2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题二阅读七选五先定性再定位第二讲补全“首中尾”准解七选五

第二讲　补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五

清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力

句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法， 游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。

技法1　段首主题句/段落小标题

●【典例1】　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷节选]Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.

__36__ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay，put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 37.Let__your__pen__follow__the__waves__of__thought. Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone，it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.

A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.

B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.

C．The second draft of the essay should be better.

D．First of all，learn the technique of nonstop writing.

E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.

F．Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.

G.Then you can print out a fresh draft，again setting your text on triple­space.

解析：本题考查段落主题句。分析文章结构可知，空格处是本段的主题句。由空后的“When you are first...leave the paper.”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写。

自主解答：________

【典例2】　[2020·新高考Ⅱ卷]

·__39__

Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic (过敏) to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.

A．This will make getting answers easier.

B．Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.

C．You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.

D．Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.

E．Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.

F．Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.

G．Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.

解析：该段主要涉及对病历的介绍，故F项“Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.(带上你的病历，包括你目前的药物清单)”适合作本段的小标题。

自主解答：________

●

设空特点

1．若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，因此， 考生做题时， 观察其他段落标题的句式结构， 根据结构相同的原则， 缩小范围，选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词­ing形式短语或祈使句作为小标题。

2．设空在段首，如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。

图解技巧　段首设空题

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技法2　段中设空题

●【典例3】　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. __38__ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.

A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.

B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.

C．The second draft of the essay should be better.

D．First of all，learn the technique of nonstop writing.

E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.

F．Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.

G.Then you can print out a fresh draft，again setting your text on triple­space.

解析：此处考查过渡句。由空格后转折词Yet可知，空格处应该表示转折关系， E选项中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想第一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境。

自主解答：________

●

设空特点

段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。

解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。

图解技巧　段中设空题

技法3　段尾设空题

●　[2022·浙江卷1月]I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. __31__

•Pick the most important.

32．Make__choices__about__what__is__meaningful__in__your__life. Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.

A.Speed up.

B．Be an active learner.

C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.

D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.

E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.

F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.

G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.

解析：此处考查段尾总结句。空前提到作者能够充分利用时间，并且依然会感到开心和放松；下文各段是作者就如何高效利用时间给出的几点建议。由此可知，F项“也许这些建议将帮助你充分利用时间”承上启下，符合语境。

自主解答：________

●

设空特点

1．首段末尾处

2．过渡句：在段尾的句子，有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段的内容。

3．细节句：段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。

图解技巧　段尾设空题

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练重点练难点·创新应用体验

Test 1

[2022·广西高三第一次适应性测试]    Some people love the tradition of setting a goal on each Jan.  1st. __1__  But there is actually a logic to joining the New Year's resolution trend.  If you want to increase your chances of sticking to your 2022 New Year's resolution, behavioral scientists have discovered a few techniques that can help.

        ·Make it measurable.

  An unclear, ill­defined target, such as “get fitter”， is a reason for a failed resolution. To increase your chances of success, ask yourself what you consider “fitter”  and how you can achieve this.  A better solution might be “run 5 km in X minutes”. __2__ Specific goals allow you to track progress, which in turn can motivate you.

·Make it fun.

    If you get pleasure from your workouts or study sessions, research has found you'll carry on longer. __3__  For example, only letting yourself drink a mocha latte during study sessions so there is an attraction to get you to the library.

·__4__

    Ensuring you'll face some punishment if you don't achieve your New Year's resolution can work wonders. One easy way to do this is by telling a few people about your goal so you'll feel ashamed if they check back later and find you haven't followed through.

   ·Get a little help from your friends.

Spending time around high achievers can promote your own performance. If your resolution is to run a marathon, you'd be wise to start hanging around with friends who've made it to the finishing line and can show you how it's done. __5__ Because you'll tend to learn their patterns of behavior.

A．Consider a punishment.

B．Figure out your resolution list.

C．You're extra motivated to set your goals.

D．You'll pick up a bit just by spending time together.

E．You could even add deadlines for reaching     certain important stages.

F．Others argue it's a waste of time since most     resolutions fail by mid­March.

G．One way to make going for a goal more fun is to combine it with a pleasure.

Test 2

[2022·福州高三毕业班诊断性联考]No matter what your goals are in life, there is one great law that you need to obey in order to be successful: No one else is going to provide the ladder (梯子) of  success for you. __1__   From the day you leave your parents' house, you are responsible for your life and the choices you make.

 If you want a better life, you need to make better decisions. __2__ However, it doesn't change anything.  Only you can change your life by changing the  choices you make. Take responsibility for everything in  your life.  Even if it's not in your direct control, you can always choose how you respond.

 __3__  If you choose what is fun and easy over what is necessary, you will never reach the levels of  success and happiness you are capable of achieving in your life. That's because every great victory requires great sacrifice. If success were easy, everybody would be successful.

  There is nothing that you can't achieve with hard  work. People often think that their lives will suddenly change through some magical event in the future. __4__   Your life changes only to the extent that  you change.  Nothing will ever change if you don't change what you do daily. A great way to actively create your  future is to ask yourself:  If I already achieved my goals, how would I act on a daily basis? What books would I read, how often would I work out, and how would I spend my time at the office? __5__

A．But that is not the case.

B．No one else is responsible for your life.

C．Now these questions seem like magic to you.

D．Nothing else can be the drive for your success.

E.Once you answer these questions, you know what    to do.

F．The biggest enemy to success is taking the path of    least resistance.

G．You can blame other people for your lack of   happiness all life long.

[答题区]

Test 1.1～5 ________________

Test 2.1～5 ________________

第二讲　补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五

清迷点扫盲点　提升审题能力

技法1　答案：1.D　2.F

技法2　答案：E

技法3　答案：F

练重点练难点　创新应用体验

Test 1

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——工作与学习——新年计划

【语篇解读】　本文介绍了关于制订新年计划的几条建议，包括制订明确的目标、制订有趣的目标、仔细考虑无法实现目标的惩戒措施等。

1．答案与解析：F　根据下句“But there is actually...resolution trend”可知，制订新年计划是有理可循的。由But可知，空处与此相反，一些人会认为制订新年计划是浪费时间。“...a reason for a failed resolution”也是提示。故选F项。

2．答案与解析：E　根据上句“A better solution might be ‘run 5 km in X minutes’”可知，更好的解决方案可能是“X分钟内跑5公里”。该段倡导制订明确的目标，空处与此对应，说明制订明确目标的具体措施。E项意为“你甚至可以为到达某些重要的阶段增加最后期限”，符合语境。

3．答案与解析：G　根据小标题“Make it fun”可知，该段主要建议让目标“有趣”；G项中的“fun”与此对应，说明让目标有趣的一种方式：将目标与乐趣结合起来。故选G项。

4．答案与解析：A　根据空处位置可知，空处为段落小标题。结合该段内容，尤其是首句“Ensuring you'll...can work wonders”可知，该段主要建议实现不了目标时给自己一些惩罚，A项中的“punishment”与此对应。

5．答案与解析：D　根据上句可知，如果你的计划是跑一场马拉松，你和跑到过终点线可以告诉你怎么做的朋友们在一起很明智。根据下文可知，因为你会学到他们的行为模式。据此可知，空处建议花时间和朋友们在一起。

Test 2

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——成功法则

【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了成功需要遵守的法则和过上更好生活的一些注意事项。

1．答案与解析：B　根据本段第一句可知，本段讲到了成功需要遵守的法则，再结合空前的“No one else...”可知，B项与前一句句式结构一致，意义连贯，符合语境，且B项中的responsible也与下句中的responsible呼应。

2．答案与解析：G　根据空后的“However，it doesn't change anything”可以推断，此处讲到的内容应该是对改变不会产生影响的事情，故G项“你可以一生都将你的不快乐归咎于他人”符合语境。

3．答案与解析：F　此处是本段的主旨句，根据空后内容可知，成功的道路从不简单，选择有趣和简单的道路而不是必需的道路不会通向你原可以获得的成功和幸福，故F项“成功的最大敌人是选择阻力最小的道路”能够概括本段。

4．答案与解析：A　空前一句讲到了“人们常常认为他们的生活会因为未来的某个神奇事件而突然改变”，而空后一句讲到了“你的生活只会随着你的改变而改变”，前后句意相反，因此，空处应表示转折，故A项符合语境。

5．答案与解析：E　空前是两个问句，因此，空处应该会总结以上问题，E项中的“these questions”指代前面的两个问题，且句意与上文连贯，故选E项。