江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2023年中考英语二模试题分类汇编：阅读理解

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江苏省南京市鼓楼区
2021-2023年中考英语二模试题分类汇编
阅读理解
2023年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题
三、 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
请认真阅读下列材料, 从材料后各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A

26. According to the text, mechanical clocks come into use in ___________.
A. 8, 800 B. C. B. 3, 500 B. C. C. 1, 500 B. C. D. A. D. 1, 280
27. The first water clocks are made by ______________.
A. the Maya B. Europeans
C. Chinese and Sumerians D. Egyptians and Sumerians
28. Calendars help early people to know _________________.
A. how the weather changes B. what the moon is like
C. when the crops are planted D. where the shadow points
B
Can you imagine a sea of sand three times bigger than India?
This is the Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world. It covers 11 countries in North Africa and is over 9 million square kilometres. That's more than 25% of Africa.
In the Sahara, temperatures are very different during the day and at night. It is much hotter during the day. The hottest time is between 2 p. m. and 4 p. m. , when temperatures rise to 38℃. But it is very cold at night—the coldest time is at 4 a. m. , when temperatures fall to -4°C. The Sahara is also very dry. It seldom rains.
Because of the temperatures in the desert, it is a very difficult place to survive. Here are some tips on how to stay alive in the Sahara Desert.
During the day, cover your body, head and face. Clothes protect you from the sun and keep water in your body. You will also need a warm blanket at night. It can get cold very quickly.
When the temperature drops, it can be a shock and make you feel even colder.
A car is easier to see than a person walking in the desert. You can also use the mirrors from your car to signal to planes and other cars. You can use your car tyres (轮胎) to make a fire. A fire is easy to see. It will help people find you and it will keep you warm at night.
Try to drink some water at least once every hour. You need your water to last as long as possible. Drink only what you need. When you talk, you lose water from your body. Keep your mouth closed and do not talk.
If you eat, you will get thirsty and drink all of your water more quickly. You can eat a little, but only to stop you from feeling very hungry. Eat very small amounts of food and eat very slowly. You can live for three weeks with no food, but you can only live for three days without water.
A small place near a tree or a rock will be the warmest. But be careful before you decide where to sleep. Dangerous animals like snakes and scorpions also like to sleep in these places. Look carefully for animals before you lie down.
29. How does the writer describe the Sahara Desert in Paragraph 1 and 2?
A. By telling reasons. B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples. D. By explaining points.
30. How many ways are mentioned to help keep water in the body?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Eating at least once every hour helps avoid getting hungry.
B. Little rain in the Sahara makes it a difficult place to survive.
C. Mirrors and tyres can be used to give information to ask for help
D. Places near trees or rocks are the warmest and safest for sleeping.
C
Ann wanted to play in the Community Orchestra(管弦乐队), but she was nervous. She thought the music might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous that she could hardly tune the strings (调音) of her instrument. The only orchestra she had ever played in was the one at school. After a few rehearsals (排练), she was comfortably playing along with everyone else.
She realized that there was no reason to be nervous and began to enjoy herself.
In rehearsals, Ann became friends with Danny, who sat next to her. Danny was always helpful. Ann liked to ask him questions about music. Danny's parents were musicians. They had started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old. Ann couldn't imagine playing the violin at that age. Danny told her that many famous musicians and composers started studying music at a very young age.
Another orchestra member who became a friend of Ann's was Marie. Marie played the clarinet(单簧管). After rehearsal, she would tell Ann funny stories. Marie said that when she played the clarinet at home as a child, it squeaked so much that she got the nickname "Squeaky" That was a long time ago. Now Marie had a beautiful tone on the clarinet. Sometimes, just to make Ann laugh, Marie would make her clarinet squeak. Even though Marie was much older than Ann, the two became good friends.
The orchestra was rehearsing music for the spring concert. Ann liked all the composers, but Mozart was her favourite. Some of her friends didn't understand why she liked Mozart. But they promised to come to the spring concert anyway. Ann's family was also planning to attend the concert. They didn't know any of these composers either. Ann looked forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert.
On the night of the spring concert, Ann was excited. She had never played for so many people before. Danny and Marie both told her that the spring concert is always fun. Ann knew that she would enjoy it. The conductor (指挥), who usually seemed quite calm, was nervous. Ann was surprised because she knew that he had been in big concerts all over the world for at least 40 years. After the concert was over, the conductor seemed pleased. He praised the members of the orchestra for their fine performance.
32. Which BEST describes Ann at the beginning of the passage?
A. She was excited to make new friends. B. She was afraid she would make a mess.
C. She was willing to try something new. D. She was not interested in playing music.
33. Which of the following is TRUE about Ann's friends?
A. Not all her friends loved Mozart's music.
B. Danny often asked Ann a lot about music.
C. Her friends would learn to play the violin.
D. Marie could play the clarinet well as a child.
34. What most probably explains why Ann didn't want it to rain?
A. Ann's friends didn't like the rain.
B. The concert was going to be held outside.
C. The concert was going to be held at night.
D. Ann couldn't walk to the concert in the rain.
35. What would happen later in the passage?
A. Ann would decide to be a conductor.
B. Ann would play in many more concerts.
C. Ann and Marie will teach children music.
D. Ann and Danny would join another orchestra.
D
Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries.
Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists look for clues to help them understand how people lived long ago. In fact, the word "archaeology" means "the study of ancient things". One type of evidence used to learn about the past is pottery.
People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. Old pottery is usually found in pieces called "potsherds". Sometimes potsherds found in the same place can be put back together to re-create the original pot. Even in pieces, old pottery can teach us about the past. When examining pottery, archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made. With this knowledge, they can get information about people's lives in ancient times. _____① _______
Pottery is made by first adding water to a kind of soil called clay. When wet, clay can be formed into shapes. It is then heated. This hardens (使变硬) the clay and allows it to keep its shape. To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters (制陶工)u se something called "temper". Different materials can be used as temper. An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place. _______② ________
Some of the earliest pots were made quite simply. A piece of clay was hollowed (掏空) out and shaped into a bowl. It was then heated at a low temperature. The finished pot was rough (粗糙), and often undecorated. This type of pot might be used for cooking. . ______③_______
Later, coiled pots were made. These were made by first rolling the clay into a long snake shape. The coil was then wound (绕) in circles to form a pot. They were often decorated in different ways. These pots were heated at high temperatures. The higher the temperature, the harder and longer-lasting the pot. Further improvements in pottery-making developed in different times and places. ________④________
A pot's shape and decoration can provide clues about the past. Painted pictures might show events from daily life or from ancient stories. Archaeologists know certain shapes and styles that were common in different times and places.
Archaeologists study the differences in types of pottery closely. Because of their work, these daily objects can tell some of the mysteries of the past.
36. When examining pottery, archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made.
The word "examining" means" _____________”in English.
A. studying B. displaying C. searching D. discovering
37. Why are the words "potsherds" and "temper" written in quotation marks (引号)in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. To remind readers that both words are very useful.
B. To make sure readers understand the words correctly.
C. To show that these words come from other languages.
D. To introduce the words that may be unknown to readers.
38. When is temper added to the clay?
A. Before the clay is shaped. B. After the pot is heated.
C. While the pot is being decorated. D. When the clay is hollowed.
39. We can put the sentence "This can provide clues about how people traded or travelled. "in
Blank ______________.
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
40. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world.
B. Pots are decorated with pictures that show events from ancient stories.
C. Ancient pottery can tell about the lives of the people who made and used it.
D. Archaeologists look for clues to solve mysteries in different times and places.

2022年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Fitness Courses

Yolanda would like to do gentle exercise in the open air in the evenings. She likes to do things with groups of older people.
Yoga School
In our large mixed ability classes, you can work at your own relaxed speed and learn about yoga in ancient India. From 7 to 9 a.m. and 6 to 8 p.m., on Mondays and Fridays.

Bashir likes meeting people, team sports and competition. He wants to improve his sporting skills and get stronger and fitter. He is free two afternoons a week.
Beach volleyball
Join us every Sunday morning at Sunnysands beach. Kids and adults are welcome to take part. We’re not professionals. We just play for fun and exercise!

Vikash doesn’t have much free time. He wants to be able to exercise for an hour a day in the evenings or early morning. He prefers to do things on his own.
Tara’s Tai Chi
Most of our members are people in their forties, fifties and sixties who enjoy the gentle movements of Tai Chi. All our classes are held in Anderson Park. Week nights from 6 to 8 p.m.

Laurent wants something he can do with his wife and teenage children. They all enjoy being outdoors, especially at the seaside. He only has weekends free.
Fitness Fans’ Gym
We’re open every day from 7 a.m. to midnight. Personal fitness trainers will study your individual needs and design an exercise programme just for you.

26. Which fitness course can Vikash take?
A Beach volleyball. B. Tara’s Tai Chi. C. Yoga School. D. Fitness Fans’ Gym.
27. Who will choose “Tara’s Tai Chi”?
A. Laurent. B. Laurent’s wife. C. Yolanda. D. Bashir.
28. What does Laurent think about when he chooses the fitness course?
A. The place and the interest. B. The time and the place.
C. The children and the team sports. D. The time and the competition.
B
When 19-year-old Mary-Jess Leaverland sang for 70 million TV viewers, nobody back home in England knew anything about it. Her victory in the talent show. I Want to Sing to the Stars was seen by five times as many people as watch a similar UK show, called The X Factor, but they were all from the Chinese region of Jiangsu, as that’s the only place the programme is shown.
Mary-Jess was in China to study the language as part of her university course when she entered the competition. A friend had invited her to watch him in a TV quiz show. On their way, they passed the talent show’s studios. Mary-Jess went in, found a producer and sang for him. During the competition she had classes as usual then went to the studios in the evenings. When she wasn’t on stage, she was busy doing her homework.
Mary-Jess used her £900 prize money to fly home to see her mum. When she returned, there were no recording contracts (合同) to sign or concerts to perform in. She told her mum, who’s also a good singer, how amazed she was that she was chosen as the winner, then the two of them chatted happily about their plans to start singing together again at clubs around their hometown. It was only later that Mary-Jess’s mum thought it might be fun to tell the local newspaper about her daughter’s win. Yet, within 24 hours, Mary-Jess’s story had appeared nationally and just weeks later she had a manager, a lawyer and was off to New York with record companies fighting to sign her as one of their artists. Mary-Jess’s singing career started.
29. What does the passage say about I Want to Sing to the Stars?
A. It’s a talent competition made in China. B. It’s shown in several countries across Asia.
C. It’s the most popular TV show in China. D. It’s less popular than the show The X Factor.
30. What was Mary-Jess’s reason for coming to China?
A. She was visiting a friend of hers here. B. She was here learning to speak Chinese.
C. She was teaching at a Chinese university. D. She came here to be in a singing competition
31. How did Mary-Jess feel when she first returned to England?
A. Surprised that she had won the competition.
B. Satisfied that she got so much in prize money.
C. Worried about the concerts she would have to do.
D. Amazed by all the attention from the UK newspapers.
C
In many countries, schools have long summer holidays, with shorter holidays in between. However, a new report suggests reducing the length of school holidays to stop children forgetting what they have learned during the long summer break. Instead of three school terms, it says, “There should be five eight-week terms. There would be just four weeks off in the summer, with a two-week break between the other terms. The annual (每年的) amount of holiday time would remain the same.”
Sonia Montero has two children at primary school and works full time. She supports the idea. “The kids,” she says, “have much longer holidays than me and I can’t afford to take several weeks off work, so I need someone to take care of them. But nobody wants the work in the summer months—they all have holidays of their own.”
Not surprisingly, some young people disagree. Student Jason Panos, says, “It’s a stupid idea. I really can’t imagine staying at school in the summer—I’d hate it. It’s totally unfair, too. The people who suggest this had long school holidays when they were young. But now they want to stop us enjoying the summer. They only need to look at places like Spain and America, where they have much longer holidays than here. The kids there don’t forget everything they’ve learned in a couple of months, do they?”
Nadia Salib, 14, agrees. “Sure,” she says, “the first week at school after the summer is never easy, but you soon get back into it. The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school, and then some of them start causing trouble. But the answer is to give them something to do in their free time, not make everyone stay in school longer. We all hate that.”
32. Why does Sonia prefer shorter school holidays?
A. She thinks that middle school holidays are too long.
B. She doesn’t get any summer holidays in her present job.
C. She can’t get anyone to look after her children in summer.
D. She can’t afford to pay someone to look after her children.
33. What does Jason say about long summer holidays?
A. Schools in other countries don’t have them.
B. They can help children forget about school.
C. These days many older people have them too.
D. They have no influence on children’s education.
34. What does Nadia say about young people in summer?
A. They would like to spend more time at school.
B. Long holidays are very bad for their education.
C. Where she lives there is nothing for them to do.
D. They behave badly when they go back to school.
35. Which of the following sentences best explains the article?
A. They’ve changed all the school terms and some students are getting very angry about it
B. Some people want to change the school year but not everyone thinks it’s a good idea.
C Everyone’s against the idea of shortening the summer holidays so they’ve decided to forget the idea.
D. Teenagers are very worried because there are going to be fewer school holidays in the year.
D
Ants may be tiny—but they’re serious eaters! Try these experiments(实验) to find out what ants like to eat.
Want to find out what the ants in your neighbourhood like to eat? Place small amounts of different foods on the plate. You can use peanut butter, honey, mashed banana, grated apple or cheese, and seeds.
Put this feeding station where there are lots of ants. Wait three minutes and count the number of ants feeding on each food. Count how many there are every three minutes.
Ants don’t always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae(触须). What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it? Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out. When they finally choose a food, the ants carry it back to their nest.
Do your ants prefer big seeds or smaller ones? Sweet crumbs or less sweet ones? Here’s a test: Give ants a choice between full-strength honey and a honey-water mixture (add one teaspoon of honey to five teaspoons of water). Offer a few drops of each choice side-by-side at a feeding station. Then every three minutes count the number of ants you see near each place.
Want to see how far ants travel when they go out to collect food? First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home. Now you know how far the ants travelled to get to your food station. Next, move the food station about 30 cm farther from the nest. Do the ants find it? If so, move the station again. Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear.
When ants find a food they like, they work quickly to collect it. Usually they try to get the nestmates to help. To find out how long does it take an ant to tell others that there’s food nearby, offer their favourite food and watch. After the first ant finds the food, begin counting the ants every minute. Also, watch their behaviour. When the first ant goes home, what does it do when it gets near one of its nestmates? Does it feed the other ant a bit of food? Or do the two touch the antennae together? Is the ant with the food pulling its back end on the ground? It may be leaving strong smell that leads to the food.
36. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To tell readers about ants’ antennae.
B To tell readers about different kinds of ants.
C. To tell readers how to find out where ants live.
D. To tell readers how to observe ants by experiments.
37. In Paragraph 4, “Instead, they may investigate...” What does the word “investigate” mean?
A. Quickly eat something. B. Carefully hide something.
C. Quickly look at something. D. Carefully check something out.
38. In Paragraph 4, who will probably ask “What does this bit taste like? Exactly how big is it?”
A. Ants. B. Scientists. C. Readers. D. Students.
39. How can a person find out how far ants will travel to find a food station?
A. By moving the food station farther away.
B. By changing the food in the food station.
C. By showing the food station to different ants.
D. By reducing the amount of food in the food station.
40. What does the writer want readers to learn in this passage?
A. How to tell types of ants. B. How to feed ants at home.
C. How to study the way ants behave. D. How much food ants can eat.

2021年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题
三、阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Baking a Honeycake
To bake(烤) a honeycake, you will need these things: flour(面粉), baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, brown sugar, eggs, honey, and oil. You will need two large bowls and a baking pan.
Start making the honeycake by mixing together these things in a large bowl: 2 and 1/2 cups of flour, 2 teaspoons of baking powder, 1 teaspoon of baking soda, and 2 teaspoons of cinnamon.
Then in a second large bowl, mix 3/4 cup of brown sugar with 3 eggs. Next, add a cup of honey and 3/4 cup of oil to the second bowl.
Pour the contents of the first bowl into the second. Mix until blended (混合的).
Pour the batter (面糊) into a 10-inch pan.
Bake at about 120°C for 1 hour. After an hour, remove the pan from the oven and let it cool. Then remove the cake from the pan.
26. You need ________ at the first step of making a honeycake.
A. sugar B. eggs C. oil D. cinnamon
27. You need ________ of sugar to bake a honeycake.
A. 1 teaspoon B. 2 teaspoons C. 3/4 cup D. 21/2 cup
28. After mixing the batter, you ________.
A add oil and honey B. pour it into a pan C. add eggs and sugar D. bake at about 120°C
B
Luis Morales is 18 years old and comes from a tiny village in the Andes mountains in Colombia. Until about seven years ago, one of Luis’s favorite activities was to go into the thick forest around his home to hunt and kill the wildlife, especially birds. Now, however, he and a group of other local youths work with an international organization called Wildlife World, to study and protect the birds and their environment.
Wildlife World has set up several of these groups across the area. “Information we get from the children helps us learn how the birds and other animals use the forest, what they eat and how best we can protect them. The project has worked very well and we hope to set up more groups in the future,” says the area leader Felipe Ramos.
Luis is the oldest and most experienced member of his group, having been a member since he was just 11. “Before I joined, I planned to leave the village as soon as I was old enough to go and find work in the city, like most young people do,” Luis says. “But now I want to go to university, become a scientist and return here to carry on working to save these rare birds and their environment. Being part of the group has had a great influence on me.”
Luis also spends time with the younger children in the village. “There is not much to do here after school,” he says, “So I try to ask them to take part in our activities. As well as bird watching and nature studies, we also do drama and art. The drama has been particularly successful and we now have a theatre group of 30 children, which tours in the area, performing different plays.”
29. In this text the writer is ________.
A. giving information about a project
B. describing village life in Colombia
C. advising children to join Wildlife World
D. suggesting ways to help the environment
30. What was Luis attitude (态度) towards the birds in the forest seven years ago?
A. He was not interested in them at all.
B. He thought it was fun to hunt them.
C. He wanted to learn more about them.
D. He knew they were rare and in danger.
31. What is the purpose of the group according to Felipe Ramos?
A. To find out how the local wildlife act in the wild.
B. To protect children from wild animals in the forest.
C. To teach children how to look after the environment.
D. To collect information about how people use the forest.
32. What would Felipe Ramos say about Luis?
A. Luis is a clever person who knows much about the birds and animals and he is also a great musician.
B. Luis has just joined us but is already important to the group, because he is good with the younger children.
C. I’m going to miss Luis when he goes to university. But I’m sure that he’ll be back to continue his word here.
D. When I first met Luis, he was ready to find work in a city. But he never wants to leave after he joined us.
C

Imagine you are in Africa. Suddenly, a group of spots streaks past you. What was it? It may have been a cheetah, the fastest animal on land. It can run up to 70 miles per hour, which is faster than most cars moving on the highway!
In many ways, the cheetah is built for speed. Even though this animal is a cat, its paws are much more like a dog’s paws. The paws allow the cheetah to make quick turns. A cheetah also has long legs that help it take big steps. It can jump as far as 20 feet in one leap! Even the cheetah’s backbone helps it move quickly. The backbone acts as a spring (弹簧), moving the cheetah forward with sudden burst (迸发) of energy. Although the cheetah can run fast, it cannot run for long distance. It uses its energy quickly and becomes tired. If the cheetah cannot catch its dinner in a hurry, it will have to rest a while before trying again.
A cheetah is also made to be a great hunter. It has sharp eyesight. A cheetah can see other animals up to three miles away. Good eyesight helps the cheetah find its prey (猎物) so it can plan an attack. A cheetah’s coat is also very useful. The coat is light brown with black spots. It allows a cheetah to hide in the tall, brown grass in Africa. Other animals do not see it hiding, so a cheetah can get close to rabbits, birds, and other animals quietly.
Today the cheetah is in danger. Parts of Africa are being turned into farms. This change forces the cheetah and other animals to find new places to live which is not always easy. Cheetahs are also being hunted by other animals such as lions and hyenas. However, zookeepers and wildlife experts are trying to save the cheetah. Maybe with their help, cheetahs will grow larger in number.
33. Suddenly, a group of spots streaks past you. “streaks” means “________”.
A. searches for food B. gets close quietly
C. moves with great speed D. plans a sudden attack
34. The cheetah’s coat is MOST useful because it ________.
A. protects the cheetah from the sun
B. helps the cheetah hide in the grass
C. keeps the cheetah cool after a long run
D. lets the cheetah move with great speed
35. Read this chart.
When:

Then:
Cheetahs use their energy very quickly.

Cheetahs stop to rest if they
do not catch their prey.
Lions and hyenas hunt cheetahs.


The chart shows some information from the article. Which can be put in the empty box?
A. Cheetahs hide in the tall, brown grass.
B. People in Africa hunt lions and hyenas.
C. Wildlife experts send cheetahs to the zoo.
D. The number of cheetahs becomes smaller.
36. “Speedy and Spotty” is a good title for the article because ________.
A. it gives the names of two cheetahs
B. it catches the readers’ attention
C. it explains how cheetahs act in the wild
D. it describes two facts about cheetahs
D
Technology has made life easier in many ways. People can shop and learn online without ever leaving their homes. We use cameras, phones, Internet devices (设备) fitness tools, and more. While technology has influenced how people’s needs are met, it has also influenced how people make a living.
Many people have jobs that meet other people’s wants and needs. The things people need are goods or services. Human labour is required in order to provide goods and services to society. People who work make money, and then they spend their money on goods and services that other people provide. We spend money on things we need. But what happens to all the stores that sell items that people just don’t want any more?
There was a time when people had to go to a video store to hire movies. But today, such video stores are hard to find. People can watch movies on their electronic and wireless (无线的) devices. The number of bookstores has also decreased (减少) as many people download electronic books. It isn’t only the stores, books, and videos that are disappearing, it is also the jobs these stores provided.
There are some services that people depend on that cannot be sent from a distance. Painters, for example, must arrive at a place to paint the house, and a childcare provider must be with a child to make sure that the child is safe.
Technology provides chances for people to create new jobs. For example, new technology products need a labour force, as salesmen are needed to sell the technology to people and businesses. People need experts (专业人士) who can answer questions and repair technology products when there are problems. There are many jobs in the technology field. Tech products are always being improved and updated. Society keeps looking for new forms of technology, and new Apps are sold daily.
Although technology has erased (消除) the need for some goods and services, it has offered some new ways of meeting our needs.
37. The number of stores is decreasing because ________.
A. the online business is developing very rapidly
B. it’s difficult for the shopkeepers to find salesmen
C. technology products have been in growing need recently
D. society’s needs are changing but services remain the same
38. The writer tells that some jobs and services are less influenced by technology in ________.
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
39. What expert do people need most when they have problems with their technology products?
A. The expert of managing. B. The expert of repairing.
C. The expert of communicating. D. The expert of designing.
40. What’s the best title for this article?
A. Technology and jobs B. Technology and goods
C. Technology and needs D. Technology and services

答案：
2023年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题
26．D 27．D 28．C

【导语】本文介绍了记录时间方法的变迁。
26．细节理解题。根据“Around this time, Europeans bulid the first mechanical clock”可知机械时钟诞生于公元1280年。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据“People in Egypt and Sumer develop some of the first water clocks.”可知埃及人和苏美尔人发明了最早的水钟。故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据“Calendars tell farmers when to plant crops and when their animals will have babies”可知日历告诉农民什么时候种植庄稼。故选C。
29．B 30．C 31．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了撒哈拉沙漠的气温特点及如何在沙漠生存的方法。
29．推理判断题。根据“It covers 11 countries in North Africa and is over 9 million square kilometres. That’s more than 25% of Africa”可知，第一、二段主要通过列数字的方式来说明撒哈拉沙漠之大。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“During the day, cover your body, head and face. Clothes protect you from the sun and keep water in your body.”和“Try to drink some water at least once every hour.”和Keep your mouth closed and do not talk.”以及“You can eat a little, but only to stop you from feeling very hungry.”可知，用衣服覆盖身体，尽量每小时至少喝一次水，闭嘴少说话，吃得少且吃得慢都有助于保持身体的水分。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据“You can also use the mirrors from your car to signal to planes and other cars. You can use your car tyres(轮胎) to make a fire. A fire is easy to see.”可知寻求帮助时镜子和轮胎可以用来提供信息。故选C。
32．B 33．A 34．B 35．B

【导语】本文讲述了Ann参加社区管弦乐团并在音乐会上演出的故事。
32．推理判断题。根据“Ann wanted to play in the Community Orchestra（管弦乐队）, but she was nervous. She thought the music might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous that she could hardly tune the strings（调音）of her instrument.”可知，Ann刚开始太紧张了，觉得音乐可能太难了，由此可推知，她害怕自己把一切都搞砸了。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据“Some of her friends didn’t understand why she liked Mozart.”可知，Ann的一些朋友不能理解她为什么这么喜欢莫扎特，说明不是她的所有朋友都喜欢莫扎特的音乐。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据“Ann looked forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert.”可知，Ann很期待这场活动，她希望音乐会那天晚上不要下雨，结合选项，可推知，这场音乐会最有可能是在室外举行，下雨就会导致音乐会取消。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据“On the night of the spring concert, Ann was excited. She had never played for so many people before.”可知，音乐会那天晚上，Ann非常兴奋，她从来没有在那么多人面前演出过，表演非常成功，这给了她极大的信心，由此推知，她接下来应是要参加更多的演出。故选B。
36．A 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．C

【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶器来研究过去人们的生活。
36．词义猜测题。根据“archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made”可知考古学家不仅要考虑它的外观，还要考虑它的材料和制作方法，可推测此单词为“研究”，故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据“Old pottery is usually found in pieces called ‘potsherds’.”和“To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters(制陶工) use something called ‘temper’.”可知引号中的单词都是考古专有名词，对读者来说很陌生，故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据“To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters(制陶工) use something called ‘temper’”可知是在成型前添加。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据“An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used.  Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place.”可知考古学家可以通过所使用的粘土类型和回火来判断陶器的来源，有时在一个地方发现的罐子里可能有来自另一个地方的材料，与“这可以提供人们如何交易或旅行的线索。”形成逻辑连接关系。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文可知主要介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶器来研究过去人们的生活，故选C。

2022年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题
【答案】26. D 27. C 28. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了四个人对于锻炼的需求以及四种健身课程。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“He wants to be able to exercise for an hour a day in the evenings or early morning. He prefers to do things on his own.”和“We’re open every day from 7 a.m. to midnight. Personal fitness trainers will study your individual needs and design an exercise programme just for you.”可知，Vikash可以早上或者晚上在健身房锻炼，个人健身教练也可以为他设计专属锻炼计划。所以“Fitness Fans’ Gym”适合Vikash。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Yolanda would like to do gentle exercise in the open air in the evenings. She likes to do things with groups of older people.”和“Most of our members are people in their forties, fifties and sixties who enjoy the gentle movements of Tai Chi. All our classes are held in Anderson Park. Week nights from 6 to 8 p.m.”可知，Yolanda会选择“Tara’s Tai Chi”，她可以和年龄大的人们在一起锻炼，同时公园也是属于室外，故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They all enjoy being outdoors, especially at the seaside. He only has weekends free.”可知，Laurent考虑的是时间和地点。故选B。
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍Mary-Jess的个人经历。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Her victory in the talent show. I Want to Sing to the Stars was seen by five times as many people as watch a similar UK show, called The X Factor, but they were all from the Chinese region of Jiangsu, as that’s the only place the programme is shown.”可知，Mary-Jess在达人秀中获胜，《我想给星星唱歌》的观看人数是英国类似节目《英国偶像》的五倍，但他们都来自中国江苏地区，因为这是该节目唯一播放的地方。所以I Want to Sing to the Stars是中国的达人秀节目，故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Mary-Jess was in China to study the language as part of her university course when she entered the competition.”可知，Mary-Jess来中国上大学，学习中文，故选B。
31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“She told her mum, who’s also a good singer, how amazed she was that she was chosen as the winner”可知，Mary-Jess对自己赢得比赛感到惊讶，故选A。
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了一个新的报告提出缩短假期的建议，人们持有不同的观点。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I need someone to take care of them. But nobody wants the work in the summer months--they all have holidays of their own.”可知，她找不到人照顾她的孩子。故选C。

【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They only need to look at places like Spain and America, where they have much longer holidays than here. The kids there don’t forget everything they’ve learned in a couple of months, do they?”可知，西班牙和美国的假期比这里长得多，那里的孩子不会在几个月内忘记他们学过的东西，可见，Jason认为长的暑假对教育没有影响。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The real problem round here is that kids get bored after so many weeks out of school”可知，孩子们在离开学校数周后变得无聊，说明在她住的地方，他们没什么事可做。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出缩短假期的建议，第二段介绍了家长支持的看法，第三段介绍了学生反对的观点，由此可以推断人们对此提议有不同的观点。故选B。
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. A 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何研究蚂蚁的行为方式。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Try these experiments to find out what ants like to eat.”可知，这篇文章目的是告诉读者如何通过实验观察蚂蚁；故选D。
【37题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Ants don’t always take the first food they find. Instead, they may investigate, touching many pieces of food with their antennae(触须).”可知，蚂蚁并不总是刚找到食物就吃掉。相反，它们可能会进行调查，用它们的触角接触许多食物；因此“investigate”意为“Carefully check something out.”，故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Those are the kinds of things the ants are checking out.”可知，这些就是蚂蚁要检查的东西，因此蚂蚁会问这些问题；故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“First find an ant nest. You can do that by following some ants when they carry food home...Keep moving the station until the ants no longer appear.”可知，通过移动食物站来了解蚂蚁会走多远；故选A。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了如何研究蚂蚁的行为方式；故选C。
2021年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模英语试题
【答案】26. D 27. C 28. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍制作蜂蜜蛋糕的材料、步骤等。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Start making the honeycake by mixing together these things in a large bowl: 2 and 1/2 cups of flour, 2 teaspoons of baking powder, 1 teaspoon of baking soda, and 2 teaspoons of cinnamon.”可知，开始制作蜂蜜蛋糕，把这些东西放在一个大碗里混合：2杯半面粉，2茶匙发酵粉，1茶匙小苏打，和2茶匙肉桂。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Then in a second large bowl, mix 3/4 cup of brown sugar with 3 eggs.”可知，然后在第二个大碗中，将3/4杯红糖和3个鸡蛋混合。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Pour the batter (面糊) into a 10-inch pan.”可知，将面糊倒入10英寸的平底锅中。故选B。
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C
【解析】
【分析】本文讲述了 Wildlife World组织以及Luis在保护鸟类和环境方面的事迹。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“he and a group of other local youths work with an international organization called Wildlife World, to study and protect the birds and their environment.（他和一群当地的年轻人与一个叫做野生动物世界的国际组织合作，研究和保护鸟类和它们的环境）”和“Wildlife World has set up several of these groups across the area.（野生动物世界已经在该地区建立了几个这样的组织）”可知，主要 介绍一些关于这个项目的信息，故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Until about seven years ago, one of Luis’s favorite activities was to go into the thick forest around his home to hunt and kill the wildlife, especially birds.”可知，大约七年前，路易斯最喜欢活动之一是到他家周围的茂密森林里狩猎和杀死野生动物，尤其是鸟类。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Information we get from the children helps us learn how the birds and other animals use the forest, what they eat and how best we can protect them.”可知，我们从孩子们那里得到的信息帮助我们了解鸟类和其他动物如何利用森林，它们吃什么，以及我们如何最好地保护它们。即保护鸟类和环境，故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“But now I want to go to university, become a scientist and return here to carry on working to save these rare birds and their environment.”可知，Luis现在想上大学，成为一名科学家，然后回到这里继续工作，拯救这些珍稀鸟类和它们环境。选项C“路易斯上大学后我会想念他的。 但我肯定他会回来继续他的承诺。 ”与之相符，故选C。
【答案】33. C 34. B 35. D 36. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍有关陆地上最快的动物猎豹的一些相关知识以及猎豹的生存现状。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。分析“Suddenly, a group of spots streaks past you.”可知，突然，一群斑点从你身边掠过，此处streaks的意思是“疾驶”，故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A cheetah’s coat is also very useful. The coat is light brown with black spots. It allows a cheetah to hide in the tall, brown grass in Africa. Other animals do not see it hiding, so a cheetah can get close to rabbits, birds, and other animals quietly.”可知，猎豹的皮毛也很有用，毛是浅棕色的，有黑点， 它能让猎豹躲在非洲高大的棕色草丛中，其他动物看不到它躲起来，所以猎豹可以悄悄地靠近兔子、鸟和其他动物。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据“However, zookeepers and wildlife experts are trying to save the cheetah. Maybe with their help, cheetahs will grow larger in number.”可知，动物园管理员和野生动物专家正在努力拯救这只猎豹。 也许在它们的帮助下，猎豹的数量会增加。所以推测猎豹的数量有所减少，故选D。
【36题详解】
最佳标题题。本文主要描述了猎豹的速度和斑点两个事实，所以“Speedy and Spotty”适合做本文的标题，故选D。
【答案】37. A 38. C 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述科技的发展和我们的需求之间的相互影响。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据“There was a time when people had to go to a video store to hire movies. But today, such video stores are hard to find. People can watch movies on their electronic and wireless (无线的) devices. The number of bookstores has also decreased (减少) as many people download electronic books.”可知，曾经有一段时间，人们不得不去音像店租电影，但如今，这样的音像店已经很难找到了，人们可以在他们的电子和无线设备上看电影，随着下载电子书的人越来越多，书店也在减少。所以由于网上业务发展非常迅速，商店的数量正在减少。故选A。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“There are some services that people depend on that cannot be sent from a distance. Painters, for example, must arrive at a place to paint the house, and a childcare provider must be with a child to make sure that the child is safe.”可知，人们所依赖的一些服务是不能从远处发送的。例如，油漆工必须到达一个地方油漆房子，儿童保育员必须与孩子在一起，以确保孩子的安全。第四段介绍了一些不太受技术影响的工作和服务，故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“People need experts (专业人士) who can answer questions and repair technology products when there are problems.”可知，人们需要能够回答问题并在出现问题时修复技术产品的专家。故选B。
【40题详解】
最佳标题题。本文主要讲述科技发展和我们的需求之间的相互影响。故选C。