
32. What does the underlined word “they” refer to?
A. Our bodies. B. The medical professors.
C. The temperature-controlled buildings. D. Julie Parsonnet and her team.
33. What is the comfortable temperature for men according to the text?
A. 26. 5-27. 5℃ B. 20-21℃ C. 21. 5-22. 5℃. D. 24-25℃
34. What is the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
35. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. How to keep a normal body temperature?
B. Why has human body temperature dropped?
C. Something interesting about human body temperature.
D. Men and women have different feelings about temperature.
D
Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? Sometimes we feel stressed to fit in, and this can lead us to pretend (假装) that we like things more than we actually do. 36.________ It’s important to be honest about your feelings because it can make you happier.
37.________ n. If you want i be alone sometimes, then being true to yourself might mean saying no to your friends who want you to play together. Being true to yourself is when you actions match your real thoughts.
When you keep doing thins we don’t like and ignore (忽视) our thoughts and feeling, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards told THE WEEK Junior, “38.________. If children have this self-awareness (自我意识) then they are more likely not to compromise (妥协) when they are with other people.” They are more likely to be true to themselves.
39.________ What’s more, being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need, and listening to your instinct (本能). 40.________. Remember to stick to your views, thoughts and actions.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A. Children need to know clearly who they are, their values and their beliefs.
B. Finally, you can learn how to be true to yourself by being yourself.
C. Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings.
D. When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.
E. One part of being true to yourself is by learning how to express your ideas and following your beliefs.
36. ________ 37. ________ 38. ________ 39. ________ 40. ________

2022年河南省许昌市中考二模英语试题
六、阅读单选
Still remember the following poems? Memories return every time I read or hear them.
①Once there was a way,
To get back homeward.
Once there was a way,
To get back home.
Sleep pretty darling
Do not cry.
I will sing a lullaby,
Golden slumbers,
Fill your eyes.
Smiles awake you when you rise.
②My mama feeds me,
And washes my fur.
The first thing I see every morning is her.
The last thing I kiss every night is her face.
My mama is the very best one, And sings like a bird,
And knows how I feel.
When I don’t say a word,
My mama is warm.
③ I can set the table.
I can sweep the floor.
I can wash my clothes.
And count to forty-four.  
I can wash dishes.
And clean my bedroom.  
There is so much I can do.
Now ask you.
Notes: 1. lullaby n. 摇篮曲 2. slumber n. 睡眠 3. fur n. 皮毛
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
17．The first poem is sung to _________________.
A．babies B．mothers C．relatives D．friends
18．Which thing isn’t mentioned in the second poem?
A．Mom sings to me. B．Mom feeds me.
C．Mom washes me. D．Mom studies with me.
19．What do you think of “I” in the third poem?
A．Helpful. B．Lucky. C．Crazy. D．Shy.
20．What are the three poems mainly about?
A．Food and health. B．Hobbies and sports.
C．Family and love. D．Animals and humans.
21．Where can you read these poems?
A．The magazine about nature. B．The local newspaper.
C．The website about travel. D．The English book for kids.

Maybe you don’t know Wang Deshun, but you might have seen a picture. A 70-year-old grandpa gave a show on the T stage in a fashion show. The whole world was surprised that the 70s could keep such a perfect body shape. This is not the first time Wang has won the attention of the world. Born in a poor family in Shenyang, Liaoning province, in 1936. Wang Deshun began to work early. His first job was as a bus diver at the age of 20. And then he worked as a factory worker. In 1960, he became an actor and appeared in some films.
Wang continued to challenge himself in his life. At 44, he learned English and at 50, began body training. He learned to ride a horse at 65, to ride a motorcycle（摩托车）at 78, and hit the catwalk（走T台）at 79. When he look part in Beijing Fashion Week, he was regarded as “China’s hottest grandpa”.
Many people believe that it is his brightest and the last moment of his life. However, the 85-year-old grandpa showed them he’s still trying. The white-bearded Wang took light courses in August, and became the oldest person to take fight training in China. Thanks to his many years of exercise, he is healthy enough to get a flight license.
“I’ve been dreaming of flying for more than 50 years, so I thought I should learn. I thought I could do this,” Wang said. “It’s never too old to pursue（追求）your dream,” he added. “Age has never been a hurdle（障碍）. Just do it.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
22．Why did Wang Deshun catch the eyes of the world?
A．Because he took a famous picture.
B．Because his body shape was perfect for his age.
C．Because he won the prize.
D．Because he was too old.
23．When did Wang Deshun begin to work?
A．1936. B．1944. C．1956. D．1960.
24．What did Wang Deshun do when he was in his 80s?
A．He learned to ride a horse. B．He learned to ride a motorcycle.
C．He learned to speak English. D．He learned to fly a plane.
25．According to the passage, which of the following CAN’T we learn from this old man?
A．He always tries to challenge himself.
B．He is not satisfied with everything.
C．He doesn’t stop his way to achieve his dream.
D．He can not be slopped by his age.
26．What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Never too old to shine. B．Never try to fly.
C．Never be a hurdle. D．Never close a door.

Every time when the holiday comes to an end, how many of you haveburned the midnight oil to finish your homework over the last few days? What about during the school year——when you get home from school, do you start working on your homework right away?
It can be hard to be this responsible. A lot of people like to put off difficult tasks until they completely must be done. They’re called procrastinators.
Procrastination is a common problem for many people. In fact, sometimes it just feels easier to wait until the last minute to do certain things. However, this is usually not a good thing, as you have to work harder and faster if you wait until there is little time left. This means your work will probably be of less quality（质量）.
I myself am a bit of a procrastinator. But most of time, I try to finish my work earlier rather than later. It just makes more sense（行得通）——if I finish my work now, I’ll have more time to relax or work on other projects later. It can be hard to encourage myself to get started sometimes. But once I do, the work gets done quickly and with little stress.
Everyone procrastinates from time to time. It’s a natural thing to do. You don’t have to beat yourself up（过分自责）over it. After all, we still need time to relax and take a break from our busy lives. Just make sure you still get your homework done on time.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
27．What does the phrase “burn the midnight oil” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．work fast B．stay up late
C．break a lamp into pieces D．work secretly
28．“Procrastinators” refer to people who __________________.
A．don’t do their homework during vacations
B．often finish their tasks earlier than others
C．put off their work until the last minute
D．are not responsible for the quality of their work
29．What’s the bad effect（影响）of being procrastinators?
A．You will have less time to play. B．You will be too tired.
C．Your work will be done not so well. D．Your work will be done perfectly.
30．What does Paragraph 4 talk about?
A．How the writer usually deals with his work.
B．Why people should all finish their work earlier.
C．How people can stop putting off their work.
D．What the writer does to overcome procrastination.
31．The writer probably agrees that _______________________.
A．it is hard for people to finish work on time
B．procrastination is not a serious problem
C．people feel less stressed after putting off their work
D．people should relax before doing their work


七、阅读还原5选5

Chinese President Xi Jinping once said, “Greatness is forged（铸就）in the ordinary. Heroes come from the people.” ____32____ . On March 3, the 2022, Touching China annual people award ceremony（感动中国年度人物颁奖庆典）aired on CCTV. Su Bingtian is one of them.
Known as China’s fastest man, Su Bingtian made history and brought an unforgettable moment to the world in the summer of 2021. On Aug 1, Su set a new record of 9. 83 seconds at the Tokyo Olympics Men’s 100m semifinals（半决赛）. ____33____ For a long time, some people thought that Asian people were not physically built for sprinting（短跑）. ____34____
Still, it was not easy for Su to succeed. Because of an injury, Su was forced to stop running for several years. He even planned to retire（退休）in 2017. But the call to challenge himself brought Su back to the track（跑道）. ____35____
He realized that finishing the semifinal in less than 10 seconds would give him a chance to enter the final competition. To encourage himself, Su set a personal goal of 9.89 seconds. ____36____ Luckily, he succeeded in the end.
“I hope my performance today could serve as an inspiration for younger athletes in their sporting careers.”
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．The record made him the first Chinese runner to enter the event’s final round.
B．Su’s success shows it’s not true.
C．Every year, here are ordinary people spreading positive energy（正能量）and touching our hearts.
D．He trained even harder than before.
E．He even made this number his password for his phone and computer.

2021年河南省许昌市中考二模英语试题
一、阅读单选
An Experiment Report on Growing Potato Plants
Things prepared:
*a potato that has sprouts*a flower pot with soil
*a camera to record progress

Observation:
Day One
The color of the soil looks darker because I have just watered it. In the center of the pot, I can see a tiny sprout that has grown from the potato under the soil. I’ll call it Buddy. Buddy is green and yellow. I wonder how fast it will grow.
Day Six
Without much change in the past six days, I finally see some new progress on Buddy as it has grown taller. It’s exciting to see new life like this. I hope Buddy can grow faster.
Day Eleven
Buddy is getting larger! Three more new sprouts have grown around Buddy! Green leaves have grown on the new sprouts, but they have not fully grown yet. I guess I need to be a bit more patient.
Day Thirteen
Buddy continues to grow taller. The leaves on the new, sprouts have grown a bit. I’m also excited to see more new sprouts that have grown from under the soil.
Day Fifteen
Finally, the leaves on the other sprouts are 3 cm tall. They’re so green. I hope they will soon grow into new potatoes.
What I have learned
It’s really interesting to grow potatoes. During these fifteen days, I have learned that growing potato plants needs plenty of water. If the soil is dry, the potato will fail to grow. I have also learned that the temperature needs to be right. If it is too cold, it won’t grow.I feel that growing plants is just like trying to succeed with anything in life — it takes not only time, but also lots of efforts and patience.
Word Bankexperiment 实验
sprouts芽
observation观察
soil土壤
Rome罗马
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．The reading material is an experiment report about ________.
A．chemistry B．physics C．biology D．geography
2．How many things did the writer prepare before her experiment?
A．Three. B．Five. C．Seven. D．Nothing.
3．How did the writer feel when she saw the progress of the potato plants?
A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Surprised. D．Unexpected.
4．What can we know from the writer’s experiment report?
A．“Buddy” grew very fast in the first six days.
B．Plenty of water is necessary for growing potato plants.
C．The writer got new potatoes on the fifteenth day of the experiment.
D．Buddy is green and yellow after 15 days.
5．What has the writer learned from the experiment?
A．Old habits die hard. B．Rome wasn’t built in one day.
C．Knowledge comes from questioning. D．Seeing is believing.

It was Day 1 of our vacation on Cortes, a beautiful quiet island. “iPhone, iPhone, iPhone,” my son kept moaning. In front of him was a big window facing the blue ocean. And a cool gentle wind was coming in from the door. Clearly, he saw and felt none of it.
Back at home, I’d soon give up and hand the phone over to him after five minutes of listening to this kind of moaning.
But not here. Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old son the rule—no emails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone. We came here to get away from them all. Here we were on our first day and already, he couldn’t stand it.
________ I walked down the grass road to the beach and looked out to the sea. My 6-year-old daughter and my husband were drawing on pieces of wood. They were doing just fine.
On Day 2, we spent the whole morning digging for shells. This time, my son joined us. He collected shellfish and other sea treasures. When we got back to our little wood house, I gave my son a book, and put him on the lovely garden chair. It was almost dinner when he looked up.
The next few days passed in peace.
On Day 6, my son was lying beside me on the beach, watching the sun going down. He was playing with the sand. And there was something shining in his eyes. I realized how time slowed down for both of us. It was exactly what I wanted. Finally, we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens, phone calls and e-mails.
A week away from all the electronics and life is good.
Word Bankmoan呻吟
shell贝壳
electronic电子产品
screen屏幕
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6．What is the special rule for the writer’s vacation?
A．They couldn’t use their electronics. B．They must keep quiet and stay in the house.
C．They had to spend their vacation on an island. D．They should collect as many shells as possible.
7．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 4?
A．I felt really tired and went to bed. B．I closed the door and stayed with him.
C．I just walked outside to leave him alone. D．I gave him his iPhone and let him stay inside.
8．The change of the son’s feelings can be described as ________.
A．angry—surprised—proud B．exited—peaceful—bored
C．worried—angry—hopeful D．bored—peaceful—pleased
9．What is the method that mother used in the passage?
A．By having conversations with her son. B．By listening to what her son’s need.
C．By making her son experience. D．By setting good examples.
10．The best title for the passage can be ________.
A．A Terrible Life on the Island B．A Special iPhone for My Son
C．A Fight between Mother and Son D．A Vacation Away from Electronics

Careless mistakes can make you feel worse than big ones, simply because they seem so easy to be avoided. It’s important to remember that everyone makes mistakes from time to time, and that’s okay. However, if you’re making lots of careless mistakes, there are a few simple ways to help you.
Realize that making mistakes is normal.
So if you make a mistake, don’t worry. We are humans and we all make mistakes sometimes. Avoid letting yourself down when you make mistakes. Recently psychology studies have shown that there are two common ways that the brain responds after you’ve made a mistake-one says “Pay attention!” which is like a wake-up call when you think “What happened and why?” The second way is more like the brain shuts down, notices the inactive feedback you give yourself as a threat, and then avoids thinking about it completely. People in the second way are more likely to repeat the same type of mistakes over and over again.
Find out what made that careless mistake.
Ask yourself why you might have made a certain type of mistake. Write down how you could have avoided making it in the first place. For example, allowed more time to do this, started this earlier, and stayed more focused on what you were doing, etc.
Stick to a normal sleeping and eating.
It’s amazing how fast lack of sleep can make people forgettable and cause them to feel stressed, which easily leads to careless mistakes. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day, and eat regular, healthy meals around the same time each day.
Tell yourself you will do better next time.
Don’t let a mistake wear you down. There’s no need to be a perfectionist. Don’t make excuses, or beat yourself up. Everyone makes mistakes. It’s how you handle mistakes that is important. Simply think about how you can solve the problem and move on.
Word BankPsychology 心理学
responds 反应
inactive 无作用的，无效的
feedback 反馈
threat 威胁
lack 缺失
perfectionist 完美主义者
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11．Why do careless mistakes make people feel worse than big ones?
A．They are some natural responses. B．They are small mistakes.
C．They can’t help people learn something. D．They can be avoided in some way easily.
12．People who give a response of “Pay attention” are more likely to ________.
A．learn from their mistakes and change their behavior
B．repeat the same types of mistakes over and over again
C．don’t care their mistakes and do whatever they like
D．stick to their own way of doing things
13．According to the passage, the writer probably agrees that ________.
A．it’s okay to make lots of careless mistakes
B．making mistakes is normal by repeating the same mistakes
C．people should know why they make mistakes and make some changes
D．going to bed early easily leads to careless mistakes
14．The underlined word “handle” in the passage probably means “________”.
A．check out B．prepare for C．think of D．deal with
15．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To help students become confident.
B．To help students stop making careless mistakes.
C．To help students realize that making mistakes is normal.
D．To help students solve the problems in the exam.


二、阅读还原5选5
Nirmal Purja has set several world records after climbing the world’s 14 highest mountains in less than seven months.
___16___ Though he was born 1,600 meters above sea level, he didn’t climb any serious mountains until he was 29.
But Mr. Purja, now 36, was trained to be strong. He used to be a soldier in the British army. ___17___ In 2018, he left there to follow his dream of mountain climbing.
There are only 14 mountains in the world that are higher than 8, 000 meters. Mr. Purja had already climbed several of them. ___18___ The old record for climbing the 14 mountains was seven years, ten months and six days. It was set by South Korean climber Kim Chang-ho in 2013.
Mr. Purja named his challenge “Project Possible”. ___19___ On October 29, just a little more than six months after he started, Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain.
Though Mr. Purja completed his challenge unbelievably quickly, it wasn’t easy. For example, during one day of climbing Shishapangma, Mr. Purja and his team climbed for 15 hours non-stop. They had to deal with winds as fast as 75 kilometers per hour.
Mr. Purja believes his strong physical condition and his training as a soldier helped him. ___20___ “People are only limited by their imagination,” he says. “If you don’t dream, then you won’t do it.”
Word Banksoldier士兵
record记录
limit 限制
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Mr. Purja was born in Nepal, in the Himalayas.
B．In the army, he had special training for fighting in very cold weather.
C．He began on April 23, by climbing Annapurna in Nepal.
D．His goal was to climb all of them in less than seven months.
E．He also hopes his efforts will inspire others.
答案：
2023年河南省许昌市中考二模英语试题
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们每天所摄入的糖含量、所需的糖含量以及糖对我们的危害。
1．细节理解题。根据信息图中的“What does sugar do to our body? ”栏可知，吃太多糖会导致“holes in our teeth，getting fat，sleeping less well，looking older than our age”，因此并不能让我们看上去更年轻。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据图示可知，一个66克冰激凌里有16克糖，400毫升的米浆里的糖含量比400毫升的葡萄汁要少16克，一个女人每天糖的摄入比男人少三茶匙，中国人比美国人每天的糖摄入少4.6茶匙。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。“Sugar that is hidden in foods and drinks”的意思为“食物和饮料中隐藏的糖分”，选项A的意思是“糖会伤害我们的身体”，选项B的意思是“带糖的食物和饮料很受孩子们喜欢”，选项C的意思是“我们经常在不知情的情况下所吃的糖比我们能吃的要多”，选项D的意思是“我们应该在食物和饮料中加足够多的糖使它们好吃”，因此，选项C更符合句意。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据上下文语境可知，作者是希望我们能够对自己每天所摄入的糖分量以及过多摄入会带来的危害有更深的了解。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据本篇文章的主题“糖”以及内容可知，文章最有可能出自健康杂志。故选C。
6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C

【导语】本文主要讲述了一群年轻人去钓鱼，看见一位渔民在湍急的河流里钓鱼，很是不解，后来渔民告诉他，越是湍急的水流，越能为鱼提供更多的氧气，鱼因此才长得好，从而告诉我们困难能让人变得更强大。
6．细节理解题。根据“The young people thought the fisherman was silly.”可知，起初年轻人认为渔民很傻。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“Suddenly a number of fish fell off the basket. These fish that were jumping up and down on the ground were so big and fat.”可知，渔民给年轻人展示了一些肥大的鱼。故选A。
8．词义猜测题。根据“How could he catch fish in such big waves (波浪)?”可知，年轻人认为渔民能在这么大的波浪抓到鱼是痴心妄想的行为，划线单词表示“痴心妄想”。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据“The bigger the waves, the more oxygen in the water, and the more big fish.”可知，因为在这些大波浪的河流里有更多的氧气供大鱼生存。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据“Strong winds and waves seem to be the suffering (折磨) for fish, but these sufferings are the natural oxygen feeder for fish. Only through these hardships can fish grow well”可知，大风大浪似乎是鱼的折磨，但这些痛苦是鱼的天然氧气供给器。只有经历了这些磨难，鱼才能长得好。从而告诉我们困难能让人更强大。故选C。
11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了体温的相关知识。人们一般认为人的平均体温是37℃，其实这是不准确的。研究表明，人类的平均体温呈下降趋势，这是由科技的发展以及生活环境的变化引起的。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So what’s the new body temperature? It’s 36. 6℃, says the study.”可知，现在人类的平均体温是36.6℃。故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“As for the reason, one possibility is that living in temperature-controlled buildings has changed our bodies. They don’t need to work hard to keep the temperature normal. Another is less inflammation (炎症) in people’s bodies. ”可知，我们体温下降的原因之一可能是生活在温度可控的建筑中改变了我们的身体。我们的身体不需要努力运作来维持正常的温度。由此可知，they指代上一句中的“our bodies”。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to one study, women are comfortable at a temperature of 24-25℃, which is 2. 5℃ higher than the temperature preferred by men.”可知，女性感到舒适的温度是24-25℃，比男性感到舒适的温度高了2.5℃。由此可推出，男性感到舒适的温度是21. 5-22. 5℃。故选C。
14．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段引出全文，讲述新的研究表明人体的平均温度不再是37℃；第二段到第四段分别讲述了人类平均体温下降的原因及男女两性温度的差异；最后一段总结全文，人体可能发生了变化，但是男性和女性对什么温度是舒适的有不同的感觉这件事一直没变。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。文章前半部分介绍了一份研究，该研究指出人体平均体温呈下降趋势，并介绍了下降的原因；后半部分则指出了男女两性在舒适温度上的差异，C项“关于人体温度的一些有趣的事情”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
16．D 17．C 18．A 19．E 20．B

【导语】本文主要介绍了如何真实地遵循自己内心的想法，诚实地对待自己的想法和需要。
16．根据“Sometimes we feel stressed to fit in, and this can lead us to pretend (假装) that we like things more than we actually do.”可知，此处是在讲不真实对待自己是什么样的，选项D“当你做这个，我们就不是真实地对待我们自己。”，此处是对上文的解释和总结。故选D。
17．根据下文“...then being true to yourself might mean saying no to your friends who want you to play...”可知，此段在说与“做真实的自己”相关的内容。选项C“做真实的自己意味着要听从自己的想法和感觉。”话题与本段一致。故选C。
18．根据“ If children have this self-awareness (自我意识) then they are more likely not to...”可知，本段诉说的是与儿童相关的内容。选项A“儿童需要清楚地知道他们是谁，他们的价值和他们的信仰。”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据下文“What’s more, being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need, ”可知，此处是对于空格处所说观点的补充，选项E“做真实的自己的一部分是通过学习如何表达你自己的观点并且跟随你的信念。”符合语境。故选E。
20．根据上文“ What’s more, being true...”可知，选项B“最后，你可以学习如何真实对待你自己。”符合语境。故选B。

2022年河南省许昌市中考二模英语试题
17．A 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三篇诗歌。
17．细节理解题。根据“Do not cry.I will sing a lullaby,Golden slumbers,Fill your eyes.Smiles awake you when you rise”可知，不要哭。我会唱摇篮曲，金色的睡眠后，填满你的眼睛。当你起床时，微笑会唤醒你。可见，这是妈妈给小宝宝唱的摇篮曲，是写给婴儿的。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据“My mama feeds me, And washes my fur. My mama is the very best one, And sings like a bird,”可知，妈妈喂养孩子、给孩子洗漱、给孩子唱歌。未提及的是一起学习。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“There is so much I can do.”可知，会做许多的事情，应是一个乐于助人的人。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。第一首诗歌呈现了妈妈哄睡的情景；第二首诗歌呈现了妈妈的爱；第三首诗歌呈现孩子慢慢学会各种技能。以上诗歌共同体现了“家庭和爱”。故选C。
21．推理判断题。通读全文可知，三首诗歌谈论的是“家庭和爱”的话题，可推测它来自于儿童英语书。故选D。
22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍王德顺的相关内容。
22．细节理解题。根据“The whole world was surprised that the 70s could keep such a perfect body shape.”可知，全世界都为70岁的人能保持如此完美的身材而感到惊讶。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据“Born in a poor family in Shenyang, Liaoning province, in 1936. Wang Deshun began to work early. His first job was as a bus diver at the age of 20.”可知，王德顺1956年开始工作，故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据“However, the 85-year-old grandpa showed them he’s still trying. The white-bearded Wang took light courses in August, and became the oldest person to take fight training in China. Thanks to his many years of exercise, he is healthy enough to get a flight license.”可知，王德顺在参加搏击训练而且拿到了飞行执照，故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据“It’s never too old to pursue your dream...Age has never been a hurdle. Just do it.”可知，王德书认为追求你的梦想永远不晚，年龄从来不是障碍，想做就做。而不是他对什么都不满意，故选B。
26．最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍王德顺的相关内容，这位老人不断挑战自己，在自己年老的时候仍然发挥出闪耀的光芒，故选A。
27．B 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了拖延症的坏处以及如何战胜拖延症。
27．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Every time when the holiday comes to an end, how many of you have burned the midnight oil to finish your homework over the last few days?”可知假期快结束时，最后几天完成作业自然是需要熬夜到很晚的。故选B。
28．词义猜测题。根据第二段“A lot of people like to put off difficult tasks until they completely must be done.”可知很多人喜欢把困难的任务推迟直到他们必须完成的时间，由此可知会推迟最后完成期限，即拖延症者。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“This means your work will probably be of less quality（质量）.”可知拖延症会导致工作质量不高，故选C。
30．大意概括题。根据第四段“But most of time, I try to finish my work earlier rather than later. It just makes more sense”可知大多数时候，我尽量早点完成工作，而不是晚点。后面具体解释了这样做的好吃。由此推知，本段讲了作者如何克服拖延症。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everyone procrastinates from time to time. It’s a natural thing to do.”可知每个人都会时不时地拖延，这是很自然的事。由此推知，作者认为拖延不是一个严重的问题。故选B。
32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．E

【导语】本文主要给我们介绍了东京奥运会选手苏炳添的个人事迹。
32．根据“Chinese President Xi Jinping once said, ‘Greatness is forged（铸就）in the ordinary. Heroes come from the people.’”可知，这里提到习近平总书记的话“伟大在平凡中铸就。英雄来自人民。”。因此C项“每一年，都有平凡的人在这里传播正能量，感动我们的心。”与该内容衔接。故选C。
33．根据“On Aug 1, Su set a new record of 9. 83 seconds at the Tokyo Olympics Men’s 100m semifinals（半决赛）.”可知，这里提到苏炳添在东京奥运会男子100米半决赛中，以9秒83的成绩刷新了世界纪录。 因此A项“这一纪录使他成为第一个进入该项赛事最后一轮的中国选手。”符合语境。故选A。
34．根据“For a long time, some people thought that Asian people were not physically built for sprinting（短跑）.”可知，这里描述很长一段时间以来，人们认为亚洲人的身体构造不适合短跑，但是苏炳添证明了这些人的想法是错误的，因此B项“苏的成功证明这不是真的。”符合语境。故选B。
35．根据“But the call to challenge himself brought Su back to the track（跑道）.”可知，但挑战自我的呼声把苏炳添带回了赛道。可知这里应该是他做了多少努力，因此D项“他比以前训练得更刻苦了。”符合语境。故选D。
36．根据“To encourage himself, Su set a personal goal of 9.89 seconds.”可知，为了鼓励自己，苏炳添设定了9秒89的个人目标，可知这里应该也是讲述他为自己制定的目标，因此E项“他甚至把这个数字作为自己手机和电脑的密码。”符合语境。故选E。

2021年河南省许昌市中考二模英语试题
1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．B

【分析】这是一篇说明文，作者介绍了自己种植土豆的实验过程。从中作者领悟到了：罗马不是一天建成的，成功需要有恒心和耐心。
1．推理判断题。该实验为种植土豆实验报告，结合常识可推断，该实验属于生物学科。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据原文“*a potato that has sprouts | *a flower pot with soil | *a camera to record progress”可知，实验前作者准备了三样东西。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据原文“It’s exciting to see new life like this … I’m also excited to see more new sprouts that have grown from under the soil”可知，在观察土豆的生长过程中，作者的心情是兴奋的。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据原文“During these fifteen days, I have learned that growing potato plants needs plenty of water”可知，种植土豆需要大量的水。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据原文“I feel that growing plants is just like trying to succeed with anything in life — it takes not only time, but also lots of efforts and patience”可知，作者通过这个实验，领悟到的道理是：罗马不是一日建成的，成功需要有恒心和耐心。故选B。
6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．D

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带着家人去度假，过了一周远离电子产品的生活。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old son the rule—no emails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone.”以及最后一段中的“A week away from all the electronics and life is good.”可知，那条特殊的规定是“他们不能使用电子设备”，故选A。
7．推理判断题。设空前提到了“我和我儿子之间的分歧”，及下文“I walked down the grass road to the beach and looked out to the sea. ”我沿着草地走到了海滩，由此推断“我独自去了外面，把他一个人留在了房间里”，故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据文中“Here we were on our first day and already, he couldn’t stand it.”“The next few days passed in peace. ”和“A week away from all the electronics and life is good.”可知，作者儿子的情绪变化是“感到无聊—变得平静—感到快乐”，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第五段“On Day 2, we spent the whole morning digging for shells. This time, my son joined us. He collected shellfish and other sea treasures.”可知，这次儿子加入我们，据此推测，作者以让孩子自己以感受的方式亲近大自然。故选C。
10．标题归纳题。根据文中的信息A week away from all the electronics and life is good. 一个星期远离所有的电子产品，生活是美好的。结合文章内容，本文主要讲了作者带着家人去度假，过了一周远离电子产品的生活，可知D选项“一个远离电子产品的假期”更符合题意，故选D。
11．D 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者向学生介绍了一些避免粗心犯错的方法。
11．细节理解题。根据原文“Careless mistakes can make you feel worse than big ones, simply because they seem so easy to be avoided”可知，粗心犯错比犯大错更让人不舒服，是因为前者看上去似乎是很容易避免的。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据原文“People in the second way are more likely to repeat the same type of mistakes over and over again”可知，第一种想到要注意的人的表现与第二种人相反，他们会从错误吸取教训并改变他们的行为。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据原文“Ask yourself why you might have made a certain type of mistake. Write down how you could have avoided making it in the first place”可知，作者认为犯了错要找出犯错误的原因，然后找出避免再次出错的办法并做出改变。故选C。
14．词句猜测题。根据原文“Simply think about how you can solve the problem and move on”可知，此处指的是解决处理问题。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据原文“if you’re making lots of careless mistakes, there are a few simple ways to help you”可知，作者写下本文的目的是为了帮助学生避免犯下粗心造成的错误。故选B。
16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．E

【分析】本文介绍了尼泊尔登山家普尔亚（Nirmal Purja）。他在不到七个月的时间里爬上了世界上14座最高峰，普尔亚创造了几项世界纪录。
16．根据下文“Though he was born 1,600 meters above sea level, …”可知，此处会介绍普尔亚出生地，选项A“普尔亚先生出生在尼泊尔的喜马拉雅山脉。”符合语境，故选A。
17．根据上文“He used to be a soldier in the British army.”可知，此处会介绍他在军队的情况，选项B“在军队里，他接受了在寒冷天气下作战的特殊训练。”符合语境，故选B。
18．根据上文“here are only 14 mountains... Mr. Purja had already climbed several of them.”以及下文“The old record for climbing the 14 mountains…”可知，此处会接着介绍普尔的目标或者计划，选项D“他的目标是在不到七个月的时间里爬上所有的山峰。”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据下文“On October 29,.. Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain.”可知，介绍了爬完第14座的时间，由此推知，此处会介绍开始登山的时间；选项C“他于4月23日开始攀登尼泊尔的安纳普尔纳峰。”符合语境；故选C。
20．根据下文““People are only limited by their imagination,” he says. “If you don’t dream, then you won’t do it.””可知，他说了鼓励人的话，选项E“他还希望自己的努力能激励其他人。”符合语境，故选E。