高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共47页。

阅读理解
It is certainly true that pure fear doesn’t feel good, but that is the whole meaning of the emotion. Fear evolved over millions of years to protect us from danger. So, yes, fear is a feel-bad emotion, but also the engine in a whole range of pleasurable activities and behaviors, which inspire what we can call recreational fear.
Recreational fear can be found everywhere. From a very early age, humans love being jump scared by caregivers. They get older and take great pleasure in chase-play and hide-and-seek. They are drawn to scary stories about monsters, witches and ghosts. As they grow a little older, they get together for horror movie nights, stand patiently in line for roller coasters, and play horror video games. Indeed, most of us never quite lose our peculiar attraction to recreational fear.
It is believed that recreational fear is a form of play behavior, widespread in the animal kingdom and humans. When an organism plays, it learns important skills and develops strategies for survival. Playfighting cats train their ability to defend themselves in an unfriendly encounter, but with little risk and low cost, compared to the real thing. It’s the same with humans. When we engage in recreational fear activities specifically, we play with fear, challenge our limits, and learn about our own physiological and psychological responses to stress.
Any other benefits? In the studies of engagement with recreational fear, we’ve seen it improve people’s ability to cope with stress and anxiety. For instance, it was found that people who watch many horror movies exhibited better psychological resilience (承受力) during the first COVID-19 lockdown than people who stay away from scary movies.
With these in mind, we should maybe think twice about protecting kids and young people too zealously (热衷地) from playful forms of fear. They’ll end up in the real world sooner or later, and they will be better equipped if they’ve at least pretended to be there before.
1．Which of the following belongs to recreational fear?
A．Watching a parade.
B．Having a scary dream.
C．Riding a pirate ship.
D．Falling into the river.
2．How does recreational fear benefit us?
A．By leading us to true happiness.
B．By improving our survival skills.
C．By ridding us of trouble in real life.
D．By helping us build up confidence.
3．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．To imply COVID-19 is like a scene in horror movies.
B．To prove lockdown is an effective measure to stop COVID-19.
C．To show recreational fear can make us mentally strong.
D．To recommend us a proper way to reduce stress and anxiety.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards recreational fear?
A．Positive. B．Critical.
C．Worried. D．Skeptical.

Groups of reindeer, a species of deer, and horses could soon run across the frozen (冷冻的) ground in places as far north as Siberia. That’s because reintroducing these grazing animals (食草动物) can slow down the rate of permafrost melting (永冻土融化) and global warming. A new study conducted by Professor Christian Beer has found that if there are enough animals in the Arctic, 80% of the permafrost could be kept until at least 2100.
It was inspired by an experiment carried out by a scientist named Sergey Zimov. He had believed that because of the warming climate of the Arctic region, the melting permafrost would give off greenhouse gases that had been trapped in the soil for thousands of years, and it would increase the amount of warming and start an endless cycle. 20 years ago, by the Pleistocene Park Experiment, he successfully proved that grazing animals running across the land would break up the snow and help freeze the soil. However, he failed to get his scientific papers published.
But now scientists are taking his warning seriously. According to a survey, 1.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide were given off from melting permafrost between 2003 and 2017, which changed the Arctic from being a place that took in carbon dioxide into a place that gave off carbon dioxide. If uncontrolled, there would be a 7-degree increase in the permafrost temperature that would cause half of it to melt by 2100.
Fortunately, Beer’s study shows that most of the permafrost can be kept if the place is repopulated with grazing animals. “Today, we have an average of 5 reindeer per square kilometer across the Arctic. With 15 reindeer per square kilometer, we could save 70% of the permafrost. If we were able to maintain the high animal density (密度) like in Zimov’s Pleistocene Park, would that be good enough to save permafrost under the strongest warming? Yes, it could work for 80% of the region,” said Beer.
5．Why are the grazing animals reintroduced to the Arctic?
A．To speed up the melting. B．To protect the permafrost.
C．To help carry out research. D．To get rid of global warming.
6．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Global warming. B．The grazing animal.
C．The Arctic permafrost. D．Christian Beer’s research.
7．What will happen if the permafrost continues melting?
A．Grazing animals may go extinct.
B．More carbon dioxide will be taken in.
C．It will set more greenhouse gases free.
D．The temperature may go down quickly.
8．What does Christian Beer think of the reintroduction of grazing animals?
A．It takes a lot of time and effort. B．It can lead to a promising result.
C．It contributes much to biodiversity. D．It helps the permafrost to take form.

From inspirational keynote sessions to hot topics and networking events, everything you know and love about the Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo (FNCE) is included in this year’s program — plus these amazing new additions!
Extra Networking Event. You asked for more networking opportunities, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics listened! Immediately following Opening Session on Saturday, October 26, from 6p. m. to 7p.m., there will be a special networking opportunity in the Grand Hall of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. Connect with colleagues and meet new friends while enjoying festive fall beverages.
New Educational Tracks. For attendees looking to develop business and communications skills, the new Career Development and Advancement track offers 12 applicable sessions on topics such as leadership, mentoring and being an entrepreneur. Seven sessions in the Behavioral and Mental Health track focus on eating disorders, body image and more. The Business and Communications track includes information about building a practice and professional relationships.
More Learning Styles. Not everyone learns the same way, so FNCE 2023is offering more ways than ever to engage and gather new information. The Conversation Series in Room 114 Lecture Hall will feature in-depth one-on-one conversations with experts, leaders and innovators on topics including leadership, emerging technologies and more. Ninety-minute expert panel discussions will feature a moderator and up to three panelists presenting perspectives on a specific topic.
Longer DPG/MIG Showcase. To give attendees more time to explore all the dietetic practice groups and member interest groups available, this showcase will be extended by one hour. Visit the Showcase and join a DPG or MIG on Monday, October 28, from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Arch Street Bridge (200 Level) of the convention center.
9．Where can you go to find a networking opportunity at FNCE?
A．Mental Health track. B．The Grand Hall.
C．Room 114 Lecture Hall. D．The Arch Street Bridge.
10．What can be inferred about the Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo?
A．The DPG/MIG Showcase this year will be extended to three hours.
B．The Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo will start from October 28.
C．The Business and Communications track centers on body image and mentoring.
D．The Conversation Series offer you a chance to have a direct talk with the experts.
11．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explore secrets to healthy life. B．To introduce new educational approaches.
C．To offer more learning opportunities. D．To attract more attendees to FNCE 2023.

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone(臭氧)levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
12．According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _______.
A．lead to a longer fire season
B．result in a warming climate
C．protect the forests and the environment there
D．cause the forest fires to occur more frequently
13．The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT _______.
A．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase
B．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere
C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space
D．ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun
14．Earlier studies about northern forest fires _______.
A．suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming
B．indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere
C．analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate
D．suggest that people should take measures to protect the environment
15．The underlined phrase “soaked up” in the last paragraph most probably means _______.
A．released B．absorbed C．created D．distributed
16．From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may _______.
A．warm the climate as the supposition goes
B．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy
C．destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice
D．allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate

It all started with a post on social media. Returning home from the grocery store, then 25-year-old Simone Policano felt compelled to help the elderly in her neighbourhood to practise safer social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. With this in mind, she reached out to her friends via the social media, inquiring about existing volunteer opportunities in the state of New York. Unexpectedly, many responded to her post, expressing their interest to volunteer as well. As a result of that outreach, one of her friends, Liam Elkind joined Policano. They decided to start an initiative called Invisible Hands Deliver.
Just two days after conceiving(想出)the idea, Policano and Elkind had a website up and running. This site allowed the elderly and other at-risk individuals to make requests for groceries and prescription medicines to be delivered to them. Volunteers left the bags of groceries outside the doors. The webpage also included a call for volunteers, which gained more than 2,000 sign-ups within the first five days.
As the pandemic began to take its toll on New York in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. Besides volunteering to deliver groceries for free, New Yorkers also reached out to translate the Invisible Hands flyers into over a dozen languages, enabling the organisation to reach out to more members of the community.
Following its success in New York and New Jersey, the organisation has expanded its operations to Philadelphia and there are plans to expand to other areas of the United States. Their acts of kindness have also inspired similar networks to sprout up worldwide. Invisible Hands Deliver is also supported by other organizations.
Helmed by a team of college students and recent graduates, Invisible Hands Deliver has shown that one is never too young to make a difference and give back to the community. In a time when the pandemic has forced people apart, the young are in a prime position to take advantage of technology and bridge the gap, bringing communities together.
17．Why did Simone Policano setup “Invisible Hands Deliver”?
A．To practice outreach on the social media.
B．To bring volunteers of the same interest together.
C．To help the elderly with their daily chores contactlessly.
D．To sell groceries and prescription medicines to the lonely elderly.
18．What does the underlined phrase “take its toll” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cause great damage. B．Reduce the impact.
C．Fill a huge gap. D．Recover slowly.
19．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Invisible Hands Deliver has drawn wide attention.
B．People responded to Simon’s post in actively at the beginning.
C．Invisible Hands Deliver has existed in many areas of the United States.
D．Young people pull the elderly together when the pandemic pulls them apart.
20．What does the author want to convey through the passage?
A．Great minds think alike. B．All the people gather the fire.
C．Great things never come easy. D．Kill two birds with one stone.

People with dyslexia (阅读障碍) have brains that are suitable for exploring the unknown, a trait that’s been important to the survival and success of humans. Dyslexia should be considered a difference, not a disorder, researchers at the University of Cambridge say. This is proved by studies that show people with dyslexia have special brains to explore the unknown and think in terms of the bigger picture.
The strengths of the dyslexic brain could have evolved as humans adapted to changing culture. To survive, we needed to learn skills and acquire habits, but we also needed to be creative and find new solutions through exploration. In the new study, the researchers say some people specialized in taking advantage of learned information, while others focused on discovery and invention.
Studies have shown that people with dyslexia are less efficient at procedural learning than non-dyslexic people, said Taylor, who studies cognition and human evolution. “Learning to read, write or play the piano are all skills that are dependent on procedural memory; once learned, the skills can be processed automatically and rapidly,” Taylor added.
Dyslexia has long been viewed as negative. It has been called a developmental disorder, learning disability or learning difficulty. Instead, the distinction between dyslexic and non-dyslexic brains should be framed simply as a difference, said Taylor. “We all possess difficulties in areas that are other people’s strengths. It’s just unfortunate that in the case of people with dyslexia their difficulties are continually highlighted, partly due to the nature of education and also to the importance of reading and writing in our culture.”
In reframing dyslexia as a difference, society can benefit from more innovative solutions. It’s important to emphasize that people with dyslexia still face a lot of difficulties, but the difficulties exist because of the environment and an emphasis on rote learning and reading and writing. Instead, we could nurture ‘explorative learning’ — learning through discovery, invention, and creativity, which would work more to their strengths.
21．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A．People should see dyslexia as a disorder, not a difference.
B．People with dyslexia are specialized to explore the unknown.
C．People without dyslexia are weak in using learned information.
D．Acquiring skills and habits is necessary for people with dyslexia.
22．Which of the following skills is NOT dependent on procedural memory?
A．Reciting a poem. B．Writing a song.
C．Reading an article. D．Playing the piano.
23．What should we do to reframe dyslexia as a difference?
A．Promote learning in an explorative way.
B．Value reading and writing in our culture.
C．Stress rote learning, reading and writing.
D．Focus on the difficulties people with dyslexia have.
24．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Dyslexia: a must for creativity. B．Reframing dyslexia: a difficulty.
C．People with dyslexia: potential inventors. D．Dyslexia brains: a key to survive.

Erin Alexander’s sister-in-law recently died, and she was having a hard day. A barista (咖啡师) was sad too because his machine had broken down. Erin ordered an iced green tea, and told him to cheer up. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin, your soul is golden”, the barista had also scrawled (画) a heart next to it. “I’m even not sure what ‘your soul is golden’ means,” said Erin, who laughed and cried while recalling the incident. But the warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from the barista who didn’t know what she was going through, moved her deeply. “Of course, I was still really sad,” Erin said. “But that little thing made the rest of my day.”
New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, confirm just how powerful experiences like Erin’s can be. Researchers found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the receivers will appreciate it. And they believe it could prevent many of us from doing nice things for others more often.
A recent study comprised eight small experiments that varied in design and participants. In one experiment, people were told they could give a cupcake away to strangers, and were asked to rate their own mood as well as how they believed the receivers would feel. The researchers found that those who got a cupcake as a result of a random act of kindness felt better than the person on the giving end thought they would. “People tend to think that what they are giving is little,” Dr. Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing and psychology at the University of Texas, Austin, said. “But receivers consider the gesture to be significantly more meaningful because they are also thinking about the fact that someone did something nice for them.”
If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts — or if it does not come naturally to you — Marisa Franco, a psychologist, advised to start by thinking about what you like to do. “It’s not about you being liked, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’. It’s about: What skills and talents do you already have? And how can you turn that into an offering for other people?”
25．Why does the writer mention Erin’s experience in Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To show the power of kindness.
C．To praise the random acts of kindness.
D．To provide some background information on the study.
26．How was the study carried out?
A．By stating the facts. B．By listing examples.
C．By analyzing statistics. D．By comparing the feelings.
27．What should people do according to Marisa Franco?
A．Do whatever you like to do. B．Learn how to bake cookies.
C．Do what you can to help others. D．Try to gain some new skills and talents.
28．What message does the passage convey?
A．Well begun is half done. B．One good turn deserves another.
C．Practice kindness however little it is. D．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.

In the last decade, scientists have been going back and forth on one question: does recycling really help the environment? The conclusion at which they have arrived seems to be: yes, it does. However, experts warn that our efforts should not stop there. While recycling is an important part of the solution, it is not necessarily the most important factor. Therefore, I disagree that recycling is the key to a sustainable(可持续的) future.
Compared to other methods to save the earth, recycling is a much smaller player. According to a recent study, the twenty top petrochemical(石化) companies in the world are responsible for 55% of the world’s single-use plastics, most of which are practically impossible to recycle. This means that asking these major polluters to take responsibility for their harm to the environment would do much more than if every one of us recycled our waste. In addition, a dependence on recycling can take attention away from reducing and reusing, which are more effective in lowering missions(排放) and in turn helping to create a sustainable future. Therefore, it would do us a lot of good if we focus on the other high-priority solutions rather than simply recycling.
Recycling supporters may argue that recycling is indeed the key to a sustainable future because it helps save a lot of energy by taking what already exists and changing it into something new. While it is true that recycling is a valuable tool in the fight against climate change, it is not the key. Regrettably, it alone is not sufficient to sustain our earth. So, while we should continue recycling, we need to go further by taking other actions for our planet.
In conclusion, I disagree that recycling is the key to a sustainable future. Having said that, recycling is still beneficial. It is but a small part of an interconnected web of solutions, which on its own cannot accomplish much, but together with other efforts, can truly create a sustainable future for us all.
29．Why does the author write this article?
A．To raise a question. B．To explain a rule.
C．To present a solution. D．To express an idea.
30．Which of the following belongs to “other actions” in the Paragraph 3?
A．Stopping using plastics.
B．Using fewer high-emission cars.
C．Individuals recycling their waste.
D．Changing used things into something new.
31．Why is recycling not that important according to the author?
A．It does not help with protecting the environment.
B．It stops major polluters from taking responsibility.
C．It can only save 45% of the energy people need.
D．It plays a small and limited part in sustaining the earth.
32．What is the key to a sustainable future according to the author?
A．Reducing and reusing of single-use plastics.
B．Asking petrochemical companies to be responsible.
C．Combined efforts of all the solutions.
D．More and more people joining in recycling.

A number of recent studies of families in several Asian countries help to shed light on how grandparents are involved in coparenting, which researchers define as the sharing of childcare and upbringing responsibility among two or more adults. These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents.
Researcher Xiaowei Li and her coworkers recently explored parent-grandparent coparenting in China, where it is very common. In their 2019 study, nearly 180 mothers of preschoolers completed questionnaires (问卷调查) about their coparenting. The majority of families lived in three-generational households, and 80% of families had only one child.
The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-grandparent coparenting relationship, like how much they agreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in front of the child. The researchers also measured how competent mothers felt in using parenting strategies and teaching their children age-appropriate skills.
The findings? Mothers who had strong coparenting relationships with grandparents tended to feel more effective in their role as a parent, and, in turn, their children tended to be more socially competent. That’s because grandparents, with their rich experience, can provide support, role modeling, and encouragement when they raise children, which could influence how competent mothers feel in their parenting role. And when mothers are feeling more confident, they can approach parenting with more positivity, which can boost their children’s social development.
Parent-grandparent coparenting also seems to influence other aspects of children’s development, such as preschoolers’ effortful control—their ability to regulate how they respond to a situation and notice novelty or mistakes. For preschoolers, it might come into play when they get a gift they don’t like, or have to figure out how to share toys.
This research on grandparents highlights that handling the coparenting relationship is not without its challenges. But grandparents’ involvement in children’s upbringing can bring great benefits for families and grandparents themselves.
33．What might be included in the questionnaire?
A．Grandparents’ age gap. B．The support grandparents give.
C．The income the family have. D．Grandparents’ attitude to education.
34．What is the conclusion of the study?
A．Parents and grandparents can get along well.
B．Mothers’ ability has an effect on their children.
C．Good coparenting relationships benefit children.
D．Parent-grandparent coparenting is becoming popular.
35．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 probably refer to?
A．Effortful control. B．The response.
C．The development. D．The mistake.
36．What can be the best title for the text?
A．The Trend of Coparenting is Catching on in Asia.
B．How Young Parents Think of Grandparents’ Help
C．Coparenting Relationships Are Becoming Comfortable.
D．What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children.

Cassandra Campbell has narrated (叙述) 900 audiobooks (有声读物), so it comes as no surprise that it’s a pleasure to interview her by phone, with a voice that’s both comfortable and powerful. Her recent projects include Golem Girl by Riva Lehrer, True Story by Kate Reed Petty and Eat the Buddha by Barbara Demick, but she is perhaps best known for her narration of Where the Crawdads Sing, which is now in its 27th month on the best-seller list for audio stories.
Set in North Carolina’s marshlands (湿地), Delia Owens’ popular story is also in its 118th week on the hardcover fiction list. “My mum grew up there, so I’ve done a lot of books set there,” says Campbell, a Connecticut native whose two interests, acting and reading, were inspired by her father’s work as a theatre critic for The Hart ford Courant.
She says she was recording voice-overs (画外音) for a TV show—which I was terrible at—when a friend helped her get an audition with an audiobook publisher (出版商). “I thought this was the perfect marriage: getting to play all the parts and reading the book,” she adds.
Campbell has never had any contact with Owens, but she feels closely connected with the story of a motherless girl who is left to take care of herself in the wild. “There was one section where the girl goes out of the marsh, and it was so beautifully written and so clear,” she says. “The scientific descriptions of the natural world were really attractive to me.”
Like many experienced narrators, Campbell has a recording room at her home in Sherman Oaks, California. “It’s in the garage (车库), and it’s not attractive.” The setup allows for a pleasing transition to fully faraway work during the pandemic (流行病). And the state of being separate allows her to disappear further into the story, an experience she describes as part consideration, part communication with the language.
37．What’s mainly talked about in Paragraph 1?
A．The social status of Campbell. B．The achievements of Campbell.
C．The work environment of Campbell. D．The influence of Campbell’s works.
38．Which audiobook is Campbell most famous for?
A．Golem Girl. B．True Story. C．Eat the Buddha. D．Where the Crawdads Sing.
39．What inspired Campbell’s two interests?
A．Her father’s job. B．Her father’s instruction.
C．An audiobook publisher. D．Her friend’s encouragement.
40．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Campbell is a motherless girl. B．Campbell prefers to live in the wild.
C．Campbell thinks highly of Owens’ novel. D．Campbell keeps in close touch with Owens.

Many people want to look away from injustice and other troubling issues. But visual artist Siyan Wong has chosen not to look away. Through her art, she helps us see what is right before our eyes.
Wong, who lives in New York City, was born in China. Her art focuses on women, the elderly, people who are experiencing homelessness, and clothing industry workers.
Wong has loved art since she was a child. Her family didn’t have much money, so she and her sister would draw and cut out paper dolls to play with. This early experience provided Wong with a creative outlet for her emotions.
After graduating from Stuyvesant High School, she went on to college and law school. She is now a workers’ rights lawyer, but her belief in the healing (治愈) power of art remains. “Whenever I’m stressed or sad, I draw,” Wong said. “I express my feelings through art. Art is a comfortable way to bring people together to talk about difficult issues.”
One of Wong’s series is called “Five Cents a Can: Making Visible the Invisible”. I was inspired by the artist’s meetings with an Asian-American woman in her neighborhood. During early morning runs, Wong noticed the woman, who was more than 90 years old, collecting deserted cans and bottles in the dustbins behind her apartment building.
She is currently working on a painting for her “Home and Homeless” series. In the painting, she describes both a person who is homeless and an elderly canner. “The difference between someone who collects cans and someone who is homeless is hope,” Wong said. Her goal is to highlight the difference between the two and bring about questions for the viewer. Why does the elderly canner have hope, while the homeless person doesn’t? How did these individuals end up here?
41．What does Wong’s art focus on?
A．Social problems. B．Charity projects.
C．Natural environment. D．Her childhood life.
42．What does Wong think of the creation of arts?
A．It can improve her emotions.
B．It needs much money to achieve.
C．It helps the world present itself clearly.
D．It is what people should pay attention to.
43．Where did Wong get her inspiration for Five Cents a Can: Making Visible the Invisible?
A．Her profession as a lawyer. B．Cans and bottles in dustbins.
C．Poverty in her neighborhood. D．An old lady leading a hard life.
44．What is Wong’s attitude towards the lady picking up cans?
A．Doubtful. B．Grateful. C．Favorable. D．Uncaring.

While ChatGPT successfully answered a variety of questions raised by testers, some responses were noticeably off. In fact, Stack Overflow — a Q&A website for coders and programmers — didn’t allow users to share information from ChatGPT, saying that it’s “harmful to the site and to users who are asking or looking for correct answers.”
Beyond the issue of spreading incorrect information, the tool could also be used to explain problematic thoughts, and as with all AI tools, spread biases(偏见) based on the pool of data on which it’s trained. Typing something involving a CEO, for example, could prompt(激起) a response assuming that the individual is white and male, for example.
“While we’ve made efforts to make the model refuse unsuitable requests, it will sometimes respond to harmful instructions or exhibit biased behavior,” OpenAI, the company that created ChatGPT, said on its website. “We’re using the Moderation API to warn or stop certain types of unsafe content, but it still has some false negatives and positives for now. We’re eager to collect user feedback(反馈) to aid our ongoing work to improve this system.”
Still, Lian Jye Su, a research director at market research company ABI Research, warns the chatbot is operating “without understanding the context of the language.”
“It is very easy for ChatGPT to give plausible-sounding(听起来合理) but incorrect or senseless answers,” he said. “It guessed when it was supposed to explain and sometimes responded to harmful instructions or exhibited biased behavior. It also lacks regional and country-specific understanding.”
While ChatGPT is free, it does put a limit on the number of questions a user can raise before having to pay. When Elon Musk, a co-founder of OpenAI, recently asked Altman on Twitter about the average cost per ChatGPT chat, Altman said: “We will have to monetize(货币化) it somehow at some point; the compute costs are eye-watering.”
45．Why does the author mention Stack Overflow?
A．To show how narrow-minded it is.
B．To illustrate the negative influence of ChatGPT.
C．To reveal the competition it has with ChatGPT.
D．To indicate ChatGPT’s strong ability in problem solving.
46．What is the 3 paragraph mainly about?
A．The efforts OpenAI make for improvement.
B．The reason for the use of Moderation API.
C．The problem OpenAI is now facing.
D．The success in solving OpenAI’s problem.
47．Why does ChatGPT have problems?
A．It does not understand human language.
B．It mainly works through guessing.
C．It cannot respond properly based on contexts.
D．It holds bias on some specific regions.
48．What does the word “eye-watering” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．extremely high B．very harmful
C．quite necessary D．too average

Los Angeles is a noodle bowl of highways. It’s also one of the only two cities in the world where big cats walk wild inside the city boundaries (边界). But big cats and highways do not mix, which is why Los Angeles will soon be home to one of the world’s biggest wildlife corridors (走廊). Last month the governor of California, Gavin Newsom, launched construction (发起建设).
The cats in question are mountain lions. They live in the Santa Monica Mountains. Their numbers are unchanging. Their habitat is mostly natural wilderness, full of deer, the lions’ food. The ecology (生态) of their home, the largest city national park in the world, is healthy. Yet animals can be in danger without habitat loss. Genetic degradation (基因退化) can be just as deadly.
Cutting through the mountains is Route 101, carrying up to 10,000 vehicles an hour. It cuts the Santa Monica range off from a larger wilderness to the north. The southern area is not big enough for all the lions. The result is a population trapped with inbreeding and genetic degradation.
Four years after that study came the first evidence (证据) that the big cats were suffering physical damage. In the early 1990s biologists studying the Florida panther, a closely related animal, found that many of the males had the same genetic shortcomings. The Florida panther escaped extinction only thanks to the introduction of females brought from Texas to refresh the gene pool.
California does not need to go that far. There are healthy mountain-lion populations north of the Santa Monica range, separated by the road. Hidden cameras show the animals waited at the side of the highway, not daring to cross. The solution is a 165-foot-wide dirt bridge which would allow them to walk high over the traffic.
The animals become sexually mature (成熟) at 2 1/2 to 3 years and have babies every other year. So within ten years of the corridor’s completion the great-grandchildren of the first mating beyond the mountains could have babies. Genetically, even a few matings would make a difference. “We’ll definitely save the mountain lion,” thinks Paul Edelman of the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority (MRCA). “It’s just a matter of how long it takes.”
49．What can we know about the corridor?
A．It is being constructed by MRCA． B．It will take about ten years to complete.
C．It is supported by the governor of California. D．It will be the world’s biggest wildlife corridor.
50．Why can mountain lions be in danger?
A．They lack food. B．Their habitat is lost.
C．Their genes are becoming worse. D．They are being hunted without limit.
51．What’s the solution to the problem with mountain lions?
A．Making laws to protect their habitat. B．Introducing females from other states.
C．Setting up more national parks for them. D．Building a dirt bridge for them to cross Route 101.
52．Where can we probably find the text?
A．In a textbook. B．In a novel. C．In a travel guide. D．In a science magazine.

Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual(感知的)systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.
This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being exposed to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses(剂量)of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, playing with mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, which allows the child to gradually understand his or her body signals.
Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help children to find ways to cope with emotions that maybe hard to explore in other environments. So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of counselling for children who are struggling to verbalise their emotional state.
When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play maybe the exercise A child may find it easier to buildup strength and endurance in a large open space resulting in a reduced risk of overweight, according to one study led by Elizabeth Gershoff, professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, US.
The latest findings, however, suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments — and the secret maybe alive in the mud itself.
53．What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A．To present the topic. B．To display brain landscapes.
C．To prove the well-established benefits. D．To introduce the perceptual systems.
54．How does the study show that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation?
A．By recording learning experiences. B．By comparing walking in different settings.
C．By observing different activities. D．By exposing children to grass and trees.
55．What’s the advantage of sand tray therapy?
A．Children can speak out their inner thoughts.
B．Children can develop their senses and movements.
C．Children can express their thoughts by applying sand.
D．Children can cope with their emotions in the classroom.
56．What does the author mean by saying “the secret maybe alive in the mud itself’?
A．Playing outdoors brings unexpected benefits.
B．Playing in the mud is the best outdoor exercise.
C．Playing outdoors can cure children with ADHD．
D．Playing in the mud can reduce the risk of overweight.

Four Must-Eat Chicago Sandwiches
On a hit list of Chicago’s must-eat dishes, you’ll find various meals on bread. Let’s take a look at four of them.
Italian beef sandwich
Known around the city simply as a “beef”, this giant sandwich piles thinly sliced roast beef and green peppers on brown French bread, which has roots in the Italian American community in 1938. Dozens of Italian beef joints now exist in Chicago area, including Johnnie’s Beef in Elmwood Park and Plant-Based Italian Beefless Sandwich. The latter is popular among people who favor vegetable products.
Italian sub
Italian subs exist all over the country with different names. Chicago’s version originates from Vincenzo Graziano’s first sandwich store in 1922, who came to Chicago in 1905 without any money. At J.P. Graziano, now managed by Graziano’s great-grandson Jim Graziano, the Italian sub features hot pork sausage, plus tomato, red wine vinegar, which adds a deeper, richer flavor.
Reuben
Made with roasted beef, Swiss cheese and salted vegetables, the Reuben was invented in the Blackstone Hotel in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925 and won the National Sandwich Idea Contest in 1956. At Manny’s, you can taste the classic Reuben served with the award-winning roasted beef, which is the restaurant’s signature.
Chicago-style hot dog
Dating back to 1929, a Chicago Red Hot is made up of nine ingredients (原料). They include an all-beef frank, a steamed bread roll and a salad bar of toppings. As one of the city’s most popular spots for a Chicago dog, the family-owned roadside stand, Superdawg Drive-In, has served hot dogs since 1948. If you order a Chicago dog, the really critical detail is that you can’t see tomato source, which would ruin the perfect balance of the food.
57．Among the four must-eat Chicago sandwiches, which one has the longest history?
A．Italian beef sandwich. B．Italian sub.
C．Reuben. D．Chicago-style hot dog.
58．In which restaurant can you taste an award-winning sandwich?
A．Johnnie’s Beef in Elmwood Park. B．J.P. Graziano.
C．Manny’s. D．Superdawg Drive-In.
59．Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from?
A．Transport. B．Health. C．Travel. D．Science.

Plant-based products have been breaking into the foodie mainstream in the United States, after years in which vegan (素食的) burgers and milk alternatives knocked on the market’s door. That is partly because more companies are targeting people who seek to reduce the amount of meat they eat, rather than forswear it altogether.
Now, as fish alternatives begin to attract investment and land at restaurants in the United States and beyond, people who track the fishless fish sector say that it could achieve significant growth.
One reason, they say, is that consumers in rich countries are becoming more aware of the seafood industry’s environmental problems, including overfishing and the health risks of some seafood. Another is that today’s plant-based companies do a better job of approaching fish flavor than earlier ones did—an important consideration for non-vegetarians (非素食者).
“There are a number of people already looking at alternative hamburgers,” said Joshua Katz, an analyst at the consulting firm McKinsey who has studied the alt-protein (替代蛋白) industry. “You might actually say, ‘I should work on something else.’ And seafood is still a massive market with convincing reasons to work on.” People who reduce their consumption of animal proteins for environmental reasons often stop eating red meat, which requires enormous amounts of land and water to farm.
But alt-fish advocates say that seafood also comes with environmental problems. Unsustainable fishing practices have destroyed fisheries (鱼汤) in recent decades, a problem both for biodiversity and the millions of people who depend on the sea for income and food.
“It’s simply a smarter way to make seafood,” says Mirte Gosker, the acting managing director of the Good Food Institute Asia-Pacific, a nonprofit advocacy group that promotes alternative proteins. “Full stop.”
So far plant-based seafood products in the United States account for only 0.1 percent of the country’s seafood sales, less than 1.4 percent of the U.S. meat market occupied by plant-based meat alternatives. But alt-seafood enterprises worldwide received at least $83 million from investors in 2020, compared with $1 million three years earlier. As of this June, 83 companies were producing alt-seafood products around the world, a nearly threefold rise since 2017. All but 18 of those 83 companies focus on plant-based products. A dozen others are developing lab-grown seafood, which is not yet commercially available in any country.
60．What does the underlined word “forswear” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Sample. B．Consume. C．Produce. D．Abandon.
61．Which aspect of seafood do non-vegetarians focus on?
A．The health risks. B．The protein intake.
C．The taste and mouthfeel. D．The overfishing problem.
62．What is Mirte Gosker’s tone when he says “Full stop” in paragraph 6?
A．Determined. B．Concerned. C．Humorous. D．Enthusiastic.
63．What do the figures in the last paragraph mainly show?
A．Seafood companies are struggling.
B．Plant-based meat products will be a trend.
C．Alt-seafood products have a promising future.
D．Seafood will be commercially available soon.

Nowadays, instead of scrolling (滚屏) through apps like TikTok and Instagram all day on a smartphone, many people begin to use a so-called “dumb phone ” according to the latest report, and seventeen-year-old Robin West is one of them.
Dumb phones are basic devices, with very limited functionality compared to an iPhone. Typically, you can only make and receive calls and text messages. And if you are lucky, you can also listen to the radio and take very basic photos, but definitely you cannot connect to the Internet or apps.
Robin West’s decision to rid himself of the former smartphone two years ago was out of a sudden urge. “I didn’t notice how much a smartphone was taking over my life until I bought a dumb phone. I had a lot of social media apps on it, and I didn’t get much work done as I was always on my phone.” He said that he would never buy another smartphone. “I don’t think my dumb phone limits me; I’m definitely more active,” he added.
Outdated for a while with the appearance of smartphones, dumb phones are now regaining popularity. A 2021 study said that one in ten mobile phone users in the UK had a dumb phone. “Many of us once had a dumb phone as our first mobile phone and TikTok videos remind us of that, so it’s natural that we feel a sense of nostalgia (怀旧) towards these classic markers, which have a part to play in dumb phones’ revival (再流行),” said a mobile expert.
One maker of dumb phones is The Light Phone. Slightly cleverer than the norm for such products, it has handsets that do allow users to listen to music and podcasts, and connect by Bluetooth to headphones. Yet the firm promised that its phones “will never have social media click bait news, email or a web browser”.
Light co-founder, Kaiwei Tang, says that, surprisingly, the firm’s main customers are aged between 25 and 35. He says he was expecting buyers to be much older. Tech expert, Prof. Sandra Wachter, says it is understandable that some of us are looking for simpler mobile phones. “Smartphones always want to grab our attention with updates, breaking news and the like constantly disrupting (扰乱) our day.”
64．What does Robin West probably fail to do on his dumb phone?
A．Make a call to his friend.
B．Have access to the radio.
C．Store photos in the album.
D．Visit social networking pages.
65．Why do many people start to use dumb phones according to the mobile expert?
A．They are very easy to operate.
B．They can impact people’s life.
C．They come into fashion again.
D．They make people recall old days.
66．What’s Prof. Sandra Wachter’s attitude towards people’s using dumb phones?
A．Flexible. B．Supportive. C．Confused. D．Doubtful.
67．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The return of dumb phones
B．The popularity of smartphones
C．The marketing strategies of phones
D．The intense competition between phones

As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.
Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification (沙漠化). “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated (巩固) her dream of fighting the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy (理念) into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
68．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her?
A．They made her decide to leave the country.
B．They helped her better understand her father.
C．They aroused her enthusiasm for helping others.
D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
69．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland?
A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution. C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage.
70．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia?
A．To create job opportunities for young people.
B．To help the children obtain a basic education.
C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D．To promote the protection of their farmland.
71．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Saving Water in Tunisia B．Holding back the Sahara
C．Planting Trees of Native Species D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa

Cerebral palsy(脑瘫)is the most common motor disability in children. The condition,which affects about 1 in 345 children, can make daily activities like walking, eating, or even lifting a cup difficult. A team of researchers from the University of California, Riverside (UCR) hopes to reduce the daily struggles with robotic clothing that will allow kids with cerebral palsy to better control their arm movements.
Wearable robotic units to help people with mobility issues have been around for many years. However, they are rigid and uncomfortable to wear. The UCR team plans to use light-weight materials to create a robotic sleeve that is cheap, durable, and, most importantly, comfortable to wear on a daily basis.
“Hard materials don’t interact well with humans,” said Jonathan Realmuto, UCR assistant professor of mechanical engineering and project lead. “What we’re going for by using materials like nylon and elastic are essentially robotic clothing.”
The scientists envision the robotic sleeves to have sealed areas that can be inflated. When filled with air,they would become temporarily rigid and provide the force needed for movement. The clothing will be fitted with sensors to detect small muscle contractions and anticipate what the wearer wants to do. The inflated bladders(气囊) will then help move the arm to complete the intended action.
“If we can help kids brush their own teeth, pour water or open doors, actions that others take for granted, it’s a huge win for them,” Realmuto said. “And it’s also a huge win for their families and caretakers.”
The UCR engineers are not the only ones working on soft robotic clothing to help those with motor disabilities. San Francisco-based startup CIONIC is on a similar mission. The company’s first product, the CIONIC Neural Sleeve, is designed to improve mobility for people with conditions like cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Jeremiah Robison, the founder of CIONIC, was inspired to develop the product after seeing his daughter struggle with cerebral palsy.
72．What is the disadvantage of previous robotic clothing?
A．They are uncomfortable to wear.
B．They are not easy to carry around.
C．They aren’t environmentally friendly.
D．They aren’t affordable for most families.
73．What improvement is being made to the existing robotic clothing?
A．Easy operation. B．Adjustable design.
C．Soft material. D．Simple structure.
74．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Why bladders are needed in the new unit.
B．How the improved robotic clothing works.
C．What material is used in the robotic sleeves.
D．What difficulty cerebral palsy patients have.
75．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The UCR is teaming up with the CIONIC．
B．Soft robotic clothing is an emerging industry.
C．The CIONIC Neural Sleeve is quite popular.
D．Robison made robotic clothing for his family first.

Changing the wording about expiration dates (保质期) on food items of easily going bad — which is currently unregulated (缺乏监管) and widely variable — could help reduce food waste, according to a new Cornell University study.
This work results from the “wild west” landscape of food date labels which is expected to be driven, to a large extent, by manufacturers’ (制造商) strong wish to sell more products. It is important for both the government’s decisions regarding date labels and the market impacts of reducing food waste.
A survey of consumers found that certain wording — “best by,” as opposed to “best if used by,” for example — had the possibility to reduce food waste, but that result differed depending on the type of food in question. The easier food is to go bad, the more likely it is to be thrown away.
“There are no practical rules about food date labels in the U.S. If you go into the yogurt section at a U.S. grocery store, you would see various date labels — ‘use by’, ‘best by’, ‘best if used by’, ‘fresh by’, or ‘sell by’, etc. Some consumers might smell the food to see if it is still good, while others might just look at the date label and drop it,” said Rickard, leader of the study team. “And the truth is that these date labels are not food safety dates; they’re just food quality dates.”
The 15 food items selected for the survey, including bread, cookies, chicken, packaged salad greens and canned soup, all typically use date labels with different wording variations. Survey results showed an increase in throwing intentions with the “use by” and the “sell by” date label, inferring that food with these date labels was more often thrown and replaced. So they think that the word “use” spoke more directly to the food safety impact of consuming food past the date listed on the package, and could therefore lead to an increase in food waste. However, the wording “best by” seemed to refer only to food quality beyond a certain date and led to less waste.
76．What is probably the main reason for so many date labels in the U.S.?
A．The government wants to monitor the market.
B．The producers intend to increase the food sales.
C．The sellers tend to meet the needs of consumers.
D．The manufacturers hope to ensure the food quality.
77．Which wording on the date labels may help reduce food waste?
A．“Best by”. B．“Sell by”. C．“Use by”. D．“Best if used by”.
78．Why is the yogurt section at a grocery store mentioned?
A．To solve a problem. B．To give a warning.
C．To offer some advice. D．To prove a fact.
79．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Similar Date Labels Mislead Shoppers
B．Words Matter in Food Safety Messaging
C．The Correct View of Consumption Is Important
D．The U.S. Is Taking Measures to Reduce Food Waste




参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了娱乐恐惧的概念、好处及作者的建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“So, yes, fear is a feel-bad emotion, but also the engine in a whole range of pleasurable activities and behaviors, which inspire what we can call recreational fear. (所以，是的，恐惧是一种让人感觉不好的情绪，也是一系列愉快活动和行为的引擎，这些活动和行为激发了我们所谓的娱乐性恐惧)”可知，恐惧也是一系列愉快活动和行为的引擎，这些活动和行为激发了我们所谓的娱乐恐惧。因此，坐海盗船符合娱乐恐惧的特点。此外，海盗船与第二段中提到的roller coasters(过山车)同属一类娱乐设施。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容，尤其第二句“When an organism plays, it learns important skills and develops strategies for survival. (当一个有机体玩耍时，它会学习重要的技能并制定生存策略)”可知，娱乐恐惧有助于提高生存技能。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“For instance, it was found that people who watch many horror movies exhibited better psychological resilience (承受力) during the first COVID-19 lockdown than people who stay away from scary movies. (例如，研究发现，在第一次新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间，经常看恐怖电影的人比不看恐怖电影的人表现出更好的心理承受力)”可知，该例子是为了解释前一句，也是该段的主题句“In the studies of engagement with recreational fear, we’ve seen it improve people’s ability to cope with stress and anxiety. (在对娱乐恐惧的研究中, 我们发现它能提高人们应对压力和焦虑的能力)”。由此推知，作者举例子的目的是为了证明娱乐恐惧能让我们内心强大。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With these in mind, we should maybe think twice about protecting kids and young people too zealously (热衷地) from playful forms of fear. They’ll end up in the real world sooner or later, and they will be better equipped if they’ve at least pretended to be there before. (考虑到这些，我们也许应该三思而后行，保护孩子和年轻人免受嬉戏的恐惧。他们迟早会出现在现实世界中，如果他们以前至少假装在那里，他们的装备会更好)”可知，作者建议家长们，不要过于热衷保护孩子和年轻人而不让他们体验娱乐恐惧。由此推知，作者对娱乐恐惧的态度是积极的。故选A。
5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Christian Beer教授进行的一项新研究发现，如果北极有足够的动物，80% 的永久冻土可以保存到至少2100年。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s because reintroducing these grazing animals (食草动物) can slow down the rate of permafrost melting (永冻土融化) and global warming.(这是因为重新引进这些食草动物可以减缓永久冻土融化和全球变暖的速度。)”可知，食草动物被重新引进引入北极是为了减缓永久冻土融化，即保护永久冻土。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“A new study conducted by Professor Christian Beer has found that if there are enough animals in the Arctic, 80% of the permafrost could be kept until at least 2100.(Christian Beer教授进行的一项新研究发现，如果北极有足够的动物，80% 的永久冻土可以保存到至少2100年)”和划线单词所在句子“It was inspired by an experiment carried out by a scientist named Sergey Zimov.(它的灵感来自于一位名叫Sergey Zimov的科学家进行的一项实验)”可推知，it代指上文提到的Christian Beer的研究。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He had believed that because of the warming climate of the Arctic region, the melting permafrost would give off greenhouse gases that had been trapped in the soil for thousands of years, and it would increase the amount of warming and start an endless cycle. (他相信，由于北极地区的气候变暖，融化的永久冻土会释放出埋藏在土壤中数千年的温室气体，这会加剧气候变暖，并开始无休止的循环)”可知，如果永久冻土继续融化，它将释放更多的温室气体。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Today, we have an average of 5 reindeer per square kilometer across the Arctic. With 15 reindeer per square kilometer, we could save 70% of the permafrost. If we were able to maintain the high animal density (密度) like in Zimov’s Pleistocene Park, would that be good enough to save permafrost under the strongest warming? Yes, it could work for 80% of the region,” said Beer.(“今天，我们在北极地区平均每平方千米有5只驯鹿。如果每个平方千米养15只驯鹿，我们就可以拯救70% 的永久冻土。如果我们能够像齐莫夫的Pleistocene Park那样保持高动物密度，这是否足以在全球变暖最严重的情况下拯救永久冻土？是的，它可以适用于该地区80% 的地区，”Beer说)”可知，Christian Beer认为重新引入食草动物能在全球变暖最严重的情况下拯救永久冻土。由此推知，他认为引进食草动物会带来一个有希望的结果。故选B。
9．B 10．D 11．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了今年食品与营养大会和博览会（FNCE）的一些新增内容。
9．细节理解题。根据Extra Networking Event.部分中的“You asked for more networking opportunities, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics listened! Immediately following Opening Session on Saturday, October 26, from 6p. m. to 7p.m., there will be a special networking opportunity in the Grand Hall of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. (你要求更多的人际交往机会，营养与营养学会听从了你的要求！紧接着10月26日星期六的开幕式，从下午6点开始到下午7点。在费城会议中心大厅将有一个特别的交流机会)”可知，在费城会议中心大厅你可以找到交流的机会。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据More Learning Styles. 部分中的“The Conversation Series in Room 114 Lecture Hall will feature in-depth one-on-one conversations with experts, leaders and innovators on topics including leadership, emerging technologies and more. (114演讲厅的对话系列将与专家、领导者和创新者就领导力、新兴技术等话题进行深入的一对一对话)”可知，对话系列为你提供了一个与专家直接交谈的机会。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“From inspirational keynote sessions to hot topics and networking events, everything you know and love about the Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo (FNCE) is included in this year’s program — plus these amazing new additions!(从鼓舞人心的主题演讲到热门话题和社交活动，你所知道和喜爱的关于食品与营养大会和博览会（FNCE）的一切都包括在今年的活动中——还有这些令人惊叹的新增内容！)”可知，文章主要介绍了今年食品与营养大会和博览会（FNCE）的一些新增内容。由此推知，文章的目的是吸引更多人参加2023年的FNCE。故选D。
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在被烧毁的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区，可能会出现降温。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. (这一发现表明，采取措施防止北部森林火灾以限制温室气体的释放可能会使北部地区的气候变暖。)”可知，根据新的发现，采取措施预防北部森林火灾可能导致气候变暖。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. (然而，第二年春天，由于覆盖地面的树木减少，火灾区域内的土地比火灾前更明亮。地面上的雪将更多的阳光反射回太空，从而导致降温。)”可知，第二年春天地面上的雪才将更多的阳光反射回太空，因此这不是森林火灾后的即时效应（immediate effects）。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. (其他科学家的早期研究表明，北部地区的火灾会加速气候变暖，因为燃烧树木和植物产生的温室气体会释放到大气中，从而锁住热量。)”可知，其他科学家早先的研究表明，北方地区的火灾会加速气候变暖。故选A。
15．词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话“Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. (地球吸收的阳光往往会导致变暖，而反射回太空的热量往往会导致冷却。)”以及划线短语所在句子 “Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. (具体来说，他们确定，当火灾比预测提前20年再次发生时，地球每平方米燃烧的面积会soaked up0.5瓦的温室气体，但每平方米0.9瓦的热量会被送回太空。)”可知，这里的soaked up表示“吸收”。A. released释放；B. absorbed吸收；C. created创造；D. distributed打扰。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. (与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在被烧毁的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区，可能会出现降温。)”可知，与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪反射更多的阳光进入太空的地区，可能会出现降温。故选D。
17．B 18．A 19．A 20．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了25岁的Policano发起了Invisible Hands Deliver组织，与志愿者一起帮助老年人和其他处境危险的个人购买食品和处方药等，使人们在疫情期间与他人得以保持安全距离。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Unexpectedly, many responded to her post, expressing their interest to volunteer as well.  As a result of that outreach, one of her friends, Liam Elkind joined Policano. They decided to start an initiative called Invisible Hands Deliver.(出乎意料的是，许多人回复了她的帖子，表达了他们对志愿者的兴趣。作为这次拓展的结果，她的一个朋友，Liam Elkind加入了Policano。他们决定发起一项名为Invisible Hands Deliver的组织。)”可推知，Simone Policano建立Invisible Hands Deliver的目的是把志同道合的志愿者聚集在一起。故选B。
18．词句猜测题。根据画线短语所在句子“As the pandemic began to take its toll on New York in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. (2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约take its toll，Invisible Hands Deliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“take its toll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Their acts of kindness have also inspired similar networks to sprout up worldwide. Invisible Hands Deliver is also supported by other organizations. (他们的善举也激发了类似的网络在世界范围内萌芽。其他组织也支持“无形之手传递”组织。)”可知，Invisible Hands Deliver组织已经引起了广泛的关注。故选A。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Helmed by a team of college students and recent graduates, Invisible Hands Deliver has shown that one is never too young to make a difference and give back to the community.(在一群大学生和刚毕业的大学生的帮助下，Invisible Hands Deliver已经表明，一个人要想有所作为，回馈社会，多年轻都可以。)”可知，Invisible Hands Deliver组织由一群大学生和刚毕业的大学生组织，来帮助老年人和其他处境危险的个人购买食品和处方药等，使人们在疫情期间与他人得以保持安全距离。这说明团结的力量很大，由此可知，作者想通过这篇文章传达B项“众人拾柴火焰高”，故选B。


21．B 22．A 23．A 24．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明患有阅读障碍的人擅长探索未知事物，我们应将阅读障碍重新定义为一种差异，通过推动探索性学习去解决这类人群的困难，发挥他们的优势。
21．细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容，尤其是第一段中“People with dyslexia (阅读障碍) have brains that are suitable for exploring the unknown, a trait that’s been important to the survival and success of humans.(患有阅读障碍的人的大脑适合探索未知，这一特征对人类的生存和成功非常重要)”可知，患有阅读障碍的人擅长探索未知事物。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中Taylor的话“Learning to read, write or play the piano are all skills that are dependent on procedural memory(学习阅读、写作或弹钢琴都是依赖于程序记忆的技能)”可知，阅读文章、写歌、弹钢琴的技能都依赖于程序记忆，背诵诗歌不依赖于程序记忆。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead, we could nurture ‘explorative learning’ — learning through discovery, invention, and creativity, which would work more to their strengths.(相反，我们可以培养“探索性学习”——通过发现、发明和创造来学习，这将更能发挥他们的优势)”可知，将阅读障碍重新定义为一种差异需要我们推动探索性的学习，发挥患有阅读障碍的人的优势。故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“People with dyslexia (阅读障碍) have brains that are suitable for exploring the unknown, a trait that’s been important to the survival and success of humans.(患有阅读障碍的人的大脑适合探索未知，这一特征对人类的生存和成功非常重要)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要介绍了研究表明患有阅读障碍的人擅长探索未知事物，善于发明与创造，因此我们应将阅读障碍重新定义为一种差异。由此可知，项“有阅读障碍的人：潜在的发明家”符合文章大意。故选C项。
25．A 26．D 27．C 28．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明随机做出善意举动的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度，因此建议我们运用自己所能去帮助他人。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But the warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from the barista who didn’t know what she was going through, moved her deeply. “Of course, I was still really sad,” Erin said. “But that little thing made the rest of my day.”（但是，那个不知道她正在经历什么的咖啡师，用一个小小的、意想不到的举动表达的温暖深深地打动了她。Erin说：“当然，我还是很难过。但那件小事让我度过了余下的一天。”）”和第二段开头的“New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, confirm just how powerful experiences like Erin’s can be.（发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的新发现证实了像Erin这样的经历有多么强大。）”可知，第一段中Erin的经历表明了不经意的友善的举动可以给接受者带来巨大的触动，第二段开始引入本文的主体内容：一项针对这种不经意的友善的举动的研究。由此可知，作者在第一段中提到Erin的经历是为了介绍话题。故选A项。
26．推理判题。根据第三段中“In one experiment, people were told they could give a cupcake away to strangers, and were asked to rate their own mood as well as how they believed the receivers would feel. The researchers found that those who got a cupcake as a result of a random act of kindness felt better than the person on the giving end thought they would.（在一项实验中，人们被告知他们可以把一个纸杯蛋糕送给陌生人，并被要求评价自己的情绪以及他们认为接受者的感受。研究人员发现，那些因为随机的善举而得到纸杯蛋糕的人感觉比给予的人想象的要好。）”可知，在该研究中，送纸杯蛋糕的人的感受、他们认为的接受者的感受会和接受者真实的感受被进行比较。由此可知，实验通过比较感受进行。故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s about: What skills and talents do you already have? And how can you turn that into an offering for other people?（它是关于：你已经拥有哪些技能和才能？你怎么能把它变成对别人的奉献？）”可知，Marisa Franco建议人们运用自己已有的能力和技能去帮助他人。故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项研究表明随机做出善意举动的人往往会低估接受者的感激程度，因此无论善意有多微小，我们都可以运用自己所能去帮助他人。因此，C项“无论多么微小，都践行善意”符合文章主旨。故选C项。
29．D 30．B 31．D 32．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么作者认为回收对于可持续未来不那么重要。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While recycling is an important part of the solution, it is not necessarily the most important factor. Therefore, I disagree that recycling is the key to a sustainable(可持续的) future.(虽然回收利用是解决方案的重要组成部分，但它不一定是最重要的因素。因此，我不同意回收利用是可持续未来的关键)”可知，作者写这篇文章主要是想表达自己与科学家们持有相反的观点，所以是为了表达自己的想法。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In addition, a dependence on recycling can take attention away from reducing and reusing, which are more effective in lowering missions(排放) and in turn helping to create a sustainable future. Therefore, it would do us a lot of good if we focus on thee other high-priority solutions rather than simply recycling. (此外，对回收利用的依赖可能会分散对减少和再利用的注意力，而减少和再利用在降低任务排放方面更有效，从而有助于创造一个可持续发展的未来。因此，如果我们把重点放在其他三个高优先级的解决方案上，而不是简单地回收利用，这将对我们有很大的好处)”可知，三个优先方案为减少使用、再利用和降低排放。并没有讲到完全停止使用塑料，故排除A项；C和D项都指的是“回收”，排除。所以其他高级的行为就是：减少使用高排放汽车。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“While it is true that recycling is a valuable tool in the fight against climate change, it is not the key.(虽然回收利用确实是对抗气候变化的一个有价值的工具，但它不是关键)”和最后一段“It is but a small part of an interconnected web of solutions, which on its own cannot accomplish much,(这只是一个相互关联的解决方案网络的一小部分，它本身不能取得很大的成就)”可知，作者认为回收在维持地球生存中起着很小的作用，所以回收不那么重要。故选D项。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Having said that, recycling is still beneficial. It is but a small part of an interconnected web of solutions, which on its own cannot accomplish much, but together with other efforts, can truly create a sustainable future for us all.(话虽如此，回收利用仍然是有益的。这只是一个相互关联的解决方案网络的一小部分，它本身不能取得很大的成就，但与其他努力一起，可以真正为我们所有人创造一个可持续的未来)”可知，作者认为可持续的未来的关键是所有解决方案共同努力。故选C项。
33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“孩子的祖父母与孩子的父母共同抚养孩子”的现象的调查。调查发现：当孩子的父母与祖父母关系密切时，这种共同抚养关系会使孩子受益。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“The questionnaire asked about positive aspects of the parent-grandparent coparenting relationship, like how much they agreed and felt close as well as challenging aspects like how much they had conflict in front of the child. (调查问卷询问了父母和祖父母之间养育关系的积极方面，比如他们在多大程度上同意并感到亲密，以及具有挑战性的方面，比如他们在孩子面前发生了多少冲突)”可知，问卷调查涉及共同抚养关系中积极的方面，由此推断祖父母给予的支持属于积极的方面。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据文章首段末句“These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents. (这些研究表明，当父母与祖父母有密切的关系时，孩子会受益)”、第四段末句“And when mothers are feeling more confident, they can approach parenting with more positivity, which can boost their children’s social development. (当母亲们感到更自信时，她们可以更积极地对待育儿，这可以促进孩子的社会发展。”以及尾段末句“But grandparents’ involvement in children’s upbringing can bring great benefits for families and grandparents themselves. (但是祖父母参与孩子的抚养可以给家庭和祖父母自己带来很大的好处)”可知，研究发现良好的共同抚养关系会让孩子受益。故选C。
35．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段画线词前句“Parent-grandparent coparenting also seems to influence other aspects of children’s development, such as preschoolers’ effortful control—their ability to regulate how they respond to a situation and notice novelty or mistakes.( 父母和祖父母的养育方式似乎也会影响孩子发展的其他方面，比如学龄前儿童的努力控制能力——他们调节自己如何应对某种情况、注意到新奇事物或错误的能力)”和所在句子“For preschoolers, it might come into play when they get a gift they don’t like, or have to figure out how to share toys.(对于学龄前儿童来说，当他们收到不喜欢的礼物，或者必须弄清楚如何分享玩具时，这可能会发挥作用)”可知，父母和祖父母的共同养育会影响孩子的努力控制能力，因此当孩子收到不喜欢的礼物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具时，这种控制力可能就会发挥作用。所以代词it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。故选A。
36．主旨大意题。文章在首段末句“These studies suggest that children benefit when parents have strong relationships with coparenting grandparents. (这些研究表明，当父母与祖父母有密切的关系时，孩子会受益)”提出调查结果：在孩子的祖父母与父母关系良好的情况下，共同抚养对孩子是有益的；然后详细介绍了这项调查，最后在文章末尾再次重申这个观点，由此推断D选项“What Happens When Grandparents Help Raise Children. (当祖父母帮助抚养孩子时会发生什么)”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。
37．B 38．D 39．A 40．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassandra Campbell的作品情况以及个人经历。
37．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cassandra Campbell has narrated (叙述) 900 audiobooks (有声读物), so it comes as no surprise that it’s a pleasure to interview her by phone, with a voice that’s both comfortable and powerful. Her recent projects include Golem Girl by Riva Lehrer, True Story by Kate Reed Petty and Eat the Buddha by Barbara Demick, but she is perhaps best known for her narration of Where the Crawdads Sing, which is now in its 27th month on the best-seller list for audio stories.(卡桑德拉·坎贝尔已经解说了900本有声读物，所以用她舒适而有力的声音对她进行电话采访是一件令人愉快的事情，这一点也不奇怪。她最近的作品包括里瓦·莱勒的《魔像女孩》、凯特·里德·佩蒂的《真实故事》和芭芭拉·戴米克的《吃佛》，但她最出名的可能是她对《小龙虾在哪里唱歌》的叙述，这本书已经在有声故事畅销书排行榜上排名第27个月了)”可知，第一段主要讲了坎贝尔的成就。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据第一段中“but she is perhaps best known for her narration of Where the Crawdads Sing, which is now in its 27th month on the best-seller list for audio stories.(但她最出名的可能是她对《小龙虾在哪里唱歌》的叙述，这本书已经在有声故事畅销书排行榜上排名第27个月了)”可知，坎贝尔最出名的有声书是Where the Crawdads Sing。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段““My mum grew up there, so I’ve done a lot of books set there,” says Campbell, a Connecticut native whose two interests, acting and reading, were inspired by her father’s work as a theatre critic for The Hart ford Courant.(坎贝尔说：“我妈妈在那里长大，所以我写了很多以那里为背景的书。”坎贝尔是康涅狄格州人，她的两大兴趣——表演和阅读——灵感来自于她父亲在《哈特福德新闻报》担任戏剧评论家的工作)”可知，父亲的工作激发了坎贝尔的两个兴趣。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据第四段“Campbell has never had any contact with Owens, but she feels closely connected with the story of a motherless girl who is left to take care of herself in the wild. “There was one section where the girl goes out of the marsh, and it was so beautifully written and so clear,” she says. “The scientific descriptions of the natural world were really attractive to me.”(坎贝尔从未与欧文斯有过任何接触，但她觉得自己与一个失去母亲的女孩在野外照顾自己的故事密切相关。她说：“有一段是关于女孩走出沼泽的，写得非常漂亮，非常清晰。对自然世界的科学描述真的很吸引我。”)”可知，坎贝尔对欧文斯的小说评价很高。故选C。
41．A 42．C 43．D 44．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了一个关注社会问题的艺术家以及她的一幅作品。
41．细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“Her art focuses on women, the elderly, people who are experiencing homelessness, and clothing industry workers.”（她的作品重点关注妇女、老年人、无家可归的人和服装行业的工人）可知，Wong的作品所关注的是社会问题，故选A项。
42．推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“Through her art, she helps us see what is right before our eyes.”（通过她的艺术，她帮助我们看眼前的世界。）及文第四段最后一句“Art is a comfortable way to bring people together to talk about difficult issues.”（艺术是一种让人们聚在一起谈论困难问题的舒适方式。）可知，她认为艺术可以帮助人们更加清楚地看待这个世界，故选C项。
43．细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“I was inspired by the artist’s meetings with an Asian-American woman in her neighborhood. During early morning runs, Wong noticed the woman, who was more than 90 years old, collecting deserted cans and bottles in the dustbins behind her apartment building.”（我的灵感来自这位艺术家与附近一位亚裔美国女性的偶遇。在清晨跑步时，Wong注意到这名90多岁的女子正在公寓楼后面的垃圾箱里收集废弃的罐子和瓶子。）可知，作者的灵感来自于一个艰难生活的老年妇女，故选D项。
44．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Why does the elderly canner have hope, while the homeless person doesn’t?”（为什么捡瓶子的老年人可以有希望，而无家可归的人却没有？）可知，作者的对捡瓶子的老年人是认同的，故选C项。
45．B 46．A 47．C 48．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新机器人ChatGPT，包括其优、缺点，存在的问题以及其货币化。
45．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In fact, Stack Overflow — a Q&A website for coders and programmers — didn’t allow users to share information from ChatGPT, saying that it’s “harmful to the site and to users who are asking or looking for correct answers.”(事实上，Stack Overflow——一个面向程序员和程序员的问答网站——不允许用户分享来自ChatGPT的信息，称这“对网站和询问或寻找正确答案的用户有害”。)”可知，作者提及Stack Overflow是想表明ChatGPT对一些寻找正确答案的用户有负面影响。故选B项。
46．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““While we’ve made efforts to make the model refuse unsuitable requests, it will sometimes respond to harmful instructions or exhibit biased behavior,”(开发ChatGPT的OpenAI公司在其网站上表示:“虽然我们已经努力让模型拒绝不合适的请求，但它有时会对有害的指令做出反应或表现出偏见行为。”)”和后文描述可知，本段主要OpenAI为改进所做的努力。故选A项。
47．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Still, Lian Jye Su, a research director at market research company ABI Research, warns the chatbot is operating “without understanding the context of the language.”(尽管如此，市场研究公司ABI research的研究总监苏连杰警告说，聊天机器人的操作“没有理解语言的上下文”。)”可知，ChatGPT这种聊天机器人会出现问题主要是因为它们没有彻底了解上下文，所以不能做出正确的反应。故选C项。
48．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“While ChatGPT is free, it does put a limit on the number of questions a user can raise before having to pay. When Elon Musk, a co-founder of OpenAI, recently asked Altman on Twitter about the average cost per ChatGPT chat, Altman said: “We will have to monetize(货币化) it somehow at some point; (虽然ChatGPT是免费的，但它确实限制了用户在付费之前可以提出的问题数量。当OpenAI的联合创始人埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)最近在Twitter上问奥特曼每次聊天的平均成本时，奥特曼说:“我们必须在某个时候以某种方式将其货币化)”可知，如果想更好地使用ChatGPT，需要付费。而当马斯克询问另一个创始人每次聊天的平均成本，奥特曼认为必须要收费，因为成本问题。由此可以推测出，计算成本一定非常高。故选A项。
49．C 50．C 51．B 52．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美洲狮因为近亲繁殖和遗传退化导致基因越来越差，于是洛杉矶将打算建造野生动物走廊，来解决这一问题。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段“But big cats and highways do not mix, which is why Los Angeles will soon be home to one of the world’s biggest wildlife corridors (走廊). Last month the governor of California, Gavin Newsom, launched construction (发起建设).(但是大型猫科动物和高速公路是不能共存的，这就是为什么洛杉矶将很快成为世界上最大的野生动物走廊之一的原因。上个月，加州州长Gavin Newsom启动了建设)”可知，走廊得到了加州州长的支持。故选C。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet animals can be in danger without habitat loss. Genetic degradation (基因退化) can be just as deadly.(然而，即使动物处于危险之中，栖息地也不会丧失。基因退化同样是致命的)”以及第三段“The result is a population trapped with inbreeding and genetic degradation.(结果是种群陷入近亲繁殖和遗传退化的困境)”可知，美洲狮会有危险因为它们的基因越来越差。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据第四段“The Florida panther escaped extinction only thanks to the introduction of females brought from Texas to refresh the gene pool.(多亏了从德克萨斯州引进的雌性美洲豹来更新基因库，佛罗里达美洲豹才得以免于灭绝)”可知，美洲狮问题的解决办法是从其他州引进雌性狮子。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据第一段“Los Angeles is a noodle bowl of highways. It’s also one of the only two cities in the world where big cats walk wild inside the city boundaries (边界). But big cats and highways do not mix, which is why Los Angeles will soon be home to one of the world’s biggest wildlife corridors (走廊). Last month the governor of California, Gavin Newsom, launched construction (发起建设).(洛杉矶是一个高速公路的面条碗。它也是世界上仅有的两个城市之一，大型猫科动物在城市边界内野生行走。但是大型猫科动物和高速公路是不能共存的，这就是为什么洛杉矶将很快成为世界上最大的野生动物走廊之一的原因。上个月，加州州长Gavin Newsom启动了建设)”结合文章主要说明了美洲狮因为近亲繁殖和遗传退化导致基因越来越差，于是洛杉矶将打算建造野生动物走廊，来解决这一问题。可推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。故选D。
53．C 54．B 55．C 56．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了户外运动的好处。
53．推理判断题。根据第一段“Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes, and our perceptual(感知的)systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.(户外运动的许多心理益处已经确立。我们的大脑是在自然环境中进化而来的，我们的感知系统特别适合野外的环境)”可推知，第一段主要为了显示出户外运动公认的好处。故选C。
54．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Supporting this theory, one study found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being exposed to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. (为了支持这一理论，一项研究发现，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童，在公园散步20分钟后要比在一个保持良好的城市地区的街道上散步能够更好地集中注意力。暴露在草地和树木中似乎对他们的思想有益。)”可知，作者通过比较不同环境下的行走，来表明自然景色能够提供完美的刺激，故选B。

55．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help children to find ways to cope with emotions that maybe hard to explore in other environments. So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of counselling for children who are struggling to verbal is e their emotional state.(所谓的“沙盘疗法”，是用沙子和粘土来表达一个人的想法和感受，这是一种辅导那些难以说出自己情绪状态的孩子的可接受的形式。)”可知，沙盘疗法的好处是孩子能用沙子来表达自己的想法，故选C。
56．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The latest findings, however, suggest there could be a host of other advantages to playing in natural environments — and the secret maybe alive in the mud itself.(然而，最新的研究结果表明，在自然环境中游戏可能还有其他许多优势——秘密可能存在于泥浆中。)”可知，最新的研究结果表明，在自然环境中游戏可能还有其他许多优势，破折号是用来解释说明前文的，由此可推知，作者说“秘密可能存在于泥浆中”这句话是在说户外运动会带来意想不到的好处。故选A。


57．B 58．C 59．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了芝加哥的必吃的三明治以及它们的发源年份、配料和代表性门店。
57．细节理解题。根据Italian beef sandwich中的“Known around the city simply as a “beef”, this giant sandwich piles thinly sliced roast beef and green peppers on brown French bread, which has roots in the Italian American community in 1938.(这个巨大的三明治在城市里被简单地称为“牛肉”，它把切成薄片的烤牛肉和青椒堆在棕色的法国面包上，起源于1938年的意大利裔美国人社区)”、Italian sub中的“Chicago’s version originates from Vincenzo Graziano’s first sandwich store in 1922, who came to Chicago in 1905 without any money. (芝加哥版的三明治起源于1922年文森佐·格拉齐亚诺的第一家三明治店，1905年，他身无分文地来到芝加哥)”、Reuben中的“Made with roasted beef, Swiss cheese and salted vegetables, the Reuben was invented in the Blackstone Hotel in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925 and won the National Sandwich Idea Contest in 1956. (1925年，内布拉斯加州奥马哈的黑石酒店发明了鲁本三明治，用烤牛肉、瑞士奶酪和咸菜制成，并于1956年赢得了全国三明治创意大赛。)”和Chicago-style hot dog中的“Dating back to 1929, a Chicago Red Hot is made up of nine ingredients(原料). (1929年，芝加哥红热由九种原料组成)”可知，在四种必吃的芝加哥三明治中，Italian sub历史最悠久。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据Reuben中的“Made with roasted beef, Swiss cheese and salted vegetables, the Reuben was invented in the Blackstone Hotel in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925 and won the National Sandwich Idea Contest in 1956. At Manny’s, you can taste the classic Reuben served with the award-winning roasted beef, which is the restaurant’s signature. (1925年，内布拉斯加州奥马哈的黑石酒店发明了鲁本三明治，用烤牛肉、瑞士奶酪和咸菜制成，并于1956年赢得了全国三明治创意大赛。在曼尼餐厅，你可以品尝到经典的鲁本和屡获殊荣的烤牛肉，这是餐厅的招牌)”可知，在曼尼餐厅可以品尝到获奖的三明治。故选C。
59．推理判断题。根据第一段“On a hit list of Chicago’s must-eat dishes, you’ll find various meals on bread. (在芝加哥的必吃菜肴清单上，你会发现各种各样的面包餐)”及全文可知，文章通篇介绍了芝加哥的四种必吃的三明治。由此推知，文章来源应该是杂志的旅游部分。故选C。
60．D 61．C 62．A 63．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了植物性产品已成为美国素食家的主流食物替代品，逐渐敲开了市场的大门。
60．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“That is partly because more companies are targeting people who seek to reduce the amount of meat they eat, rather than forswear it altogether. (这在一定程度上是因为越来越多的公司瞄准了那些试图减少肉类摄入量的人，而不是完全____肉类)”可知此处划线单词和前面的动词reduce相呼应，表示肉类的摄入是减少而不是“完全放弃”，因此第一段中带下划线的单词的意思是“D. Abandon放弃”，故选D。
61．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Another is that today’s plant-based companies do a better job of approaching fish flavor than earlier ones did—an important consideration for non-vegetarians (非素食者). (另一个原因是，与早期相比，今天的植物性公司在接近鱼类风味方面做得更好，这是非素食者要考虑的一个重因素)”可知，非素食主义者关注海鲜的味道和口感方面。故选C。
62．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“People who reduce their consumption of animal proteins for environmental reasons often stop eating red meat, which requires enormous amounts of land and water to farm. (由于环境原因减少动物蛋白消费的人通常会停止食用红肉，因为红肉需要大量的土地和水来耕种。) ”以及第六段讲到“It’s simply a smarter way to make seafood (这只是一种更聪明的海鲜制作方法)”可知Mirte Gosker认为这种海鲜制作方法是可行的，因此第六段中说“到此为止，不必多说”时的语气是坚定的，故选A。
63．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“As of this June, 83 companies were producing alt-seafood products around the world, a nearly threefold rise since 2017. All but 18 of those 83 companies focus on plant-based products. (截至今年6月，全球有83家公司生产另类海鲜产品，自2017年以来增长了近三倍。在这83家公司中，除18家外，其余都专注于植物性产品。)”可知，最后一段的数字主要表明了替代海鲜产品前景光明，故选C。
64．D 65．D 66．B 67．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是目前越来越多的人选择使用只有基本功能的简易手机（dumb phone）并分析了出现这一现象的原因。
64．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Typically, you can only make and receive calls and text messages. And if you are lucky, you can also listen to the radio and take very basic photos, but definitely you cannot connect to the Internet or apps.(通常情况下，你只能接打电话和发短信。如果幸运的话，你还可以听收音机，拍一些基本的照片，但绝对不能连接互联网或应用程序。)”可知，简易手机（dumb phone）只有基本手机功能，不能连网，也就不能访问社交网络页面。故选D项。
65．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Many of us once had a dumb phone as our first mobile phone and TikTok videos remind us of that, so it’s natural that we feel a sense of nostalgia (怀旧) towards these classic markers, which have a part to play in dumb phones’ revival (再流行),” said a mobile expert.(一名移动电话专家表示：“我们很多人的第一部手机都曾是哑手机，TikTok视频提醒我们这一点，所以我们很自然地对这些经典标记产生了怀旧感，它们在哑手机的复兴中起到了一定作用”。)”可知，根据手机专家，人们曾使用过简易手机，现在对这些手机怀旧是很自然的，这也在简易手机复兴中起到很大的作用，由此可知，人们之所以使用简易手机是因为这样的手机让人们想到过去。故选D项。
66．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Tech expert, Prof. Sandra Wachter, says it is understandable that some of us are looking for simpler mobile phones. “Smartphones always want to grab our attention with updates, breaking news and the like constantly disrupting (扰乱) our day.”(技术专家Sandra Wachter教授说，我们中的一些人在寻找更简单的手机是可以理解的。“智能手机总是想通过更新、突发新闻等来吸引我们的注意力，不断扰乱我们的生活。”。)”可知，Prof. Sandra Wachter认为智能手机打扰了人们的生活，吸引了人们过多的注意力，所以人们使用选择使用简易手机是可以理解的，由此可推断，Prof. Sandra Wachter应该是支持人们选择使用简易手机。故选B项。
67．主旨大意题。根据首段“Nowadays, instead of scrolling (滚屏) through apps like TikTok and Instagram all day on a smartphone, many people begin to use a so-called “dumb phone ” according to the latest report, and seventeen-year-old Robin West is one of them.(据最新的报告，如今，许多人不再整天在智能手机上浏览TikTok和Instagram等应用程序，而是开始使用所谓的“简易手机”，17岁的罗宾·韦斯特就是其中之一。)”可知，利用举例的方式导入本文讲述的话题，最近，选择使用简易手机的人越来越多，结合第四段中的“Outdated for a while with the appearance of smartphones, dumb phones are now regaining popularity.(随着智能手机的出现，“简易手机”已经过时了一段时间，现在又重新流行起来。)”可知，智能手机的出现导致简易手机过时了一段时间，但是简易手机现在再次受到欢迎，同时还分析了人们选择简易手机的原因，由此可知，本文的标题为“简易手机回归”符合全文的内容、概括了文章的主题。故选A项。
68．C 69．A 70．D 71．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公图米在假期陪伴父亲回突尼斯东部的出生地后，激发了她要帮助当地人的热情，由此创立了Acacias for All项目，种植金合欢树，保护当地农田免遭撒哈拉沙漠吞噬，实践其可持续农业的理念。
68．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. (从9岁起，她就开始在假期陪伴她来自于突尼斯的父亲去突尼斯东部的出生地，这激发了她帮助他人的热情。)”可知，图米去突尼斯度假的经历唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。故选C项。
69．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. (平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业土地受到沙漠化的威胁。)”可知，降雨量少是突尼斯农田沙漠化的主要原因。故选A项。
70．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy (理念) into action. (她搬到突尼斯，并建立了一个名为Acacias for All的项目，将她的可持续农业理念付诸行动。)”，最后一段中“By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民记录其成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金金合欢。)”可知，她创立Acacias for All项目的目的是保护当地的农田。故选D项。
71．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段中“By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民记录其成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金合槐。)”可知，文章讲述的是主人公图米在9岁时，在一次陪伴爸爸回突尼斯家乡时激发了她要帮助当地人的热情，由此创立了Acacias for All项目，种植金合欢树，改善保护当地农田，坚持与沙漠化作斗争，实践其可持续农业的理念。B选项“Holding back the Sahara (阻挡撒哈拉沙漠)”符合文章标题。故选C。
72．A 73．C 74．B 75．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了脑瘫是儿童中常见的运动障碍性疾病，它会使走路、进食、举杯子等日常活动变得困难。加州大学的研究人员正在研究一种软质机器人服装，使脑瘫儿童能够更好地控制他们的手臂运动。
72．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wearable robotic units to help people with mobility issues have been around for many years. However, they are rigid and uncomfortable to wear.”（用于帮助行动不便的人们的可穿戴机器人装置已经出现很多年了。然而，它们很硬，穿起来不舒服。）可知，以前的机器人服装它们穿起来不舒服。故选A项。
73．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句““What we’re going for by using materials like nylon and elastic are essentially robotic clothing.””（“我们使用尼龙和松紧带等材料的目的，本质上是为了制造机器人服装。”）可知，UCR研究团队正在使用尼龙和弹性材料来改进机器人服装的柔软度和舒适度。故选C项。
74．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The scientists envision the robotic sleeves to have sealed areas that can be inflated. When filled with air, they would become temporarily rigid and provide the force needed for movement. The clothing will be fitted with sensors to detect small muscle contractions and anticipate what the wearer wants to do. The inflated bladders(气囊) will then help move the arm to complete the intended action.”（科学家们设想，机器人袖子上有可以充气的密封区域。当充满空气时，它们会暂时变得坚硬，并提供运动所需的力量。这种衣服将配备传感器来检测肌肉的微小收缩，并预测穿着者想要做什么。充气的膀胱将帮助移动手臂来完成预定的动作。）可知，这段主要讲了改进的机器人服装是如何工作的。故选B项。
75．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Jeremiah Robison, the founder of CIONIC, was inspired to develop the product after seeing his daughter struggle with cerebral palsy.”（CIONIC的创始人耶利米·罗宾逊（Jeremiah robinson）在看到自己的女儿与脑瘫作斗争后，受到启发，开发了这款产品。）可知，从最后一段我们能推断出罗宾逊首先为他的家人制作了机器人服装。故选D项。
76．B 77．A 78．D 79．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美国食品保质期措辞用语对食品浪费等的影响。
76．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This work results from the “wild west” landscape of food date labels which is expected to be driven, to a large extent, by manufacturers’ (制造商) strong wish to sell more products. (这项工作源于食品日期标签的“狂野西部”景观，预计这在很大程度上是由制造商销售更多产品的强烈愿望推动的。)”可知，这种给食物贴各种标签的做法很大程度是制造商为了销售更多东西。故选B项。
77．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“A survey of consumers found that certain wording — “best by,” as opposed to “best if used by,” for example — had the possibility to reduce food waste, but that result differed depending on the type of food in question. (一项针对消费者的调查发现，某些措辞——例如“最好的”，而不是“最好的，如果使用的话”——有可能减少食物浪费，但结果因所涉及的食物类型而异。)”可知，标上“最好的”这一标签可能会减少食物浪费。故选A项。
78．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“There are no practical rules about food date labels in the U.S. (美国没有关于食品日期标签的实际规定。)”可知，本段主要呈现这一事实，因此提出酸奶区是为了印证这一事实。故选D项。
79．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Changing the wording about expiration dates (保质期) on food items of easily going bad — which is currently unregulated (缺乏监管) and widely variable — could help reduce food waste, according to a new Cornell University study. (康奈尔大学的一项新研究表明，改变目前不受监管且变化很大的易变质食品的保质期措辞，可能有助于减少食品浪费。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是食品保质期措辞对于食品浪费的影响，即B项“食品保质期的措辞选择是重要的”适合做文章标题。故选B项。