2023年湖南省长沙市华益中学中考英语5月份模拟试题（含答案）

这是一份2023年湖南省长沙市华益中学中考英语5月份模拟试题（含答案），共19页。
2023年湖南省长沙市华益中学中考英语模拟试卷（5月份） A
Former Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou visited the Chinese mainland

Time
From March 27 to April 7
Activities
★To worship（祭奠） his ancestors（祖先） on Tomb Sweeping Day.This was the first time Ma had set foot in his ancestral home in Xiangtan.
★To lead young Taiwan students to have more exchanges with mainland students.
★To visit historical sites to call on people to work hard for the revitalization（振兴） of the nation.

1. How long did Ma Ying-jeou's visit to the Chinese mainland last？ ______
A. 11 days. B. 12 days. C. 13 days.
2. What do we know from the chart？ ______
A. It wasn't the first time Ma Ying-jeou had set foot in his ancestral home in Xiangtan.
B. Ma Ying-jeou visited some historical sites in the Chinese motherland during the visit.
C. Ma Ying-jeou led mainland students to have more exchanges with young Taiwan students.
B
Do you know at what age do children in some English-speaking countries go to school？When can they leave school？How many hours do they stay in school every day？You can find answers from the following text.


Children begin school at the age of five.At 11，they go to a high school for six years.Australia is a very big country，so，in some areas，there aren't any schools，and pupils study at home.The "School of the Air" started in Alice Springs，in the desert.Pupils listen to their lessons on the radio，and today they use computers and emails，too.

Children start elementary school（小学） at six.When they are 12，they go to a junior high school.At 15，pupils change to a senior high school where they can choose what they want to study.They usually stay there for three years.At the end of their final year，they have a big party.It's called "the senior prom".

Children go to school from Monday to Friday.They start school at the age of four or five and they leave at 16 or 18.When they are 11，they go to a secondary school.Lessons start at about 9 am and finish at 3：30 pm.Pupils eat lunch in the canteen（餐厅） or take their own lunch.When school finishes，some children go to clubs，such as music or computer clubs.

3. How do students in Alice Springs study？ ______
①By listening to the radio.
②By using computers.
③By using emails.
④By watching TV.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④
4. American students in a（n） ______ can choose what they want to study.
A. elementary school B. junior high school
C. senior high school
5. Which of following sentences is TRUE？ ______
A. Lessons in Britain start at about 8 am and finish at 3：30 pm.
B. American students go to a junior high school at the age of 13.
C. Australia is a big country，so in some areas there aren't any schools.
C
"Art is long，life is short，" read a statement（声明） on March 28 when Japanese composer（作曲家） and musician Ryuichi Sakamoto passed away at the age of 71.
Sakamoto took a great interest in music when he was a little boy.He began studying composition at 11 and studied music in college.When he was a high school student in Tokyo，he would ride the train and make himself happy by listening to the sounds it made.
In 1978，he formed a music group called Yellow Magic Orchestra（交响乐团）.He made songs that influenced early hip-hop.
But what made Sakamoto world-famous was his film music.In 1983，he composed the music for the movie Merry Christmas Mr.Lawrence.His film score for The Last Emperor won him an Oscar in 1988.
Sakamoto always paid close attention to the real world and human society.In 2020，he gave a nonprofit（公益的） music performance for Wuhan people who were fighting the pandemic（流行病）.He used Chinese-style instruments such as gongs（锣） made in Wuhan to bring people courage.
He also spoke against nuclear power（核能） following the 2011 Fukushima disaster.When visiting the disaster area，he found a water-damaged piano.He repaired it and made it into a work of art.The instrument then became a machine that made sounds from seismic data（地震数据） collected from around the world.This was his way of reminding people to never forget the disaster.
6. Sakamoto's experience on the train showed that ______ .
A. he was very interested in music
B. he could compose with noises
C. he liked to take trains to travel
7. Sakamoto became world-famous for ______ .
A. his music group B. early hip-hop music
C. his composition for films
8. What does the underlined world "score" mean in Paragraph 4？ ______
A. 评分 B. 得分 C. 配乐
9. How did Sakamoto remind people of the Fukushima disaster？ ______
A. He held a themed music performance.
B. He made a piano into artwork as a reminder.
C. He composed a song using a damaged piano.
10. What's the best title of this passage？ ______
A. A timeless composer.
B. Ryuichi Sakamoto's death.
C. Ryuichi Sakamoto's love for music.
D
What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years？
"Lots of fresh vegetables，" says Dr.Janet Williams，whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station.And it's a good thing that she has already started her work，because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual，astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room.He had planted Dr.Williams's quick-growing seedlings（幼苗） in it，but none of the stem（茎） were showing.He opened the room to check and found the problem.The stems weren't growing upward and the roots（根） weren't growing downward.On the earth，gravity（重力） helps a plant's stems and roots to find "up" and "down".However，in the space station，there was almost no gravity.
Dr.Williams suggested a solution：give the plants more light，as plants also use sunlight to find their way.And it worked.When the plants had more light，the stems turned up and the roots went down.
Now Dr.Williams was free to worry about the next problem：Would her baby plants live to flower？Can we grow food on a space journey？
Many plants died in the space station.Dr.Williams thought she knew why：the space plants were hungry for air.Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air.Since a plant uses it up in the air around，the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 close to its surface!On the earth，the air is always moving.Gravity pulls down cold air，and warm air rises.And with these air movements，plants get enough CO2.
Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used closed rooms.Dr.Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air moving.The plants loved it.They flowered and even produced more seeds.Using Dr.Williams's method，astronaut George completed the first seed-to-seed experiment in space，and moved one plant closer to a garden in space.
11. Why did Dr.Williams's team want to grow plants in space？ ______
A. To build a beautiful space garden with trees and flowers.
B. To produce fresh air and enough light for the astronauts.
C. To provide food for astronauts during long space journeys.
12. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ .
A. the way of giving the plants gravity
B. the way of giving the plants more light
C. the way of giving the plants moving air
13. How did Dr.Williams solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. By building a greenhouse with a fan to keep the air moving.
B. By giving the plants more light to flower and produce seeds.
C. By showing the astronauts when and where to plant vegetables.
14. The followings are the reasons why space gardening can be difficult EXCEPT that ______ .
A. the air condition is not good enough in space
B. there is not enough room for the plants to grow
C. the plants can't grow in the right direction in the space station
15. From the passage，what can we learn about Dr.Williams's team？ ______
A. They only live on fresh vegetables.
B. They failed to grow plants in space.
C. They have worked on space gardening for years.
16. One of the reasons why we aren't so good at friendship is that we don't have a clear idea of what a really good friend might be like.（1） ______
Firstly，the ideal friend knows how to show weakness.（2） ______ Instead，they often let us know embarrassing things about themselves.Secondly，they're really interested in our sadness and difficulties.（3） ______ They're not judgmental（评头论足的）.Thirdly，the proper friend always makes us feel less worried.They know we are so anxious that we need to be treated very gently.Fourthly，a true friend helps build our self-understanding.There are so many things we don't completely understand about who we are.We get mad or upset and we don't really know why.The true friends are always there to listen.（4） ______ Fifthly，they help us think.We don't quite know what we think until a proper friend gently asks us to explain why we're impressed by it，and to find good answers to possible objections（反对意见）.（5） ______ The good friend likes us in ways we're not easily able to.We always see our disadvantages but they always see differently.We need a friend because we're easy to be unfriendly to ourselves.
We tend to think that a true friend must be someone we spend a lot of time with，but actually the ideal other becomes part of us...

A.Finally，they help us to like ourselves.
B.It may therefore be worth trying to draw up a list.
C.They're not shocked or even surprised by our stupid things.
D.The ideal friend doesn't try to prove how successful they are.
E.They also help us to deal with and manage our feelings.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
17. So you're watching TV now.Suddenly，your ear starts to feel a little bit itchy（发痒的）.You start digging with your finger.After you dig your little finger around in your ear for a while，you dig out a little brown ball.That's earwax（耳屎）.It is produced in inner ear canals（内耳道）.
The small dirt，the dead skin cells（细胞），sweat and oils in the canal mix together to form these little brown or yellow balls.They help keep the skin in our ears healthy and moist（湿润的），and protect the ear canal from infections（感染）.
However，the helpful earwax can sometimes make our ears itchy.At that point，should we try to get it out？In fact，while we may be able to get a little bit of the earwax out，we're probably just pushing more of it back in.If a person keeps pushing more and more earwax back in，the inner end of his or her ear canal will end up becoming filled with earwax.If you do find that there is more earwax in the ear canals，you can use some small soft tools to help clean ears.If the condition is serious and the hearing is influenced，you need to see a doctor to get it cleaned out.
In our daily lives，the best way to get the extra earwax out of our ears is just leaving it alone.This is because the ear canal will naturally push it out.When you run，shower or do other things，the earwax will slowly fall out.Although this process is slow，it's natural and healthy.
(1) Where is earwax produced？ ______
(2) How does earwax form according to the passage？ ______
(3) What can you use to help clean ears？ ______
(4) Is it necessary to see a doctor if earwax makes your hearing worse？ ______
(5) Why is leaving it alone the best way to get the extra earwax out of ears？ ______
Last summer，I went on a river trek （徒步旅行） with my mother and some British friends.The river was not wide，but it was（1） ______ fast.The rocks in the river were so slippery（滑的） that it was（2） ______ for us to walk.We walked（3） ______ ，but the freezing water still flooded into our shoes and trousers.I was getting very cold and tired.I wanted to give up，but when I saw other kids moving so fast，I felt ashamed（惭愧的）.This encouraged me to keep following them，（4） ______ I was far behind.It was even more difficult during the last part of the walk.I became so tired that I（5） ______ my footing and fell several times.But with the help of mother and my friends，I got to my feet and kept going each time I fell.
At last，we arrived at our destination（目的地）by a waterfall.Everybody jumped into the pond（6） ______ a high rock.When it was my（7） ______ ，I was very scared and tried to hide around a corner.My friends noticed this and（8） ______ me："Come on，Kevin!You can do this!" With my eyes closed，I jumped into the pond.Although I am not as（9） ______ as my British friends，I completed our trek.This experience made me realize what perseverance （坚持不懈）is，and how it will always be important to everyone in life!（10） ______ I exercise hard every day，I can become strong like my British friends.
18.  A. riding B. running C. falling
19.  A. hard B. easy C. cold
20.  A. carefully B. quickly C. secretly
21.  A. as if B. even C. though
22.  A. lost B. picked C. threw
23.  A. on B. at C. from
24.  A. duty. B. choice C. turn
25.  A. encouraged B. laughed C. shouted
26.  A. lucky B. strong C. smart
27.  A. Whether B. If C. Although
28. Parents always tell their kids to dream big，and the US has taken that to heart.Alena Wicker，（1） ______ 12-year-old girl in Texas，dreams of becoming a NASA（英国宇航局） engineer by age sixteen.
It may sound（2） ______ （ possible），but Alena is not a common girl — she's both clever and hard-working.She is also learning Spanish and Arabic by （3） ______ （ she）.Alena is now studying at her dream university.She shows great（4） ______ （interesting）in engineering because she has great love for building things.She would love to build prober（探测器） to go to space.
Believe it or not，the story started with Lego.Ever since she was four，Alena（5） ______ （ play）around with different types of Lego and developed a great love for building things.Little Alena used to look at the stars and said（6） ______ （ serious），"Mum，I'm going to work（7） ______ NASA.I'm going to go up there."
Alena is planning to write a children's book and set up a website. "I'd like to encourage more girls（8） ______ （ follow） their dreams.Girls should also dream big and become whatever they want to be in the world，" she said.
Alena won't let anything stop her（9） ______ （ achieve） her dreams. "I have a goal and I am working towards it.No matter（10） ______ you're planning to do，just go for it，" she says. "No one can hold us down.Just reach for the stars."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
29. The erhu is one of the most typical Chinese instruments.（1） 它有着一千多年的悠久历史。The exact time of its development is unclear，although it is widely accepted to have originated（起源） during the Tang Dynasty.（2） As a traditional instrument，the erhu is very popular with folk musicians.
The name of this instrument has two characters，namely "二" and "胡".The first character is thought to refer to its two-stringed（两弦的） design.The second one shows that it belongs to the huqin family.
（ 3） Although it is known as the Chinese violin，the erhu is quite different from the Western violin. It has a long neck that looks like a stick with two tuning pegs（调音弦轴） at the top of the neck.At its bottom，you will find a small soundbox covered in a kind of snake skin on its front end.The bow is placed between its two strings.Traditionally，the two strings are made of silk，but metal strings are more often used now.（4） 很多不同种类的木材可以用来制作二胡。 While playing，a performer usually sits with the bottom of the erhu on his or her left upper leg.
The tone（音质） of the erhu is very much like a human voice.（5） Besides，it can copy many natural sounds，such as the voice of birds. Horse Racing and The Moon Reflected in the Second Spring （Erquan Yingyue） are the classic erhu music.
（1） ______
（2） ______
（3） ______
（4） ______
（5） ______
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
30. 中考日益临近，有许多同学利用周末和节假日上课外补习班以便能提高成绩。对此，你的班级开展了"中学生应不应该上课外补习班"的讨论，同学们各抒已见。请你综合并完善以下两种不同的观点，再谈谈自己赞成哪种观点及理由。
写作要求：
80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
条理清楚，语句通顺，上下文连贯，标点正确；
文中不得出现真实人名和校名。


Calvin


After-school classes can help students learn better and get into a good high school.....

Linda

We need time to rest and relax after a busy week.
After-classes will cause a lot of stress......
Recently we have had a lively discussion about whether middle students should take after-school classes on Weekends or holidays.Different students have different ideas.
答案和解析

1~2.【答案】B、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文中第二行表格中Time：From March 27 to April 7（时间：从3月27日至4月7日）可推知，马英九对中国大陆的访问持续了12天（三月从27日至31日，共5天；四月从1日至7日，共7天；共计12天）。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中最后一个表格中To visit historical sites to call on people to work hard for the revitalization of the nation.（参观名胜古迹，号召人们为民族复兴而努力奋斗。）可知，马英九在访问期间参观了中国的一些历史遗迹。故选B。
本文是一则新闻报道，报道了台湾前领导人马英九访问了中国大陆的新闻。
解答本篇阅读理解题时，需先通读全文，了解文章大意，再根据各题的考查点，在原文对应的细节处，仔细研读，方能正确解答。

3~5.【答案】A、C、C
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据表格一中Pupils listen to their lessons on the radio，and today they use computers and emails，too.（学生们听收音机上课，现在他们也使用电脑和电子邮件。）可知，艾利斯斯普林斯通过听收音机，使用计算机和电子邮件来学习。故选A。
（2）根据表格二中At 15，pupils change to a senior high school where they can choose what they want to study.（在15岁时，学生升入高中，在那里他们可以选择自己想学的专业。）可知，美国高中生可以选择他们想学的专业。故选C。
（3）根据表格一中Australia is a very big country，so，in some areas，there aren't any schools，and pupils study at home.（澳大利亚是一个非常大的国家，所以在一些地区，没有学校，学生们在家学习。）可知，澳大利亚是一个大国，所以有些地区没有学校。故选C。
本文主要介绍了说英语国家孩子的上下学时间及其校园生活。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。

6~10.【答案】A、C、C、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Sakamoto took a great interest in music when he was a little boy.He began studying composition at 11 and studied music in college.When he was a high school student in Tokyo，he would ride the train and make himself happy by listening to the sounds it made.（坂本小时候就对音乐产生了浓厚的兴趣。他11岁开始学习作曲，在大学学习音乐。当他在东京上高中的时候，他会乘坐火车，听着火车发出的声音让自己开心。）可知，坂本在火车上的经历表明了他对音乐很感兴趣。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段But what made Sakamoto world-famous was his film music.（但令坂本闻名世界的是他的电影音乐。）可知，坂本因其为电影创作的作品而闻名世界。故选C。
（3）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句His film  score for The Last Emperor won him an Oscar in 1988.（1988年，他为《末代皇帝》的......为他赢得了奥斯卡奖。）结合选项可知，是指为这个电影配乐。所以划线词意为"配乐"。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段He also spoke against nuclear power（核能）following the 2011 Fukushima disaster.When visiting the disaster area，he found a water-damaged piano.He repaired it and made it into a work of art.The instrument then became a machine that made sounds from seismic data（地震数据）collected from around the world.This was his way of reminding people to never forget the disaster.（2011年福岛核灾难发生后，他还发表了反对核电的言论。在访问灾区时，他发现了一架被水损坏的钢琴。他把它修好，做成了一件艺术品。这种仪器后来变成了一种从世界各地收集地震数据发出声音的机器。这是他提醒人们永远不要忘记灾难的方式。）可知，坂本是通过把一架钢琴做成了艺术品来作为提醒。故选B。
（5）标题归纳题。根据第一"Art is long，life is short，" read a statement（声明） on March 28 when Japanese composer（作曲家） and musician Ryuichi Sakamoto passed away at the age of 71.（3月28日，日本作曲家、音乐家坂本龙一去世，享年71岁，他在一份声明中写道："艺术无涯，生命短暂。"）以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了日本作曲家、音乐家坂本龙一。所以本文的最佳标题是"一位不朽的作曲家"。故选A。
本文主要介绍了日本作曲家、音乐家坂本龙一。
答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。

11~15.【答案】C、B、A、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years？（当一次太空旅行需要几年时间时，宇航员吃什么呢？）  以及"Lots of fresh vegetables，" says Dr.Janet Williams，whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station.（"很多新鲜蔬菜，"珍妮特•威廉姆斯博士说，他的团队花了10年的时间学习如何在空间站种植植物。）可知，威廉姆斯博士的团队想在太空种植植物是为了给长途太空旅行的宇航员提供食物。故选C。
（2）代词指代题。根据第四段Dr.Williams suggested a solution：give the plants more light，as plants also use sunlight to find their way.And it worked.（威廉姆斯博士提出了一个解决方案：给植物更多的光，因为植物也利用阳光来找到自己的路。这招奏效了。）可知，代词it代指的是给植物更多光照的方法。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段On the earth，the air is always moving.Gravity pulls down cold air，and warm air rises.And with these air movements，plants get enoughCO2.（在地球上，空气总是在流动。重力使冷空气下降，暖空气上升。通过这些空气运动，植物获得了足够的二氧化碳。）以及第六段Dr.Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air moving.（威廉斯博士尝试了一个有风扇保持空气流动的新温室。）可知，想要解决二氧化碳的问题可以建造一个有风扇的温室来保持空气流动。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据第三段The stems weren't growing upward and the roots weren't growing downward.（茎不再向上生长，根不再向下生长。）第六段Dr.Williams thought she knew why：the space plants were hungry for air.（威廉姆斯博士认为她知道为什么：太空植物需要空气。）可知，选项B"没有足够的空间让植物生长"没有提及。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据第二段"Lots of fresh vegetables，" says Dr.Janet Williams，whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station.And it's a good thing that she has already started her work，because space gardening can be really hard.（"很多新鲜蔬菜，"珍妮特•威廉姆斯博士说，她的团队在过去的10年里一直在学习如何在空间站种植植物。幸好她已经开始工作了，因为太空园艺真的很难。）可知，威廉姆斯博士的团队研究太空园艺已有多年。故选C。
本文主要讲述了科学家们对太空植物种植的研究，解决了长期执行太空任务的宇航员的食物问题。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。

16.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
【小题4】E
【小题5】A
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据上文One of the reasons why we aren't so good at friendship is that we don't have a clear idea of what a really good friend might be like.（我们不太擅长友谊的原因之一是我们不清楚一个真正的好朋友可能是什么样子）可知，提到不太擅长友谊的原因，此处应说结果"因此，可能值得尝试拟定一份清单。"符合题意，故选：B。
（2）根据上文Firstly，the ideal friend knows how to show weakness.（首先，理想的朋友知道如何示弱。）可知，提到理想的朋友，此处应说"理想的朋友不会试图证明自己有多成功。"符合题意，故选：D。
（3）根据下文They're not judgmental.（他们不会评头论足。）可知，提到他们做法，此处应说"他们对我们愚蠢的事情并不感到震惊，甚至不感到惊讶。"符合题意，故选：C。
（4）根据下文The true friends are always there to listen.（真正的朋友一直在那里倾听。）可知，提到真正的朋友做法，此处应说"他们也帮助我们处理和管理我们的感受。"符合题意，故选：E。
（5）根据The good friend likes us in ways we're not easily able to.（好朋友喜欢我们的方式是我们不容易做到的。）可知，提到好朋友做法，此处应说"最后，他们帮助我们喜欢自己。"符合题意，故选：A。
本文讲了青少年在青春期时不清楚一个真正的好朋友可能是什么样子，本文告诉他们一个真正的朋友一定是和他们一起度过很多时间的人。
做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案。

17.【答案】【小题1】In inner ear canals.
【小题2】The small dirt，the dead skin cells，sweat and oils in the canal mix together to form it.
【小题3】Some small soft tools.
【小题4】Yes，it is.
【小题5】Because the ear canal will naturally push it out.
【解析】细节理解题。
（1）根据第一段That's earwax.It is produced in inner ear canals.（那是耳垢。它是在内耳道产生的。）可知，耳垢产生在内耳道。故答案为：In inner ear canals.
（2）根据第二段The small dirt，the dead skin cells，sweat and oils in the canal mix together to form these little brown or yellow balls.（细小的污垢、死皮细胞、汗液和淋巴管中的油脂混合在一起形成这些棕色或黄色的小球。）可知，耳垢是由细小的污垢、死皮细胞、毛孔中的汗液和油脂混合在一起形成的。故答案为：The small dirt，the dead skin cells，sweat and oils in the canal mix together to form it.
（3）根据第三段If you do find that there is more earwax in the ear canals，you can use some small soft tools to help clean ears.（如果你确实发现耳道中有更多的耳垢，你可以使用一些小的软工具来帮助清洁耳朵。）可知，我们应使用使用一些小的软工具来帮助清洁耳朵。故答案为：Some small soft tools.
（4）根据第三段If the condition is serious and the hearing is influenced，you need to see a doctor to get it cleaned out.（如果情况严重，影响了听力，你需要去看医生把它清理干净。）可知，如果耳垢使听力变差，有必要去看医生的。故答案为：Yes，it is.
（5）根据最后一段In our daily lives，the best way to get the extra earwax out of our ears is just leaving it alone.This is because the ear canal will naturally push it out.（在我们的日常生活中，清除多余耳垢的最好方法就是不去管它。这是因为耳道会自然地把它推出去。）可知，最好不要去管耳垢，因为耳道会自然地把它推出去。故答案为：Because the ear canal will naturally push it out.
这篇短文讲述了耳垢是如何产生的以及如何清理。
这是阅读问答题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及知识运用能力，答题时细节理解题可直接根据文中细节得出答案。

18~27.【答案】B、A、A、C、A、C、C、A、B、B
【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：河不宽，但流得很快。A.riding骑；B.running 跑，运行，流淌；C.falling落下，下降。根据语境，可知河不宽，但河水流得很快。故选B。
（2）考查形容词。句意：河里的岩石那么湿滑，以致于我们走起来很困难。A.hard困难的；B.easy容易的；C.cold寒冷的。根据The rocks in the river were so slippery（河中的岩石那么湿滑）可知走起来很困难。故选A。
（3）考查副词。句意：担心摔倒，我走得很小心。A.carefully仔细地，认真地，小心地；B.quickly迅速地；C.secretly秘密地。根据前文Being worried about falling down（担心摔倒）可知担心摔倒要小心地走。故选A。
（4）考查连词。句意：这鼓励我继续跟着他们走，即使我落后了。A.as if好像；B.even甚至；C.though即使，尽管。根据语境This encouraged me to keep following them，...I was far behind.（这鼓励我继续跟着他们，......我落后了。）可知，后文是though引导的让步状语从句。故选C。
（5）考查动词。句意：我太累了，以致于我失去了根基，摔了好几次。A.lost丢失，失去；B.picked捡，拾；C.threw扔，投。根据后面宾语my footing（我的基础/立足点）以及fell several times（跌倒好几次）可知，是失去平衡或根基，摔倒好多次。故选A。
（6）考查介词。句意：每个人从一个高大的岩石上跳入池塘。A.on在......上面；B.at在；C.from从......，来自。根据语境，可知是从岩石上跳入池塘。故选C。
（7）考查名词。句意：当轮到我时，我非常害怕，尽力躲到角落里。A.duty职责，责任；B.choice选择；C.turn顺序，轮流。根据语境，可知是固定句型It's one's turn to do sth"轮到某人做某事"，因此这里是轮到我的时候。故选C。
（8）考查动词。句意：我朋友注意到这，鼓励我说："加油，凯文!你能做到!"A.encouraged鼓励；B.laughed笑，大笑；C.shouted喊叫。根据后文Come on，Kevin!You can do this!（加油，凯文!你能做到!）可知，是鼓励Kevin。故选A。
（9）考查形容词。句意：虽然我不如我的英国朋友们强壮，但是我完成了远足。A.lucky幸运的；B.strong强壮的；C.smart聪明的。根据最后一段I can become strong like my British friends.（我可以变得像我的英国朋友一样坚强。）可知说的是要变得像英国朋友一样强壮，而此时不如英国朋友强壮。故选B。
（10）考查连词。句意：我也相信，如果我每天努力锻炼，我会变得像我的英国朋友那么强壮。A.Whether无论，是否；B.If如果，是否；C.Although虽然，尽管。根据语境And I also believe ...I exercise hard every day，I can become strong like my British friends.（我也相信......我每天努力锻炼，我会变得像我的英国朋友那么强壮。）可知宾语从句是含有if引导条件状语从句的主从复合句，每天努力是变得强壮的条件。故选B。
本文记述了作者的一次徒步旅行的经历，途经坎坷，作者最终成功地完成了旅行。这次难忘的经历让作者明白了坚持是什么，给作者以自信和勇气，帮助作者在以后的生活中遇到困难时，继续前行，永不放弃。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。

28.【答案】【小题1】a
【小题2】impossible
【小题3】herself
【小题4】interest
【小题5】has played
【小题6】seriously
【小题7】for
【小题8】to follow
【小题9】achieving
【小题10】what
【解析】（1）考查冠词。句意：德克萨斯州12岁的女孩Alena Wicker梦想在16岁时成为一名美国国家航空航天局的工程师。根据句意可知，此处泛指"女孩"，且12的英语是twelve，是以辅音音素开头的，所以应填不定冠词a。故填a。
（2）考查形容词。句意：这听起来似乎不可能，但Alena不是一个普通的女孩——她既聪明又勤奋。possible"可能的"，根据上文Alena Wicker，a 12-year-old girl in Texas，dreams of becoming a NASA（英国宇航局） engineer by age sixteen.（德克萨斯州12岁的女孩Alena Wicker梦想在16岁时成为一名美国国家航空航天局的工程师。）可知，应是听起来是不可能的，impossible"不可能的"符合题意。故填impossible。
（3）考查代词。句意：她也在自学西班牙语和阿拉伯语。she"她"，人称代词主格，learn by oneself"自学"，主语是She，所以应填herself。故填herself。
（4）考查名词。句意：她对工程学表现出极大的兴趣，因为她热爱建筑。interesting"有趣的"，是形容词，分析句子可知，此处应填名词，interest"兴趣"符合题意。interest作"兴趣"讲时是不可数名词，所以应填interest。故填interest。
（5）考查动词现在完成时。句意：从四岁开始，Alena就一直在玩不同类型的乐高玩具，并对建造东西产生了浓厚的兴趣。play"玩"，是动词，根据句中的since"自从"可知，该句为现在完成时态，现在完成时的结构为：have/has+动词过去分词。主语是Alena，所以应用has，play的过去分词是played。故填has played。
（6）考查副词。句意：小Alena过去常常看着星星，严肃地说："妈妈，我打算去美国国家航空航天局工作。我要去那里。"serious"严肃的"，是形容词，分析句子可知，空格处在句中修饰动词said，所以应填副词，seriously"严肃地"符合题意。故填seriously。
（7）考查介词。句意：小Alena过去常常看着星星，严肃地说："妈妈，我打算去美国国家航空航天局工作。我要去那里。"work for"为…工作"，固定搭配。故填for。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：我想鼓励更多的女孩去追求自己的梦想。follow"追求"，是动词，encourage sb.to do sth."鼓励某人做某事"，固定搭配，所以应填动词不定式。故填to follow。
（9）考查动名词。句意：Alena不会让任何事情阻止她实现自己的梦想。achieve"实现"，是动词，stop sb.doing sth."阻止某人做某事"。故填achieving。
（10）考查关系代词。句意：不管你打算做什么，只管去做。根据句意可知，此处指"做什么"，what"什么"符合题意。故填what。
本文主要介绍美国德克萨斯州一个名叫Alena Wicker的女孩在为实现成为一名工程师的梦想而不断努力的过程。
语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。

29.【答案】【小题1】It has a long history of over 1，000 years.
【小题2】作为一种传统乐器，二胡很受民间音乐家的欢迎。
【小题3】尽管被称为 "中国小提琴"，二胡与西洋小提琴全然不同。
【小题4】Many different kinds of wood can be used to make the erhu.
【小题5】此外，二胡还能模仿许多大自然的声响，比如鸟儿的啼鸣。
【解析】（1）汉译英题。根据汉语"它有着一千多年的悠久历史。"可知，它it；有着has；一千多年over 1，000 years；a long history of 悠久的历史；根据汉译英习惯整理成句子即可，故填：It has a long history of over 1，000 years.
（2）英译汉题。根据英文As a traditional instrument，the erhu is very popular with folk musicians.可知，As a traditional instrument作为一种传统乐器；the erhu二胡；is very popular with folk musicians很受民间音乐家的欢迎；根据英译汉习惯整理成句子即可，故填：作为一种传统乐器，二胡很受民间音乐家的欢迎。
（3）英译汉题。根据英文Although it is known as the Chinese violin，the erhu is quite different from the Western violin.可知，Although 尽管；it is known as它被称为；the Chinese violin中国小提琴；the erhu二胡；is quite different from相当不同；the Western violin西洋小提琴；根据英译汉习惯整理成句子即可，故填：尽管被称为 "中国小提琴"，二胡与西洋小提琴全然不同。
（4）汉译英题。根据汉语"很多不同种类的木材可以用来制作二胡。"可知，很多不同种类的木材many different kinds of wood；可以用来制作二胡can be used to make the erhu；根据汉译英习惯整理成句子即可，故填：Many different kinds of wood can be used to make the erhu.
（5）英译汉题。根据英文Besides，it can copy many natural sounds，such as the voice of birds.可知，Besides此外；it can 它还能；copy 模仿；many natural sounds许多大自然的声响；such as比如；the voice of birds鸟儿的啼鸣；根据英译汉习惯整理成句子即可，故填：此外，二胡还能模仿许多大自然的声响，比如鸟儿的啼鸣。
本文介绍了中国最典型的乐器之一——二胡，主要介绍了它的起源、发展及与西方小提琴的不同之处等。
在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，正确翻译句子。

30.【答案】    Recently we have had a lively discussion about whether middle students should take after-school classes on weekends or holidays.Different students have different ideas.（点题）
  Calvin thinks that taking after-school classes can help students learn better and get into a good high school.What's more，students can avoid spending too much time watching TV or playing computer games.【高分句型一】（赞成者的观点）
   However，Linda thinks students need time to rest and relax after a busy week. 【高分句型二】She thinks after-classes will cause a lot of stress for students and it is not good for their development.（反对者的观点）
   In my opinion，we should take after-school classes.But it should't take up too much time.We should first rest well at weekends and on holidays.（我的观点）
【解析】【高分句型一】
What's more，students can avoid spending too much time watching TV or playing computer games．更重要的是，学生可以避免花费太多的时间看电视或玩电脑游戏.
avoid doing sth表示避免做某事.
spend  doing sth表示花费……做某事。
【高分句型二】
However，Linda thinks students need time to rest and relax after a busy week.然而，琳达认为学生们在忙碌了一周后需要时间休息和放松。
need...to do sth需要……做某事。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。