北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三下学期查缺补漏试题+英语+Word版含答案

这是一份北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三下学期查缺补漏试题+英语+Word版含答案，共11页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
老师们好！这是咱们的查漏补缺题，题目不是以套题的形式呈现，请大家根据各校的实际情况，有选择的进行查漏补缺。完形填空My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and    1    around us.Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of    2    at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who    3    care. Watering the plant    4    me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver. However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant    5    began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept    6    and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!”Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and    7   .It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own    8   —something over which I had no control.As my    9    lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again.Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can    10   . 1. A. alive    B. primitive   C. delicate   D. mature2. A. warmth    B. relief    C. achievement  D. security3. A. valued    B. needed    C. provided   D. lacked4. A. added    B. connected   C. adapted   D. compared5. A. casually    B. interestingly  C. genuinely   D. mysteriously6. A. spreading   B. browning   C. waving   D. dancing7. A. fearful    B. innocent   C. faithful   D. dishonest 8. A. dream    B. success   C. capability   D. survival9. A. discontent   B. anxiety   C. doubt    D. sympathy10. A. give    B. share     C. decide    D. preserve1. A  2. C  3. C 4. B  5. D 6. B  7. A 8. D  9. B 10. C 语法填空第一组AWhen Suki heard she was to be laid off, her first reaction was fear for what it could mean for her career. “I was initially scared because I    1    (see) layoffs happening all across the tech industry, so I worried I wouldn’t be able to find another job.”     A few days later, she put her video skills to use, sharing a video online that highlighted the new    2    (hobby) she’d found time to take up after being laid off. The video struck a chord,    3    (score) thousands of likes, and prompting a flood of recruiters to get in touch. 1. had seen(时态，过去完成时)  2.hobbies（名词，复数）  3.scoring（非谓语，现在分词作状语）BWhile engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also    4   (critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation    5    (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals and the process by which they are learning to achieve them? Does every student feel    6    (support) at school? Do students understand the value of    7    they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens.4. more critical (形容词比较级)   5. are driven （时态，被动）6. supported （非谓语）    7. what （宾语从句）CWhile China celebrates the year of the rabbit, many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed decorations. How the cat substituted for the rabbit    8    (remain) debatable. Some suppose the custom has to do with language. In old Chinese, the word tied to the rabbit year is pronounced “mao (卯)”   9    pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat. Some think it relates to landscape. Originally the Chinese preferred a lifestyle close to wilderness, choosing rabbit as an animal living in the wild fields. In contrast, the Vietnamese chose the cat because they treated cats    10    friends living in their houses. 8. remains （时态）  9. whose （定从whose）  10. as （介词） 第二组ASix young men all responded to the calls for help from inside a wrecked car one recent morning when they    1    (walk) to school. A woman,    2    (believe) to be in her 50s, collided with another vehicle. The impact jammed both her passenger and driver’s side doors shut. Together, the young men worked to open the passenger door in an effort    3    (save) the woman trapped in the car. The group of guys succeeded in freeing the woman trapped in her car. And they have received significant attention    4    their heroic act.  1. were walking (过去进行时)     2. believed  （过分）3. to save  （不定式）     4. for  （介词）BThe origin of volunteering can be traced back to the 12th century Britain,    5    there were more than 500 hospitals operated by volunteers. The word “volunteering”, taken from the French volontaire, started    6    (use) in the 18th century when people were willingly joining the military service. However, today, the word is more connected with community service.It may surprise some that the biggest revolution in volunteering    7    (bring) by the invention of the Internet. Helpful platforms were raised, and more volunteers became interested when they found out about various opportunities.  5. where  (定从)  6. being used/to be used  （非谓语）  7. was brought    （过去时，被动）CFaced with health or nutrition questions, it is    8    (increase) common for people to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to remove the wrong advice, some of    9    is extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth examining    10    the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Remember, only officially recognized practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical suggestions. 8. increasingly  （词性转换）  9. which  （定从）  10. whether （宾从） 阅读理解：AStudents applying to colleges that use the Common Application should hand in an essay of 650 words. That includes the essay title, notes, and any other text that you include in the essay.What Can You Accomplish in 650 Words?Even if you take advantage of the full length available to you, keep in mind that 650 words is not a long essay. It's roughly the equivalent of a two-page, double-spaced essay. Most essays tend to be between three and eight paragraphs depending on the applicant's writing style and essay strategy.As you plan your essay, you definitely want to keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt to do too much with their essays and then struggle to edit them down to 650 words. Realize the purpose of the personal statement is not to tell your life story or to give an exhaustive overview of all of your accomplishments. Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement.To write an engaging and effective 650 word or shorter essay, you need to have a sharp focus. Narrate a single event, or illuminate a single passion or talent. Allow enough space for self-reflection so that whatever your topic is you spend at least some time talking about its significance to you.Again, use the essay to narrate an engaging story. Make sure it highlights something you care about deeply, and be sure to provide a window into your interests or personality that isn't already obvious from the rest of your application.A Final Word About Essay LengthWith the primary Common Application essay, you will need to come in at 650 words or fewer. However, you will find that most supplemental essays on the Common Application have different length guidelines, and colleges that don't use the Common Application will have differing length requirements. No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, don't write 370. Finally, keep in mind that what you say and how you say it is far more important than whether you have 550 words or 650 words. If you've said all you have to say in 500 words, don't try to pad your essay to make it longer. Regardless of length, the best writing will tell a compelling story, provide insight to your character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prose. 1. According to the passage, what might be a right thing to do while writing an essay?A.  To tell some interesting life stories.B.  To list all the possible achievements.C.  To show the range of accomplishments.D.  To highlight the focus of one single event.2. As for the essay length, the applicant ________.A.  should follow the guidelines.B.  can set his or her own limit accordinglyC.  should make sure it no less than 650 wordsD.  can write more than 650 words when necessary3. What is the purpose of the passage?A.  To stress the importance of essay writing. B.  To introduce methods of writing a good essay. C.  To advertise a writing course for college students.D.  To remind the applicants of the length of their essay. CADBShe spent over two decades working her way up in the science industry, either as a chemist in a lab or in a management role. Now Berkeley Middle School teacher Mrs. Amy Adams is employing her science skills in a different environment. She decided to mix things up a bit and came up with a winning formula to help make a difference in the classroom. Mrs. Amy Adams is our Cool School teacher of the week.She took a couple of years off after having children. While volunteering at her kids’ school, she was fascinated by education. Adams says, “This is where I am supposed to be. I loved my job and the people I worked with, but I just kept feeling unsettled, so finally, I channeled my energy into something meaningful.”Adams says she stepped out on faith, and the rest is history, well actually it’s science. She’s now in year six of teaching seventh-grade science at BMS. “This is my alma mater. I walked the halls of Berkeley Middle. So it is with all four of my children. My youngest is walking the halls now. It just feels like home,” Adams said.Adams describes her teaching style as interactive. She says, “I want them to have a voice and learn critical thinking, so we feature colorful activities. Whether it’s note-taking, worksheets, doing DNA extractions on a strawberry or dissecting frogs, the process is always interactive. By doing so, I intend to cultivate a culture of learning and arouse their interest in science.”LaTanya Butler, principal at BMS says, “She was in the science industry, so she can relate the concepts she teaches to real life, which is one of the great attributes to have in a teacher.”Butler says Mrs. Adams also pushed to add an additional day to her work week. “I’ve had to open the building at her request so she can work on Saturdays. That’s just the attitude she adopts, to go over and beyond for our students here. I just appreciate Mrs. Adams for hearing the call to switch to education. If I could clone Mrs. Adams fifty more times, not only Berkeley Middle but schools in general would benefit from that spirit of dedication.”When asked if she misses working in the industry, Mrs. Adams says, “I’ll tell you I work harder now than I ever did, that I’m more tired now than I ever was, but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference. I can’t imagine not being here.” 1. What was the main cause for Adams’ changing her job?A．Her love of education.    B．Her lack of inspiration. C．Her spirit of volunteering.   D．Her desire of being perfect. 2. Adams used an interactive teaching style to ______.A. learn critical thinking    B. enjoy science classesC. have colorful activities    D. improve teaching effects3. What can we learn from LaTanya Butler’s words?A. Adams can associate theory with practice.B. Adams’ dedication will inspire more teachers.C. Adams works overtime to teach students more.D. Adams owes her success to her work experience.4. Which of the following can best describe Adams?A. Creative and competent.    B. Patient and imaginative.C. Devoted and passionate.    D. Warm-hearted and modest.5. What is the passage trying to tell us?A. Keep looking, don’t settle.   B. Action speaks louder than words．C. To know oneself is true progress.  D. Live your passion, follow your dreams.ADACDC-1Golf has a length problem. The farther players drive the ball, the longer holes need to be, so that skills like iron play and putting(打球入洞) remain important. But the longer courses are, the more they cost to maintain and the worse their environmental impact. They also become more daunting for recreational golfers, who keep them in business. In 2004, golf’s regulators introduced limits on the size of clubs(球杆), hoping to slow the trend of ever-longer drives. Nonetheless, the pin-flation has continued quickly. On November 15th a famous record tumbled(下跌): someone completed the Masters Tournament in fewer than 270 strokes, the mark Tiger Woods set when he won his first major title in 1997. The new low of 268 belongs to Dustin Johnson, who has averaged more than 300 yards a pop throughout his career. He achieved the feat even though the Augusta National course is 8% longer than in 1997. How have golfers continued to blast the ball farther than ever? The PGA Tour publishes ball-tracking statistics, which suggest that, although better equipment may have helped, players’ recent gains stem largely from their technique—and even bigger improvements now appear inevitable. The data come from ShotLink, a system that tracks how fast a golfer swings (“clubhead speed”), his ball’s trajectory(“launch angle”) and its rotation speed (“spin rate”). A statistical model using these metrics was built to predict driving distances. Together, the three factors explained 70% of the differences between players’ distances, and almost all of the increase in length over time. The model’s lessons are intuitive. To thump the ball as far as possible, one should maximise clubhead speed and launch angle while minimising spin. However, most players face a trade-off between these goals. Harder impacts usually mean flatter trajectories. One golfer, however, has escaped this constraint. Bryson DeChambeau, a physics graduate with oddly designed club, is nicknamed the “Mad Scientist”. He gained 18kg of weight while the PGA Tour was suspended. This has allowed him to swing faster than anyone else. But he has also managed to smash the ball with a high launch angle—an unprecedented combination that might owe something to his unusually stiff wrists and robotic technique. Using both his brains and his brawn, Mr DeChambeau is now hitting 15 yards farther than his closest competitors do. Mark Broadie, a golf statistician, reckons that other professionals will try to beef up. But golf history is full of players who lost their edge after making small changes to their swings. And time may yet show that the risks of Mr DeChambeau’s bombs-away approach offset some of the rewards. He strayed into the rough(球场长草区) often at the Masters. Nonetheless, the Mad Scientist’s breakthrough is bad news for course designers. They will probably have to keep fiddling with their fairways on the golf courses for years to come.  1. The author mentions Tiger Woods in Paragraph 2 to show ______.A. golf drives are increasingly farther   B. the number of records is falling C. game time is lengthening gradually  D. golf courses are growing longer2. Recent golfers’ improving performance is mainly the result of _______. A. finer equipment.    B. longer courses.    C. larger build.    D. better techniques.3. What can we know about Bryson DeChambeau?A. He has invented the never-failing bombs-away approach.B. He is a golf statistician who spends a lot of time in the gym.C. He actively urges course designers to update the golf courses.D. He has managed to swing the ball fast without flatter trajectories.4. Which would Mark Broadie most likely to agree with?A. Changes to the swing shall be made with great caution.B. Longer courses will cause more problems than benefits.C. Professionals should follow Mr DeChambeau’s lead.D. Other golfers should be brave enough to take risks.ADDAC-2Fungi Can Help Concrete Heal Its Own CracksCracks are very common in concrete structures due to various chemical and physical phenomena that occur during everyday use. And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses—and the harmful substances they might contain. For instance, micro-cracks can allow water and oxygen to infiltrate and then corrode the steel, leading to structural failure. But continuous maintenance and repair work is difficult because it usually requires an enormous amount of labor and investment.Scientists have been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human intervention. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruises and broken bones. A person takes in nutrients which the body uses to produce new substitutes to heal damaged tissues. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when damage happens?Through long time research, scientists have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei. It is found that as calcium hydroxide from concrete dissolved in water, the pH of the fungal growth medium increased from a close-to-neutral original value of 6.5 all the way to a very alkaline 13.0. Of all the fungi tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the drastic pH increase, its spores germinated into threadlike hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with or without concrete.Scientists propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when building a new concrete structure. When the inevitable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the dormant fungal spores will germinate. As they grow, they’ll work as a catalyst within the calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals. These mineral deposits can fill in the cracks. When the cracks are completely caulked and no more water can enter, the fungi will again form spores. If cracks form again and environmental conditions become favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process.T. reesei is eco-friendly, posing no known risk to human health. In fact, T. reesei has a long history of safe use in industrial-scale production of carbohydrase enzymes, such as cellulase, which plays an important role in fermentation processes during winemaking. Of course, researchers will need to conduct a thorough assessment to investigate any possible immediate and long-term effects on the environment and human health prior to its use as a healing agent in concrete infrastructure. 1. According to the passage, tiny cracks in concrete structures may lead to ________.A. Disfunction even collapse of the entire structure B. Continuous maintenance and rebuildingC. Leakage of liquids and gassesD. Waste of water and oxygen2. What can we know about T. reesei?A. It is widely used in building concrete structures.B. It can survive in extreme environment.C. It can help the concrete cracks heal.D. It is a newly discovered fungi.3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. T. reesei might be used on human.B. The research is still at its initially stage.C. T. reesei is unreplaceable in winemaking.D. T. reesei has long-term effects on human healthACBDThe question of how trucking capacity is growing or declining is common in industry, but the reality is that demand fluctuations are far more important to monitor as they swing much more violently. Since December of 2018, the total tractor count from for-hire fleets (non-private) has grown 18%, according to the FMCSA, but has never shown a monthly change of over 2%. By contrast, the Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI), a measure of total truckload demand, has grown 12% over the same period, but monthly fluctuations topped 20% at times. Even before the pandemic, the OTVI had 5-7% monthly swings in demand. Given the OTVI measures total tenders and is not a pure proxy(指标) for shipments, it is reflective of how fast demand-side conditions change in trucking. The point is that capacity shifts are slow and stable, while demand changes much more rapidly and is very unpredictable over time. This is the consummate struggle of supply chains and transportation companies across the globe — how much infrastructure (capacity) is needed to be able to flex up but not have too much overhead when demand softens?The process of ordering and seating a truck takes close to a year. That truck can haul roughly seven 500-mile loads per week, or 360 loads per year. This only occurs if shipping patterns are consistent and drivers are readily available, and neither are true. So it isn’t a pure question of how much capacity is available in aggregate, but are those trucks available in the right places at the right times in general? This metric is extremely difficult to attain.Since demand is uneven and spread unevenly throughout the country, trucks and drivers need to exceed the number of shipments available. So even if capacity grows by 1%, it just increases the chances that loads will be covered marginally.Probably more important than any of the previous points is that there are already measures of the relationship between supply and demand in trucking. Tender rejection rates (OTRI) and spot rates (NTI) measure when capacity is meeting demand in the contract and spot markets, respectively.  There is little use for knowing how much capacity is available in the for-hire freight market other than being interesting. But there is exceptional value in knowing how well capacity and demand are lining up and in what direction they are trending. Since December 2021 tender rejection rates have fallen from over 20% to under 4%, while spot rates are down 27%. Demand-side indicators are probably the most crucial to getting the earliest signs of market shifts, while rejection rates and spot rates answer the two most important questions that companies want answered: Can I get a truck and how much will it cost me?   1. The Outbound Tender Volume Index ________.A. is a proxy for shipments onlyB. is a measure to track truckload demandC. can tell the current trucking capacity in the USD. can tell the relationship between supply and demand in trucking2. What problem do supply chains and transportation companies face commonly?A. How capacity can meet the changing demand.B. How capacity and demand can be predicted.C. What facilities are needed to ship the goods.D. What trucks can function the best.3. What can we tell about OTRI and NTI? A. They are both measures in the contract and spot markets.B. They are of little use to know the capacity and demand. C. They can change the uneven demand situation in the US.D. They can help to tell the companies how market might change.4. Where can we probably find this passage?A. In a school newspaper  B. In a book  C. In a biography    D. In a magazine BADD 信息还原Every day, thousands of rangers patrol national parks and other protected areas in Africa. Their job is fraught with danger, both from hostile humans armed with automatic weapons and from the unappreciative and potentially aggressive wildlife, armed with tusks, teeth and claws, which they are helping to preserve._____1______ That is particularly true of data on poaching (偷猎), which remains, in both senses of the word, an elephantine problem. Since 2006 African elephant populations have declined by around 30%. In 2021, according to Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE), a conservation programme, around 40% of elephant deaths were a result of poaching.______2_____. The MIKE data show a welcome fall in rates throughout the 2010s, but according to research published in 2020 by Scott Schlossberg of Elephants Without Borders, a charity, this can be attributed entirely to a decline in eastern Africa.Elsewhere, there is great variation in the pressure on animals like elephants. Some parks, like Garamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are badly hit—with more than 90% of the bodies found by rangers being victims of poachers. ___3___To untangle the factors influencing poaching, Timothy Kuiper of the University of Cape Town, Eleanor Milner-Gulland at Oxford, and a team of collaborators have analysed data collected for MIKE by rangers from 64 sites in 30 African countries over the course of 19 years. They correlated these with potentially relevant factors, both natural and human, and have published their findings in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.Natural variables such as habitat type, they discovered, make little difference. _____4_______. Unsurprisingly, low household wealth, poor health, poor law enforcement and poor national governance all contributed to higher rates of poaching. So did the price of ivory._____5______. For there did not seem to be much. The impact was a consequence of a few special cases in DRC, the Central African Republic and Ethiopia, rather than a general rule about young men with guns behaving badly.One factor that was unquantifiable, and therefore untestable, according to Dr Kuiper, was local political will to preserve wildlife. But this study does nevertheless confirm observations made elsewhere, that the best form of conservation is a prosperous population.                                       A. D. Human ones predominate.B. The severity of elephant poaching varies from place to place.C. Humans are the biggest factor defining elephant ranges across Africa.D. There was one unexpected result, though—the impact of armed conflict.E. But their work is important, not least because the data they collect are crucial to conservation planning.F. In others, like Chobe, in Botswana, less than 10% of dead elephants discovered have been killed illegally.G. Current discussion of how to reduce poaching focuses on two areas: reducing demand and reducing supply.EBFAD阅读表达The Weight of White LiesA man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine.Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate  someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego.Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts.People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.”In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second.40. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)?  ①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 41. What are the ways to kindly deceive others?Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts.   42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. （The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.）43. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words)I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 应用文写作假设你是红星中学学生会“环保部”部长李华。你的英国好友Jim的学校正在征集主题为“Beat Plastic Pollution”的环境保护活动方案，他一时没有想法，写信请你给提供建议。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 简要介绍你的设计方案及理由；2. 询问意见并表达祝愿。 注意：1．词数 100 左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua