吉林高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份吉林高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共45页。
阅读理解
Santiago has visited Machu Picchu many times and knows the best time to arrive. This is before the first train of the day arrives from Ollantaytambo. We boarded our bus and headed up the mountain! As we climbed and climbed, it was easy to imagine how the Spanish failed to discover Machu Picchu during their travels up and down along the Urubamba River far below. The site sits over 7,000 feet high on a mountain top and plants hide it from view.
In the early 1900s, the site was not as much rediscovered as it was made famous by Hiram Bingham, an explorer who was looking for the hidden city of the Incas. In fact, local farmers were using part of Machu Picchu to grow food at the time. No one knows for sure what Machu Picchu was used for or when and why the site was abandoned(遗弃). These questions will likely never be answered. However, what is known for sure is that it was an amazing creation!
As we entered Machu Picchu, we had an opportunity to take the famous “postcard picture” thanks to Santiago. There wasn’t one question that he did not have an answer for. He seemed very conscious(有意识的)of our limited time and wanted to make sure we got the most out of our visit. We had a chance to visit an ancient drawbridge(开合桥). This tested my fear of heights as the drop-off at some points was close to 2,000 feet straight down. In fact, the trail became too dangerous to go any further so we made our way back to the main site and had plenty of time to take great photos there.
After Santiago was satisfied we had seen much as we could, we took the bus back to Aguas Calientes.
1．Why did the author mention the Spanish in paragraph 1?
A．To show that Machu Picchu was difficult to find.
B．To describe how Machu Picchu was damaged.
C．To discuss how valuable Machu Picchu is.
D．To explain why Machu Picchu is attractive.
2．How does the author describe Machu Picchu?
A．It was well protected by local people.
B．It was not as good as she expected.
C．It was hidden by the Incas.
D．It was a great human creation.
3．When the author stood on the drawbridge, she was probably ________.
A．tired B．fearful C．excited D．surprised
4．What can we infer about Santiago?
A．He lives in Machu Picchu. B．He knows Machu Picchu well.
C．He comes from Spain. D．He is a local farmer.

“I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up at us, cats look down on us, but pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in other domestic beasts, for it was they who ended up running the show in novel Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures.
And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. A study just published in Animal Cognition by Ivan Norscia, a biological anthropologist at the University of Turin, in Italy, and his colleagues, looked at how a group of 104 domestic pigs went about resolving such incidents. In total, Dr. Norscia and his team studied the details of 216 pig conflicts over the course of six months.
Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight, for, among pigs pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick, bump or lift the victim (or string together a sequence of those actions). Most conflicts ended in seconds, but some lasted a minute or two.
In most animal species that would be that. However, many of the pig conflicts Dr. Norscia observed had interested parties beyond the protagonists (主角). He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in resolving fights —and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知) abilities.
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to intervene during the heat of a conflict (though this did occur), he and his colleagues looked at what happened in the three minutes directly following an aggressive interaction. Sometimes, they found, the protagonists made up on their own —for instance, by touching noses.
On other occasions, though, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander acted as a peacemaker, engaging with the attacker and reducing the number of subsequent attacks compared with what might otherwise have been expected. Sometimes, by contrast, the bystander engaged with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior such as shaking and scratching.
5．Why does the author mention Winston Churchill in the first paragraph?
A．To prove pigs are clever. B．To show pigs are inspirational.
C．To state Churchill loves pigs. D．To introduce the topic of the text.
6．What probably decides on the pigs’ roles in pig conflict?
A．Their ages. B．Their weight.
C．Their safety needs. D．Their cognitive abilities.
7．Why did Ivan Norscia and his colleagues conduct the study?
A．To comprehend the role of bystanders in conflict resolution.
B．To figure out the relationship between pigs.
C．To record the details of 216 pig conflicts.
D．To find out the reason for pigs’ conflicts.
8．How will the bystander interact with the victim after a fight?
A．By shaking it. B．By touching its nose.
C．By scratching its back. D．By offering comfort to it.

We often hear honesty is the best policy, and no one likes to be called a liar. But is dishonesty always wrong? Not necessarily.
According to psychologists, there are two types of lies: lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies;and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” on Wechat Moment, not because you actually like what your friends posted, but because you want to show your support? This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie. But who people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting, or to make others jealous, this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements. An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on their presentation — even though it was only average — because you know they were nervous beforehand. In this case your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings. However, people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side. These are antisocial lies. They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result, will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world. So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively. Human babies sometimes pretend to cry, check to see if anyone is listening. and then start crying again. By the age of five, children learn to say things that are completely untrue, and most nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us. But that’s only true for antisocial lies. Pro-social lies. have the opposite effect — they can actually help us.
9．What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie?
A．The purpose it serves. B．The way it is told.
C．The occasion where it is told. D．The people it is told to.
10．What does the underlined phrase“resort to”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Admit to B．Turned to.
C．Show respect to D．Look forward to.
11．Which statement is supported by high-message?
A．We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings.
B．Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to
C．Lying on social media is pro-social, but face-to-face lying isn’t .
D．Sometimes, making people feel good outweighs telling the absolute truth.
12．Which might be the best title of the passage?
A．Lies That Harm Us B．Lying is A Second Nature
C．Lies That We Need to Tell D．Honesty is the Best Policy

American English and British English are similar in many ways. For example, most spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. However, the two languages are truly different in speech. Take the accents (口音) of Chris Evans, the star of Captain America, and Rowan Atkinson, who played Mr Bean, as an example of how far the two languages differ in modern times. But have you ever wondered how this change happened?
For that, we have to look at how both dialects began. According to the BBC, British English dates back to 449 AD, when the Saxons and the Angles — tribes (部落) from modern-day Germany and Denmark — entered Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.
As Celtic slowly faded, an early form of British English appeared with influences from French and Latin. It later became standard all over the UK following the first complete Modern English translation of the Bible (圣经) in 1535 and the appearance of writers like William Shakespeare. This went on to form British English as we know today.
However, in the USA, Britons’ language, other European languages, and Native American words all formed the basis of US English. New words also appeared. But they soon turned into a tool during the independence movement. In 1789, Noah Webster, a dictionary writer wrote, “As an independent nation, our honor requires us to have a system of our own, in language as well as government.”
After the independence movement, US English kept changing based on neighboring cultures. This can still be seen through state names such as Delaware and Illinois, which were from Native American language, and Colorado and Nevada, which were influenced by Spanish in the 1800s.
These days, Britons and Americans still argue over terminology (术语) and spellings. But their differences form a key part of each nation’s historical culture. Indeed, it shows the truth behind the sentence, “Britain and America are two nations divided by a common language.”
13．Why does the writer mention Chris Evans and Rowan Atkinson in Paragraph 1?
A．To tell us both of them are world-famous actors.
B．To show there are differences between the two English.
C．To inform us which kind of English each of them speaks.
D．To compare which English is used more widely now.
14．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Put down. B．Got popular.
C．Died out. D．Made changes.
15．What do we know about US English?
A．It was based on several languages.
B．All its words came from other languages.
C．It led to the US independence movement.
D．Neighboring countries didn’t influence it.
16．Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Discovering the Influence of English Languages
B．Arguing Over the Spellings of English Languages
C．Exploring the Development of English Languages
D．Guessing at the Future of English Languages

It’s been given the title “Asia’s water tower”: Sanjiangyuan, meaning “the source of three rivers”, is an area in Qinghai. It is the source of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and Lancang River.
The three rivers provide water for as many as 600 million people, or almost half the population of China. And yet, because of its weak ecosystem (生态系统) and human activities, the environment in Sanjiangyuan is becoming worse, putting the country’s water source at risk.
This is why China built its very first national park, the Sanjiangyuan National Park, to protect the sources in 2020. The park will also increase the area’s green coverage and become the home of many wildlife species.
Long before the decision to build the park was made, however, volunteers across the country had already started their own effort to protect Sanjiangyuan.
Take Ren Shihai for example, a 38-year-old volunteer from Beijing. Ren is a member of the Shan Shui Conservation Center, focusing on environmental protection in the Sanjiangyuan area. He joined a team of volunteers who taught at the No 2 Middle School in Zaduo county, in Qinghai’s Yushu. He said he got a feeling of happiness when students were very excited when he spoke about the rivers and mountains in Sanjiangyuan and why it was important to protect them.
Zhaxi Bading, a 13-year-old Tibetan student, said he learned something new in Ren’s class. “I know the rivers that run through my hometown but I didn’t know their effects on the environment of the lower reaches,” he said. “I’m proud that my hometown is beautiful, and I want to protect it.”
Now under the protection of our country, hopefully “Asia’s water tower” will still have that name for years to come.
17．What problem is Sanjiangyuan facing now?
A．Less wildlife. B．Worsening environment.
C．More visits. D．Not enough water.
18．Why did China build the Sanjiangyuan National Park in 2020?
A．To protect the water sources.
B．To study the wildlife in the area.
C．To enlarge the area of green coverage.
D．To increase the number of wildlife species.
19．How did Ren Shihai protect Sanjiangyuan?
A．By advising the government to build a national park.
B．By keeping the rivers and mountains in the area natural.
C．By collecting enough money to feed its wild animals.
D．By raising local children’s awareness of protecting it.
20．What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of Sanjiangyuan?
A．Unconcerned. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Worried.

This year I am living abroad in Germany and trying to learn as much German as possible. But one thing I didn’t realize was how many new words I would face every day. I see and hear new words everywhere: the notices in the train station; menus in restaurants; the local newspaper and of course from my German-speaking friends. New words are all around you when you are in a foreign country.
At first, a lot of German words I didn’t understand gave me a headache. I kept on looking up new words but by the end of the day I had forgotten most of them already. It upset me. A month later, I went to a shop and bought a small notebook. I set myself the goal of writing five new words a day into my little blue notebook. Since then, in my bag, I have always carried an important thing — my little blue word notebook.
I don’t have any rules about which words I write down. Most days I write down words that I learn from my partners at work, or words that I have read. I have also learned the names of many fruits and vegetables from looking at their labels (标签) in the supermarket — a very unexpected way of learning words. And I have learned many words that I have heard on TV or on the radio. If I hear a word that I even don’t know how to spell, I write down how I think it is and look it up later.
My little blue word notebook is now like my closest friend. We are like Batman and Robin; we go everywhere together. Setting the small daily goal has made me feel much more in control of my language learning and I am already seeing an improvement. I will continue to use it for the rest of my stay in Germany and also when I return to university at home in September.
21．What didn’t the writer expect before living in Germany?
A．He would get lost at the train station.
B．There would be so many new words.
C．The restaurants would serve strange food.
D．He would meet people from different countries.
22．Why did the writer buy a small notebook?
A．To write down the words he doesn’t know.
B．To show to others how hard he studies.
C．To keep a diary of what happens to him.
D．To take notes of what is taught in class.
23．What do we know about the writer from the passage?
A．He has some rules about the words written down.
B．He often goes to the supermarket to learn German.
C．He looks up new words as he writes them down.
D．He’ll keep using the word notebook in the future.
24．Which of the following may the writer probably agree with?
A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Facts speak louder than words.
C．It is never too old to learn. D．He that climbs high falls heavily.

There have been many earthquakes around the world in recent years, so it is necessary to know some safety tips for earthquakes.
To begin with, remember the Drop, Cover and Hold method (DCH) from the American Red Cross. Drop down to the floor. Take cover under a piece of furniture (家具) and protect your head and neck with your arms. Hold on to the furniture until the ground stops shaking.
Besides, you should learn some tips about how to keep yourself safe in different places when an earthquake happens. If you happen to be having a class at school, standing beside a wall will protect you from falling things. Don’t stand near windows or under lights. When you are in a public area, like in a bookstore, get down beside the stands or go to the corner. Protect your head with your arms or bag. Stay away from big advertising (广告) boards. If you’re in the kitchen at home, move away from the fridge and lights.
What’s more, knowing about the magnitude of an earthquake is also necessary for you to take proper action when an earthquake strikes. The magnitude is from 1 to 10 and the higher the number, the bigger the earthquake. Usually, people can feel an earthquake of magnitude 3 to 4. When an earthquake reaches 5, farm animals feel nervous and the surface of walls cracks. When it reaches 6, houses may fall down and people are likely to get injured.
To know more about earthquake safety, click http:// www. Xuexila. com.
25．How can you protect yourself in an earthquake according to DCH?
A．Climb onto the bed very quickly.
B．Stand still in the middle of the room.
C．Take shelter under a table and hold it.
D．Run out of the room as fast as you can.
26．According to the writer, what should you do when in a bookstore in an earthquake?
A．Stand near windows or under lights. B．Get down beside the stands.
C．Keep away from the crowded people. D．Stay near or under a big board.
27．Which is true about the magnitude of an earthquake?
A．An earthquake of magnitude 1 is very serious.
B．Walls crack in an earthquake of magnitude 3.
C．People can’t feel an earthquake of magnitude 5.
D．An earthquake of magnitude 6 may do great damage.

An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study. The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested.
While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person’s 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted. Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline.
The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check. Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes. Fixed straight ahead. Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted.
The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men. Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup. Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died. The proportion (比例)of deaths among those who failed the test (17.5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4.5%).
The research was observational and didn’t reveal cause and effect. The study didn’t look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity.
The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure. Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test.
28．What did the participants take during the research?
A．Vision examinations. B．Medical examinations.
C．Flexibility tests. D．Balance tests.
29．How did the researchers get the findings?
A．By calculating the participant numbers.
B．By comparing the participants’ lifetime.
C．By identifying the participants’ diseases.
D．By monitoring the participants’ pressure.
30．What was the research’s shortcoming?
A．It had few participants.
B．It didn’t last very long.
C．It lacked in-depth study.
D．It was the first research on balance.
31．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Balance determines a person’s lifetime
B．The balance test should be promoted to people
C．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levels
D．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy

The Rocks Guided Walking Tour
Overview
Search the history of Sydney on a leisurely 90-minute walking tour in The Rocks district with an expert guide. Enjoy the delights of present-day visuals as you explore The Rocksand as you discover shady courtyards and hidden areas that even the locals do not know about.
What to Expect
Meet your guide at the starting point in The Rocks district. From there, visit historic sites and hear stories about the city from a guide. The walking tour, which covers 1. 2 miles at a leisurely pace, focuses on the neighborhood located under the Sydney Harbour Bridge. You can wander around the area’s cobbled stone streets, alleyways and courtyards. The tour includes stops at Campbells Cove, the Garrison Church, which is known as the Church of Holy Trinity, etc. Plus, you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as views of Sydney Opera House.
Important Information
·Confirmation will be received at the time of booking.
·Children must be accompanied by an adult.
·Small groups (no more than 20 people).
·It operates in all weather conditions, please dress to the predicted weather conditions appropriate for an outdoor activity.
·Comfortable walking shoes, hat and a bottle of water are suggested.
·The tour is wheelchair accessible. However, be prepared for uneven surfaces at the visited sites which may be difficult for those with walking disabilities.
Departure Point: 35 Harrington St, The Rocks NSW 2000, Australia.
Duration: 90 minutes.
Return Detail: Return to original departure point.
32．What can the visitors enjoy during the tour?
A．Different villages. B．Remote courtyards.
C．The mountain landscape. D．The view of the sea.
33．What should the visitors prepare for the tour?
A．Suitable clothing. B．Many books.
C．Enough food. D．Some wheelchairs.
34．Where does the tour start?
A．In Sydney Opera House. B．At Campbells Cove.
C．At 35 Harrington St. D．In the Garrison Church.

Definitions of adult learning vary, but it is usually defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training, however far this process may have gone.
Education and training are important factors for achieving the strategy objectives of raising economic growth, competitiveness and social inclusion. However, with some exceptions, the process of implementing education and training remains weak. Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan.
An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning. Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning. The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs.
The big economic challenge in Europe is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion(凝聚力). The rapid progress in other regions of the world shows the importance of creative, advanced and quality education and training as key factors of economic competitiveness. General levels of competence must increase, both to meet the needs of the labour market and to allow citizens to function well in today's society.
Europe is facing big demographic(人口的) changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs. Over the next 30 years, the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%. One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80.
Given the challenges identified above, raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons. Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens, it also contributes to their personal well-being.
35．Which can replace the underlined word “implementing” in paragraph 2?
A．Carrying out.
B．Taking in.
C．Knowing about.
D．Looking over.
36．What can we learn from the research?
A．Adults have reduced healthcare costs.
B．Learning is good for adults’ health.
C．Few adults need to receive learning.
D．More research will focus on learning.
37．What problem does Europe face according to the text?
A．Europeans are not healthy.
B．Many old Europeans have died.
C．The European population is aging.
D．Young Europeans are out of work.
38．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph?
A．Lifelong learning is essential.
B．Raising adult population is significant.
C．We should help more efficient workers.
D．Work contributes to personal well-being.

About 15 years ago, Andrew McLindon, a businessman and cycling enthusiast, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a good friend’s 12-year-old son. The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus, a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances.
When he got home, McLindon, now 60, went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child with balance issues. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his friends, having fun and getting exercise. But there was more, as McLindon obtained from his friend’s reaction. “To see his son interacting with other kids,” McLindon says, “I’ll never forget the smile on the boy’s face.”
That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with children’s clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike and help craft each bike to the particular needs of the special child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking mechanism in the back. The bikes are expensive—$3,000 to $4,000, and that’s with the foundation’s steep producer’s discount. For kids lucky enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
“We worked with a 14-year-old girl who has spina bifida (脊柱裂),” says McLindon. “She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”
So far, the foundation has given away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of companies,” McLindon says. “But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do.”
39．Which of the following led McLindon to start the foundation?
A．His enthusiasm for cycling.
B．The joy a bike brought to a kid.
C．The proposal from his good friend.
D．His son’s suffering from a brain disease.
40．What can we learn about the bikes from the text?
A．They lack fund support.
B．They have safety issues.
C．They are very cheap and affordable.
D．They are designed for disabled kids.
41．What change did the bike bring to the 14-year-old girl?
A．She recovered physically.
B．She stopped watching TV.
C．Her athletic potential was developed.
D．Her desire to give was stimulated.
42．What is the text mainly about?
A．A bike seller. B．Life-altering cycles.
C．Mentally-disabled kids. D．An interactive platform.

In many casual discussion of language on the Internet, it’s common to hear about how “textspeak (短信语言)” is ruining language. Some people argue that technology has made us lazy about how we speak and write. Mainstream media have complained about the way in which people communicate using technology.
Of course, language does change when it’s used to text or write messages online. “Textspeak” is an evolution of language. It’s even the focus of the field of linguistics (语言学) called Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC). This field is devoted to the study of interaction facilitated by technology like computers, mobile phones and tablets. People have been complaining about language being “ruined” as long as they’ve been writing and speaking. In a talk, linguist John McWhorter shared stories of people complaining about language change through the ages. He said in AD 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an “artificial language”. In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French!
Today, people are able to communicate rapidly using a wide variety of tools and technologies. Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号), which can produce very clear pictures in our minds. The emoticon “:)”, for example, is a visual representation of a smiley face turned sideways. Although an emoticon may look like a smile, a frown or any number of facial expressions, it doesn’t really represent a face. Instead, it’s intended to express a feeling, such as “I’m happy” or “just joking”.
Emoticons that represent these feelings are what linguists call discourse particles. These are little pieces of language that offer information about the tone of the statement though some elders feel puzzled about it. Far from ruining language, it turns out that “textspeak” enables people to communicate complex feelings in a simple, streamlined manner. This kind of change is perfect for the modern, fast-paced world.
43．What have mainstream media complained about according to paragraph 1?
A．Communication barriers. B．The mode of communication.
C．Technological innovations. D．The laziness of modern people.
44．How does the author support the argument on language evolution?
A．By giving an example. B．By conducting an experiment.
C．By making comparisons. D．By underlying assumptions.
45．Which word can best describe emoticons?
A．Misty. B．Violent. C．Vivid. D．Mysterious.
46．What is the author’s attitude towards “textspeak”?
A．Approving. B．Tolerant. C．Unconcerned. D．Unclear.

This new packaging material looks like conventional plastic, but it’s actually made from fish waste and algae(海藻)—unlike plastic, if it escapes into the ocean, a fish could eat it safely. The material, called MarinaTex, is the winner of this year’s James Dyson Award.
“It began with my desire to work with waste,” says Lucy Hughes, a recent graduate from University of Sussex, who once visited a fish processing factory to see the massive quantity of waste generated by the industry and found new ways to use it. She focused on fish skins and scales(鳞片). “When I had it in my hands, I realized this has got potential,” she says. “It s super strong and flexible.” Hughes spent months experimenting with fish waste in her kitchen, running more than 100 experiments to find a binder(粘合剂) and a process that could hold together the proteins in the fish skins and scales.“I had a lot of failed attempts. A lot of things either were too easily broken or too soft or easily went bad,” she says. She finally found a type of algae that can be locally got.
The material can be used to replace oil-based plastic in packaging such as bags or the half-transparent windows used to show products in boxes. As her research continues, Hughes says that she’ll be studying how MarinaTex works and how long it could be used to store food.
Unlike some “composable” plastics, which need to be processed in an industrial composting(堆肥) facility to break down, the new material can break down in four to six weeks in a backyard compost bin. “All the ingredients are food-grade safe,” Hughes says. “So, this breaks down much like a piece of food would break down.
47．Why did MarinaTex win this year s James Dyson Award?
A．It doesn’t go into the ocean.
B．It is environmentally-friendly.
C．It doesn’t produce any waste.
D．It doesn’t look like conventional plastic.
48．What is the main idea conveyed in paragraph 2?
A．Where Hughes got inspiration for the binder.
B．How Hughes developed MarinaTex.
C．What advantages MarinaTex has.
D．Where the binder can be used.
49．What is yet to be found out?
A．How long it takes for MarinaTex to break down.
B．How long MarinaTex can be used to store food.
C．Whether MarinaTex can replace oil-based plastic.
D．Whether MarinaTex is better than half-transparent windows.
50．Where is the text most likely to appear?
A．In a science fiction. B．In a government report.
C．In a science magazine. D．In a government announcement.

Video conferencing has been around for more than 20 years. Until the Covid-19 pandemic, though, you would find that many people needing to attend a meeting remotely would be calling from a real conference room full of their teammates. Today, we’re routinely holding video conferences that are 100% virtual (虚拟). And this is creating a problem that technology can’t fix.
The problem is us, specifically the fact that we haven’t evolved (进化) socially to the point where we can bear much separation. So much of our well-being and work productivity is decided on how close we are physically. The removal of that for any period of time can be severely damaging. One aspect surprisingly affected by social distancing is laughter.
Normally people laugh about 18 times per day. And 97% of that time we’re laughing with others—we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than to laugh alone. Think about it; how often does it happen—when you and your friends laugh at something, is that something actually funny? Research shows that 80% of what people laugh at is really not that funny.
So why do people laugh? They laugh in order to laugh with others. Just as everyone starts yawning (打哈欠) when just one person yawns, most people can’t help but laugh when those around them do. This is why TV comedy shows often use prerecorded laugh tracks (音轨).
Laughing in response to other people’s laughing is not just a behavioral phenomenon. When we laugh, our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure, and dopamine which can improve learning, motivation and attention. In fact, studies show that people can stand 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand. Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work.
In today’s home-alone, virtual-team world, this is exactly what you as a team leader should be doing: for your team members to stay healthy and productive, you need to get them to laugh more and stress less.
51．Why is video conferencing mentioned at the beginning?
A．To show a fact. B．To entertain readers.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To summarize the passage.
52．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Laughing starts with yawning in groups.
B．Laughing comes more easily in groups.
C．Laugh tracks are popular in comedy shows.
D．Laughing is uncontrollable in conferences.
53．What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Laughing with others is out of politeness.
B．Laughing is the only way to reduce pain.
C．Laughing improves physical and mental health.
D．Laughing leads to a higher position in the workplace.
54．What would the author most probably discuss next?
A．Specific steps to produce laughter in a team.
B．Other factors that may influence a team’s health.
C．Ways to tell the real world from the virtual world.
D．The importance of maintaining work productivity.

The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much further away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) located 2.5 million light years away, and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes?
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built, and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). CMBR can be thought of as the echo (回声) of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.
55．Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy?
A．
B．
C．To present the origin of the universe.
D．To stress the severity of space pollution.
E．To show the limited range of human vision.
F．To prove humans' wonderful view of space.
56．What do we know about JWST?
A．It was launched in 2022.
B．It is more advanced than HST.
C．It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang.
D．It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies.
57．What does the underlined word "dense" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Distant. B．Rare.
C．Tiny. D．Thick.
58．What is the best title for the text?
A．How Far Can Humans See In Space? B．How Will JWST Be Applied?
C．How Will Humans Explore Space? D．How Far Can JWST See?

Introduction to the Events Held in the British Library
International Translation Day
29th-30th, September 2022
International Translation Day returns with a two-day programme from English PEN. It is the annual event for translators, translation and translated literature. Following the in-person programme of London-based workshops, talks and networking opportunities, English PEN hosts online conversations with international speakers.
Audio Description Tour of Gold
19th September, 2022
On this tour you can explore items that are hundreds of years old and disclose the stories lightened by gold. Discover the masterful techniques used to handle such a precious metal. This is an online only event hosted on the British Library platform. People booking it will be sent a viewing link in advance to watch at any time for 48 hours after the start time.
Spring and Summer 2022 Programme
12th February-21st August 2022
The British Library has cooperated with West Dean College of Arts and Conservation to deliver a study programme on preservation and collection for libraries. The programme centers around continued professional development and is aimed at professionals, students and others interested in furthering their skills in this area.
Alexander the Great: The Making of Wonders
21st October, 2022-19th February, 2023
Alexander, born in ancient Macedonia, built an empire that stretched across the ancient world, and his exploration of unfamiliar lands, rulers and cultures, from European to Asian shaped his legacy into the fantastic stories we know of today. Join librarians, writers and historians to dig into these stories, as you decide for yourself who Alexander really was.
59．What do the first two listed events have in common?
A．Both last two days. B．Both should be booked in advance.
C．Both are available on the Internet. D．Both are based in London workshops.
60．What does Spring and Summer 2022 Programme focus on?
A．The construction of college campuses.
B．The exploration of ancient technology.
C．The introduction of metal-handling techniques.
D．The development of library collection professions.
61．Which event is concerned with a historical figure?
A．International Translation Day.
B．Audio Description Tour of Gold.
C．Spring and Summer 2022 Programme.
D．Alexander the Great: The Making of Wonders.

If you’re taking the train in Switzerland, your first stop should be the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) website. Except for a few scenic routes, SBB runs all the regional, commuter trains, and high-speed trains in the country.
Kinds
●R, RE, and IR are regional trains that are slower, cheaper, and stop at all or most stations between two major centers.
●IC or ICN (the N is for “night”) are fast trains that connect major cities but do not stop at smaller towns along the way.
●S or S-Bahn trains are frequent commuter trains that connect cities and suburbs. If you miss an S train, there’s usually another one coming soon after.
Service
The SBB website sells one-way or round-trip tickets between Swiss cities and other cities in Europe. They also sell City Tickets, including the train to that city, public transportation in the town, and a travel pass that typically allows access to several touristic sites.
Ways of buying tickets
To purchase a ticket or research schedule options, type in your point-to-point destinations first and preferred travel time. You can select the train that works best for you. Once you’ve selected your route, enter your passenger information. You’ll have the option to purchase a City Ticket. Complete your purchase with a credit card. You will be issued a voucher (票券).
Tips
Children below 16 years of age travel free. But you must pick up a Swiss Family Card before traveling. For travelers with disabilities, select “Barrier-free travel” from the pull-down menu labeled “Standard view” to see only trains that have wheelchair-accessible carriages.
Your ticket will not show a seat reservation. If you buy tickets at the SBB counter or office in the train station, you’ll have the option of reserving a seat in advance.
62．Which of the following is the feature of S-Bahn trains?
A．They run frequently. B．They are cheap and slow.
C．They stop at all cities in Europe. D．They only connect major cities.
63．What should you do first when buying a ticket?
A．Insert your credit card. B．Input your coins.
C．Input your destination. D．Choose your preferred train.
64．How can you book a seat?
A．By calling SBB office to book tickets. B．By buying tickets at the SBB counter.
C．By booking tickets at SBB website. D．By paying some extra money.

With international travel again on the table, picking a destination for your school trip abroad is exciting and probably a little daunting. Here we have selected a few of our top destinations to inspire you and help you narrow down your options. Through exposure to different cultures, students will gain a more comprehensive understanding of the world and an appreciation for other peoples’ ways of life, not to mention that traveling with your students can be one of the most rewarding and memorable experiences you can have.
Discover the many wonders of Prague
Known for its diverse architecture and world-class museums, Prague is consistently ranked as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Unfolding among well-preserved castles, Baroque and Gothic cathedrals, medieval squares, and captivating bridges, a visit to Prague is guaranteed to be an eye opening and enriching school trip.
Be charmed by the many sides of Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s unique architectural charm is the perfect setting to engage students in history and culture. With a spectacular Gothic UNESCO-listed old town playing host to some of the most dynamic and varied art schools and community projects in the world, you can discover the ancient art of Scottish storytelling, visit unique local arts projects, dance the night way in a traditional Ceilidh (同乐会), and get involved with some fantastic charities.
Soak up the spirit of Liston
For students, Lisbon is the perfect setting for an exciting adventure that includes authentic Portuguese culture, fascinating architecture, and astonishing UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Portugoese people love sharing their unique homeland, so be prepared to be greeted by a friendly smile from a local.
Get sustainability inspiration in Copenhagen
Well-known for being a multicultural center, Copemhagen ls across the globe for the innovative approach to sustainable living — from growing organic produce in many urban greenhouses to promoting cycling culture. This fascinating school trip destination is filled with the newest technologies, sustainable solutions, and symbolic architecture.
65．Which trip best suits art students?
A．Discover the many wonders of Prague.
B．Be charmed by the many sides of Edinburgh.
C．Soak up the spirit of Lisbon.
D．Get sustainability inspiration in Copenhagen.
66．What do the four destinations have in common?
A．The locals are all very friendly.
B．Students have an opportunity to visit natural sites.
C．Students can have a multicultural experience.
D．These trips allow students to get close to different architecture.
67．Who is the text intended for?
A．Educators. B．Students.
C．Parents. D．Visitors.

In 1980, I lived in Sydney, Nova Scotia which was a dirty steel town then. The steel factory was fed by a large number of coal mines surrounding the area. I became fascinated by the mines, the miners and the life they led. One weekend, I visited the Miner’s Museum, which was built over a disused mine. Pictures of men, faces black with coal dust, hung from the walls on the main floor. Many would die from black lung disease long before they died of old age.
I was the only local in the group of tourists. Along the way, we paused to look at the displays of mining equipment from centuries long gone. At one lighted alcove (壁凹) there was a small cage. A bird once lived inside. Treated kindly by the miners, it was well fed. It sat and waited to give up its life as a warning of the deadly methane gas (沼气) the coal produced. With no color or smell, a buildup of methane would kill the miners and destroy the tunnels they worked in. The bird’s death, like a smoke detector, warned the men of danger.
“Turn off your helmet lights!” the guide then ordered in the tunnel. “I want you to experience the life of a miner.” One by one we turned off our lights. The darkness was total-so thick that you thought the very air itself had been sucked out of the mine. And the silence! The silence was complete except for the breaths of fear from my companions. In the end, when we were pulled back to the surface the warm sun had new meaning for us.
Back in my small, rented room in a basement, I closed the curtains and turned off the lights. I thought deeply about a miner’s life under the ground, black dust, no sunshine and much danger. It’s not a life I would wish on anyone. Many people may hate their jobs. There have been a few I didn’t like and complained about. Then I thought about the coal miners and realized how blessed I am.
68．Why did the author go to the Miner’s Museum?
A．Because he wanted to record the miners.
B．Because he didn’t want to do anything else.
C．Because he was interested in the life of the miners.
D．Because he was always attracted by pictures in museums.
69．What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A．The bird liked methane gas.
B．Even a little methane gas would kill the miners.
C．The tunnels would be exploded by the miners if methane gas was released.
D．It was hard for the miners to know if methane gas was released without the bird.
70．How did the tourists feel after turning off their helmet lights?
A．Calm and relaxed.
B．Excited and thrilled.
C．Fascinated and peaceful.
D．Breathless and frightened.
71．What does the author want to convey in the last two paragraphs?
A．He believed that he was very lucky.
B．The basement was his tunnel and mine.
C．No job could satisfy him except mining.
D．It was impossible for miners to live a happy life.

About 600,000 people die of heart attacks at home each year. And the survival rate (存活率) of out-of-hospital heart attacks is much lower than those that happen at the in-hospital setting.
Pumpstart, a program created by students at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) which is meant to teach hands-only CPR (心脏复苏术) to the general public, is effective in both teaching high school students a life-saving skill and providing medical students with a chance to take part in public health and medical education after several surveys.
High school students in the Boston area who joined in the Pumpstart program completed pre-/post surveys. The pre-surveys were carried out before they watched a 60-minute training session (培训课程) on hands-only CPR. And the post surveys were done after the training session. Medical students also completed surveys judging their comfort in learning CPR both before and after they took part in the program. The high school students reported huge improvements in CPR skills following their training from Pumpstart. And it was reported that the medical students had higher confidence levels regarding their abilities to answer questions about CPR and helping new medical students to better understand the training sessions after they joined in Pumpstart.
“Getting the general public to feel comfortable performing CPR is important to overall improved survival from heart attacks,” explained Anita Knopov, a fourth-year medical student at BUSM. “Using educational resources provided by the city medical center and offering training to inner-city high school students allow medical students to serve as both educators and experienced people in CPR within the community, while making high school students interested in the healthcare field (医疗领域). That’s what Pumpstart does.”
Knopov believes Pumpstart can serve as a model for other organizations and can have a long-term (长期的) public health influence as the bystander CPR continues to be one of the most useful factors in out-of-hospital (医院之外) heart attack survival. “Although Pumpstart is offered only in Boston, we hope that our work may stimulate the development of similar programs in other areas. And in that case we can use lots of new ‘Pumpstarts’ in other regions.”
72．What is the main purpose of Pumpstart?
A．To change people’s lifestyle.
B．To train students to be healthy
C．To improve CPR skills of the public.
D．To provide medical care for communities.
73．What does Paragraph 4 imply?
A．Pumpstart improves students self-confidence
B．Pumpstart performs CPR for people independently.
C．Pumpstart obviously reduces the risk of heart attacks
D．Pumpstart encourages students to work in the healthcare field
74．What does Anita Knopov think of the program?
A．Pretty useful. B．Widely popular
C．Partly confusing. D．Fairly interesting
75．What does the underlined word “stimulate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Check B．Prevent
C．Encourage D．Slow


参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者等人去Machu Picchu遗址的经历。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As we climbed and climbed, it was easy to imagine how the Spanish failed to discover Machu Picchu during their travels up and down along the Urubamba River far below. The site sits over 7,000 feet high on a mountain top and plants hide it from view.(当我们爬啊爬，很容易想象西班牙人在沿着乌鲁班巴河上下旅行时是如何未能发现Machu Picchu的。该遗址位于海拔超过7000英尺的山顶上，植物将其隐藏起来。)”可知，作者提到西班牙人是为了说明Machu Picchu很难被发现。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“No one knows for sure what Machu Picchu was used for or when and why the site was abandoned(遗弃). These questions will likely never be answered.  However, what is known for sure is that it was an amazing creation!(没有人确切知道Machu Picchu用于什么或何时以及为什么地方被遗弃。这些问题可能永远都得不到答案。然而，可以肯定的是，这是一个惊人的创造！)”可知，作者认为Machu Picchu是个惊人的创造。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“We had a chance to visit an ancient drawbridge(开合桥). This tested my fear of heights as the drop-off at some points was close to 2,000 feet straight down.”(我们有机会参观了一座古老的开合桥。这考验了我的恐高症，因为在某些地方，直线下降的高度接近2000英尺。)”可知，当作者经过开合桥的时候内心是害怕的。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Santiago has visited Machu Picchu many times and knows the best time to arrive.( Santiago去过Machu Picchu很多次，他知道到达Machu Picchu的最佳时间。)”、第三段“As we entered Machu Picchu, we had an opportunity to take the famous “postcard picture” thanks to Santiago. There wasn’t one question that he did not have an answer for.(当我们进入Machu Picchu时，我们有机会拍下了著名的“明信片照片”，这要感谢Santiago。没有一个问题是他没有答案的。)”可知，Santiago对Machu Picchu非常熟悉和了解。故选B。
5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猪打架后如何和解，这证实了猪是非常聪明的。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段““I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up at us, cats look down on us, but pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in other domestic beasts, for it was they who ended up running the show in novel Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures. ”（据说温斯顿•丘吉尔曾说过：“我喜欢猪。”“狗仰视我们，猫俯视我们，但猪对我们一视同仁。”与丘吉尔同时代的乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell)是否也喜欢猪就不那么清楚了。但他也肯定在它们身上看到了其他家养动物所缺乏的东西，因为在小说《动物庄园》中，最终是它们在表演。因此，猪是一种聪明的群居动物。）可推知，作者在第一段提到温斯顿•丘吉尔是为了引出本文要探讨的话题。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Who is what depends largely on weight, for, among pigs pounds mean power.”（谁是什么主要取决于体重，因为对猪来说，体重意味着力量。）可知，它们的体重决定了猪在猪冲突中的角色。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in resolving fights —and what this says about pigs’ cognitive abilities.”（因此，他想了解这些旁观者在解决争斗中的作用，以及这对猪的认知能力有何影响。）可知，Ivan Norscia和他的同事进行这项研究是因为想理解旁观者在解决冲突中的作用。故选A项。
8．推理判断有。根据最后一段“On other occasions, though, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander acted as a peacemaker, engaging with the attacker and reducing the number of subsequent attacks compared with what might otherwise have been expected. Sometimes, by contrast, the bystander engaged with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior such as shaking and scratching.”（然而，在其他场合，第三只猪介入了。有时，这个旁观者扮演和事佬的角色，与攻击者接触，减少随后的攻击次数，否则可能会发生。相比之下，有时旁观者会与受害者互动。这似乎使受害者平静下来，因为它减少了与焦虑相关的行为，如摇晃和抓挠。）可推知，在一场打斗之后，旁观者通过安慰来与受害者互动。故选D项。
9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了谎言的两种类型，一种是有助于你的人际关系和周围人的谎言被称为亲社会谎言，还有一种是伤害他人的反社会谎言。介绍了两种谎言的不同之处和影响，指出让人感觉良好比说出绝对的真相更重要。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“How often have you clicked “Like” on Wechat Moment, not because you actually like what your friends posted, but because you want to show your support? This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie. But who people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting, or to make others jealous, this is antisocial lying.(你有多少次在朋友圈点了赞，不是因为你真的喜欢你的朋友发布的东西，而是因为你想表示你的支持？这个善意的谎言是有利于社会谎言的一个例子。但当人们为了让自己的生活看起来更刺激，或让别人嫉妒而在社交网络上撒谎时，这就是反社会的谎言)”可推知，行为的目的可以帮助我们区分有利于社会的谎言和反社会的谎言。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.(撒谎也是自然界的重要组成部分)”以及后文“Human babies sometimes pretend to cry, check to see if anyone is listening, and then start crying again.(人类婴儿有时会假装哭泣，看看有没有人在听，然后又开始哭泣)”可知，撒谎是人的本能行为，所以人们求助于谎言来解决问题也不足为奇，故resort to的意思是“求助于”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段中“An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on their presentation—even though it was only average—because you know they were nervous beforehand. In this case your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings. (职场上亲社会谎言的一个例子是恭维某人的演示——即使很一般——因为你知道他们事先很紧张。在这种情况下，你的目的只是为了保护你同事的感情)”以及最后一段“Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us. But that’s only true for antisocial lies. Pro-social lies have the opposite effect — they can actually help us.(撒谎会对我们的人际关系和周围的人造成极大的伤害。但这只适用于反社会的谎言。亲社会的谎言有相反的效果——它们实际上可以帮助我们)”可推知，文章支持D选项“有时，让人感觉良好比说出绝对的真相更重要”的说法。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We often hear honesty is the best policy, and no one likes to be called a liar. But is dishonesty always wrong? Not necessarily.(我们经常听到诚实是上策，没有人喜欢被称为骗子。但是不诚实总是错的吗？不一定)”结合文章主要说明了谎言的两种类型，一种是有助于你的人际关系和周围人的谎言被称为亲社会谎言，还有一种是伤害他人的反社会谎言。介绍了两种谎言的不同之处和影响，指出让人感觉良好比说出绝对的真相更重要。可知，C选项“我们需要说的谎言”最符合文章标题。故选C。
13．B 14．C 15．A 16．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式英语与美式英语的形成及发展历史，并指出两者之间的关系：英国和美国是两个被同一种语言分裂的国家。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, the two languages are truly different in speech. Take the accents (口音) of Chris Evans, the star of Captain America, and Rowan Atkinson, who played Mr Bean, as an example of how far the two languages differ in modern times.(然而，这两种语言在发音上确实不同。以美国队长的主演克里斯·埃文斯和憨豆先生的扮演者罗文·阿特金森的口音为例，说明了这两种语言在现代的差异有多大)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了克里斯·埃文斯和罗温·阿特金森，是为了表明英式英语和美式英语是有差异的。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“According to the BBC, British English dates back to 449 AD, when the Saxons and the Angles — tribes (部落) from modern-day Germany and Denmark — entered Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.(据BBC报道，英式英语可以追溯到公元449年，当时来自今天德国和丹麦的撒克逊人和盎格鲁人进入英国，取代了古老的凯尔特语)”以及划线句子中的后半部分“an early form of British English appeared with influences from French and Latin.(在法语和拉丁语的影响下，早期形式的英式英语出现了，受到法语和拉丁语的影响)”可知，凯尔特语慢慢消失了。由此可知，划线词faded与died out(灭亡、逐渐消失)意思接近。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However, in the USA, Britons’ language, other European languages, and Native American words all formed the basis of US English.(然而，在美国，英国人的语言、其他欧洲语言和美洲原住民的词汇都构成了美式英语的基础)”可知，多种语言构成了美式英语的基础。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“American English and British English are similar in many ways. For example, most spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. However, the two languages are truly different in speech.(美式英语和英式英语在许多方面相似。例如，大多数拼写和语法规则在很大程度上是相同的。然而，这两种语言在发音上确实不同)”及下文可知，本文以时间为线索，探索了英式英语和美式英语形成及发展的历史，从而产生了两者之间的差异。由此可知，Exploring the Development of English Languages(探究英语语言的发展)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了修建三江源国家公园的背景、目的，以及志愿者为保护三江源地区所付出的努力。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“And yet, because of its weak ecosystem and human activities, the environment in Sanjiangyuan is becoming worse, putting the country’s water source at risk.”（然而，由于其脆弱的生态系统和人类活动，三江源的环境正在恶化，使国家的水资源处于危险之中。）可知，三江源现在面临着日益恶化的环境问题。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“And yet, because of its weak ecosystem and human activities, the environment in Sanjiangyuan is becoming worse, putting the country’s water source at risk.”（然而，由于其脆弱的生态系统和人类活动，三江源的环境正在恶化，使国家的水资源处于危险之中。）以及第三段第一句“This is why China built its very first national park, the Sanjiangyuan National Park, to protect the sources in 2020.”（这就是为什么中国在2020年建立了第一个国家公园——三江源国家公园来保护资源。）可知，中国在2020年建设三江源国家公园是为了保护水源。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“He said he got a feeling of happiness when students were very excited when he spoke about the rivers and mountains in Sanjiangyuan and why it was important to protect them.”（他说，当他谈到三江源的河流和山脉以及为什么保护它们很重要时，学生们都很兴奋，他有一种幸福感。）以及第六段的内容“Zhaxi Bading, a 13-year-old Tibetan student, said he learned something new in Ren’s class. “I know the rivers that run through my hometown but I didn’t know their effects on the environment of the lower reaches,” he said. “I’m proud that my hometown is beautiful, and I want to protect it.””（13岁的藏族学生扎西·巴丁(音)说，他在任的课上学到了新东西。“我知道流经我家乡的河流，但我不知道它们对下游环境的影响，”他说。“我为家乡的美丽而自豪，我想要保护它。”）可以推断出，Ren Shihai是通过提高当地孩子对三江源重要性的认识，从而提高他们对三江源加以保护的意识。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now under the protection of our country, hopefully “Asia’s water tower” will still have that name for years to come.”（现在在我们国家的保护下，希望“亚洲水塔”在未来的岁月里仍然会有这个名字。）可以推断出作者对三江源的未来是充满希望的，即乐观的。故选C项。
21．B 22．A 23．D 24．A

【导语】本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己在德国生活和学习，每天都要面对大量的生词所带来的挑战。于是，作者买了一个小笔记本用来积累所遇到的生词，通过这种方法，在语言学习上已经取得了一定的进步。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But one thing I didn’t realize was how many new words I would face every day.(但有件我没意识到的事是每天我要面对多少新单词)”可知，作者之前没有意识到的一件事是在德国每天要面对的生词非常多。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“I set myself the goal of writing five new words a day into my little blue notebook.(我在我的蓝色小笔记本上给自己设定了每天写五个新单词的目标)”可知，作者买小笔记本的目的是为了记生词。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“I will continue to use it for the rest of my stay in Germany and also when I return to university at home in September.(在德国剩下的日子里我将继续使用它，九月份我返回家那边的大学时也是一样)”可知，作者将来会继续使用单词笔记本，故选D项。
24．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者由最初每天被生词包围感到头疼，到买小笔记本有计划地积累生词，从而使得自己对语言学习有了更多的掌控感，也看到了自己的进步，并因此想把这一学习方法继续下去。结合最后一段的“Setting the small daily goal has made me feel much more in control of my language learning and I am already seeing an improvement.(设定一个小小的日常目标让我感觉自己对语言学习的掌控力更强，而且我已经看到了进步)”推知，A项“罗马不是一日建成的”可以体现作者在语言学习中通过不断积累，而取得了进步，应与作者观点一致。故选A项。
25．C 26．B 27．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就地震中应该采取哪些有效措施保护自身安全提出了一些建议。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Drop down to the floor. Take cover under a piece of furniture (家具) and protect your head and neck with your arms. Hold on to the furniture until the ground stops shaking.(趴在地板上。躲在一件家具的下面，用手臂保护头部和颈部。抓住家具，直到地面停止摇晃)”可知，根据DCH，在地震中我们可以通过躲在桌子下面并且抓住它来保护自己。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段的“When you are in a public area, like in a bookstore, get down beside the stands or go to the corner.(当你在公共场所时，比如在书店里，从书架旁边下来，或者走到角落里)”可知，当地震发生时如果你在在书店，你可以在书架旁边蹲下或走到角落里。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据第四段的“When it reaches 6, houses may fall down and people are likely to get injured.(当地震达到6级时，房屋可能会倒塌，人们也可能会受伤)”可知，达到六级的地震可能造成巨大破坏。故选D。
28．D 29．B 30．C 31．C

【导语】本文是篇说明文。研究表明，单脚站立的能力可以反映出中老年人的健康水平。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check.”（这项研究涉及了1702名生活在巴西的51岁至75岁的人，他们被要求在最初的检查中单腿保持平衡。）可知，参与者们在这项研究中做了平衡能力的测试。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段“Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died. The proportion（比例） of deaths among those who failed the test (17. 5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4. 5%).”（研究人员在最初的体检后对参与者进行了七年的监测，在此期间，7%的人死亡，未通过测试者(17.5%)的死亡率明显高于那些能够保持10秒平衡的人(4.5%)。）可知， 研究者们通过对比参与者们的寿命来得出了研究结论。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“The research was observational and didn’t reveal cause and effect. The study didn’t look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity.”（这项研究是观察性的，没有揭示因果关系，这项研究没有考察任何可能解释平衡能力差与长寿之间联系的生物学机制。）可知，这项研究欠缺深入的研究。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study. ”（根据一项新的研究，如果在晚年不能单腿站立10秒钟，那么在未来10年内因任何原因死亡的风险将增加近一倍。）和最后一段“The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure.”（研究指出，总体而言，未通过测试的人健康状况较差，患有肥胖症、心脏病和高血压的比例更高。）及全文内容可知，本文主要说明了单脚站立的能力可以反映出一个人的健康状况。故选C。
32．D 33．A 34．C

【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了悉尼岩石区徒步旅行的相关情况。
32．细节理解题。根据What to Expect部分最后一句“Plus, you can see the shoreline of Sydney Cove as well as views of Sydney Opera House.(此外，您还可以看到悉尼湾的海岸线以及悉尼歌剧院的景色)”可知，游客在这个旅行中能欣赏到海景。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据Important Information部分第四点的介绍“It operates in all weather conditions, please dress to the predicted weather conditions appropriate for an outdoor activity.(它可以在所有天气条件下运行，请按照适合户外活动的预测天气条件着装)”可知，游客要根据天气情况选择合适的服装。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据“Departure Point: 35 Harrington St, The Rocks NSW 2000, Australia.(出发地点：澳大利亚新南威尔士州岩石区2000哈灵顿大街35号)”可知，哈灵顿大街35号是这个旅行开始的地方。故选C。
35．A 36．B 37．C 38．A

【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要介绍了终身教育的好处和推广终身教育的重要性。
35．词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文的进一步解释“Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan.(大多数教育和培训制度仍然主要侧重于年轻人的教育和培训，在改变制度以反映整个生命周期的学习需求方面进展有限。)”可知，大多数教育系统都在关注年轻人，而关于终身教育的系统却没取得什么进步，即，实施教育和培训的进程仍然薄弱。由此可推知，“implementing”意为“执行，实施”含义， 相当于“carrying out”。故选A项。
36．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The research on adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs.(对成年人的研究表明，积极学习的人更健康，因此医疗成本也会降低。)”可知, 那些参与学习的成年人更加健康。故选B项。
37．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Europe is facing big demographic changes …Over the next 30 years, the number of younger Europeans will fall by 15%. One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80.(欧洲正面临巨大的人口结构变化……未来30年，欧洲年轻人的数量将下降15%。三分之一的欧洲人将超过60岁，大约十分之一的人将超过80岁。)”可知, 未来三十年, 欧洲年轻人的数量会减少, 而老年人的数量会增多。这表明欧洲正面临人口老龄化问题。故选C项。
38．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the challenges identified above, raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons. Not only does lifelong learning help make adults more efficient workers and more active citizens, it also contributes to their personal well-being.(鉴于上述挑战，通过在整个成人生活中提供更多更好的学习机会来提高成年人的整体技能水平，对效率和公平都很重要。终身学习不仅有助于成年人成为更高效的工作者和更积极的公民，还有助于他们的个人幸福。)”可知，作者想表达终身教育的重要性，终身教育是必不可少的。故选A项。
39．B 40．D 41．C 42．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会，为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from hydrocephalus, a buildup of liquid in the brain that often causes balance disturbances.(这个男孩从未体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有脑积水，脑积水经常导致平衡障碍。)”以及第二段中“McLindon says, “I’ll never forget the smile on the boy’s face.”(麦克林登说:“我永远不会忘记那个男孩脸上的笑容。”)”以及第三段中“That smile has contributed to launching the McLindon Family Foundation. (他的微笑促成了麦克林登家族基金会的成立。)”可知，麦克林登看到那些从未体验过骑自行车乐趣的孩子们骑上了自行车，孩子们脸上的笑容促使他成立基金会。故选B。
40．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Funded by donations, the group works with pediatric rehab (小儿科康复) clinics to find children who can benefit from owning an adaptive bike—and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. A bike may include a headrest, a shoulder harness, a seat belt, and a caregiver’s steering and braking mechanism in the back. (在捐款的资助下，该组织与儿科康复诊所合作，寻找能够从拥有一辆自适应自行车中受益的儿童，并帮助根据儿童的特殊需要设计每辆自行车。自行车可能包括头枕、肩带、安全带，以及背部护理人员的转向和制动机构)”可知，这种自行车是为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作的适合他们骑行的特殊自行车，即它们是为残疾儿童设计的。故选D。
41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中““She spent most days on the couch watching TV. Soon after she got her bike, she was training for professional sports training. In a magazine interview, she said, ‘I always knew there was an athlete in me.’”(“她大部分时间都窝在沙发上看电视。在她得到自行车后不久，她就开始接受专业运动训练。在一次杂志采访中，她说，‘我一直都知道自己有运动员的潜质。’”)”可知，自行车让这个14岁的女孩知道自己有运动员的潜质，即她的运动潜力得到了开发。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了自行车爱好者安德鲁·麦克林登创立麦克林登家族基金会，为平衡感有问题的孩子们制作适合他们骑行的特殊自行车，从而改变了他们的生活。故B选项“Life-altering cycles.(改变一生的自行车。)”概括文章主要内容。故选B。
43．B 44．A 45．C 46．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过对比人们对于短信语言的使用的不同态度，进而提出自己的观点：这种变化非常适合现代快节奏的世界。
43．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mainstream media have complained about the way in which people communicate using technology.”（主流媒体抱怨人们使用科技进行交流的方式。）可知，主流媒体抱怨的是人们的沟通方式。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In a talk, linguist John McWhorter shared stories of people complaining about language change through the ages. He said in AD 63, for example, a Roman scholar complained that students of Latin were writing in an “artificial language”. In fact, this writing was a new language that would become French!”（在一次谈话中，语言学家约翰 · 麦克沃特分享了人们抱怨语言随着时代变化的故事。他举例说，在公元63年，一位罗马学者抱怨学生用“人工语言”写作。事实上，这种文字是一种新的语言，将成为法语！）可知，此处使用了举例子的方式证明了语言的进化。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhaps no linguistic development better indicates changes in the ways we communicate than the popular emoticon (表情符号), which can produce very clear pictures in our minds.”（也许没有哪种语言的发展能比流行的表情符号更好地表明我们交流方式的变化，这种表情符号可以在我们的脑海中形成非常清晰的图像。）可知，表情符号是生动的。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This kind of change is perfect for the modern, fast-paced world.”（这种变化非常适合现代快节奏的世界。）可知，作者对于使用表情符号等类似的短信语言的态度是赞同的。故选A。
47．B 48．B 49．B 50．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是一种看起来与普通的便利袋相仿的新发明的包装材料，这种材料是由鱼废料和海藻制作而成的。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This new packaging material looks like conventional plastic, but it’s actually made from fish waste and algae(海藻)—unlike plastic, if it escapes into the ocean, a fish could eat it safely.(这种新的包装材料看起来像传统的塑料，但它实际上是由鱼粪和藻类制成的——与塑料不同，如果它逃逸到海洋中，鱼可以安全地食用它。)”可知，这种材料很环保。故选B项。
48．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的““It began with my desire to work with waste,” says Lucy Hughes, a recent graduate from University of Sussex, who once visited a fish processing factory to see the massive quantity of waste generated by the industry and found new ways to use it.(“这始于我处理废物的愿望，”刚从萨塞克斯大学毕业的露西休斯说，她曾经参观过一家鱼类加工厂，看到该行业产生的大量废物，并找到了使用它的新方法。)”以及尾句“She finally found a type of algae that can be locally got.(她终于找到了一种可以在当地得到的藻类。)”结合该段中间的每个细节可判断，该段分析的是Lucy Hughes研发这种材料的过程。故选B项。
49．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“As her research continues, Hughes says that she’ll be studying how MarinaTex works and how long it could be used to store food.(随着研究的继续，休斯说她将研究MarinaTex的工作原理以及它可以用于储存食物多长时间。)”可知，有待于研究的是MarinaTex的工作原理以及用于存储食物多久。故选B项。
50．推理判断题。根据首段中的首句“This new packaging material looks like conventional plastic, but it’s actually made from fish waste and algae(海藻)—unlike plastic, if it escapes into the ocean, a fish could eat it safely.(随着研究的继续，休斯说她将研究MarinaTex的工作原理以及它可以用于储存食物多长时间。)”可知，该篇文章介绍的是一种新型的包装材料，属于科学研究，由此可以判断，该文应该出现在科学杂志当中。故选C项。
51．C 52．B 53．C 54．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人们为什么笑以及笑对于我们身心健康的重要性。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, we’re routinely holding video conferences that are 100% virtual (虚拟). And this is creating a problem that technology can’t fix. (今天，我们经常性地举行100%虚拟的视频会议，这就产生了一个技术无法解决的问题。)”以及第二段的“So much of our well-being and work productivity is decided on how close we are physically. The removal of that for any period of time can be severely damaging. One aspect surprisingly affected by social distancing is laughter. (我们的幸福感和工作效率很大程度上取决于我们的身体距离有多近。任何一段时间的近距离身体接触的缺失都有可能具有严重的破坏性。令人惊讶的是，受社交距离影响的一个方面是笑声。)”可知此处提到的视频会议是为了引出笑这个话题。故选C项。
52．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段的“So why do people laugh? They laugh in order to laugh with others. Just as everyone starts yawning (打哈欠) when just one person yawns, most people can’t help but laugh when those around them do. (那么人们为什么会笑呢?他们笑是为了和别人一起笑。就像当一个人打哈欠时，每个人都开始打哈欠，当周围的人笑时，大多数人都会忍不住笑。)”以及“why TV comedy shows often use prerecorded laugh tracks.(为什么电视喜剧节目经常使用预先录制好的笑声。)”可知，此处是在说笑和打呵欠一样具有传染力，即当周围的人笑时，大多数人都会忍不住笑，由此可知此处的This指代的是在群体中更容易笑这个事实。故选B项。
53．推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“When we laugh, our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure, and dopamine which can improve learning, motivation and attention. In fact, studies show that people can stand 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand. Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work. (当我们笑的时候，我们的身体会产生两种关键的化学物质：内啡肽，它有助于缓解疼痛和激发愉悦感；多巴胺，它可以提高学习、动机和注意力。事实上，研究表明：人们只需提前几分钟大笑，就能承受15%以上的疼痛。笑还能提高工作积极性和工作效率。)”可知笑可以让我们减缓疼痛激发愉悦感，提高工作效率，所以可以推出笑能够增进我们的身心健康。故选C项。
54．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“In today’s home-alone, virtual-team world, this is exactly what you as a team leader should be doing: for your team members to stay healthy and productive, you need to get them to laugh more and stress less. (在今天这个独居的虚拟团队世界中，这正是你作为团队领导者应该做的：为了让你的团队成员保持健康和高效，你需要让他们多笑，减少压力。)”可知为了让你的团队成员保持健康和高效，你需要让他们多笑，减少压力，所以文章接下来应该讲到在团队中如何制造笑声，即制造笑声的的具体步骤。故选A项。
55．C 56．B 57．D 58．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们用肉眼观察到的宇宙范围十分有限，但是在太空望远镜的帮助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。
55．目的意图题。根据文章第一段中“With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance.(仅凭我们的眼睛，我们通常只能看到几千光年的距离。)”以及“In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes?(为了看得更远的太空，我们必须依靠望远镜。使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表达肉眼可见范围十分有限，故选C。
56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）发射之前，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）一直是太空最远可见距离的纪录保持者。)”及“That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.( 这意味着与HST相比，JWST能够再拼凑3亿年的普世历史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜)比HST(哈勃太空望远镜)更先进可以观测到更远的范围，故选B。
57．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space(虽然光在宇宙微波背景辐射之前就已经存在，但气体和尘埃的密度太大，光无法穿过空间。)”以及结合光无法穿过空间可知，是因为气体和尘埃的原因，光无法穿过的可能性是气体和尘埃密度太大，故选D。
58．标题判断题。根据第一段最后一句“How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes?(使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远)”及各段大意，文章第一段主要讲述了肉眼可见最远距离，第二段讲述了新的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的优势，第三段讲述了我们能看到的最远物理距离。可知，文章主要讲述了人类可观测到的最远距离，故选A。
59．C 60．D 61．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了大英图书馆的一些活动。
59．推理判断题。根据文章“International Translation Day”部分内容“Following the in-person programme of London-based workshops, talks and networking opportunities, English PEN hosts online conversations with international speakers.(除了在伦敦举办的面对面的研讨会、谈话和交流机会外，英国笔会还主持与国际演讲者的在线对话。)”可知，该项目有网络的在线对话，而“Audio Description Tour of Gold”部分内容“People booking it will be sent a viewing link in advance to watch at any time for 48 hours after the start time.(预定的观众将提前收到观看链接，可以在开演后48小时内随时观看。)”则提到可以提前通过网络链接观看演出。由此可推知，二者的共同点是都可以通过在网上找到。故选C项。
60．细节理解题。根据文章“Spring and Summer 2022 Programme”部分内容“The British Library has cooperated with West Dean College of Arts and Conservation to deliver a study programme on preservation and collection for libraries. The programme centers around continued professional development and is aimed at professionals, students and others interested in furthering their skills in this area.(大英图书馆与西迪恩艺术与保护学院合作，为图书馆提供了一个关于保存和收藏的研究项目。该项目以持续专业发展为中心，面向专业人士、学生和其他有兴趣在这一领域提高技能的人。)”可知，该项目涉及图书馆的“保存和收藏”，即，馆藏专业，以该专业的持续性发展为中心。因此，该项目的重点是图书馆馆藏事业的发展。故选D项。
61．细节理解题。根据题干关键词“a historical figure”定位到文章“Alexander the Great: The Making of Wonders”部分内容“Alexander, born in ancient Macedonia, built an empire that stretched across the ancient world, and his exploration of unfamiliar lands, rulers and cultures, from European to Asian shaped his legacy into the fantastic stories we know of today.(亚历山大出生于古代马其顿，他建立了一个横跨古代世界的帝国，他对陌生的土地、统治者和文化的探索，从欧洲到亚洲，将他的遗产塑造成我们今天所知道的奇妙故事。)”可知，该项目是与历史人物亚历山大有关。故选D项。
62．A 63．C 64．B

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了瑞士联邦铁路网站的相关信息，包括火车的种类、提供的服务、买票方式和小贴士。
62．细节理解题。根据Kinds下第三个黑点“S or S-Bahn trains are frequent commuter trains that connect cities and suburbs. If you miss an S train, there’s usually another one coming soon after.(S或S-Bahn列车是连接城市和郊区的频繁通勤列车。如果你错过了S火车，通常不久就会有另一列火车。)”可知，S-Bahn列车是频繁通勤列车，错过一辆，下一辆也会很快到达。所以S-Bahn列车的特点就是运行频繁。故选A。
63．细节理解题。根据Ways of buying tickets下“To purchase a ticket or research schedule options, type in your point-to-point destinations first and preferred travel time.(要购买火车票或研究行程选项，请先输入您的点对点目的地和首选旅行时间。)”可知，当买火车票的时候，首先要输入目的地。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Your ticket will not show a seat reservation. If you buy tickets at the SBB counter or office in the train station, you’ll have the option of reserving a seat in advance.(您的火车票不会显示座位预订。如果您在火车站的SBB柜台或办公室买票，您可以选择提前预订座位。)”可知，在火车站的SBB柜台或办公室买票才可以提前预定座位。题干中的book和原文中的reserve是同义替换，都表示“预订”。故选B。
65．B 66．D 67．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个适合海外学校旅行的目的地。
65．细节理解题。根据Be charmed by the many sides of Edinburgh部分中的“With a spectacular Gothic UNESCO-listed old town playing host to some of the most dynamic and varied art schools and community projects in the world, you can discover the ancient art of Scottish storytelling, visit unique local arts projects, dance the night way in a traditional Ceilidh (同乐会), and get involved with some fantastic charities.(在联合国教科文组织列出的一座壮观的哥特式老城中，有一些世界上最具活力和多样性的艺术学校和社区项目，你可以发现苏格兰古老的故事艺术，参观独特的当地艺术项目，在传统的同乐会，并参与一些奇妙的慈善活动)”可知，Be charmed by the many sides of Edinburgh最适合艺术学生。故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据Discover the many wonders of Prague部分中的“Known for its diverse architecture and world-class museums, Prague is consistently ranked as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.(布拉格以其多样的建筑和世界级的博物馆而闻名，一直被列为世界上最美丽的城市之一)”，Be charmed by the many sides of Edinburgh部分中的“Edinburgh’s unique architectural charm is the perfect setting to engage students in history and culture.(爱丁堡独特的建筑魅力是吸引学生学习历史和文化的绝佳场所)”，Soak up the spirit of Liston部分中的“For students, Lisbon is the perfect setting for an exciting adventure that includes authentic Portuguese culture, fascinating architecture, and astonishing UNESCO World Heritage Sites.(对于学生来说，里斯本是一个令人兴奋的冒险的完美场所，其中包括正宗的葡萄牙文化、迷人的建筑和令人惊叹的联合国教科文组织世界遗产)”和Get sustainability inspiration in Copenhagen部分中的“This fascinating school trip destination is filled with the newest technologies, sustainable solutions, and symbolic architecture.(这个迷人的学校旅行目的地充满了最新技术、可持续解决方案和象征性建筑)”可知，这四个旅行都可以让学生接近不同的建筑。故选D。
67．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Through exposure to different cultures, students will gain a more comprehensive understanding of the world and an appreciation for other peoples’ ways of life, not to mention that traveling with your students can be one of the most rewarding and memorable experiences you can have.(通过接触不同的文化，学生将更加全面地了解世界，欣赏他人的生活方式，更不用说，与学生一起旅行可能是你所能拥有的最有价值和难忘的体验之一)”可推知，这篇文章是写给教育工作者的。故选A。
68．C 69．D 70．D 71．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因对矿工的生活感兴趣，去参观矿工博物馆来感受和体验矿工的生活，通过作者亲身体验，揭露了矿井里的工作环境是极其恶劣和危险的这样一个事实。
68．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I became fascinated by the mines, the miners and the life they led. One weekend, I visited the Miner’s Museum, which was built over a disused mine. (我被矿井、矿工和他们的生活迷住了。一个周末，我参观了矿工博物馆，它建在一个废弃的矿井上)”可知，作者参观矿工博物馆是因为他对矿工的生活感兴趣。故选C项。
69．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“It sat and waited to give up its life as a warning of the deadly methane gas (沼气) the coal produced. With no color or smell, a buildup of methane would kill the miners and destroy the tunnels they worked in. The bird’s death, like a smoke detector, warned the men of danger. (它坐在那里，等待着放弃生命，作为煤炭产生的致命沼气的警告。由于没有颜色和气味，沼气的堆积会杀死矿工并摧毁他们工作的隧道。这只鸟的死亡，就像一个烟雾探测器，向人们发出了危险的警告)”可知，沼气没有颜色和气味，即不容易被发现，而这只鸟放在这里像是一个探测器，随时给人们发出警告。由此推知，如果没有这只鸟，矿工们很难知道沼气是否会被释放出来。故选D项。
70．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“One by one we turned off our lights. The darkness was total-so thick that you thought the very air itself had been sucked out of the mine. And the silence! The silence was complete except for the breaths of fear from my companions. (我们一个接一个地关灯。黑暗是如此之深，你会觉得矿井里仅有的空气都被吸走了。还有寂静！一片寂静，只有我的同伴们发出恐惧的呼吸)”可知，游客们在关掉头盔上的灯后感到窒息和害怕。故选D项。
71．推理判断题。根据文章最后两段““Turn off your helmet lights!” the guide then ordered in the tunnel. “I want you to experience the life of a miner.” One by one we turned off our lights. The darkness was total-so thick that you thought the very air itself had been sucked out of the mine. And the silence! The silence was complete except for the breaths of fear from my companions. In the end, when we were pulled back to the surface the warm sun had new meaning for us.(“把头盔灯关掉!”向导随后在隧道里命令道。“我想让你体验一下矿工的生活。”我们一个接一个地关灯。黑暗是如此之深，你会觉得矿井里的空气都被吸走了。还有寂静！一片寂静，只有我的同伴们发出恐惧的呼吸。最后，当我们被拉回到地面上时，温暖的太阳对我们有了新的意义)”和“Back in my small, rented room in a basement, I closed the curtains and turned off the lights. I thought deeply about a miner’s life under the ground, black dust, no sunshine and much danger. It’s not a life I would wish on anyone. Many people may hate their jobs. There have been a few I didn’t like and complained about. Then I thought about the coal miners and realized how blessed I am. (回到我在地下室租来的小房间里，我拉上窗帘，关上灯。我深深地思考着一个矿工在地下的生活，黑色的尘土，没有阳光，非常危险。我不希望任何人过这种生活。许多人可能讨厌他们的工作。有一些是我不喜欢和抱怨的。然后我想到了煤矿工人，意识到我是多么幸运)”可知，文章最后两段描述了作者在矿井里的情形和回来之后内心的感受，作者觉得矿井里是非常危险的，环境极其恶劣，不希望任何人过这种生活。由此推知，作者在最后两段想表达的意思是：矿工不可能过上幸福的生活。故选D项。
72．C 73．D 74．A 75．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Pumpstart的项目，旨在向普通公众教授徒手心肺复苏术，提高心脏病患者的存活率。
72．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Pumpstart, a program created by students at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) which is meant to teach hands-only CPR (心脏复苏术) to the general public, is effective in both teaching high school students a life-saving skill and providing medical students with a chance to take part in public health and medical education after several surveys.”（Pumpstart是波士顿大学医学院学生创建的一个项目，旨在向普通公众教授徒手心肺复苏术，该项目向高中学生传授挽救生命的技能，经过多次调查，该项目也为医学生提供参加公共卫生和医学教育的机会。）可知，Pumpstart旨在向普通公众教授徒手心肺复苏术，由此可知，Pumpstart的主要目的是提高公众的心肺复苏技能。故选C项。
73．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Using educational resources provided by the city medical center and offering training to inner-city high school students allow medical students to serve as both educators and experienced people in CPR within the community, while making high school students interested in the healthcare field (医疗领域). That’s what Pumpstart does.”（利用城市医疗中心提供的教育资源，并为市中心的高中学生提供培训，使医学生既能成为社区内心脏复苏术的教育者，又能成为有经验的人，同时让高中学生对医疗领域感兴趣。这就是Pumpstart所做的。）可知，Pumpstart希望让高中学生对医疗领域感兴趣，由此可知，Pumpstart鼓励学生在医疗领域工作。故选D项。
74．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Knopov believes Pumpstart can serve as a model for other organizations and can have a long-term (长期的) public health influence as the bystander CPR continues to be one of the most useful factors in out-of-hospital (医院之外) heart attack survival.”（Knopov认为Pumpstart可以作为其他组织的榜样，并且可以对公众健康产生长期影响，因为旁观者的心脏复苏仍然是提高医院外心脏病发作存活率的最有用因素之一。）可知，Knopov认为Pumpstart可以对公众健康产生长期影响，有助于提高医院外心脏病发作患者的存活率，由此可知，Anita Knopov认为这个项目非常有用。故选A项。
75．词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“And in that case we can use lots of new ‘Pumpstarts’ in other regions.”（在这种情况下，我们可以在其他地区使用许多新的“Pumpstarts”。）可知，“我们”希望可以在其他地区使用许多新的“Pumpstarts”，由此可知，我们希望我们的工作能够激励其他领域类似项目的发展，这样就可以在其他地区使用许多新的“Pumpstarts”。由此可知划线词意为“激励”，与encourage同义。故选C项。