北京高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份北京高考英语完形填空专项训练，共29页。

完形填空
Chinese opera
Chinese opera is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the T ang Dynasty, an emperor established a(n)____1____school named Pear Garden. From that time on,____2____of Chinese opera were referred to as “disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”. Since the Yuan Dynasty it has been____3____by court officials and emperors and has become a traditional art form. During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable among____4____people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.
Many of the features that characterize modern Chinese opera developed in Northern China, including the use of certain set____5____like Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Jing (the painted face) and Chou (the clown).
It developed from folk songs, dances, talking and especially distinctive (独特的) dialectal music. Gradually it combined music, art and literature into one performance on the stage. Accompanied by____6____musical instruments like erhu, gong (锣), and lute (琵琶), actors present unique melodies as well dialogues which are beautifully written and of high literary value. For Chinese especially senior people, to listen to this kind of opera is a real____7____.
Beijing Opera is considered to be the essence of Chinese opera, but actually, the language of Beijing Opera is not the dialect of Beijing. In 1790, four famous opera performing teams traveled to Beijing. They created the Beijing Opera by____8____their local opera with the operas in Hubei, Shanxi and Zhejiang. It was____9____to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China. At the beginning, the Beijing Opera was only popular in royal families and before too long, it had_____10_____to every part of a China. Now, people from all walks of life like it.
1．A．art B．dance C．opera D．musical
2．A．listeners B．founders C．fans D．performers
3．A．programmed B．encouraged C．prepared D．designed
4．A．senior B．rich C．ordinary D．wise
5．A．characters B．dialogues C．actors D．actresses
6．A．modern B．traditional C．dramatic D．different
7．A．desire B．attitude C．pleasure D．expectation
8．A．combining B．comparing C．working D．providing
9．A．surprising B．interesting C．shocking D．amazing
10．A．sent B．spread C．brought D．belonged

Carter Evans, a 16-year-old boy, was camping in a tent with friends in a parking area near Pascagoula River in July when a car with three teenage girls inside fell off a boat ramp (匝道) and into the river, then sank. The driver had blindly ____11____ wrong directions from her GPS.
It was around 2:30 a.m. when Evans and his friends got to the river’s edge. In the darkness, they could ____12____ make out the girls clinging (抱紧) to the roof, the only part of the car still above water. But they could hear ____13____.
Evans took off his shirt and shoes, threw his phone down and dived into the water, a river he knew crocodiles called home. He helped the first girl he saw and, keeping her head above water, led her to the ____14____.
Just then, Garry Mercer, a police officer, arrived. He ____15____ into the river to help another of the girls. But halfway back to shore, she was too ____16____ and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her. Evans jumped back in the ____17____ and helped them until they could stand.
There was still one girl, Cora Watson, in the water. She was ____18____ to stay above water.
“I just knew my last ____19____ was coming,” Watson said. “I thought I was slowly losing myself.” She began to go under. Then, Evans grabbed her.
Evans was taken to the hospital. The three girls are alive because Evans risked his _____20_____ to save them.
11．A．followed B．studied C．seen D．kept
12．A．finally B．clearly C．certainly D．hardly
13．A．fighting B．shouting C．swimming D．quarrelling
14．A．riverbank B．car C．tent D．park
15．A．walked B．fell C．dived D．sank
16．A．excited B．surprised C．scared D．disappointed
17．A．sand B．crowd C．darkness D．water
18．A．waiting B．struggling C．considering D．lying
19．A．challenge B．choice C．breath D．dream
20．A．health B．life C．job D．fortune

At Lucky Candy, a small neighborhood store, customers are in for a lucky treat.
Ahmed Alwan, a cashier of the store, invented a game that’s since gone viral: if ___21___ correctly answer his math questions, they are able to grab as many items as possible in five seconds—all for ___22___. Alwan came up with the idea to primarily ___23___“low-income community members” and he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect.
For Alwan, 23, joy is essential as breakfast—but regulars at his family’s corner store sometimes ___24___ both. “This neighborhood has a lot of poor people,” he says. “They’ve known me since I was a little kid. I know most of them by name. I see people—some of whom are ___25___ customers—sleeping on the train. I used to give them buttered rolls, coffee and bananas in the morning to ___26___ their days.”
A fan of math throughout high school and college, Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertaining and altruism (利他主义) into the game to go on helping people and keep their ___27___ skills sharp too.
So how does all the gift ___28___ and problem solving affect the store’s profits?
Alwan said it hasn’t affected the family business negatively.
“It’s out of my own ___29___,” he said. He recently launched a GoFundMe page on the Internet to raise funds for the game as well.
If the equation (方程式) for happiness equals kindness plus ____30____, Alwan has already solved it.
21．A．shoppers B．cashiers C．owners D．witnesses
22．A．fun B．good C．free D．love
23．A．choose B．help C．educate D．gather
24．A．insist on B．live off C．adjust to D．struggle for
25．A．potential B．close C．extraordinary D．domestic
26．A．clarify B．guide C．evaluate D．brighten
27．A．trading B．verbal C．math D．reading
28．A．exchanging B．making C．designing D．giving
29．A．pocket B．need C．control D．head
30．A．modesty B．generosity C．honesty D．bravery

Nixon, 59 years old, was born and grew up in St. Petersburg. Each morning, he sits on a bench, watches the sunrise, and connects with___31___from all walks of life.
Eight years ago, he decided to begin each day from a bench with an impressive view of the St. Petersburg waterfront (圣彼得堡海滨), because it made him feel calm and___32___before starting his day.
About a year later, a woman stopped to say hello, and she said something that___33___Nixon’s view on his daily visit. She said, “Every morning when I see you sitting here, I know everything is going to be OK.” That’s when Nixon___34___he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.
Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started___35___at people and talking to them. And pretty soon, some early risers began___36___him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.
No matter what problem a person wants to___37___, Nixon lends an ear. One day, a couple came by to talk about their problems. The husband was always working. It was ruining their___38___. Nixon told him, “You have to know what’s really important.” The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his___39___for many years instead of focusing on his family. “He started to cry and agreed that he needed to____40____,” Nixon says, “We hugged each other and became friends after that.”
Nixon was always happy to listen, and he listens without____41____and without any kind of return expected. “You have to listen with an open heart, because you never know who’s going to walk up,” Nixon says. He is a loving and loyal____42____to many. For those who walked past the bench, they were always____43____with a smile and asked how they were doing.
No topic is off limits, but some people don’t want to talk. They simply want to sit next to someone and share the ____44____. Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. She just wanted a moment of peace and to know she wasn’t____45____. And at that moment, she truly wasn’t.
31．A．teenagers B．relatives C．strangers D．neighbors
32．A．peaceful B．excited C．proud D．surprised
33．A．formed B．changed C．developed D．supported
34．A．agreed B．realized C．imagined D．remembered
35．A．pointing B．laughing C．shouting D．smiling
36．A．joining B．noticing C．leaving D．praising
37．A．air B．face C．hear D．create
38．A．fame B．success C．marriage D．privacy
39．A．health B．hobbies C．kids D．job
40．A．give up B．calm down C．speak up D．slow down
41．A．emotion B．consideration C．judgment D．interest
42．A．guide B．teacher C．friend D．workmate
43．A．hugged B．greeted C．competed D．satisfied
44．A．secrets B．worries C．happiness D．silence
45．A．sad B．alone C．stressed D．hopeless

As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal(海豹) swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my ____46____. I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even ____47____. But I knew it was time to ____48____ this mysterious creature.
I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. Thinking this must be a sign of ____49____, I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to ____50____ any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my ____51____, she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!
Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to ____52____ me. But I thought that she was really trying to communicate with me. At this point, she didn’t seem very ____53____. She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.
I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not always behave the way we ____54____. I believe the _____55_____ experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever.
46．A．knife B．bag C．camera D．gun
47．A．escape B．make C．move D．fight
48．A．approach B．adopt C．imagine D．rescue
49．A．respect B．sympathy C．reward D．threat
50．A．confirm B．expose C．overcome D．reduce
51．A．satisfaction B．regret C．surprise D．sorrow
52．A．feed B．comfort C．attack D．assess
53．A．reliable B．dangerous C．sensitive D．ambitious
54．A．admire B．promise C．demand D．expect
55．A．confusing B．similar C．incredible D．bitter

Brothers Cole and Blake Meyer, aged 10 and 8, were on their bikes to go fishing in June when they saw something___56___down the road from their northern Iowa home.
There were a lot of dead baby turtles,___57___by cars on the main road between two wetlands, Ventura Marsh (沼泽) and Clear Lake. The two boys felt___58___for them, so they climbed off their bikes and began___59___other small turtles that were slowly crossing to the other side of the road. They___60___one in each hand and took them across, then went back for some more.
The boys kept up their task of___61___turtles for the rest of the summer. They___62___watched for turtles from a nearby bike path and crossed the road themselves only when there was no___63___. But sometimes they would hold up their arms to stop a car if there were turtles on the___64___.
In some days they could see as many as 40 or 50 turtles____65____themselves in the middle of the road. There were times they went out at 8:30 in the morning and came back at 6. To reduce turtle deaths, they even put up several____66____saying “Careful! Turtle Crossing!” to warn the passing cars along the road.
“We do it because they’re____67____things—we don’t want to see them run over and killed,” the boys said.
Their mother was proud of what they were doing and was out there several times with water and snacks to show her___68___. Biologist Grummer said, “It’s heartwarming that they were using their summer break to help____69____and protect turtles. These boys give me____70____for the next generation.”
56．A．common B．shocking C．funny D．simple
57．A．killed B．delivered C．guided D．pushed
58．A．lonely B．hopeful C．excited D．sad
59．A．studying B．watching C．helping D．touching
60．A．looked for B．picked up C．put aside D．threw away
61．A．training B．walking C．saving D．feeding
62．A．lazily B．jokingly C．secretly D．safely
63．A．change B．traffic C．food D．plan
64．A．move B．visit C．fly D．rise
65．A．dusting B．watering C．sunning D．airing
66．A．tents B．signs C．maps D．buildings
67．A．ordinary B．strange C．living D．noisy
68．A．support B．honesty C．courage D．patience
69．A．community B．society C．human D．nature
70．A．hope B．luck C．effort D．decision

We’ve all heard the saying “Laughter is the best medicine”. And there might be something in this idiom. Numerous studies have shown that people who report greater ___71___ tend to have better medical outcomes.
For instance, a 2017 study at the University of Nottingham tested the effect of mood on 138 retirees ___72___ the normal flu injection. Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on to ___73___ more flu-fighting antibodies. Earlier work at Yale University and the University of Florida has also shown that people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.
But does happiness lead to good ___74___, or is it the other way around? After all, it could be that people who have strong immune systems ___75___ have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well.
Here is a possible evolutionary ___76___. Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups to ___77___ food and protect themselves from wild animals. We were happier with a(n) ___78___ network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) ___79___ such as flu and colds, so we would have needed to increase the activity of the genes that fight these diseases.
For those who were ___80___ from society, however, infectious disease was less of a problem, and genes that help recover from physical injury may have been prioritized instead of the ones that fight disease.
71．A．success B．confidence C．happiness D．determination
72．A．avoiding B．receiving C．missing D．organizing
73．A．produce B．repair C．detect D．absorb
74．A．health B．mood C．relationship D．performance
75．A．gradually B．naturally C．randomly D．rarely
76．A．solution B．prediction C．application D．explanation
77．A．consume B．serve C．secure D．purchase
78．A．fixed B．enormous C．complicated D．close
79．A．functions B．infections C．activities D．systems
80．A．cut off B．taken over C．picked out D．made up

Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday, she approached ____81____ , unsure of herself at times, turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him.
Olivia eventually made it to the horse’s mouth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she____82____ him his favorite treat. Olivia was amused.
“That’s what I call a(an) ____83____,” said Sabrina, a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to____84____.
“I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I love petting him.”
The program “Stop Horsing Around” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up. They were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses____85____ eventually they got a chance to ride them.
By____86____ the program’s horses with Sabrina’s help and forming____87____ with them, children become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors, which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their____88____ skills, self-worth and behavior issues.
Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become____89____ with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.
Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. Their____90____ consistently turned into smiles, laughter and excitement.
81．A．happily B．calmly C．slowly D．directly
82．A．fed B．left C．made D．threw
83．A．award B．exchange C．negotiation D．breakthrough
84．A．fame B．success C．responsibility D．freedom
85．A．before B．after C．as D．though
86．A．taking over B．walking with C．caring for D．responding to
87．A．routines B．bonds C．judgements D．ideas
88．A．technical B．survival C．organizational D．social
89．A．popular B．familiar C．satisfied D．patient
90．A．resistance B．disappointment C．misunderstanding D．hesitation

Sam was a motherless boy who lived with his father Curtis. To Sam, his father was his hero and the only soul with whom he felt ____91____and connected in the world. Though uneducated and poor, Curtis recognized and cultivated his son’s ____92____in words like it was the most important thing in the world. He would take Sam to the public library every day.
When fate suddenly took Curtis away from Sam, the kid became homeless and withdrawn from everyone and everything. He even couldn’t read a single page without ____93____ at every sentence. So he turned to writing instead. And within two months, the boy used up six notebooks to write his thoughts in notes and poetry.
One day, Mr. Murray, a father of two boys, ____94____ Sam sitting outside a cafe, gripping his stomach in hunger, tears streaming down his face. He took Sam home, ____95____ him, and tucked him up in bed. Then he looked through Sam’s bag, hoping to find some number he could call. Instead, he found Sam’s diary. He read through page after page of what the l1-year- old had been going through, trying to cry in ____96____.
When Sam woke up, he found his books ____97____arranged on a shelf, his clothes put away in a laundry bag, and the picture of his father put in a beautiful frame and placed on the study table.
“This is your home. You can have all the books you want. I will drive you to and from school every day with my boys. Nothing will stop you from pursuing your dreams,” Mr. Murray said, accepting Sam’s ____98____ hug.
From that day on, Sam’s life was never the same. Reading and writing never got apart from him. He became outgoing and ____99____ a confident personality. With the love and support of Mr. Murray, he followed his heart and studied _____100_____ in university. By the time Sam was 30, he was the owner of a successful publishing house.
91．A．safe B．stressed C．excited D．anxious
92．A．inspiration B．interest C．habit D．imagination
93．A．showing off B．giving up C．calming down D．breaking down
94．A．kept B．felt C．spotted D．prevented
95．A．fed B．taught C．dragged D．pleased
96．A．horror B．silence C．relief D．desperation
97．A．neatly B．hurriedly C．wisely D．naturally
98．A．polite B．tearful C．welcoming D．comforting
99．A．replaced B．described C．developed D．strengthened
100．A．science B．gymnastics C．education D．literature

I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ___101___: Am I good enough? It was a question that ___102___ me through my first month, even as began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ___103___ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ___104___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ___105___ was like a deadly cell that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___106___, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ___107___ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt ___108___ took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ___109___ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always _____110_____ and I made progress.
101．A．excitement B．satisfaction C．anger D．worry
102．A．freed B．dogged C．warmed D．guided
103．A．observe B．admire C．support D．calm
104．A．Or B．So C．But D．For
105．A．guess B．doubt C．interest D．risk
106．A．excellent B．average C．different D．unique
107．A．responsibility B．friendship C．confidence D．teamwork
108．A．suddenly B．frequently C．accidentally D．slowly
109．A．close B．notice C．locate D．create
110．A．expecting B．trying C．wondering D．suffering





参考答案：

1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国戏曲艺术的发展历史。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐朝时，一位皇帝建了一所戏剧学校，名叫梨园。A. art艺术；B. dance舞蹈；C. opera戏剧；D. musical音乐片。根据“Chinese opera were referred to as “disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”.”可知，梨园是中国唐代培养戏曲人才的机构。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，中国戏曲演员被称为“梨园弟子”。A. listeners听众；B. founders创立者；C. fans爱好者；D. performers表演者；演员。根据“disciples (弟子) of the Pear Garden”可知，梨园培养戏曲演员，所以过去称戏曲演员为“梨园子弟”。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自元朝以来，它一直受到朝廷官员和皇帝的鼓励，并已成为一种传统的艺术形式。A. programmed编制程序；安排；B. encouraged鼓励；C. prepared准备；D. designed设计。根据“and has become a traditional art form.”可知，戏曲已成为一种传统艺术形式，这与它一直受到朝廷官员和皇帝的“支持”分不开。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在清朝，它在普通百姓中成为一种时尚。A. senior高级的；B. rich富有的；C. ordinary普通的；D. wise明智的。根据“Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and stages.”可知，人们可以在茶室、餐厅和舞台上观看表演。这些场所并非大雅之堂，由此推断观看者是“普通”百姓。故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代中国戏曲的许多特征都是在中国北方发展起来的，包括对某些特定角色的使用，如生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（花脸）和丑（小丑）。A. characters角色；B. dialogues对话；C. actors男演员；D. actresses女演员。根据“like Sheng (the man), Dan (the woman), Jing (the painted face) and Chou (the clown).”可知，文中的生（男人）、旦（女人）、净（花脸）和丑（小丑）是中国戏曲中人物角色的行当分类。故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在二胡、锣、琵琶等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白，具有很高的文学价值。A. modern现代的；B. traditional传统的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. different不同的。根据“like erhu, gong (锣), and lute (琵琶),”可知二胡、锣、琵琶等乐器是中国传统乐器。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于中国人，尤其是老年人来说，听这种歌剧是一种真正的乐趣。A. desire欲望；B. attitude态度；C. pleasure快乐；D. expectation期待。根据“For Chinese especially senior people,”可知，喜欢戏曲的大多为老年人，对他们而言听戏真是一种乐趣。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们把当地的戏曲与湖北、山西和浙江的戏曲结合起来，创造了京剧。A. combining结合；B. comparing比较；C. working工作；D. providing提供。根据“It was____9____to create a new opera based on the operas from these parts of China.”可知，京剧是以中国这些地方戏曲为基础的一种新剧种。也就是说它把地方戏和湖北、山西、浙江的戏曲结合起来。故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：以中国这些地区的戏曲为基础创作一部新戏曲，真是太棒了。A. surprising令人惊讶的（侧重“出人意料”）； B. interesting有趣的；C. shocking使人震惊的；D. amazing令人惊异的（侧重“令人惊叹的，很了不起”）。根据“”可知，根据上下文逻辑可知，要在中国这些地方戏的基础上创作出一种新剧并非易事，但京剧就这样诞生了，令人惊叹。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，京剧只在皇室中流行，不久，它就传播到了中国的每一个地方。A. sent发送；B. spread传播；C. brought带来；D. belonged属于。根据“During the Qing Dynasty, it became fashionable among____4____people.”可知，在清朝，戏曲成为时尚。由此推断出，当时它已经传播到中国的每一个地方。故选B。

11．A 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．C 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Carter Evans和警察Garry Mercer勇救溺水三少女的好人好事。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位司机盲目地按她的GPS导航沿着错误的方向行驶。A. followed沿着（道路、小径等）；B. studied学习；C. seen看见；D. kept保持。由上文的“a car with three teenage girls inside fell off a boat ramp (匝道) and into the river, then sank(一辆载有三名十几岁女孩的汽车从匝道上跌落到河里，随后沉没)”和下文的“wrong directions from her GPS”可知，应该是盲目地相信GPS导航，沿着错误的方向行驶才导致了这次溺水事故。故选A项。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在黑暗中，他们几乎看不出女孩们紧紧抓住车顶，这是车上唯一仍在水上的部分。A. finally最终；B. clearly清楚地；C. certainly当然；D. hardly几乎不。由上文的“It was around 2:30 a.m.(大约是凌晨两点半)”和“In the darkness”可知，天太黑了，Carter Evans几乎看不见水中的女孩们。故选D项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们能听到呼喊声。A. fighting战斗；B. shouting呼喊；C. swimming游泳；D. quarrelling吵架。由上文语境和常识可知，溺水的人会呼喊救命，所以Carter Evans即使看不到人，也能听到呼喊声。故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他帮助了第一个看到的女孩，并将她的头举过水面，将她带到河岸。A. riverbank河岸；B. car汽车；C. tent帐篷；D. park公园。由上文的“He helped the first girl he saw”可知，此处指Carter Evans救他看到的第一个溺水的女孩，自然是把溺水者从水里带向河岸，呼应下文的“back to shore(回到岸边)”。故选A项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跳入河中帮助另一个女孩。A. walked走路；B. fell落下；C. dived跳水；D. sank下沉。呼应上文“dived into the water(跳入水中)”Carter Evans跳入水中救人，警官Garry Mercer也跳入水中救人。故选C项。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在回到岸边的途中，她太害怕了，以至于沉入水下，将Mercer往水下拉。A. excited兴奋的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. disappointed失望的。下文“went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her”符合溺水者惊慌失措的反应，因为太害怕了，所以对救援造成了不利影响。故选C项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Evans跳回水中，帮助他们直到他们在水中能保持平稳。A. sand沙；B. crowd人群；C. darkness黑暗；D. water水。由上文语境可知，Evans刚救了一个溺水者上岸，此时看到警察Mercer有麻烦，立即跳回水中去帮助。故选D项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她努力停留在水面上。A. waiting等待；B. struggling挣扎；C. considering考虑；D. lying躺。由常识可知，溺水者为了不下沉，会努力让自己在水中漂浮起来，struggle to do sth. (努力做某事)。故选B项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我只知道我的最后一口气就要来了，”Watson说。A. challenge挑战；B. choice选择；C. breath呼吸；D. dream梦想。由下文的““I thought I was slowly losing myself.” She began to go under.(“我认为我正在慢慢失去意识。”她开始往下沉)”可知，Watson用“最后一口气”表达她快要死了。故选C项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个女孩之所以活着，是因为Evans冒着生命危险救了她们。A. health健康；B. life生命；C. job工作；D. fortune运气。由上文的“Evans took off his shirt and shoes, threw his phone down and dived into the water, a river he knew crocodiles called home.(Evans脱下衬衫和鞋子，扔下手机，跳入水中，这是一条他认识的鳄鱼称之为家的河流)”和“Evans was taken to the hospital.(Evans被送往医院)”可知，凌晨两点半，在黑暗中，Evans在有鳄鱼的河流中救人，是冒着生命危险的。故选B项。

21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一名收银员Ahmed Alwan利用游戏的方式帮助附近贫困的人，他的善良和慷慨帮助别人的同时，自己也得到了幸福和快乐。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家商店的收银员Ahmed Alwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。A. shoppers顾客；B. cashiers收银员；C. owners拥有者；D. witnesses目睹者。根据首段中的“At Lucky Candy, a small neighborhood store, customers are in for a lucky treat.”可知，故事发生的背景是商店，所以此处应该是顾客。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家商店的收银员Ahmed Alwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。A. fun趣事；B. good益处；C. free免费；D. love爱。根据下文中的“he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect.”可知，Alwan给顾客拿的东西付账，所以此处是免费，for free意为“免费地”符合语境。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alwan提出了主要帮助“低收入社区成员”的想法，他自己最终为获奖者收集的任何东西付费。A. choose选择；B. help帮助；C. educate教育；D. gather收集，聚集。根据下文中的“Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertaining and altruism (利他主义) into the game to go on helping people…”可知，此处指的是Alwan帮助收入不高的人。故选B项。
24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对于23岁的阿尔万来说，快乐就像早餐一样必不可少，但他家街角商店的常客有时会为两者而苦恼。A. insist on坚持；B. live off依赖，靠……生活；C. adjust to适应；D. struggle for为……奋斗。根据上文中的“For Alwan, 23, joy is essential as breakfast—but regulars at his family’s corner store sometimes…”以及下文中的both，可知商店周围这些常客却为获得快乐和早餐而努力奋斗，说明周围人们的日子过的很困难。故选D项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到人们——其中一些是近处的亲密的顾客——睡在火车上。A. potential潜在的；B. close亲近的，亲密的；C. extraordinary特殊的；D. domestic国内的。根据上文中的““This neighborhood has a lot of poor people,” he says. “They’ve known me since I was a little kid. I know most of them by name.”可知，此处指的是认识他的一些常客，所以此处说亲密的顾客。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经在早上给他们黄油卷，咖啡和香蕉，以给他们的日子带来希望。A. clarify澄清；B. guide引导；C. evaluate评估；D. brighten点亮。根据上文中的“I used to give them buttered rolls, coffee and bananas in the morning…”可知，此处指的是给大家这些东西，为了让大家从一早上就有一个好心情，brighten one’s day意为“给某人带来希望或愉快”符合语境。故选D项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Alwan在整个高中和大学都是数学迷，他想办法将他对娱乐和利他主义的热爱融入到游戏中，继续帮助人们并保持他们的数学技能。A. trading交易；B. verbal口头上；C. math数学；D. reading阅读。根据上文中的“A fan of math throughout high school and college,…”可知，此处指的是使他们的数学技能得到提升。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，所有发出去的礼物和解决问题会不会影响商店的利润呢？A. exchanging交换；B. making使，制造；C. designing设计；D. giving给予。根据下文中的“…and problem solving affect the store’s profits? ”可知，and前后并列结构，后面是“解决问题”，再结合语境可知此处应为“发送礼物”。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是我自己掏腰包的，”他说。他最近在互联网上推出了一个GoFundMe页面，为游戏筹集资金。A. pocket口袋；B. need需要；C. control控制；D. head头。根据上文中的“…he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect. ”和“Alwan said it hasn’t affected the family business negatively.”可知，此处指的是Alwan自己掏腰包，所以不会影响家庭收入。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果幸福的方程式是善良加慷慨，那么Alwan已经解决了它。A. modesty谦虚；B. generosity慷慨；C. honesty诚实；D. bravery勇敢。结合全文语境可知，本文讲述的是Alwan以游戏的形式，免费帮助有困难的人，这表明了他的慷慨，无私和善良。故选B项。

31．C 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．D 41．C 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了59岁的Nixon每天早上坐在长椅上和路过的行人打招呼，聊天，带给了大家快乐，然后成为朋友的故事。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，他坐在长椅上，看日出，与各行各业的陌生人交流。A. teenagers青少年；B. relatives亲戚；C. strangers陌生人；D. neighbors邻居。根据下文“from all walks of life (来自各行各业的)”可知，这些来自各行各业的人应该只是他坐在长椅上见到的陌生人。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八年前，他决定每天从一张可以看到圣彼得堡海滨美景的长椅开始，因为这让他在开始一天的工作之前感到平静和安宁。A. peaceful平和的；B. excited兴奋的；C. proud自豪的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据上文“calm”可知，Nixon在开始一天的工作前坐在长椅上感受平静和安宁。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一年后，一位女士停下来打招呼，她说了些事情，这改变了尼克松对自己的每日例行访问的看法。A. formed构成；B. changed改变；C. developed发展；D. supported支持。根据下文“That’s when Nixon realized he needed to pay attention to the people walking past.(那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。)”可知，这位女士和他的互动使得他的长椅例行访问注意点发生改变，由感受这座城市转为关注行人。故选B项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个时候尼克松意识到他需要注意走过的人。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. remembered记起。根据下文“Instead of staring straight ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and talking to them. (尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。)”可知，他之所以改变自己的行为，是因为他意识到了什么。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克松没有再盯着海滨，而是开始对人们微笑并与他们交谈。A. pointing指出；B. laughing大笑；C. shouting大喊；D. smiling微笑。根据下文“And pretty soon, some early risers began joining him on the bench, sometimes sharing their pressure and asking him for advice about personal problems.(很快，一些早起的人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。)”可知，尼克斯逐渐和这些人建立起了良好关系，这说明他对他们很友好，因此可推测他朝着人们微笑。故选D项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一些早起的人开始和他一起坐在板凳上，有时分享他们的压力，并向他请教个人问题寻求建议。A. joining加入；B. noticing注意；C. leaving离开；D. praising表扬。根据下文最后一段的“They simply want to sit next to someone (他们只是想要坐在某个人的旁边)”可知，这些人加入他的行列，坐在长椅上和他聊天。故选A项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管一个人想要公开的是什么问题，尼克松都会倾听。A. air使通风，使公开；B. face面对；C. hear听到；D. create创造。根据下文“Nixon was always happy to listen (尼克松总是很喜欢倾听)”可知，文章反复提及他愿意倾听人们诉说的各种问题，而这个前提是人们愿意向他公开。故选A项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这正在毁掉他们的婚姻。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. marriage婚姻；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“The man admitted he’d put everything he had into his job for many years instead of focusing on his family. (这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。)”可知，只顾工作，不管家庭，可能毁掉的应该是家庭。故选C项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人承认，多年来他把所有的精力都投入到工作中，而不是专注于家庭。A. health健康；B. hobbies爱好；C. kids孩子；D. job工作；根据上文“The husband was always working. (丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人把精力都投入在工作上了。故选D项。
40．考查动词词组辨析。句意：“他开始哭，而且也赞同他需要放缓速度，”尼克松说：“我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。” A. give up放弃；B. calm down冷静下来；C. speak up明确表态；D. slow down放缓。根据上文“The husband was always working. (丈夫总是在工作。)”可知，这个男人太忙于工作了，得放缓速度，抽出时间来关注家人。故选D项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尼克松总是乐于倾听，他没有评价，也没有任何预期的回应。A. emotion情绪；B. consideration考虑；C. judgment评价；D. interest兴趣；根据下文“without any kind of return expected (没有任何预期的回应)”可知，尼克松做的只是单纯的倾听，不评价，不从自身出发回应。故选C项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对很多人而言，他都是一个有爱的，忠诚的朋友。A. guide导游；B. teacher老师；C. friend朋友；D. workmate同事。根据上文“we hugged each other and became friends after that. (我们互相拥抱，从此之后成为了朋友。)”可知，尼克松和这些陌生人成为了朋友。故选C项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于那些走过长椅的人，他们总是面带微笑地打招呼，并问他们过得怎么样。A. hugged拥抱；B. greeted打招呼；C. competed竞争；D. satisfied使满意。根据下文“with a smile and asked how they were doing (面带微笑，并问他们过得怎么样)”可知，这是尼克松和路过的行人之间的互动，打招呼和交谈。故选B项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想坐在某人旁边，并且共享这寂静。A. secrets秘密；B. worries担忧；C. happiness幸福；D. silence寂静。根据下文“Once a woman stopped and just sat with Nixon for an hour; then she said thanks and walked away. (有一次，一个女人停下来，和尼克松坐了一个小时；然后她说了声谢谢就走了。)”可知，类似的情况下，两个人不说话保持沉默，那么可想而知很安静。故选D项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她只是想要片刻的平和，并且想知道她自己并不孤单。A. sad悲伤的；B. alone孤独的；C. stressed紧张的；D. hopeless不抱希望的。根据下文“And at that moment, she truly wasn’t. (那一刻，她确实不孤独。)”可知，她只是想知道自己并不孤单。故选B项。

46．C 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A. knife刀；B. bag包；C. camera照相机；D. gun枪。根据后文的 “Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”可知，海豹把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A. escape逃跑；B. make制作；C. move移动；D. fight斗争。根据前文的“I was frightened”可知，我看见海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那里。故选C项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A. approach接近；B. adopt采取；C. imagine想象；D. rescue营救。根据后文的“I jumped into the freezing water.”可知，我决定跳入水里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A. respect尊重；B. sympathy同情；C. reward回报；D. threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的“Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A. confirm确认；B. expose暴露；C. overcome克服；D. reduce减少。根据前文的“I decided to stay very calm.”可知，尽管海豹在威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选B项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A. satisfaction满足；B. regret后悔；C. surprise惊讶；D. sorrow悲伤。根据后文的“she came back with a live penguin.”可知，我没有想到海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A. feed喂养；B. comfort安慰；C. attack攻击；D. assess评估。根据前文的“Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A. reliable可靠的；B. dangerous危险的；C. sensitive多愁善感的；D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据后文“She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A. admire钦佩；B. promise承诺；C. demand要求；D. expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”及“Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. similar相似的；C. incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D. bitter痛苦的。根据前文“She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.”及“I got many amazing pictures during those four days. ”可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。

56．B 57．A 58．D 59．C 60．B 61．C 62．D 63．B 64．A 65．C 66．B 67．C 68．A 69．D 70．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了几个男孩因为看到乌龟在过马路时被汽车压死的惨象后决定要帮助乌龟安全过马路的故事。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，10岁的科尔和8岁的布莱克·迈耶兄弟骑着自行车去钓鱼，从他们位于爱荷华州北部的家出发，他们在路上看到了令人震惊的事情。A. common常见的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. funny有趣的；D. simple简单的。根据后文“There were a lot of dead baby turtles,　　　2　　　　by cars on the main road”可知，他们看到很多海龟被车压死，所以这是令人震惊的事情。故选B项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在文图拉沼泽（Ventura Marsh）和克利尔湖（Clear Lake）两个湿地之间的主干道上，有很多被汽车撞死的小海龟。A. killed杀死；B. delivered递送；C. guided指导；D. pushed推动。根据前文“There were a lot of dead baby turtles,”可知是被车撞死的小海龟。故选A项。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个男孩为它们感到难过，于是他们爬下自行车，开始帮助其他慢慢过马路的小乌龟。A. lonely孤独的；B. hopeful充满希望的；C. excited激动的；D. sad悲哀的。根据前文“There were a lot of dead baby turtles,　　　2　　　　by cars on the main road”可知。看到很多小海龟被杀死，他们感到悲伤。故选D项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个男孩为它们感到难过，于是他们爬下自行车，开始帮助其他慢慢过马路的小乌龟。A. studying学习；B. watching观察；C. helping帮助；D. touching触摸。根据后文“They　　　5　　　one in each hand and took them across, then went back for some more.”可知，他们是在帮助海龟过马路。故选C项。
60．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们两只手各拿了一个，带着它们过河，然后又回去拿了一些。A. looked for寻找；B. picked up捡起；拾起；C. put aside把……放在一边；D. threw away扔掉。根据后文“took them across, then went back for some more.”可知，是他们带着海龟过了马路，所以应该是拾起海龟。故选B项。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个夏天剩下的时间里，男孩们继续他们拯救海龟的任务。A. training训练；B. walking行走；C. saving救助；D. feeding喂养。根据前文“They　　　5　　　　one in each hand and took them across, then went back for some more.”可知，他们是在救助小海龟，所以是继续他们拯救海龟的任务。故选C项。
62．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们安全地看着附近自行车道上的海龟，只有在没有车辆的时候才自己穿过马路。A. lazily懒散地；B. jokingly戏谑地；C. secretly秘密地；D. safely安全地。根据前文“The boys kept up their task of　　　　6　　　turtles for the rest of the summer.”可知，他们是在救助海龟，所以应该是安全地看着附近自行车道上的海龟穿过马路。故选D项。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们安全地看着附近自行车道上的海龟，只有在没有车辆的时候才自己穿过马路。A. change改变；B. traffic路上行驶的车辆；C. food食物；D. plan计划。根据后文“But sometimes they would hold up their arms to stop a car if there were turtles on the　　　9　　　.”可知，在没有车辆的时候才让海龟自己穿过马路。故选B项。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有时，如果有乌龟在移动，他们会举起手臂拦住汽车。A. move移动；B. visit参观；C. fly飞翔；D. rise上升。根据前文“But sometimes they would hold up their arms to stop a car”可知，如果有海龟在过马路时，他们会举起手臂拦住汽车，让汽车停下。故选A项。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们可以看到多达40或50只乌龟在路中间晒太阳。A. dusting擦灰；B. watering给……浇水；C. sunning晒太阳；D. airing晾干。根据后文“themselves in the middle of the road”结合常识和选项可推知，海龟应该是在路中间晒太阳。故选C项。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减少海龟的死亡，他们甚至贴了一些指示牌。A. tents帐篷；B. signs标志；指示牌；C. maps地图；D. buildings建筑物。根据后文““Careful! Turtle Crossing!” to warn the passing cars along the road.”可知，他们是贴了一些指示牌。故选B项。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们这样做是因为它们是有生命的——我们不想看到它们被碾死。A. ordinary普通的；B. strange奇怪的；C. living活着的；D. noisy吵闹的。根据后文“we don’t want to see them run over and killed”可知，不想看到海龟被碾死，因为它们是有生命的。故选C项。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的母亲为他们所做的一切感到骄傲，几次带着水和零食去那里以示支持。A. support支持；B. honesty诚实；C. courage勇气；D. patience耐心。根据前文“Their mother was proud of what they were doing”可知，他们的母亲是非常支持他们的行动的。故选A项。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们利用暑假来帮助大自然和保护海龟，这很温暖人心。A. community社区；B. society社会；C. human人类；D. nature自然。根据前文可知，迈耶兄弟他们在暑假救助了海龟，使得乌龟免遭车辆碾压，所以这是在帮助大自然。故选D项。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些男孩给了我对下一代的希望。A. hope希望；B. luck好运；C. effort努力；D. decision决定。根据前文“It’s heartwarming that they were using their summer break to help　　　　14　　　　and protect turtles.”可知，他们利用暑假来帮助大自然和保护海龟，这使得生物学家Grummer对下一代抱有希望。故选A项。

71．C 72．B 73．A 74．A 75．B 76．D 77．C 78．D 79．B 80．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。“笑是最好的良药”。许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。文章对此进行了解释。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。A. success成功；B. confidence信心；C. happiness快乐；幸福；D. determination决心。结合上文“Laughter is the best medicine”可知，此处指笑带给人们的更大的幸福往往会带来更好的医疗结果。故选C。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，2017年诺丁汉大学的一项研究测试了138名接受正常流感注射的退休人员的情绪效果。A. avoiding避免；B. receiving接受；C. missing错过；D. organizing组织。结合下文“the normal flu injection”可知，此处指他们接受流感疫苗的注射。故选B。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在接种疫苗当天感到高兴的人继续产生更多的抗流感抗体。A. produce制造；生产；B. repair修理；C. detect发现；D. absorb吸收。根据空前“Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination”及下文“more flu-fighting antibodies”可知，对于当天接种疫苗的人而言，他们会产生更多的流感抗体。故选A。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是高兴真的能带来健康吗，还是恰恰相反呢？A. health健康；B. mood情绪；C. relationship关系；D. performance表现。结合前文“ people’s mood affects the activation of genes that fight disease.”可知，人们的情绪会影响对抗疾病的基因的激活，所以此处是在问高兴真的能带来健康吗。故选A。
75．考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，那些拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。A. gradually逐渐地；B. naturally自然地；C. randomly随便地；任意地；D. rarely稀有地。根据下文“have higher levels of other mood-improving brain chemicals as well”可知，拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。故选B。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一个可能的进化解释。A. solution解决方法；B. prediction预测；C. application应用；D. explanation解释。根据下文内容提示，可知此处是用人类的进化来作解释。故选D。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类作为社会性生物进化而来，它们群体合作以获得食物并保护自己免受野生动物的伤害。A. consume消费；B. serve服务；C. secure（尤指通过努力）获得；取得；D. purchase购买。根据下文“protect themselves from wild animals”可知，此处指人类通过群体合作来获得食物。故选C。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们与朋友和家人的密切关系网更快乐，因为这提高了我们生存的机会。A. fixed固定的；B. enormous巨大的；C. complicated复杂的；D. close亲近的；亲密的。结合下文“network of friends and family because this improved our chances of survival. But closely socializing groups”可知，这里指和朋友及家人之间的亲密关系，提高了我们的生存机会。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因此我们需要增加抗击这些疾病的基因的活性。A. functions功能；B. infections传染病；C. activities活动；D. systems系统。结合下文“such as flu and colds”可知，感冒和流感是传染病。故选B。
80．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些与社会隔绝的人来说，传染病并不是什么大问题，帮助他们从身体伤害中恢复过来的基因可能会被优先考虑，而不是那些对抗疾病的基因。A. cut off 切断；B. taken over掌管；C. picked out挑选出；D. made up编造。结合上文“closely socializing groups are also breeding grounds for respiratory (呼吸的) 　9　　 such as flu and colds”及下文“infectious disease was less of a problem”可知，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因而若要没有传染病得问题，就要切断和社会的联系。故选A。

81．C 82．A 83．D 84．B 85．A 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．B 90．D

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。
81．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，当她在一个夏天的周六被要求喂红褐色的马查理胡萝卜时，她慢慢地走近，有时不自信，转向一群等着喂它的孩子。A. happily高兴地；B. calmly平静地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. directly直接地。根据第一段第一句“Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. (9岁的奥利维亚一开始很害羞。她以前从未骑过马。)”可知她很害羞，所以当她被要求喂马时，她应该是缓慢地靠近。故选C项。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥利维亚最终把胡萝卜放到了马口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜欢的食物。A. fed喂；B. left离开；C. made做；D. threw扔。通过上文可知她不敢喂马到最终把食物喂到了马的嘴里。当她把食物喂到马的嘴里时，查理舔了舔她的手。故选A项。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. award奖项；B. exchange交流；C. negotiation谈判；D. breakthrough突破。根据上文Oliver由开始的害羞不敢喂马，到最后把食物喂到马的嘴里，这是一种突破。故选D项。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. responsibility责任；D. freedom自由。这个项目是帮助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故选B项。
85．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马，最后才有机会骑上它们。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. as当……时候/因为；D. though虽然。根据句意可知，在他们骑马之前需要学会接近马，喂马和刷马等。故选A项。
86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. take over接管；B. walk with与……同行；C. care for照顾/关心；D. respond to回应。通过前文“they were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses(他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马)”可知，孩子们通过照顾马和马建立联系。故选C项。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. routines常规；B. bonds联系；C. judgements判断；D. ideas主意。根据句意，孩子们通过照顾马与马建立联系。故选B项。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. technical技术的；B. survival幸存的；C. organizational组织的；D. social社会的；社交的。根据本句“which can help them communicate with others(这能帮助孩子与他人沟通)，表明孩子们的社交技能将会发生积极变化。故选D项。
89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子们，查理需要通过闻他们的手来熟悉他们。A. popular流行的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. satisfied感到满意的；D. patient有耐心的。根据下一句“Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子们就学会了如何抚摸他的脸和头，然后学会了如何使用牵绳，收拾查理的烂摊子，给他喂胡萝卜。)”可知，查理一开始是先从闻手上的气味开始熟悉孩子们。一旦熟悉了，孩子们就可以抚摸他们的脸和头。故选B项。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的犹豫相符地变成了微笑、笑声和兴奋。A. resistance抗拒；B. disappointment失望；C. misunderstanding误解；D. hesitation犹豫。由最后一段“Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. (奥利维亚并不是唯一一个一开始就紧张害羞的孩子。但最终奥利维亚也不是唯一一个离开时更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子们由一开始的犹豫最后转变为了自信和微笑。故选D项。

91．A 92．B 93．D 94．C 95．A 96．B 97．A 98．B 99．C 100．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是失去双亲的男孩山姆在好心人默里的帮助和呵护下成为更好的自己，也取得了事业上的成功。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对山姆来说，父亲就是他的英雄，也是这个世界上唯一让他感到安全、有羁绊的人。A. safe安全的；B. stressed焦虑不安的；C. excited兴奋的；D. anxious焦急的。由上文“his father was his hero”提到山姆的父亲是山姆的英雄可知，父亲能够让山姆感到安全。故选A项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管柯蒂斯没有文化，也很穷，但他懂得去培养他儿子对文字的兴趣，仿佛文字就是世界上最重要的事物。A. inspiration灵感；B. interest兴趣；C. habit习惯；D. imagination想象力。one’s interest in sth.意为“对……的兴趣”；a habit of sth.意为“……的习惯”。由设空处后面的介词“in”以及语意可知，此处是指柯蒂斯培养儿子对文字的兴趣。故选B项。
93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：甚至他要是不把每个句子都作拆分，就会连一页都看不懂。A.showing off炫耀；B. giving up放弃；C. calming down冷静下来；D. breaking down分解，拆分。由上文“When fate suddenly took Curtis away from Sam, the kid became homeless and withdrawn from everyone and everything.”提到由于山姆的父亲去世了，山姆变得无家可归，脱离外界可知，当时山姆很难看得进书，需要把每个句子作拆分才读得懂。故选D项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，两个孩子的父亲默里先生发现山姆坐在咖啡屋外面，饿着肚子，泪流满面。A. kept保持；B. felt感受；C. spotted发现；D. prevented防止。结合语意与下文“He took Sam home”（他带山姆回家）可知，此处是指默里一家发现了山姆饿着肚子坐在咖啡屋外。故选C项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他带山姆回家，给他食物，哄他睡觉。A. fed喂食；B. taught教授；C. dragged拖，拉；D. pleased使高兴。由上文“gripping his stomach in hunger”提到无家可归的山姆肚子很饿可知，默里带山姆回家后会给他食物。故选A项。
96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他一页一页地读着这个11岁孩子的遭遇，尽量不哭出声来。A. horror恐惧；B. silence沉默；C. relief宽慰；D. desperation绝望。结合语意，默里读着山姆写的日记，为山姆的遭遇所动容，且由设空处前的“trying to”可以推知，默里哭的时候想要尽量不哭出声来。故选B项。
97．考查副词词义辨析。句意：山姆醒来后，发现自己的书整洁地放在书架上，自己的衣服放在洗衣袋里，他父亲的照片也装进了一个漂亮的相框里，放在书桌上。A. neatly整洁地；B. hurriedly匆忙地；C. wisely明智地；D. naturally自然地。结合语意，由下文“ his clothes put away in a laundry bag, and the picture of his father put in a beautiful frame and placed on the study table”提到山姆的衣服放进洗衣袋里，父亲的照片也装好放在书桌上可知，他的东西被默里处理得很好，所以他的书也应该会被整洁地放在书架上。故选A项。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这是你的家。你想要什么书就有什么书。我会每天开车载你和我的孩子们一起去上下学。任何东西都阻挡不了你去追求你的梦想。”默里说。山姆含泪给了他一个拥抱。A. polite礼貌的；B. tearful含泪的；C. welcoming（对来访或到达的人）欢迎的，热情友好的；D. comforting令人欣慰的。结合语意，默里对山姆说的话让山姆很感动，所以山姆含泪相拥，作为回应。故选B项。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他变得外向，个性自信。A. replaced替代；B. described描述；C. developed发展，养成；D. strengthened增强。结合语意，由“He became outgoing”可知山姆后来变得外向起来，由此推知，他也培养了自信的个性。故选C项。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他遵从内心，在大学修读文学。A. science科学；B. gymnastics体育；C. education教育；D. literature文学。由上文“So he turned to writing instead. And within two months, the boy used up six notebooks to write his thoughts in notes and poetry.”提到山姆写作，把自己的想法写成笔记或是诗歌，由此推知，他遵从内心，修读的应该是文学。故选D项。

101．D 102．B 103．A 104．C 105．B 106．A 107．C 108．D 109．A 110．B

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者转到城里最好的高中之后的适应过程。从刚开始的自我怀疑，取得了小成绩之后，疑虑慢慢消失，找回自信，并坚持一直努力，到最后取得成绩和进步。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随之而来的是我的担忧：我足够好吗？A. excitement兴奋；B. satisfaction满意；C. anger生气；D. worry担忧。根据后文“Am I good enough?(我够好吗？)”可知，作者对自己有所怀疑和担忧。故选D项。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题在我入学的第一个月里一直困扰着我，即使我已经开始适应，即使我已经习惯了清晨起床，在教学楼之间穿梭上课。A. freed释放；B. dogged(长期)困扰；C. warmed温暖；D. guided带领。根据后文“through my first month(在我的第一个月)”的时间长度可推知，这个问题困扰着作者很长一段时间。故选B项。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安静，尽力观察我的新同学。A. observe观察；B. admire钦佩；C. support支持；D. calm使平静下来。根据后文“Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school?(这些孩子到底是谁?他们在学校是怎么学习的?)”可知，作者观察班里的同学。故选A项。
104．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我不也是吗？A. Or或者；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。分析语境可知，前文“All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously.(我只知道他们显然是城里最聪明的孩子)”作者认为新的同学们都很聪明，后文“__4__ wasn’t I as well? (我不也是吗？)”则是对自己的怀疑，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种怀疑就像一个致命的细胞，威胁着要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到办法阻止它。A. guess猜测；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest使感兴趣；D. risk冒风险。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“___4___  wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them?(但我不也是吗？我来到这里不就是因为我和他们一样聪明吗？)”，这是作者初到新的学校和班级时对自己的怀疑。故选B项。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此。A. excellent极好的；B. average普通的；C. different不同的；D. unique独一无二的。根据“Fortunately(幸运地是)”可推知，作者第一轮的成绩应该很好。故选A项。
107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。 A. responsibility责任；B. friendship友谊；C. confidence信心；D. teamwork团队合作。根据前文“Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___ , and so did my second.(幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此)”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了信心。故选C项。
108．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A. suddenly突然；B. frequently频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“With each little achievement(每一个小小的成就)”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”，表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. locate位于；D. create创造。分析语境可知，“the gap(差距)”应是指前文“always a step or two ahead of me”提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以缩小这种差距。故选A项。
110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A. expecting期待；B. trying努力；C. wondering想知道；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“I made progress(我取得了进步)”可知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了努力。故选B项。