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精品解析：河南省沁阳市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：河南省沁阳市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分30分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
河南省沁阳一中2023学年高三(上)开学考试
英语
第一部分完型(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At 36, I have three kids and a great husband, and I'm enjoying a challenging but fun career. Although this is ___1___ , sometimes I feel my heart asking if this is who I truly am.
The chaos of the family kitchen ___2___ my brain: the noise of the kettle, pots and the dishes, and the conversation demands while I'm making breakfast. I escape ___3___ to my bedroom. Only in silence do I hear the self that is ___4___ from the children and wonder who that person might be.
So, I journeyed, for the first time in a decade, without my husband or kids. I went with a friend to ___5___ in Iceland. I hoped the consideration of walking would help me better ___6___ who I want to be. For 6 days, I was absorbed in ___7___ scenery and real weather. The mountains in Iceland ___8___ black and tall into the heavens against the white of the snow. Looking outside at wild wind and rain and knowing there's no ___9___ to make freed the soul. Climbing a mountain against sheets of rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal ___10___ me how little I actually needed and how ___11___ I felt when uncomfortable.
I found ___12___ in Iceland, and time to consider “the me” outside of career and kids as I shared stories with strangers with no ___13___ past and no expected future. When I stopped talking and just listened, I was surprised at how my ___14___ changed — I became more generous. I learned generosity can ___15___ more space, more food and more warmth ___16___ when there may not seem enough to go around at first glance.
I came home to noise, chaos and love. I know the answer isn't waiting out there on the top of a mountain or inside my head if I just ___17___ hard enough to hear, and it isn't in conversation with other seeking souls. The answer is in front of me with every step on my own life’s ___18___.
I'm not finding myself, but I'm creating myself. I need the storm as much as I need the quietness. ___19___ is built under a heavy load. I'm expecting to ___20___ all of my loads and travel on.
1. A. progress B. reward C. success D. encouragement
2. A. disturbs B. awakes C. quiets D. ruins
3. A. instantly B. eventually C. suddenly D. briefly
4. A. accessible B. separate C. tired D. different
5. A. hike B. volunteer C. settle D. wander
6. A. judge B. consider C. question D. understand
7. A. changeable B. green C. wild D. surrounding
8. A. turn B. rise C. form D. appear
9. A. picture B. decision C. peace D. promise
10. A. reminded B. warned C. convinced D. told
11. A. stubborn B. nervous C. satisfied D. strong
12. A. confidence B. value C. silence D. happiness
13. A. shared B. painful C. troubled D. glorious
14. A. concern B. attitude C. life D. character
15. A. develop B. explore C. offer D. create
16. A. indeed B. just C. only D. even
17. A. try B. calm C. move D. manage
18 A. design B. choice C. path D. belief
19. A. Pleasure B. Strength C. Spirit D. Pressure
20. A. think over B. deal with C. lay down D. pick up
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上冰岛之旅。回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在人生道路中的每一步中。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这是成功，但有时我会感到我的心在问这是不是真正的我自己。A. progress进步；B. reward奖励；C. success成功；D. encouragement鼓励。根据上文At 36, I have three kids and a great husband, and I'm enjoying a challenging but fun career.(36岁的我有三个孩子和一个好丈夫，还有一份有挑战性但有趣的职业。)可知作者有家也有好工作，这是成功的。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭厨房的混乱扰乱了我的大脑。A. disturbs扰乱；B. awakes唤醒；C. quiets使安静；D. ruins毁灭。由下文I escape ___3___ to my bedroom.(我逃到卧室去)可知作者对这些混乱是懊恼的，根据第2个空前后的The chaos of the family kitchen和my brain可知A项（扰乱）符合文章感情色彩。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我暂时逃到我的卧室。A. instantly立即；B. eventually最终；C. suddenly突然；D. briefly短暂地。根据上文中的the noise of the kettle, pots and the dishes, and the conversation demands while I’m making breakfast.(水壶、锅碗瓢盆的噪音，做早餐时要应对的谈话。)可知我对这些混乱十分烦恼，暂时躲到卧室去。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在沉默中，我才能听到与孩子们分离的自我，并好奇那个人可能是谁。A. accessible可到达的；B. separate分开的；C. tired劳累的；D. different不同的。分析句子可知that is ___4___ from the children作为定语从句，先行词是the self。根据下文I journeyed...without my husband or kids. I hoped the consideration of walking would help me better ___6___ who I want to be.可知我徒步旅行寻找真正的自我，没带着丈夫和孩子。由此可推知出此句中的自我是与孩子相分离的。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和一个朋友去冰岛远足。A. hike徒步旅行；B. volunteer志愿；C. settle定居；D. wander闲逛。由下文的the consideration of walking可知作者是去徒步旅行，故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望此次远足能帮助我更好地了解我想成为谁。A. judge判断；B. consider考虑；C. question提问；D. understand了解。根据上文Only in silence do I hear the self that is ___4___ from the children and wonder who that person might be.可知作者十分好奇真正的自我是什么样的，根据空前后的I hoped the consideration of walking would help me better和who I want to be可知此处指作者希望此次远足能帮助自己更好地了解自己想成为谁。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：六天来，我沉溺于野外风景和真实的天气。A. changeable可改变的；B. green绿色的；C. wild野生的；D. surrounding周围的。根据下文Looking outside at wild wind and rain可知此时作者正身处野外，经历风雨。因此可推断出此处指“野外的风景”，故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：冰岛的群山在白雪的映衬下又黑又高地直指云霄。A. turn转；B. rise升起；C. form形成；D. appear出现。此处描写群山高耸入云，根据下文中的into the heavens可知应使用动词rise(上升)，符合语境，故选B项。
9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着外面狂风暴雨，我知道没有决定要释放灵魂。A. picture图片；B. decision决定；C. peace和平；D. promise承诺。根据前半句Looking outside at wild wind and rain可知此时作者身处恶劣环境中，因此联系上文可以推理知此处指“没有做出释放灵魂的决定”。decision符合语境，故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在雨中爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭，让我意识到自己其实所需的是那么少，不舒服的时候又是多么的坚强。A. reminded提醒；B. warned警告；C. convinced劝服；D. told告诉。根据空前Climbing a mountain against sheets of rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal(在雨中爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭)可知作者在这糟糕的环境中有所感悟，因此空前的经历在“提醒”读者自己其实所需的是那么少，不舒服的时候又是多么的坚强。reminded符合语境，故选A项。
【11题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在雨中爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭，让我意识到自己其实所需的是那么少，不舒服的时候又是多么的坚强。A. stubborn固执的；B. nervous紧张的；C. satisfied满意的；D. strong强壮的。作者在冰岛徒步期间能够克服恶劣的天气，适应简单的饮食，因此再根据I felt when uncomfortable可知此处指在不舒服时是“强壮的”，strong符合语境，故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：冰岛很寂静，当我和陌生人分享故事时，我有时间考虑事业和孩子之外的“我”，那些陌生人没有共同的过去和预期的未来。A. confidence自信；B. value价值；C. silence沉默；D. happiness幸福。根据语境可知，在冰岛上远离了家里的嘈杂，作者在这里度过沉默寂静的时光。再根据第二段中的Only in silence do I hear the self that is ___4___ from the children(只有在沉默中，我才能倾听与孩子们分离的自我)可知作者在冰岛的沉默中去考虑“事业和孩子之外的自我”。silence符合语境，故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：冰岛很寂静，当我和陌生人分享故事时，我有时间考虑事业和孩子之外的“我”，那些陌生人没有共同的过去和预期的未来。A. shared分享；B. painful痛苦的；C. troubled麻烦的；D. glorious光荣的。根据常识可知陌生人是没有共同相似的过去经历的，因此此处用no shared修饰“陌生人的过去”符合常理，故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我停止说话，只是倾听，我惊讶于我的态度如何改变——我变得更加慷慨。A. concern担忧；B. attitude态度；C. life生活；D. character角色。根据破折号后的进一步解释I became more generous.(我变得更加慷慨)可知此处是指我的“态度”上的改变，故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我学到了慷慨可以创造更多的空间，更多的食物和更多的温暖，甚至是在乍一看似乎不足以提供给所有人的时候。A. develop发展；B. explore探索；C. offer提供；D. create创造。根据上文中的“我变得更加慷慨”可知此句陈述的是“慷慨的好处”，因此根据空前后的generosity can和more space, more food and more warmth可知此处是指慷慨可以“创造”更多的空间，更多的食物和更多的温暖。create符合语境，故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我学到了慷慨可以创造更多的空间，更多的食物和更多的温暖，甚至是在乍一看似乎不足以提供给所有人的时候。A. indeed确实；B. just仅仅；C. only只有；D. even甚至。根据所填空后的时间状语从句when there may not seem enough to go around at first glance(在乍一看似乎不足以提供给所有人的时候)可知这是一个不好的情境，因此此处要表达“甚至在不好的情境中，慷慨也可以创造更多的东西”，even符合此处感情色彩及逻辑关系，故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我努力去倾听，答案不是在山顶上等待，也不是在我的头脑里等待，也不是在和其他寻求灵魂的人交谈。A. try努力；B. calm冷静；C. move移动；D. manage管理。根据下一句The answer is in front of me with every step on my own life’s ___18___.(答案就在我面前，在我人生的每一步。)及所填空后的hard enough to hear可知作者认为“只要努力倾听，答案就在面前”。try符合语境，故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案就在我面前，在我人生道路上的每一步。A. design设计；B. choice选择；C. path小路；D. belief信仰。根据空前的every step on my own life’s可知此处指“在我人生道路上的每一步”。life’s path意为“人生道路”，符合语境，故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：力量是在沉重的负荷下形成的。A. Pleasure愉悦；B. Strength力量；C. Spirit精神；D. Pressure压力。根据上文 I’m creating myself. I need the storm as much as I need the quietness.可知作者认为自己在风雨中创造自己，再根据空后的is built under a heavy load.因此可判断出此处指在沉重的负荷下形成的是“力量”，Strength符合语境，故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我期待拾起所有重负，继续行进。A. think over考虑；B. deal with处理；C. lay down躺下；D. pick up拾起。根据上文I need the storm as much as I need the quietness.(我需要风雨如同需要平静一样)可知作者的态度，作者认为在风雨中成就自己，因此她会“拾起”所有重负，继续行进。pick up all of my loads意为“拾起所有重负”，符合语境，故选D项。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
Vail Marriott Mountain Resort
Vail Winter Weather Guide
Covered in grand mountains,flashing lights and snowy pines,Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike.Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth,this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.
Best Time to Vacation
December through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.
Know Before You Go
Make the necessary preparations and reservations in advance:
●Ski and Snowboard Rentals(租赁）：Don't have your own equipment?Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities,as well as snow shoes and helmets.
●Clothing Rentals:For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation,Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you.Get mountain necessities like coats,pants and goggles(护目镜）shipped to you,or save room in your luggage by having your equipment delivered right to the resort.
●Sunscreen(防晒霜）：You might not think about getting sunburn,but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.
●Difficulty levels:It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain.Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to skid own ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain:
●Green Circle:These are the easiest slopes.
●Blue Square:These indicate average to medium levels.
●Black Diamond:The most advanced slopes.Some mountains will feature double black diamonds,indicating even higher difficulty.
While Vail is famous for snow sports,you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down or you are tired.Explore the rest of our website for more information!
21. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?
A. October through to March.
B. December through to March.
C. December through to February.
D. November through to March.
22. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort,you will have to take ______with you
A. snow shoes B. ski clothing C. sunscreen D. a trail map
23. Where is recommended for a ski expert who wants to challenge himself?
A. Blue Square. B. Black Diamond.
C. Green Circle. D. Double Black Diamonds.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了维尔万豪山度假酒店的相关信息以及度假之前的注意事项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Best Time to Vacation部分的December through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.（12月到3月是那些对滑雪感兴趣的人最好的时间。）可知，12月到3月是最好的滑雪时间。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Know Before You Go部分的Sunscreen(防晒霜）：You might not think about getting sunburn,but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.（防晒霜:你可能没想过会被晒伤，但滑雪和滑雪的人每天都会被晒伤。）可知，去之前要带上防晒霜。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章中Black Diamond: The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.（黑钻:最先进的斜坡。一些山脉会有双黑钻石，这意味着更高的难度。）可推知，推荐给想要挑战自己的滑雪专家。故选D。
B
There are only 11 documented cases of congenital aglossia(先天性无舌）in the world.Despite being born without a tongue,I can speak and swallow and taste just like anyone else.I was born in 1969,in the days before ultrasound scans(超声波检查）。Everything was normal and there was nothing to suggest that I'd be different.But when I was born,Mum found that there was something wrong with my mouth.The doctor saw the base of my tongue and told her,"Oh,she just has a small tongue.She'll be fine."
Later,doctors told my parents I wouldn't be able to talk or that my speech would be very limited.I'm sure that was hard for them to hear.But they were only 22 and I'm not sure how seriously they took it.I was their first and only child,and the best thing they ever did was treat me as if there was nothing wrong.Mum told me when I was older that she came home from a doctor's appointment and cried,because she worried I wouldn't have a normal life or be happy.
I also have a small jaw(下巴）。It's related,because there is no tongue to fill out the space.People are able to see that,rather than the fact that I don't have a tongue.I went to see a plastic surgeon(整形医生）when l was 10,who suggested making a false tongue.But I was more interested in having my jaw filled out.But when I was 18 the surgeon said he advised me not to do that in case it affected my speech.I thought,"I don't care.I just want to be pretty,"but it was the right decision.
I'm able to taste the full range of flavors.I can eat everything.I've never had any anger a bout being born this way.Over the years,I've learned to get used to it,which hasn't always been easy.I'd love to think I offer hope to others in this situation,to parents or children born like me.
24. According to the passage,the author
A. was diagnosed to have no tongue as a newborn baby
B. has had no sense of taste since she was born
C. was found different before she was born
D. has lived a normal life even without a tongue
25. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. The author's parents love her very much.
B. The author couldn't accept the truth.
C. The author's parents planned to have another child.
D. The author lost the ability to speak.
26. Why did the author want to fill out her jaw?
A. She wanted to become beautiful.
B. She wanted to improve her speech.
C. She didn't want others to know she had no tongue.
D She wanted to make it possible to have a false tongue.
27. What is the author's purpose in sharing her experience?
A. To describe what a hard life she has had.
B. To provide some useful ways to deal with difficulties.
C. To show that she has a strong heart.
D. To encourage people like her to face life positively.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己是一位先天性无舌的病人并通过生活中的一些事情描述了作者的感受和看法。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段Despite being born without a tongue,I can speak and swallow and taste just like anyone else.（尽管我生来没有舌头，但我能像其他人一样说话、吞咽和品尝。）和Everything was normal and there was nothing to suggest that I'd be different.（一切都很正常，没有任何迹象表明我会有所不同。）可知，即使没有舌头，作者也过着正常的生活。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段.I was their first and only child,and the best thing they ever did was treat me as if there was nothing wrong.（我是他们的第一个也是唯一的孩子，他们所做的最好的事情就是像没有任何问题一样看待我。）可推知，作者的父母非常爱他。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段I thought,"I don't care.I just want to be pretty,"but it was the right decision.（我想，“我不在乎。我只是想变得漂亮，”但这是正确的决定。）可知，作者填充下巴是想要变得更好看。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段I'd love to think I offer hope to others in this situation,to parents or children born like me.（我愿意把我的希望带给其他处于这种情况下的人，给父母或像我一样出生的孩子。）可知，作者想要鼓励像她一样的人积极地面对生活。故选D。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。（5）预测文章出处。根据文章主旨判断出文章可能出自什么地方。例如，本文中的第2小题属于细节推断题，第4小题属于目的、意图推断题。
C
I grew up with easy access to books,and I’ve always felt that I benefited from it,even if it was as simple as always having something to do.For that reason,I make sure that the children who are a part of my life also have books,often giving them as gifts.
This desire to surround kids with books isn't just in my head.A recent study has demonstrated that children who grow up with home libraries perform better later in life when it comes to literacy(读写能力），applying math skills to everyday life and learning how to use digital technology.Reading is a gift that keeps on giving,apparently.
The study collected data from 160,000 adults from across 31 countries who participated in the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies(PIAAC).The PIAAC measures adults'skills in three categories:literacy,numeracy(计算能力）and digital literacy.
Participants in the PIAAC were asked to estimate how many books were in their households by the time they were 16 years old.The average number in the study was 115 books,but the actual numbers would vary from country to country.Turkish participants averaged 27,while those in Norway had 212 and kids in the UK had 143.The study found that the more books that were present in the home,the better the adults scored in the PIAAC evaluations.
Homes needed to have roughly 80 books to have any impact on the teens,raising PIAAC scores to the average level.Literacy scores in particular improved when more books were available,though they became steady at around 350 books.Numeracy skills improved in similar ways to literacy.Solving problems with digital technologies also saw improvement,but the score gains weren't as steep as they were for literacy or numeracy.
Access to books also helped to bridge education differences.Those who grew up without many books in the home and received university degrees performed roughly the same as those who had access to large home libraries and only completed nine years of school.
28. What is the author's attitude towards children reading books?
A. Unconcerned. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Approving.
29. According to the study,______.
A. the only way to raise PIAAC scores is to read books
B. the purpose of the PIAAC is to measure one's reading,math and technology skills
C. participants from the UK performed best in the PIAAC
D. the more kinds of books one reads at home,the higher score one will get in the PIAAC
30. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Access to books can help one receive a university degree.
B. Bookish adolescence can make up for a shorter education.
C. Those who grew up without many books wouldn't receive a university degree.
D. People with a basic education performed better than those with a higher level of education.
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Reading Lots of Books as a Kid Helps Later in Life
B. Reading Books Helps Improve One's Intelligence
C. Reading-The Best Way to Improve One's Social Skills
D. Why Reading Makes One a Better Person
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最近的一项研究表明，家里有图书馆的孩子在以后的生活中在读写能力、日常生活中的数学技能以及学习如何使用数字技术方面表现得更好。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段For that reason,I make sure that the children who are a part of my life also have books,often giving them as gifts.（出于这个原因，我确保我生活中一部分的孩子也有书，经常把它们作为礼物送给他们。）可推知，作者对于孩子阅读这件事是赞成的。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段The PIAAC measures adults’ skills in three categories: literacy, numeracy(计算能力）and digital literacy.（PIAAC从三个方面衡量成年人的技能:读写能力、计算能力和数字读写能力。）可知，PIAAC的目的是衡量一个人的阅读、数学和技术技能。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容Access to books also helped to bridge education differences.Those who grew up without many books in the home and received university degrees performed roughly the same as those who had access to large home libraries and only completed nine years of school.（获得书籍也有助于缩小教育差异。那些成长过程中家里没有很多书并获得大学学位的人，与那些有大型家庭图书馆且只上过9年学的人表现大致相同。）可推知，爱读书的青春期可以弥补较短的教育时间。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容.A recent study has demonstrated that children who grow up with home libraries perform better later in life when it comes to literacy(读写能力），applying math skills to everyday life and learning how to use digital technology.（最近的一项研究表明，家里有图书馆的孩子在以后的生活中在读写能力、日常生活中的数学技能以及学习如何使用数字技术方面表现得更好。）可知，作者主要想要告诉我们小时候多读书对以后的生活有帮助。所以短文的最佳标题为“小时候多读书对以后的生活有帮助”。故选A。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。（5）预测文章出处。根据文章主旨判断出文章可能出自什么地方。例如，本文中第1小题属于态度推断题，第3小题属于细节推断题。
D
We are what we eat,and what we eat shows something about what we are in return.So it shouldn't be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic.
A small trial at the Medical University of Vienna found tiny pieces of it in the digestive(消化的）systems of people from eight different countries,including the UK.The study involved just eight people and doesn't tell us what,if any,effect eating plastic was having on their bodies,which means more research is needed before we know what any of this really means.We already knew that fish were eating plastic.Did we really think it wouldn't reach back up to the top of the food chain,and that the consequences of our own actions couldn't return to affect us?
Does it actually matter?This study can't yet answer that question,because all it tells us is that microplastics(微塑料）were found in human faeces(粪便）。If they're just passing through like unwelcome guests before being driven out of the body,then perhaps there's no damage done.If there were evidence of plastics being absorbed in our internal organs,that could be a dangerous sign.And solving plastic pollution must not be delayed.
Solving plastic pollution is not as simple as some campaigners make it sound.Changing from plastic packaging to other materials would cause other environmental problems,for a start.Bottling liquids in glass rather than plastic makes them heavier,which potentially means more trips to transport them.There is a reason,in short,why we relied so much on plastic in the first place,and even if it were possible to stop using the stuff tomorrow,it would take up to 1,000 years for some of what's being produced right now to disappear completely.
But just because it's difficult,it doesn't mean we can do nothing.There is something really mad about a society that on the one hand is obsessed with the quality of the food we put in our mouths,but on the other hand happily eats its own garbage.The war on plastic,it seems,just got personal.
32. What do we know about the study mentioned in the text?
A. It involved eight people from different regions of the UK.
B. It revealed that fish eating plastic has bad effects on their bodies.
C. It found small plastic pieces in most parts of peoples internal tissues.
D. It didn't give clear conclusions about the effects of eating plastic.
33. Why is it difficult to replace plastic with other materials?
A. Other materials are heavier than plastic.
B. People depend heavily on plastic in their daily life.
C. The plastic being produced needs 1,000 years to break down.
D. Other materials are more difficult to transport.
34. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Nothing can be done to solve the plastic problem.
B. We should eat more safe and healthy food.
C. Our society's future is hopeless as it is so crazy.
D It is going to be difficult to settle the plastic problem.
35. The passage mainly tells us that
A. it's time we solved environmental pollution
B. plastic pollution is too serious to deal with
C. even our own bodies contain plastic waste
D. the earth is highly polluted by plastic
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉我们塑料污染已经很严重了，甚至我们自己的身体也含有塑料垃圾。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段The study involved just eight people and doesn't tell us what,if any,effect eating plastic was having on their bodies,which means more research is needed before we know what any of this really means.（这项研究只涉及了8个人，并没有告诉我们吃塑料对他们的身体有什么影响，这意味着在我们知道这些真正的意义之前，还需要更多的研究。）可知，对于吃塑料食品的影响，该研究并没有给出明确的结论。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段There is a reason,in short,why we relied so much on plastic in the first place,and even if it were possible to stop using the stuff tomorrow,it would take up to 1,000 years for some of what's being produced right now to disappear completely.（简而言之，这就是为什么我们一开始如此依赖塑料的原因，即使明天就有可能停止使用这种东西，也需要长达1000年的时间，现在生产的一些东西才能完全消失。）可知，人们在日常生活中严重依赖塑料。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But just because it's difficult,it doesn't mean we can do nothing.There is something really mad about a society that on the one hand is obsessed with the quality of the food we put in our mouths,but on the other hand happily eats its own garbage.（但仅仅因为它困难，并不意味着我们无能为力。这个社会有一些真正疯狂的东西，一方面沉迷于我们吃进嘴里的食物的质量，但另一方面却愉快地吃自己的垃圾。）可推知，解决塑料问题将是困难的。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是根据文章第一段内容We are what we eat,and what we eat shows something about what we are in return.So it shouldn't be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic.（我们吃什么就会变成什么样子，而我们吃什么就会反映出我们反过来又是什么样子。所以，现在人类吃塑料也就不足为奇了。）可知，本文主要告诉我们塑料污染已经很严重了，甚至我们自己的身体也含有塑料垃圾。故选C。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如，文章第1小题和第2小题都属于语言转述型细节题。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Once,I had an American friend.After she went back home,I never heard from her again.I can't help but wonder if there can ever be real friendship between Westerners and us Chinese.
What is friendship?The Oxford English Dictionary says,"The emotions or conduct of friends."In both Western and Chinese culture,we have similar proverbs when it comes to friendship,such as"a friend in need is a friend indeed."___36___
Chinese people value friendship highly.As you know,Chinese people are known to be extremely hospitable and open-hearted.___37___ However,there are different types of friend ship and they treat them differently.
One type of friend in China is a"close acquaintance"who only occasionally eats and drinks and hangs out with you.In the West,they are called"a fair-weather(不可共患难的）friend."Nikki was that kind of friend.Despite our language barrier,we had a lot of fun together..____38____ Only real friends can enter your inner circle,where assistance and special care are always provided.
______39______ They tend to make friends with those who share the same values or interests.When foreign friend of mine asks for favors on behalf of his or her friend,I often have to clarify whether that person is a"close friend"or just a friend,and then I will decide how much I will help.
_______40_______ But the depth of that friendship is different.So how will you know how l feel ab out you?Well,the moment I stop being polite around you,you are my real friend.
A. They refer to anyone they know as a"friend."
B. Friendship in the West is mostly pursued for fun.
C. However,there is a cultural gap between the two sides.
D. Of course,Westerners and Chinese people can be good friends.
E. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.
F. The second type of friend in China is a"real friend"who is practically your family.
G. They'll take turns with you in picking up the bill,because that's what good friends do.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. F 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中西方在友谊文化上的差距。
【36题详解】
根据前一句“In both Western and Chinese culture, we have similar proverbs when it comes to friendship, such as ‘a friend in need is a friend indeed.’”可知，在中西方文化中，我们在友谊方面有类似的谚语，比如“患难与共”。C项“然而，双方在文化上存在差距”承上启下，C项中的“the two sides”和上文“In both Western and Chinese culture”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。
【37题详解】
根据前一句“As you know, Chinese people are known to be extremely hospitable and open-hearted.”可知，众所周知，中国人非常好客，心胸开阔。A项“他们把认识的人称为’朋友’”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据上文的“One type of friend in China is a "close acquaintance" who only occasionally eats and drinks and hangs out with you.”可知，在中国，有一种朋友是“亲密的熟人”，只会偶尔和你一起吃喝喝和闲逛。F项“中国的第二类朋友是“真正的朋友”，实际上就是你的家人”承上启下，F项中的“The second type of friend in China”和上文的“One type of friend in China”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据后一句“They tend to make friends with those who share the same values or interests.”可知，他们倾向于与那些价值观或兴趣相同的人交朋友。B项“西方的友谊主要是为了好玩” 与下文紧密衔接，B项中的“for fun”和下文的“share the same values or interests”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
【40题详解】
根据后一句“But the depth of that friendship is different.”可知，但这种友谊的深度是不同的。D项“当然，西方人和中国人可以成为好朋友”与下文紧密衔接，D项中的“can be good friends”和下文的“that friendship”相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
In August 2017,Southeast Texas was badly affected by Hurricane Harvey.About 30 miles west of Houston,the town of Katy,Texas,took a hard ___41___.Nearly 700 of its homes and 80 businesses were____42____or destroyed.But the locals didn't wait for the rain to ____43____ before opening door ,refrigerators and ______44______to first responders (急救员）,neighbors,strangers .
Beaver Aplin,owner of the popular Bucee's chain of convenience ___45___ was preparing for the grand opening of his newest location just outside Katy.When the ___46___ hit,Aplin opened the store ____47____without thinking twice.He put the word out to first responders,telling them to ____48____what they needed,free of charge.
Meanwhile,the locals ran,drove and paddled(划船）to ___49___ their neighbors.When the water was too deep,rescue came by ___50___.A nearby Bass Pro Shop donated all 80 boats it had-and then its head office ____51____dozens more."We never even got a(n)____52____"says city administrator Byron Hebert.
Other residents found ____53____ways to join in.Shakeib Mashhood used WhatsApp to gather more than 100 volunteers who gave out food and water and____54____storm-damaged homes.
These are just a small part of the ____55____of heroism that came out of Katy.But Mashood,like many others of his fellow Texan heroes,____56____he didn't do anything special."We do what we need to do,"he told Reader's Digest.
Even first responders coming from outside Katy could instantly feel the town's ___57___spirit."We helped people in lots of other areas,too,but Katy was ___58___.Neighbors were going from house to house checking on people and ____59____everyone they could,"David Scherff told Katy Magazine."I was so____60____that I even had thoughts of moving here.I have never seen anything like Katy."
41. A. hit B. choice C. decision D. time
42. A. damaged B. abandoned C. closed D. broken
43. A. begin B. fall C. stop D. come
44. A. windows B. minds C. wallets D. hearts
45. A. restaurants B. pubs C. hotels D. stores
46. A. flood B. storm C. virus D. event
47. A. early B. greatly C. luckily D. suddenly
48. A. ask B. take C. demand D. leave
49. A. meet B. attend C. visit D. rescue
50. A. boat B. bus C. air D. bike
51. A. produced B. sent C. consumed D. released
52. A. bill B. prize C. order D. tool
53. A. effective B. perfect C. available D. creative
54. A. wiped out B. carried away C. cleaned up D. looked for
55. A. stories B. scenes C. signs D. conditions
56. A. insists B. denies C. accepts D. proves
57. A. noble B. selfless C. pure D. mean
58. A. amazing B. interesting C. confusing D. exciting
59. A. guiding B. finding C. helping D. giving
60. A. proud B. afraid C. shocked D. impressed
【答案】41. A 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得克萨斯州的城镇Katy遭遇了一场巨大的风暴，给整个城镇带来了巨大的破坏，但是这里的人们互相帮助，同心协力抗击风暴，给救援人员留下了深刻的印象。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在休斯顿以西约30英里处，得克萨斯州的城镇Katy遭受了重创。A. hit打击，袭击；B. choice选择；C. decision决定；D. time时间。由文章的第一句话In August 2017,Southeast Texas was badly affected by Hurricane Harvey.可知，这个城镇遭受了飓风的重创。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个城镇的将近700所房屋和80家企业遭到破坏或摧毁。A. damaged 损坏，破坏；B. abandoned放弃，抛弃；C. closed 关闭；D. broken打破，打碎。飓风袭击了这个城镇，造成了很多破坏，由destroyed可知，选择damaged是合适的。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当地人没等到大雨停下来就开门，打开冰箱和钱包向急救人员，邻居，陌生人提供帮助。A. begin开始； B. fall下降；C. stop停止；D. come来。尽管飓风很是猛烈，但是人们不等雨停就向急救人员提供力所能及的帮助。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当地人没等到大雨停下来就开门，打开冰箱和钱包向急救人员，邻居，陌生人提供帮助。A. windows窗户； B. minds头脑，大脑；C. wallets钱包； D. hearts心。人们向急救人员提供力所能及的帮助，结合选项可知，wallets合乎语境，因为在救灾的过程中是需要花钱的。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：受人们欢迎的Bucee连锁便利店的所有者Beaver Aplin正在Katy城外的新场所为盛大的开业做准备。A. restaurants餐馆；B. pubs 酒馆；C. hotels旅馆 ；D. stores商店。本段中提到了store一词，Aplin的连锁店正准备开张。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨来临时，Aplin没有过多考虑就早早地开门。A. flood 洪水；B. storm风暴；C. virus病毒；D. event事件。由第一段的hurricane可知，选择其同义词storm。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨来临时，Aplin没有过多考虑就早早地开门。A. early 早；B. greatly极大；C. luckily 幸运地； D. suddenly突然地。Aplin早早开店的目的是为急救人员提供力所能及的帮助。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向第一批急救人员发布消息，告诉他们可以免费到店里拿他们需要的东西。A. ask问；B. take拿走；C. demand要求；D. leave离开。Aplin为急救人员提供力所能及的帮助，因此告知急救人员可以免费拿店里的东西。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时，当地人奔跑着，开车和划船来营救他们的邻居。A. meet见面；B. attend参加；C. visit拜访；D. rescue营救。rescue一词在下一句中出现了，飓风来临，人们纷纷伸出援助之手，营救遭遇不幸的人。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当水太深时，人们乘船进行救援。A. boat 船；B. bus公共汽车；C. air空气；D. bike自行车。水很深，因此救援要靠船，下一句提到了boat。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：附近的Bass Pro Shop捐赠了它拥有的所有80艘船，然后总公司又派了几十艘船。A. produced生产；B. sent发送；C. consumed消耗；D. released释放。该处表示这家公司捐出了所有的船只后，其总部又送来了很多船只。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：城市管理者Byron Hebert说：“我们甚至从未收到帐单”。A. bill账单；B. prize奖品；C. order 订单；D. tool工具。船只都是捐赠来的，因此该公司没有向这个城镇索要任何金钱。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他居民找到了独特的参与方式。A. effective有效的；B. perfect 完美的； C. available 可用的；D. creative独特的。后文举例子提到了人们使用应用软件来寻找志愿者抗击灾难的方式，看得出这样做是很有独创性的。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shakeib Mashhood使用WhatsApp聚集了100多名志愿者，他们提供了食物和水，并清理了被暴风雨破坏的房屋。A. wiped out擦去；B. carried away带走； C. cleaned up清理 ；D. looked for寻找。风暴给家园带来破坏，志愿者在帮忙清理被破坏的现场。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些只是Katy这个城镇英雄主义故事的一小部分。A. stories故事；B. scenes场景；C. signs标志；D. conditions条件。后文举例说明了一个英雄事例，因此选择stories合乎语境。故选A项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，Mashood和他的许多德克萨斯英雄一样，坚持认为他没有做任何特别的事情。 A. insists坚持；B. denies否认；C. accepts接受；D. proves证明。由but表示转折可知，在Mashood的心中，他坚持认为自己没有做什么特殊的事情。故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是来自Katy以外的第一批救援者也能很快感受到该镇的无私精神。A. noble高贵的；B. selfless无私的；C. pure纯正的；D. mean卑鄙的。灾难来临，人们纷纷伸出援助之手，为救援人员提供自己的一份力量，看得出人们的无私奉献。故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也帮助了许多其他地区的人们，但Katy真是了不起。A. amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊叹的；B. interesting有趣的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。从David Scherff所说的话看得出，他对这个城镇的人们的评价是很高的，选择amazing合乎语境。 故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们挨家挨户检查人们，并尽力帮助他们。A. guiding 指导；B. finding找到；C. helping 帮助；D. giving给予。灾难来临，人们互相帮助，因此help合乎语境，这是文章的主题所在。故选C项。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我印象深刻，甚至想要搬到这里生活。A. proud骄傲的；B. afraid 害怕的；C. shocked震惊的；D. impressed印象深刻的。David Scherff 甚至想要搬到这里来居住，说明他对这里的印象非常好，被这里的人们所打动。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___61___, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ___62___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___63___ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And as more children were born, more food ___64___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.
By about 6000 BC, people ___65___(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ___66___(season), planting at the right time and in dry areas, ___67___(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then with ___68___ rise of science, changes began. New methods meant fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or ___69___, these changes have accelerated(加速). New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(人造化肥)have now ___70___(entire)transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】61. in 62. what
63. than 64. was needed
65. had discovered
66. seasons
67. making 68. the 69. so
70. entirely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展和对人类社会的影响。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：公元前10,000年后的某个时候，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们生活的世界。根据空格前的动词live和名词the world可知，空格处应该填入介词in（live in the world）。故填in。
【62题详解】
考查连接代词。句意：几千年来，他们开始减少对可以从野外狩猎或采集的东西的依赖，更多地依靠他们饲养的动物和播种的作物。根据句意分析句子可知， could be hunted or gathered from the wild是一个宾语从句，该宾语从句缺少主语，应该空格处应该填入一个连接代词引导宾语从句，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what。故填what。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：农业比狩猎和采集人均产出更多食物，因此人们能够养育更多的孩子。根据句意和句中的more可知，空格处应该填入than用于比较。故填than。
【64题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：随着更多的孩子出生，需要更多的食物。根据前面从句的时态是一般过去时可知，后面主句的时态也应该用一般过去时；主语food和谓语动词need之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语food是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填was needed。
【65题详解】
考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最好的庄稼和动物。根据时间状语by about 6000BC可知，该句子应该用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
【66题详解】
考查可数名词单复数。句意：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在合适的时间种植，并在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉田地。根据句意和所给可数名词season可知，一年中的季节肯定不止一个，所以空格处应该填入season的复数形式seasons。故填seasons。
【67题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在合适的时间种植，并在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉田地。根据句意和所给动词make以及空格前的连词and分析句子可知，空格处应该填入和planting并列的非谓语形式making作状语。故填making。
【68题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后随着科学的兴起，变化开始了。根据句意和rise后的定语of science可知，空格处应该用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
【69题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在上个世纪左右，这些变化加速了。根据句意和空格前的or可知，此处是考查固定短语or so（大约，左右）。故填so。
【70题详解】
考查副词。句意：新的动力机械和人工肥料现在已经完全改变了石器时代的生活方式。根据句意和所给形容词entire以及空格后的动词transformed可知，空格处应该填入entire的副词形式entirely作状语，修饰后面的动词transformed。故填entirely。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Li Yue has awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” due to that she did for our class.
In the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Li Yue walked from one store to another, with the purpose of looking for the costume we would wear in the singing contest. While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time, but she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting. Finally, she found the right clothes. We were such moved by her efforts that we tried our best and won the first prize in a contest.
Li Yue is always warm-hearted and cared a lot about the class. However, she deserves the honour and we should learn from him.
【答案】1.has后添加been
2.that→what
3.In→On
4.costume→costumes
5.删除but
6.such→so
7.a→the
8.cared→cares
9.However→Therefore
10.him→her
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者班的每周明星学生李悦（音译）。
【详解】1.考查语态。句意：由于她为我们班所做的一切，李悦被评为“本周明星学生”。此处主语Li Yue与award构成被动关系，结合has可知为现在完成时的被动语态，故has后添加been。
2.考查宾语从句。句意：由于她为我们班所做的一切，李悦被评为“本周明星学生”。due to后是宾语从句，从句中did缺少宾语，指事情应用what引导。故that改为what。
3.考查介词。句意：在上周六炎热的下午，李悦从一家商店走到另一家商店，目的是寻找我们在歌唱比赛中穿的服装。特指在某天的上午/下午，前面要用介词on。故In改为On。
4.考查名词的数。句意：在上周六炎热的下午，李悦从一家商店走到另一家商店，目的是寻找我们在歌唱比赛中穿的服装。根据后文we可知costume数量大于一，应用复数形式。故costume改为costumes。
5.考查状语从句。句意：当我们大家都在享受闲暇时光的时候，她却花了整个下午的时间来寻找和挑选。此处为while引导时间状语从句，she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting为主句，前面不需要连词。故删除but。
6.考查副词。句意：我们被她的努力感动了，我们尽了最大的努力，在比赛中获得了第一名。修饰形容词moved应用副词so；such用于修饰名词。故such改为so。
7.考查冠词。句意：我们被她的努力感动了，我们尽了最大的努力，在比赛中获得了第一名。此处特指上文提到的歌唱比赛，应用定冠词修饰。故a改为the。
8.考查时态。句意：李悦总是很热心，很关心班级。根据上文Li Yue is always warm-hearted and可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故cared改为cares。
9.考查副词。句意：因此她配得上这份荣誉，我们应该向她学习。此处前后文为因果关系，应用连接副词therefore。故However改为Therefore。
10.考查代词。句意：因此她配得上这份荣誉，我们应该向她学习。结合上文she可知，李悦是女孩，应用代词her作宾语。故him改为her。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 假如你是精英中学学生会主席李华，你校将于2月25日接待美国某中学的游学团。你受学校委托，给美国的领队格林先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动安排并征求对方的意见。内容包括：
1.上午参观学校并交流校园文化；2.中午在学校食堂吃中国传统美食；3.下午与你校学生游览本地博物馆。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Mr.Green,
I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union at Jingying High School. I'm pleased to know that you are coming to visit our school on February 25. I'm writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.
In the morning, you will be shown around the school, during which, visitors and students from our school can communicate with each other, talking about school life and cultural differences. At noon, you are invited to have lunch in our school canteen. You can taste dumplings, moon cakes and other traditional Chinese food. In the afternoon, students in our school will show you around our local museum, where there are many Chinese antiques.
What do you think of the arrangements? I hope you will have a nice time here.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生作为学生会主席给美国某中学的游学团的领队格林先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动安排并征求对方的意见。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般将来时和一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 参观学校并交流校园文化。（Visit the school and exchange campus culture）
2. 在学校食堂吃中国传统美食。（Eat traditional Chinese food in the school canteen）
3. 游览本地博物馆。（Visit the local museum）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be pleased to know that; arrange sth. for sb. ; show around ; communicate with ; have a nice time
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union at Jingying High School.
2. I'm pleased to know that you are coming to visit our school on February 25.
3. I'm writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.
4. In the morning, you will be shown around the school, during which, visitors and students from our school can communicate with each other, talking about school life and cultural differences.
5. At noon, you are invited to have lunch in our school canteen.
6. You can taste dumplings, moon cakes and other traditional Chinese food.
7. In the afternoon, students in our school will show you around our local museum, where there are many Chinese antiques.
8. What do you think of the arrangements?
9. I hope you will have a nice time here.
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：In the afternoon, students in our school will show you around our local museum, where there are many Chinese antiques.这句话运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如arrange sth. for sb. ; show around ; communicate with ; have a nice time等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
河南省沁阳一中2023学年高三(上)开学考试
英语
第一部分完型(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At 36, I have three kids and a great husband, and I'm enjoying a challenging but fun career. Although this is ___1___ , sometimes I feel my heart asking if this is who I truly am.
The chaos of the family kitchen ___2___ my brain: the noise of the kettle, pots and the dishes, and the conversation demands while I'm making breakfast. I escape ___3___ to my bedroom. Only in silence do I hear the self that is ___4___ from the children and wonder who that person might be.
So, I journeyed, for the first time in a decade, without my husband or kids. I went with a friend to ___5___ in Iceland. I hoped the consideration of walking would help me better ___6___ who I want to be. For 6 days, I was absorbed in ___7___ scenery and real weather. The mountains in Iceland ___8___ black and tall into the heavens against the white of the snow. Looking outside at wild wind and rain and knowing there's no ___9___ to make freed the soul. Climbing a mountain against sheets of rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal ___10___ me how little I actually needed and how ___11___ I felt when uncomfortable.
I found ___12___ in Iceland, and time to consider “the me” outside of career and kids as I shared stories with strangers with no ___13___ past and no expected future. When I stopped talking and just listened, I was surprised at how my ___14___ changed — I became more generous. I learned generosity can ___15___ more space, more food and more warmth ___16___ when there may not seem enough to go around at first glance.
I came home to noise, chaos and love. I know the answer isn't waiting out there on the top of a mountain or inside my head if I just ___17___ hard enough to hear, and it isn't in conversation with other seeking souls. The answer is in front of me with every step on my own life’s ___18___.
I'm not finding myself, but I'm creating myself. I need the storm as much as I need the quietness. ___19___ is built under a heavy load. I'm expecting to ___20___ all of my loads and travel on.
1. A. progress B. reward C. success D. encouragement
2. A. disturbs B. awakes C. quiets D. ruins
3. A. instantly B. eventually C. suddenly D. briefly
4. A. accessible B. separate C. tired D. different
5. A. hike B. volunteer C. settle D. wander
6. A. judge B. consider C. question D. understand
7. A. changeable B. green C. wild D. surrounding
8. A. turn B. rise C. form D. appear
9. A. picture B. decision C. peace D. promise
10. A. reminded B. warned C. convinced D. told
11. A. stubborn B. nervous C. satisfied D. strong
12. A. confidence B. value C. silence D. happiness
13. A. shared B. painful C. troubled D. glorious
14. A. concern B. attitude C. life D. character
15. A. develop B. explore C. offer D. create
16. A. indeed B. just C. only D. even
17. A. try B. calm C. move D. manage
18 A. design B. choice C. path D. belief
19. A. Pleasure B. Strength C. Spirit D. Pressure
20. A. think over B. deal with C. lay down D. pick up
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上冰岛之旅。回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在人生道路中的每一步中。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这是成功，但有时我会感到我的心在问这是不是真正的我自己。A. progress进步；B. reward奖励；C. success成功；D. encouragement鼓励。根据上文At 36, I have three kids and a great husband, and I'm enjoying a challenging but fun career.(36岁的我有三个孩子和一个好丈夫，还有一份有挑战性但有趣的职业。)可知作者有家也有好工作，这是成功的。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭厨房的混乱扰乱了我的大脑。A. disturbs扰乱；B. awakes唤醒；C. quiets使安静；D. ruins毁灭。由下文I escape ___3___ to my bedroom.(我逃到卧室去)可知作者对这些混乱是懊恼的，根据第2个空前后的The chaos of the family kitchen和my brain可知A项（扰乱）符合文章感情色彩。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我暂时逃到我的卧室。A. instantly立即；B. eventually最终；C. suddenly突然；D. briefly短暂地。根据上文中的the noise of the kettle, pots and the dishes, and the conversation demands while I’m making breakfast.(水壶、锅碗瓢盆的噪音，做早餐时要应对的谈话。)可知我对这些混乱十分烦恼，暂时躲到卧室去。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有在沉默中，我才能听到与孩子们分离的自我，并好奇那个人可能是谁。A. accessible可到达的；B. separate分开的；C. tired劳累的；D. different不同的。分析句子可知that is ___4___ from the children作为定语从句，先行词是the self。根据下文I journeyed...without my husband or kids. I hoped the consideration of walking would help me better ___6___ who I want to be.可知我徒步旅行寻找真正的自我，没带着丈夫和孩子。由此可推知出此句中的自我是与孩子相分离的。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和一个朋友去冰岛远足。A. hike徒步旅行；B. volunteer志愿；C. settle定居；D. wander闲逛。由下文的the consideration of walking可知作者是去徒步旅行，故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望此次远足能帮助我更好地了解我想成为谁。A. judge判断；B. consider考虑；C. question提问；D. understand了解。根据上文Only in silence do I hear the self that is ___4___ from the children and wonder who that person might be.可知作者十分好奇真正的自我是什么样的，根据空前后的I hoped the consideration of walking would help me better和who I want to be可知此处指作者希望此次远足能帮助自己更好地了解自己想成为谁。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：六天来，我沉溺于野外风景和真实的天气。A. changeable可改变的；B. green绿色的；C. wild野生的；D. surrounding周围的。根据下文Looking outside at wild wind and rain可知此时作者正身处野外，经历风雨。因此可推断出此处指“野外的风景”，故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：冰岛的群山在白雪的映衬下又黑又高地直指云霄。A. turn转；B. rise升起；C. form形成；D. appear出现。此处描写群山高耸入云，根据下文中的into the heavens可知应使用动词rise(上升)，符合语境，故选B项。
9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着外面狂风暴雨，我知道没有决定要释放灵魂。A. picture图片；B. decision决定；C. peace和平；D. promise承诺。根据前半句Looking outside at wild wind and rain可知此时作者身处恶劣环境中，因此联系上文可以推理知此处指“没有做出释放灵魂的决定”。decision符合语境，故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在雨中爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭，让我意识到自己其实所需的是那么少，不舒服的时候又是多么的坚强。A. reminded提醒；B. warned警告；C. convinced劝服；D. told告诉。根据空前Climbing a mountain against sheets of rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal(在雨中爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭)可知作者在这糟糕的环境中有所感悟，因此空前的经历在“提醒”读者自己其实所需的是那么少，不舒服的时候又是多么的坚强。reminded符合语境，故选A项。
【11题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在雨中爬山，回到帐篷里吃一顿简单的饭，让我意识到自己其实所需的是那么少，不舒服的时候又是多么的坚强。A. stubborn固执的；B. nervous紧张的；C. satisfied满意的；D. strong强壮的。作者在冰岛徒步期间能够克服恶劣的天气，适应简单的饮食，因此再根据I felt when uncomfortable可知此处指在不舒服时是“强壮的”，strong符合语境，故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：冰岛很寂静，当我和陌生人分享故事时，我有时间考虑事业和孩子之外的“我”，那些陌生人没有共同的过去和预期的未来。A. confidence自信；B. value价值；C. silence沉默；D. happiness幸福。根据语境可知，在冰岛上远离了家里的嘈杂，作者在这里度过沉默寂静的时光。再根据第二段中的Only in silence do I hear the self that is ___4___ from the children(只有在沉默中，我才能倾听与孩子们分离的自我)可知作者在冰岛的沉默中去考虑“事业和孩子之外的自我”。silence符合语境，故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：冰岛很寂静，当我和陌生人分享故事时，我有时间考虑事业和孩子之外的“我”，那些陌生人没有共同的过去和预期的未来。A. shared分享；B. painful痛苦的；C. troubled麻烦的；D. glorious光荣的。根据常识可知陌生人是没有共同相似的过去经历的，因此此处用no shared修饰“陌生人的过去”符合常理，故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我停止说话，只是倾听，我惊讶于我的态度如何改变——我变得更加慷慨。A. concern担忧；B. attitude态度；C. life生活；D. character角色。根据破折号后的进一步解释I became more generous.(我变得更加慷慨)可知此处是指我的“态度”上的改变，故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我学到了慷慨可以创造更多的空间，更多的食物和更多的温暖，甚至是在乍一看似乎不足以提供给所有人的时候。A. develop发展；B. explore探索；C. offer提供；D. create创造。根据上文中的“我变得更加慷慨”可知此句陈述的是“慷慨的好处”，因此根据空前后的generosity can和more space, more food and more warmth可知此处是指慷慨可以“创造”更多的空间，更多的食物和更多的温暖。create符合语境，故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我学到了慷慨可以创造更多的空间，更多的食物和更多的温暖，甚至是在乍一看似乎不足以提供给所有人的时候。A. indeed确实；B. just仅仅；C. only只有；D. even甚至。根据所填空后的时间状语从句when there may not seem enough to go around at first glance(在乍一看似乎不足以提供给所有人的时候)可知这是一个不好的情境，因此此处要表达“甚至在不好的情境中，慷慨也可以创造更多的东西”，even符合此处感情色彩及逻辑关系，故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我努力去倾听，答案不是在山顶上等待，也不是在我的头脑里等待，也不是在和其他寻求灵魂的人交谈。A. try努力；B. calm冷静；C. move移动；D. manage管理。根据下一句The answer is in front of me with every step on my own life’s ___18___.(答案就在我面前，在我人生的每一步。)及所填空后的hard enough to hear可知作者认为“只要努力倾听，答案就在面前”。try符合语境，故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案就在我面前，在我人生道路上的每一步。A. design设计；B. choice选择；C. path小路；D. belief信仰。根据空前的every step on my own life’s可知此处指“在我人生道路上的每一步”。life’s path意为“人生道路”，符合语境，故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：力量是在沉重的负荷下形成的。A. Pleasure愉悦；B. Strength力量；C. Spirit精神；D. Pressure压力。根据上文 I’m creating myself. I need the storm as much as I need the quietness.可知作者认为自己在风雨中创造自己，再根据空后的is built under a heavy load.因此可判断出此处指在沉重的负荷下形成的是“力量”，Strength符合语境，故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我期待拾起所有重负，继续行进。A. think over考虑；B. deal with处理；C. lay down躺下；D. pick up拾起。根据上文I need the storm as much as I need the quietness.(我需要风雨如同需要平静一样)可知作者的态度，作者认为在风雨中成就自己，因此她会“拾起”所有重负，继续行进。pick up all of my loads意为“拾起所有重负”，符合语境，故选D项。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
Vail Marriott Mountain Resort
Vail Winter Weather Guide
Covered in grand mountains,flashing lights and snowy pines,Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike.Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth,this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.
Best Time to Vacation
December through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.
Know Before You Go
Make the necessary preparations and reservations in advance:
●Ski and Snowboard Rentals(租赁）：Don't have your own equipment?Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities,as well as snow shoes and helmets.
●Clothing Rentals:For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation,Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you.Get mountain necessities like coats,pants and goggles(护目镜）shipped to you,or save room in your luggage by having your equipment delivered right to the resort.
●Sunscreen(防晒霜）：You might not think about getting sunburn,but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.
●Difficulty levels:It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain.Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to skid own ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain:
●Green Circle:These are the easiest slopes.
●Blue Square:These indicate average to medium levels.
●Black Diamond:The most advanced slopes.Some mountains will feature double black diamonds,indicating even higher difficulty.
While Vail is famous for snow sports,you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down or you are tired.Explore the rest of our website for more information!
21. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?
A. October through to March.
B. December through to March.
C. December through to February.
D. November through to March.
22. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort,you will have to take ______with you
A. snow shoes B. ski clothing C. sunscreen D. a trail map
23. Where is recommended for a ski expert who wants to challenge himself?
A. Blue Square. B. Black Diamond.
C. Green Circle. D. Double Black Diamonds.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了维尔万豪山度假酒店的相关信息以及度假之前的注意事项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Best Time to Vacation部分的December through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.（12月到3月是那些对滑雪感兴趣的人最好的时间。）可知，12月到3月是最好的滑雪时间。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Know Before You Go部分的Sunscreen(防晒霜）：You might not think about getting sunburn,but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.（防晒霜:你可能没想过会被晒伤，但滑雪和滑雪的人每天都会被晒伤。）可知，去之前要带上防晒霜。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章中Black Diamond: The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.（黑钻:最先进的斜坡。一些山脉会有双黑钻石，这意味着更高的难度。）可推知，推荐给想要挑战自己的滑雪专家。故选D。
B
There are only 11 documented cases of congenital aglossia(先天性无舌）in the world.Despite being born without a tongue,I can speak and swallow and taste just like anyone else.I was born in 1969,in the days before ultrasound scans(超声波检查）。Everything was normal and there was nothing to suggest that I'd be different.But when I was born,Mum found that there was something wrong with my mouth.The doctor saw the base of my tongue and told her,"Oh,she just has a small tongue.She'll be fine."
Later,doctors told my parents I wouldn't be able to talk or that my speech would be very limited.I'm sure that was hard for them to hear.But they were only 22 and I'm not sure how seriously they took it.I was their first and only child,and the best thing they ever did was treat me as if there was nothing wrong.Mum told me when I was older that she came home from a doctor's appointment and cried,because she worried I wouldn't have a normal life or be happy.
I also have a small jaw(下巴）。It's related,because there is no tongue to fill out the space.People are able to see that,rather than the fact that I don't have a tongue.I went to see a plastic surgeon(整形医生）when l was 10,who suggested making a false tongue.But I was more interested in having my jaw filled out.But when I was 18 the surgeon said he advised me not to do that in case it affected my speech.I thought,"I don't care.I just want to be pretty,"but it was the right decision.
I'm able to taste the full range of flavors.I can eat everything.I've never had any anger a bout being born this way.Over the years,I've learned to get used to it,which hasn't always been easy.I'd love to think I offer hope to others in this situation,to parents or children born like me.
24. According to the passage,the author
A. was diagnosed to have no tongue as a newborn baby
B. has had no sense of taste since she was born
C. was found different before she was born
D. has lived a normal life even without a tongue
25. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. The author's parents love her very much.
B. The author couldn't accept the truth.
C. The author's parents planned to have another child.
D. The author lost the ability to speak.
26. Why did the author want to fill out her jaw?
A. She wanted to become beautiful.
B. She wanted to improve her speech.
C. She didn't want others to know she had no tongue.
D She wanted to make it possible to have a false tongue.
27. What is the author's purpose in sharing her experience?
A. To describe what a hard life she has had.
B. To provide some useful ways to deal with difficulties.
C. To show that she has a strong heart.
D. To encourage people like her to face life positively.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己是一位先天性无舌的病人并通过生活中的一些事情描述了作者的感受和看法。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段Despite being born without a tongue,I can speak and swallow and taste just like anyone else.（尽管我生来没有舌头，但我能像其他人一样说话、吞咽和品尝。）和Everything was normal and there was nothing to suggest that I'd be different.（一切都很正常，没有任何迹象表明我会有所不同。）可知，即使没有舌头，作者也过着正常的生活。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段.I was their first and only child,and the best thing they ever did was treat me as if there was nothing wrong.（我是他们的第一个也是唯一的孩子，他们所做的最好的事情就是像没有任何问题一样看待我。）可推知，作者的父母非常爱他。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段I thought,"I don't care.I just want to be pretty,"but it was the right decision.（我想，“我不在乎。我只是想变得漂亮，”但这是正确的决定。）可知，作者填充下巴是想要变得更好看。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段I'd love to think I offer hope to others in this situation,to parents or children born like me.（我愿意把我的希望带给其他处于这种情况下的人，给父母或像我一样出生的孩子。）可知，作者想要鼓励像她一样的人积极地面对生活。故选D。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。（5）预测文章出处。根据文章主旨判断出文章可能出自什么地方。例如，本文中的第2小题属于细节推断题，第4小题属于目的、意图推断题。
C
I grew up with easy access to books,and I’ve always felt that I benefited from it,even if it was as simple as always having something to do.For that reason,I make sure that the children who are a part of my life also have books,often giving them as gifts.
This desire to surround kids with books isn't just in my head.A recent study has demonstrated that children who grow up with home libraries perform better later in life when it comes to literacy(读写能力），applying math skills to everyday life and learning how to use digital technology.Reading is a gift that keeps on giving,apparently.
The study collected data from 160,000 adults from across 31 countries who participated in the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies(PIAAC).The PIAAC measures adults'skills in three categories:literacy,numeracy(计算能力）and digital literacy.
Participants in the PIAAC were asked to estimate how many books were in their households by the time they were 16 years old.The average number in the study was 115 books,but the actual numbers would vary from country to country.Turkish participants averaged 27,while those in Norway had 212 and kids in the UK had 143.The study found that the more books that were present in the home,the better the adults scored in the PIAAC evaluations.
Homes needed to have roughly 80 books to have any impact on the teens,raising PIAAC scores to the average level.Literacy scores in particular improved when more books were available,though they became steady at around 350 books.Numeracy skills improved in similar ways to literacy.Solving problems with digital technologies also saw improvement,but the score gains weren't as steep as they were for literacy or numeracy.
Access to books also helped to bridge education differences.Those who grew up without many books in the home and received university degrees performed roughly the same as those who had access to large home libraries and only completed nine years of school.
28. What is the author's attitude towards children reading books?
A. Unconcerned. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Approving.
29. According to the study,______.
A. the only way to raise PIAAC scores is to read books
B. the purpose of the PIAAC is to measure one's reading,math and technology skills
C. participants from the UK performed best in the PIAAC
D. the more kinds of books one reads at home,the higher score one will get in the PIAAC
30. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Access to books can help one receive a university degree.
B. Bookish adolescence can make up for a shorter education.
C. Those who grew up without many books wouldn't receive a university degree.
D. People with a basic education performed better than those with a higher level of education.
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Reading Lots of Books as a Kid Helps Later in Life
B. Reading Books Helps Improve One's Intelligence
C. Reading-The Best Way to Improve One's Social Skills
D. Why Reading Makes One a Better Person
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最近的一项研究表明，家里有图书馆的孩子在以后的生活中在读写能力、日常生活中的数学技能以及学习如何使用数字技术方面表现得更好。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段For that reason,I make sure that the children who are a part of my life also have books,often giving them as gifts.（出于这个原因，我确保我生活中一部分的孩子也有书，经常把它们作为礼物送给他们。）可推知，作者对于孩子阅读这件事是赞成的。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段The PIAAC measures adults’ skills in three categories: literacy, numeracy(计算能力）and digital literacy.（PIAAC从三个方面衡量成年人的技能:读写能力、计算能力和数字读写能力。）可知，PIAAC的目的是衡量一个人的阅读、数学和技术技能。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容Access to books also helped to bridge education differences.Those who grew up without many books in the home and received university degrees performed roughly the same as those who had access to large home libraries and only completed nine years of school.（获得书籍也有助于缩小教育差异。那些成长过程中家里没有很多书并获得大学学位的人，与那些有大型家庭图书馆且只上过9年学的人表现大致相同。）可推知，爱读书的青春期可以弥补较短的教育时间。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容.A recent study has demonstrated that children who grow up with home libraries perform better later in life when it comes to literacy(读写能力），applying math skills to everyday life and learning how to use digital technology.（最近的一项研究表明，家里有图书馆的孩子在以后的生活中在读写能力、日常生活中的数学技能以及学习如何使用数字技术方面表现得更好。）可知，作者主要想要告诉我们小时候多读书对以后的生活有帮助。所以短文的最佳标题为“小时候多读书对以后的生活有帮助”。故选A。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。（5）预测文章出处。根据文章主旨判断出文章可能出自什么地方。例如，本文中第1小题属于态度推断题，第3小题属于细节推断题。
D
We are what we eat,and what we eat shows something about what we are in return.So it shouldn't be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic.
A small trial at the Medical University of Vienna found tiny pieces of it in the digestive(消化的）systems of people from eight different countries,including the UK.The study involved just eight people and doesn't tell us what,if any,effect eating plastic was having on their bodies,which means more research is needed before we know what any of this really means.We already knew that fish were eating plastic.Did we really think it wouldn't reach back up to the top of the food chain,and that the consequences of our own actions couldn't return to affect us?
Does it actually matter?This study can't yet answer that question,because all it tells us is that microplastics(微塑料）were found in human faeces(粪便）。If they're just passing through like unwelcome guests before being driven out of the body,then perhaps there's no damage done.If there were evidence of plastics being absorbed in our internal organs,that could be a dangerous sign.And solving plastic pollution must not be delayed.
Solving plastic pollution is not as simple as some campaigners make it sound.Changing from plastic packaging to other materials would cause other environmental problems,for a start.Bottling liquids in glass rather than plastic makes them heavier,which potentially means more trips to transport them.There is a reason,in short,why we relied so much on plastic in the first place,and even if it were possible to stop using the stuff tomorrow,it would take up to 1,000 years for some of what's being produced right now to disappear completely.
But just because it's difficult,it doesn't mean we can do nothing.There is something really mad about a society that on the one hand is obsessed with the quality of the food we put in our mouths,but on the other hand happily eats its own garbage.The war on plastic,it seems,just got personal.
32. What do we know about the study mentioned in the text?
A. It involved eight people from different regions of the UK.
B. It revealed that fish eating plastic has bad effects on their bodies.
C. It found small plastic pieces in most parts of peoples internal tissues.
D. It didn't give clear conclusions about the effects of eating plastic.
33. Why is it difficult to replace plastic with other materials?
A. Other materials are heavier than plastic.
B. People depend heavily on plastic in their daily life.
C. The plastic being produced needs 1,000 years to break down.
D. Other materials are more difficult to transport.
34. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Nothing can be done to solve the plastic problem.
B. We should eat more safe and healthy food.
C. Our society's future is hopeless as it is so crazy.
D It is going to be difficult to settle the plastic problem.
35. The passage mainly tells us that
A. it's time we solved environmental pollution
B. plastic pollution is too serious to deal with
C. even our own bodies contain plastic waste
D. the earth is highly polluted by plastic
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉我们塑料污染已经很严重了，甚至我们自己的身体也含有塑料垃圾。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段The study involved just eight people and doesn't tell us what,if any,effect eating plastic was having on their bodies,which means more research is needed before we know what any of this really means.（这项研究只涉及了8个人，并没有告诉我们吃塑料对他们的身体有什么影响，这意味着在我们知道这些真正的意义之前，还需要更多的研究。）可知，对于吃塑料食品的影响，该研究并没有给出明确的结论。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段There is a reason,in short,why we relied so much on plastic in the first place,and even if it were possible to stop using the stuff tomorrow,it would take up to 1,000 years for some of what's being produced right now to disappear completely.（简而言之，这就是为什么我们一开始如此依赖塑料的原因，即使明天就有可能停止使用这种东西，也需要长达1000年的时间，现在生产的一些东西才能完全消失。）可知，人们在日常生活中严重依赖塑料。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But just because it's difficult,it doesn't mean we can do nothing.There is something really mad about a society that on the one hand is obsessed with the quality of the food we put in our mouths,but on the other hand happily eats its own garbage.（但仅仅因为它困难，并不意味着我们无能为力。这个社会有一些真正疯狂的东西，一方面沉迷于我们吃进嘴里的食物的质量，但另一方面却愉快地吃自己的垃圾。）可推知，解决塑料问题将是困难的。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是根据文章第一段内容We are what we eat,and what we eat shows something about what we are in return.So it shouldn't be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic.（我们吃什么就会变成什么样子，而我们吃什么就会反映出我们反过来又是什么样子。所以，现在人类吃塑料也就不足为奇了。）可知，本文主要告诉我们塑料污染已经很严重了，甚至我们自己的身体也含有塑料垃圾。故选C。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。例如，文章第1小题和第2小题都属于语言转述型细节题。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Once,I had an American friend.After she went back home,I never heard from her again.I can't help but wonder if there can ever be real friendship between Westerners and us Chinese.
What is friendship?The Oxford English Dictionary says,"The emotions or conduct of friends."In both Western and Chinese culture,we have similar proverbs when it comes to friendship,such as"a friend in need is a friend indeed."___36___
Chinese people value friendship highly.As you know,Chinese people are known to be extremely hospitable and open-hearted.___37___ However,there are different types of friend ship and they treat them differently.
One type of friend in China is a"close acquaintance"who only occasionally eats and drinks and hangs out with you.In the West,they are called"a fair-weather(不可共患难的）friend."Nikki was that kind of friend.Despite our language barrier,we had a lot of fun together..____38____ Only real friends can enter your inner circle,where assistance and special care are always provided.
______39______ They tend to make friends with those who share the same values or interests.When foreign friend of mine asks for favors on behalf of his or her friend,I often have to clarify whether that person is a"close friend"or just a friend,and then I will decide how much I will help.
_______40_______ But the depth of that friendship is different.So how will you know how l feel ab out you?Well,the moment I stop being polite around you,you are my real friend.
A. They refer to anyone they know as a"friend."
B. Friendship in the West is mostly pursued for fun.
C. However,there is a cultural gap between the two sides.
D. Of course,Westerners and Chinese people can be good friends.
E. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.
F. The second type of friend in China is a"real friend"who is practically your family.
G. They'll take turns with you in picking up the bill,because that's what good friends do.
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. F 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中西方在友谊文化上的差距。
【36题详解】
根据前一句“In both Western and Chinese culture, we have similar proverbs when it comes to friendship, such as ‘a friend in need is a friend indeed.’”可知，在中西方文化中，我们在友谊方面有类似的谚语，比如“患难与共”。C项“然而，双方在文化上存在差距”承上启下，C项中的“the two sides”和上文“In both Western and Chinese culture”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。
【37题详解】
根据前一句“As you know, Chinese people are known to be extremely hospitable and open-hearted.”可知，众所周知，中国人非常好客，心胸开阔。A项“他们把认识的人称为’朋友’”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据上文的“One type of friend in China is a "close acquaintance" who only occasionally eats and drinks and hangs out with you.”可知，在中国，有一种朋友是“亲密的熟人”，只会偶尔和你一起吃喝喝和闲逛。F项“中国的第二类朋友是“真正的朋友”，实际上就是你的家人”承上启下，F项中的“The second type of friend in China”和上文的“One type of friend in China”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据后一句“They tend to make friends with those who share the same values or interests.”可知，他们倾向于与那些价值观或兴趣相同的人交朋友。B项“西方的友谊主要是为了好玩” 与下文紧密衔接，B项中的“for fun”和下文的“share the same values or interests”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
【40题详解】
根据后一句“But the depth of that friendship is different.”可知，但这种友谊的深度是不同的。D项“当然，西方人和中国人可以成为好朋友”与下文紧密衔接，D项中的“can be good friends”和下文的“that friendship”相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
In August 2017,Southeast Texas was badly affected by Hurricane Harvey.About 30 miles west of Houston,the town of Katy,Texas,took a hard ___41___.Nearly 700 of its homes and 80 businesses were____42____or destroyed.But the locals didn't wait for the rain to ____43____ before opening door ,refrigerators and ______44______to first responders (急救员）,neighbors,strangers .
Beaver Aplin,owner of the popular Bucee's chain of convenience ___45___ was preparing for the grand opening of his newest location just outside Katy.When the ___46___ hit,Aplin opened the store ____47____without thinking twice.He put the word out to first responders,telling them to ____48____what they needed,free of charge.
Meanwhile,the locals ran,drove and paddled(划船）to ___49___ their neighbors.When the water was too deep,rescue came by ___50___.A nearby Bass Pro Shop donated all 80 boats it had-and then its head office ____51____dozens more."We never even got a(n)____52____"says city administrator Byron Hebert.
Other residents found ____53____ways to join in.Shakeib Mashhood used WhatsApp to gather more than 100 volunteers who gave out food and water and____54____storm-damaged homes.
These are just a small part of the ____55____of heroism that came out of Katy.But Mashood,like many others of his fellow Texan heroes,____56____he didn't do anything special."We do what we need to do,"he told Reader's Digest.
Even first responders coming from outside Katy could instantly feel the town's ___57___spirit."We helped people in lots of other areas,too,but Katy was ___58___.Neighbors were going from house to house checking on people and ____59____everyone they could,"David Scherff told Katy Magazine."I was so____60____that I even had thoughts of moving here.I have never seen anything like Katy."
41. A. hit B. choice C. decision D. time
42. A. damaged B. abandoned C. closed D. broken
43. A. begin B. fall C. stop D. come
44. A. windows B. minds C. wallets D. hearts
45. A. restaurants B. pubs C. hotels D. stores
46. A. flood B. storm C. virus D. event
47. A. early B. greatly C. luckily D. suddenly
48. A. ask B. take C. demand D. leave
49. A. meet B. attend C. visit D. rescue
50. A. boat B. bus C. air D. bike
51. A. produced B. sent C. consumed D. released
52. A. bill B. prize C. order D. tool
53. A. effective B. perfect C. available D. creative
54. A. wiped out B. carried away C. cleaned up D. looked for
55. A. stories B. scenes C. signs D. conditions
56. A. insists B. denies C. accepts D. proves
57. A. noble B. selfless C. pure D. mean
58. A. amazing B. interesting C. confusing D. exciting
59. A. guiding B. finding C. helping D. giving
60. A. proud B. afraid C. shocked D. impressed
【答案】41. A 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得克萨斯州的城镇Katy遭遇了一场巨大的风暴，给整个城镇带来了巨大的破坏，但是这里的人们互相帮助，同心协力抗击风暴，给救援人员留下了深刻的印象。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在休斯顿以西约30英里处，得克萨斯州的城镇Katy遭受了重创。A. hit打击，袭击；B. choice选择；C. decision决定；D. time时间。由文章的第一句话In August 2017,Southeast Texas was badly affected by Hurricane Harvey.可知，这个城镇遭受了飓风的重创。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个城镇的将近700所房屋和80家企业遭到破坏或摧毁。A. damaged 损坏，破坏；B. abandoned放弃，抛弃；C. closed 关闭；D. broken打破，打碎。飓风袭击了这个城镇，造成了很多破坏，由destroyed可知，选择damaged是合适的。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当地人没等到大雨停下来就开门，打开冰箱和钱包向急救人员，邻居，陌生人提供帮助。A. begin开始； B. fall下降；C. stop停止；D. come来。尽管飓风很是猛烈，但是人们不等雨停就向急救人员提供力所能及的帮助。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是当地人没等到大雨停下来就开门，打开冰箱和钱包向急救人员，邻居，陌生人提供帮助。A. windows窗户； B. minds头脑，大脑；C. wallets钱包； D. hearts心。人们向急救人员提供力所能及的帮助，结合选项可知，wallets合乎语境，因为在救灾的过程中是需要花钱的。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：受人们欢迎的Bucee连锁便利店的所有者Beaver Aplin正在Katy城外的新场所为盛大的开业做准备。A. restaurants餐馆；B. pubs 酒馆；C. hotels旅馆 ；D. stores商店。本段中提到了store一词，Aplin的连锁店正准备开张。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨来临时，Aplin没有过多考虑就早早地开门。A. flood 洪水；B. storm风暴；C. virus病毒；D. event事件。由第一段的hurricane可知，选择其同义词storm。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨来临时，Aplin没有过多考虑就早早地开门。A. early 早；B. greatly极大；C. luckily 幸运地； D. suddenly突然地。Aplin早早开店的目的是为急救人员提供力所能及的帮助。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向第一批急救人员发布消息，告诉他们可以免费到店里拿他们需要的东西。A. ask问；B. take拿走；C. demand要求；D. leave离开。Aplin为急救人员提供力所能及的帮助，因此告知急救人员可以免费拿店里的东西。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时，当地人奔跑着，开车和划船来营救他们的邻居。A. meet见面；B. attend参加；C. visit拜访；D. rescue营救。rescue一词在下一句中出现了，飓风来临，人们纷纷伸出援助之手，营救遭遇不幸的人。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当水太深时，人们乘船进行救援。A. boat 船；B. bus公共汽车；C. air空气；D. bike自行车。水很深，因此救援要靠船，下一句提到了boat。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：附近的Bass Pro Shop捐赠了它拥有的所有80艘船，然后总公司又派了几十艘船。A. produced生产；B. sent发送；C. consumed消耗；D. released释放。该处表示这家公司捐出了所有的船只后，其总部又送来了很多船只。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：城市管理者Byron Hebert说：“我们甚至从未收到帐单”。A. bill账单；B. prize奖品；C. order 订单；D. tool工具。船只都是捐赠来的，因此该公司没有向这个城镇索要任何金钱。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他居民找到了独特的参与方式。A. effective有效的；B. perfect 完美的； C. available 可用的；D. creative独特的。后文举例子提到了人们使用应用软件来寻找志愿者抗击灾难的方式，看得出这样做是很有独创性的。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shakeib Mashhood使用WhatsApp聚集了100多名志愿者，他们提供了食物和水，并清理了被暴风雨破坏的房屋。A. wiped out擦去；B. carried away带走； C. cleaned up清理 ；D. looked for寻找。风暴给家园带来破坏，志愿者在帮忙清理被破坏的现场。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些只是Katy这个城镇英雄主义故事的一小部分。A. stories故事；B. scenes场景；C. signs标志；D. conditions条件。后文举例说明了一个英雄事例，因此选择stories合乎语境。故选A项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，Mashood和他的许多德克萨斯英雄一样，坚持认为他没有做任何特别的事情。 A. insists坚持；B. denies否认；C. accepts接受；D. proves证明。由but表示转折可知，在Mashood的心中，他坚持认为自己没有做什么特殊的事情。故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是来自Katy以外的第一批救援者也能很快感受到该镇的无私精神。A. noble高贵的；B. selfless无私的；C. pure纯正的；D. mean卑鄙的。灾难来临，人们纷纷伸出援助之手，为救援人员提供自己的一份力量，看得出人们的无私奉献。故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也帮助了许多其他地区的人们，但Katy真是了不起。A. amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊叹的；B. interesting有趣的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。从David Scherff所说的话看得出，他对这个城镇的人们的评价是很高的，选择amazing合乎语境。 故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们挨家挨户检查人们，并尽力帮助他们。A. guiding 指导；B. finding找到；C. helping 帮助；D. giving给予。灾难来临，人们互相帮助，因此help合乎语境，这是文章的主题所在。故选C项。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我印象深刻，甚至想要搬到这里生活。A. proud骄傲的；B. afraid 害怕的；C. shocked震惊的；D. impressed印象深刻的。David Scherff 甚至想要搬到这里来居住，说明他对这里的印象非常好，被这里的人们所打动。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___61___, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ___62___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___63___ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And as more children were born, more food ___64___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.
By about 6000 BC, people ___65___(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ___66___(season), planting at the right time and in dry areas, ___67___(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then with ___68___ rise of science, changes began. New methods meant fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or ___69___, these changes have accelerated(加速). New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(人造化肥)have now ___70___(entire)transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】61. in 62. what
63. than 64. was needed
65. had discovered
66. seasons
67. making 68. the 69. so
70. entirely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展和对人类社会的影响。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：公元前10,000年后的某个时候，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们生活的世界。根据空格前的动词live和名词the world可知，空格处应该填入介词in（live in the world）。故填in。
【62题详解】
考查连接代词。句意：几千年来，他们开始减少对可以从野外狩猎或采集的东西的依赖，更多地依靠他们饲养的动物和播种的作物。根据句意分析句子可知， could be hunted or gathered from the wild是一个宾语从句，该宾语从句缺少主语，应该空格处应该填入一个连接代词引导宾语从句，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what。故填what。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：农业比狩猎和采集人均产出更多食物，因此人们能够养育更多的孩子。根据句意和句中的more可知，空格处应该填入than用于比较。故填than。
【64题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：随着更多的孩子出生，需要更多的食物。根据前面从句的时态是一般过去时可知，后面主句的时态也应该用一般过去时；主语food和谓语动词need之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语food是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填was needed。
【65题详解】
考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最好的庄稼和动物。根据时间状语by about 6000BC可知，该句子应该用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
【66题详解】
考查可数名词单复数。句意：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在合适的时间种植，并在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉田地。根据句意和所给可数名词season可知，一年中的季节肯定不止一个，所以空格处应该填入season的复数形式seasons。故填seasons。
【67题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：后来，他们学会了顺应季节，在合适的时间种植，并在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉田地。根据句意和所给动词make以及空格前的连词and分析句子可知，空格处应该填入和planting并列的非谓语形式making作状语。故填making。
【68题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后随着科学的兴起，变化开始了。根据句意和rise后的定语of science可知，空格处应该用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
【69题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在上个世纪左右，这些变化加速了。根据句意和空格前的or可知，此处是考查固定短语or so（大约，左右）。故填so。
【70题详解】
考查副词。句意：新的动力机械和人工肥料现在已经完全改变了石器时代的生活方式。根据句意和所给形容词entire以及空格后的动词transformed可知，空格处应该填入entire的副词形式entirely作状语，修饰后面的动词transformed。故填entirely。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Li Yue has awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” due to that she did for our class.
In the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Li Yue walked from one store to another, with the purpose of looking for the costume we would wear in the singing contest. While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time, but she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting. Finally, she found the right clothes. We were such moved by her efforts that we tried our best and won the first prize in a contest.
Li Yue is always warm-hearted and cared a lot about the class. However, she deserves the honour and we should learn from him.
【答案】1.has后添加been
2.that→what
3.In→On
4.costume→costumes
5.删除but
6.such→so
7.a→the
8.cared→cares
9.However→Therefore
10.him→her
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者班的每周明星学生李悦（音译）。
【详解】1.考查语态。句意：由于她为我们班所做的一切，李悦被评为“本周明星学生”。此处主语Li Yue与award构成被动关系，结合has可知为现在完成时的被动语态，故has后添加been。
2.考查宾语从句。句意：由于她为我们班所做的一切，李悦被评为“本周明星学生”。due to后是宾语从句，从句中did缺少宾语，指事情应用what引导。故that改为what。
3.考查介词。句意：在上周六炎热的下午，李悦从一家商店走到另一家商店，目的是寻找我们在歌唱比赛中穿的服装。特指在某天的上午/下午，前面要用介词on。故In改为On。
4.考查名词的数。句意：在上周六炎热的下午，李悦从一家商店走到另一家商店，目的是寻找我们在歌唱比赛中穿的服装。根据后文we可知costume数量大于一，应用复数形式。故costume改为costumes。
5.考查状语从句。句意：当我们大家都在享受闲暇时光的时候，她却花了整个下午的时间来寻找和挑选。此处为while引导时间状语从句，she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting为主句，前面不需要连词。故删除but。
6.考查副词。句意：我们被她的努力感动了，我们尽了最大的努力，在比赛中获得了第一名。修饰形容词moved应用副词so；such用于修饰名词。故such改为so。
7.考查冠词。句意：我们被她的努力感动了，我们尽了最大的努力，在比赛中获得了第一名。此处特指上文提到的歌唱比赛，应用定冠词修饰。故a改为the。
8.考查时态。句意：李悦总是很热心，很关心班级。根据上文Li Yue is always warm-hearted and可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故cared改为cares。
9.考查副词。句意：因此她配得上这份荣誉，我们应该向她学习。此处前后文为因果关系，应用连接副词therefore。故However改为Therefore。
10.考查代词。句意：因此她配得上这份荣誉，我们应该向她学习。结合上文she可知，李悦是女孩，应用代词her作宾语。故him改为her。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 假如你是精英中学学生会主席李华，你校将于2月25日接待美国某中学的游学团。你受学校委托，给美国的领队格林先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动安排并征求对方的意见。内容包括：
1.上午参观学校并交流校园文化；2.中午在学校食堂吃中国传统美食；3.下午与你校学生游览本地博物馆。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Mr.Green,
I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union at Jingying High School. I'm pleased to know that you are coming to visit our school on February 25. I'm writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.
In the morning, you will be shown around the school, during which, visitors and students from our school can communicate with each other, talking about school life and cultural differences. At noon, you are invited to have lunch in our school canteen. You can taste dumplings, moon cakes and other traditional Chinese food. In the afternoon, students in our school will show you around our local museum, where there are many Chinese antiques.
What do you think of the arrangements? I hope you will have a nice time here.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生作为学生会主席给美国某中学的游学团的领队格林先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动安排并征求对方的意见。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般将来时和一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 参观学校并交流校园文化。（Visit the school and exchange campus culture）
2. 在学校食堂吃中国传统美食。（Eat traditional Chinese food in the school canteen）
3. 游览本地博物馆。（Visit the local museum）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be pleased to know that; arrange sth. for sb. ; show around ; communicate with ; have a nice time
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union at Jingying High School.
2. I'm pleased to know that you are coming to visit our school on February 25.
3. I'm writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.
4. In the morning, you will be shown around the school, during which, visitors and students from our school can communicate with each other, talking about school life and cultural differences.
5. At noon, you are invited to have lunch in our school canteen.
6. You can taste dumplings, moon cakes and other traditional Chinese food.
7. In the afternoon, students in our school will show you around our local museum, where there are many Chinese antiques.
8. What do you think of the arrangements?
9. I hope you will have a nice time here.
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：In the afternoon, students in our school will show you around our local museum, where there are many Chinese antiques.这句话运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如arrange sth. for sb. ; show around ; communicate with ; have a nice time等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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