北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共46页。
阅读理解
Europe’s Most Beautiful Places
From Norwegian islands high above the Arctic Circle to forest-covered mountains in Romania，windswept sandy beaches in Wales and icy lakes in the Balkans，Europe is a spectacularly varied place. The old continent’s historic cities and its Mediterranean beaches draw many of its visitors，but the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners，known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers.
Lake Inari，Finland
High above the Arctic Circle and close to Finland’s border with Russia，Lake Inari is a year-round paradise. Dark，snowy winters make it ideal for catching a glimpse of the aurora borealis（北极光）.
Its tree-lined banks glow a burnt orange during autumn and in summer，you can swim in its chilly shallows. The center of local Sami culture，is as remote and traditional as Finland gets.
Unst，Shetland Isles，Scotland
The most northerly occupied island of the British Isles，Unst is a wild，rugged place where seas crash into the dramatic Muckle Flugga sea stacks.
The latter are a harbor for gannets（塘鹅）during breeding season，with birdwatchers also treated to the sight of searching skuas（贼鸥）.
Yorkshire Dales, England
Its narrow lanes lined with drystone walls designed specially to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures, while its moody hills continually attract walkers, no matter the weather.
Geological wonders such as the limestone spectacles of Malham Cove and Gordale Scar make it perhaps the most beautiful part of the British Isles.
The Greek Islands
There are plenty of places to visit in Greece. But I love the Greek Islands best. White houses and beautiful churches, beaches and Aegean Sea make this a very popular place to visit. However, there is more to do here than just sunbathe. I cannot wait to go back and check out the caves and culture that make the Greek Islands one of the best places in Europe.
Loire Valley, France
Chateau de Chambord and Chateau de Chenonceau are the most famous, filled with classic viewing towers, formal gardens and boating lakes. Throw in a tour of its graperies, where some of the world’s finest wines are produced, and its glamour is impossible to ignore.
1．According to the passage, the best destinations in Europe are _______.
A．historic cities and Mediterranean beaches
B．similar to each other with no obvious differences
C．familiar to natives and a handful of adventurers
D．known to people around the world
2．If you are a cyclist interested in adventures, you’d better choose _______.
A．Unst, Shetland Isles, Scotland
B．Yorkshire Dales, England
C．Loire Valley, France
D．Lake Inari, Finland
3．According to the passage, we learn that the Greek Islands _______.
A．hasn’t been visited by the writer yet
B．has many waterfalls and valleys
C．is merely worth exploring by those who like sunbathing
D．is a good place for sunbathing

I love my gas stove. There’s nothing quite like cooking over that beautiful blue flame, so quickly adjusted with a flick of a dial. But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and also not great for our health. A new study this year has heightened health worries about noxious fumes (有毒烟尘) in our kitchens.
Broadly speaking, there are two categories of concern regarding gas stove emissions. First, there is the unburned natural gas that can escape before the flame ignites or leak from a gas hook-up. This gas is more than 90 percent methane (甲烷). Second, there are the pollutants created by combustion (燃烧) when a burner is on, most notably nitrogen oxides (氧化氮), which can upset the lungs.
The big surprise in the new study, conducted by environmental scientists at Stanford University, was the amount of unburned gas that leaks into kitchens when a stove is off. They found that more than three quarters of methane that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings. Only one out of 53 stoves measured for the study did not leak when turned off, says Rob Jackson, senior author of the study. Methane is not toxic, but it is a powerful greenhouse gas. With 40 million gas stoves across the country, Jackson and his co-authors estimate that the heat-trapping potential of the methane they discharge annually is equal to the carbon dioxide released by half a million gas-powered cars.
The Stanford study also looked at the amount of nitrogen oxides produced when using the stoves. In a matter of minutes, families who do not use their exhaust hoods(排气罩)and who have small, poorly aired kitchens can go beyond the Environmental Protection Agency’s outdoor exposure limit for nitrogen dioxide of 100 parts per billion(ppb)per hour. Even short exposures to excess nitrogen dioxide can worsen symptoms in people with respiratory conditions (呼吸系统疾病). And there is considerable evidence that long-term exposure raises the risk of developing asthma (哮喘).
What is the average home cook to make of all this? They might take an idea from Michanowicz, a senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy, who bought an induction burner and does much of his cooking on that $100 item. Jackson, for his part, is putting his money where his research is: “I’m replacing a perfectly good gas stove” with an induction stove. He would like governments to provide motivations for people to switch to electric ranges. As for me, I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water.
4．According to the first paragraph, gas stove worries include___________.
A．the challenge of changing our cooking habits
B．the diseases brought by cooking on a gas stove
C．the environmental impact of cooking on a gas stove
D．the risk of catching fire while people are cooking on a gas stove
5．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Gas may leak into kitchens with a stove on or off.
B．Nitrogen oxides may cause people to develop lung cancer.
C．Methane can escape into kitchens through wrong operation.
D．Kitchens can do harm to people without proper pipe fittings.
6．What does the underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Colorful. B．Useful. C．Harmful. D．Fruitful.
7．As for changing a cooking habit, the author is__________.
A．doubtful B．disapproving C．unconcerned D．supportive

International travel is popular, but visitors can run into trouble if they don’t know some basic “rules”. So, it’s important to learn about the cultures they’re visiting.
BRAZIL
In general, Brazilian culture is informal. Most Brazilians are very friendly, so it’s important to greet the people you meet. Normally women kiss on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians usually stand very close to each other while speaking. Even if this is unusual in your culture, try not to move away if it happens. If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift.
On the other hand, if you are invited to someone’s house, you should take a gift — like flowers or chocolate. However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colors have to do with death.
If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person’s appearance can be very important to Brazilians.
SAUDI ARABIA
Saudi Arabia is a very traditional country. It is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first. People shake hands in business situations, but men and women do not touch in public.
In a business meeting, do not start with business matters at once. Instead, lead in the conversation by asking about people’s family or health. Arrive on time for business meetings, but don’t be surprised if others are late. Being on time is less important in Saudi Arabia than it is in most western countries. Business dress is formal.
Gifts are not expected at business meetings. If you are invited to a Saudi home, acceptable gifts are chocolate or coffee. Be careful not to admire the things the host owns, because he or she will feel necessary to give an item to you as a gift.
8．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．kissing on the cheek when greeting
B．dressing formally when invited
C．preparing gifts at business meetings
D．standing very close when talking
9．Which of the following are mentioned in both countries in the passage?
①lead-in topics ②greetings ③arriving time ④giving gifts ⑤dresses
A．①②③④ B．①②④⑤ C．①③④⑤ D．②③④⑤
10．Why does the writer write this passage?
A．To ask more people to travel to different countries.
B．To introduce some basic rules in different cultures.
C．To teach tourists how to understand English culture.
D．To show different opinions about different cultures.

Wang Shuang was just five when her parents divorced, dropped her at her uncle’s and left. Football, as it often is, became an escape.
At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behavior. As the only girl in the boys’ team, Wang’s performances were impressive, earning her the nickname “Iron Girl”. And soon, she sensed the sport’s power. Football allowed her to “release herself” and realize “whatever happens, football never leaves you alone”.
However, life was never smooth sailing. The constant jibes (嘲讽) from some people, who always tried to push her down and destroy her hopes, affected her so deeply that she lost confidence. “They were saying I had no talent at all. Gradually, I felt really so,” Wang once wrote. But never did she stop playing. When she was called up at the age of 17, Wang thought, “Me? Are you sure?” When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was excited that an excellent coach thought she was good. It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. “I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all.”
Not any “bit of talent”; the genius is praised as China’s once-in-a-generation player.
China is a pioneer of women’s football in Asia and has won the continental championship nine times, including seven straight titles between 1986 and 1999. That was their golden age. Gradually, though, the dynasty declined (衰退). It is hoped that Wang will inspire the women’s football of the country to its former height.
Coaches are almost always hesitant to speak about individual players. But when coach Shui Qingxia was asked about Wang before the match against Vietnam, she couldn’t stop mentioning her influence on the team. Unfailingly performing on the big stage, Wang did not let her team down. When they lacked a quality ball，she delivered two high assists that finally led her team into the quarterfinal(四分之一决赛).
“Nobody knows how hard it was,” declared Wang after the match. “We overcame difficulties. We also showed our strong spiritual power. I am proud of my team. ”
11．What can we infer about Wang from the second paragraph?
A．She earned a living on her own.
B．She was released from the team.
C．She was laughed at by the boys.
D．She found a sense of belonging.
12．How did Wang regain faith in her abilities?
A．By winning recognition.
B．By obtaining inspiration.
C．By playing in the national team.
D．By ignoring other people’s jibes.
13．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Wang Shuang: A Steel Rose
B．Wang Shuang: A Child Genius
C．Wang Shuang:A Football Pioneer
D．Wang Shuang: A Golden Age Creator

Ryuichi Sakamoto, the Japanese composer who died on March 28, 2023, was a talented musician. For many, his combination of noisy notes and joyous ones made him timeless and avant-garde (前卫的). But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions.
Before I learned to love Sakamoto, my mother loved him. After her days studying textiles (纺织) at a women’s college in our hometown of Nagoya, Japan, she would come home and play the Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence theme over and over. When she sat at her piano bench, she was trying to mold herself into the most attracting woman that she could be. Still, her childhood desire for a bigger life never died. Years later, when she played it again on that same piano, now transported to our Chicago home, her hands would crash down on Sakamoto’s drumming and upset bridge. It seemed that she buried herself in her younger dream and at the same time got lost in the reality of living away from her home and family. Both the joy of a fulfilled dream and the sorrow of its harsh realities mixed in Sakamoto’s score, pervading (弥漫) our living room.
Following in my mother’s footsteps, I too learned to play Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence. I played it in an open music room at college, where I was quite depressed under the gaze of strangers as well as excited about becoming my own adult. I played Sakamoto again in my then-boyfriend’s grandparents’ sitting room, the piece now reflecting my struggle to see how my Japanese and American self could fit into this white family, even though I was in love.
Sakamoto’s genius for telling the contradictions (矛盾) of existence arises again and again. I’m still playing Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, now at the electric piano in my living room, as I puzzle through becoming a new mother, frightened and thrilled at the same time. Maybe someday my daughter will play Sakamoto’s music, and it will help her understand her life too.
14．The author loves Sakamoto for_________.
A．his Japanese identity
B．his talent as a composer
C．his way to combine notes
D．his creation of mixed emotions
15．How did the author’s mother feel when she played Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence in Chicago?
A．Contented with her current life.
B．Joyful and sorry at the same time
C．Annoyed with the difficult bridge
D．Lonely and upset away from home.
16．What is this passage mainly about?
A．The life and accomplishments of Ryuichi Sakamoto.
B．The challenges of being a Japanese-American woman.
C．Contradicting emotions aroused by Sakamoto’s music.
D．A mother and daughter’s shared love for playing the piano.

The question of whether it is possible to dissociate the artist from their work has been debated for a long time. Even though positive critical reviews about an artist’s behavior can improve their artistic accomplishments, people should treat artists as individuals who have lived apart from their work.
One of the reasons is that even artists have shortcomings. Like any other human being, an artist can err, and we cannot be severely judgmental of every person that falls into error. Cancel culture with endless criticism is concerned more with how we should disregard the artists when they make mistakes than with how their weaknesses can be used by the artists to create art that is unique.
Perhaps Kevin Hart’s words support this thought. He asks, “When did we get to a point where life was supposed to be perfect? Where people were supposed to operate perfectly all the time?” When people start seeing artists as human beings, they’ll see them for who they are and review their behavior not on the basis of their art but on the basis of their humanity.
It should be also noted that there are works of art that are inspired by the artist’s experience. For example, the themes in the Harry Potter books are so connected with J. K. Rowling’s wicked worldview that it is virtually impossible to distinguish the two from each other. Since canceling artists based on their worldview would mean the reception to their art will suffer, artists become tense and unwilling to express themselves, which will kill creativity, eventually leading to the death of art. Comedians, singers or painters who should be integrating contemporary issues with their works become boring, and art stops functioning as the social mirror it ought to be.
An artist who makes mistakes still has art with intrinsic (内在的) value, benefiting entire communities or cultures. For instance, when Kendrick Lamar launched his album and frequently used the F-slur in one of his songs, there was much-heated discussion. He was entirely mistaken in using the F-slur, but as an artist, he still had a wide-reaching impact on society. Similarly, one can respect the late Michael Jackson because of how he impacted pop music and the inclusion of black musicians in mainstream media despite his personal weaknesses, opinions, worldviews and associations.
While these artists may engage in their terrible behavior, the art they produce today may serve as an example for others to produce outstanding work in the future. Some would refer to this process as a cycle. Good art should, therefore, be judged due to its value and not the value of the artist.
17．Which would Kevin Hart probably agree with?
A．People should perform perfectly all the time.
B．Artists’ shortcomings might be their inspiration.
C．If artists have weaknesses, we’d better cancel them.
D．Artists should be evaluated based on their humanity.
18．Why will “cancel culture” lead to the death of art?
A．Artists will be unwilling to create any artwork.
B．Artists will stop concerning with contemporary issues.
C．Artists will lose their desire for expression and creativity.
D．Artworks are unavoidably inspired by artists’ experiences.
19．How can an artist with mistakes benefit others?
A．The artist may make some new words popular.
B．The artist’s opinions may provoke heated discussion.
C．The artist will benefit entire communities or cultures.
D．The artist’s art may give others ideas of artistic creation.
20．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．Judge Art Due to Its Value
B．Separate the Art From the Artist
C．Regard Artists as Human Beings
D．Stop Criticizing Artists’ Behavior

Earth Day: Kid Heroes for the Planet
On April 22, we celebrate Earth Day. On that day, people around the world work to help our planet. But many people, including kids, protect the Earth all year long Read about five inspiring kid heroes for the planet.
Saving the Frogs
Justin Sather is from Los Angeles, California. He has always loved frogs. When Justin was 5, he learned that their habitats (栖息地) were in danger. Justin started a group called For the Love of Frogs. He sold toy frogs to raise money to help them. Up till now, he has raised more than $20, 000 to support frog protection.
Growing Right
Aadya Joshi lives in Mumbai, India. When she was 15, she turned a junk lot in her neighborhood into a garden. She used native plants. Joshi said native plants attract native insects and animals. Now, she’s the leader of the organization The Right Green. She founded it to educate people about growing native plants and maintaining healthy ecosystems. Joshi also created a database of more than 2,000 plants in India. Joshi’s database is a resource where people can learn which kinds of plants are native to their area.
Cleaning Up
Jeremy Muchilwa, 13, and Michelle Muchilwa, 15, are siblings. They live in Kenya In June 2020, they participated in the Ocean Heroes Bootcamp. This inspired them to fight plastic pollution. They decided to create a campaign to pick up plastic waste in nearby Lake Victoria. Also, they worked with a research institute to find new ways to draw attention to plastic waste.
Creating Energy
Eleven-year-old Xavier Iglesias is from Florida. One day, Xavier was playing with a friend on an Astroturf field (人造草坪). He noticed the field was much hotter than real grass. It inspired him to invent SoleX Turf, which uses the heat from Astroturf to make electricity. Xavier said his invention creates electricity in a way that’s less harmful to the environment.
21．What inspired Justin to build For the Love of Frogs?
A．Taking part in the Ocean Heroes Bootcamp.
B．Knowing that the habitats of frogs were at risk.
C．Noticing the field was much hotter than real grass.
D．Discovering that native plants attract native insects and animals.
22．What qualities do the five kid heroes have in common?
A．Observant and creative. B．Talented and humorous.
C．Emotional and self-focused. D．Optimistic and determined.
23．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A novel. B．A biography.
C．A news website. D．A scientific journal.


Chinese experts will head to Memphis Zoo in the United States to assist in the care of giant panda Ya Ya and ensure her health and well-being. The move comes after the Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens received reports of Yaya’s poor health condition and was instructed by the country’s regulatory authorities to take action.
With it being decided that Yaya will come back home, this event raises the question of why giant pandas are so difficult to feed and breed. Although giant pandas only feed on bamboo, a low-nutrient food, they are known for their appetite.The Calgary Zoo in Canada sent two pandas back to China in 2020 due to a shortage of bamboo, reported CNN. According to the zoo,the animals together eat about 40 kilograms of fresh bamboo each day.
They also have trouble absorbing nutrients. Pandas digest food with the help of certain bacteria, instead of ensymes(酶)that most creatures have for digestion, according to a study in 2011. Even with the help of the bacteria, pandas can only digest 17 percent of the food they eat, so they live an energy-conserving lifestyle.    
Their low reproductive rate is a crucial reason as well. Generally, giant pandas can breed when they reach 4 to 8 years old, according to the Pandas International website. Females breed once a year in the spring which lasts only about two or three days. In the wild, female pandas leave their scent on bamboo so that males can locate them. Even if a pair meets, successful breeding is not certain.
Females normally give birth to one or two cubs. If twins are born, the mother may only raise the stronger of the cubs. A newborn panda baby only weighs about 0.1 percent of the weight of a fully grown panda, making its survival extremely difficult.
Despite these issues, progress has been made in breeding and protecting the widely loved animals. Until 2022, there were about 673 giant pandas in captivity(圈养), and the wild population of giant pandas reaches more than 1,800, according to China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. Duan Zhaogang at the center told Xinhua that they had sent 10 pandas back to the wild with nine of them surviving.
24．Why did the Calgary Zoo send two pandas back to China in 2020?
A．They suffered from a skin disease.
B．They cost the zoo too much money.
C．There wasn’t enough food for them.
D．They failed to adjust to the local environment.
25．Why do giant pandas have trouble absorbing nutrients?
A．They have a low appetite.
B．They only eat low-nutrient foods.
C．They have a delicate digestive system.
D．They don’t have enough enzymes for digestion.
26．What do we know about female pandas?
A．They can’t breed until they reach 8 years old.
B．They breed once a year within a short time period.
C．They are likely to give birth to two or more cubs.
D．They have difficulty locating mates in the wild.
27．What is the article mainly about?
A．The living habits of giant pandas.
B．The success of protecting giant pandas.
C．The controversy over captive giant pandas.
D．The difficulties giant pandas face to survive.

One day, when I was going to check in at an airport, I noticed there was a big problem. The counter person was telling everyone that all the planes were having problems and they would not be able to fly! And it was suggested that a bus would be provided to take us to Seattle. Everyone was worried, as we only had an hour and a half to make the connecting flight, and the bus was not even at the airport yet.
Finally, the bus pulled up, and the driver said, “They just pulled me out of bed after an all-night shift, and they expect me to get you to Seattle in time to catch your fight. Good luck!”
Needless to say, everyone was in a really bad mood. I was loading my baggage into the bus and had hung my banjo (班卓琴) over my back when the bus driver said, “What? Are you going to play that on my bus?” “Well, I really did not plan on it,” I replied.“I was only kidding,”said the driver. But I started thinking about it, and I pulled out the banjo. A worried, angry woman said, “Well, what if I don’t like it?” “Then tell me and I’ll stop,” I replied.
We drove off, and the tension made the atmosphere inside the bus horrendous! Then I started performing the old standard Blue Skies. In a few minutes, I noticed everyone was singing along. I started to sing, too, and before long, the whole bus burst into song.
One song led to another. Everyone laughed and sang, with food passed around the bus, and before long, the airport was in sight.
The bus driver called, “We made it! We never would have done it without the help of our banjo player.” Shouts of approval rang through the bus. People exchanged addresses and invitations to visit, and a few even exchanged hugs.
A few weeks later, my mailbox was filled with letters from my new friends. Their letters reminded me of how, by reaching out with just a song or a bit of friendship, you can turn a very tense situation into a peaceful experience.
28．What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A．The driver was glad to take them to Seattle.
B．The driver was too tired to send them to Seattle.
C．The driver was late because he just came off the night shift.
D．The driver thought they would have difficulty making it to Seattle.
29．What does the underlined word “horrendous” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Boring. B．Strange. C．Terrible. D．Cheerful.
30．What is the text mainly about?
A．A great banjo play.
B．A wonderful musical bus ride.
C．The amazing friendship on a bus.
D．An unforgettable experience at the airport.

Even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence, it’s time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.
The tool, developed by Open AI, lets you type natural-language prompts (提示). ChatGPT then offers conversational responses. The robot remembers the information of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It draws its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.
ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not omniscient (无所不知的) or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound very authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.
But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle (不明显的).“It’s a mistake to be depending on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman said. “We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳定性) and truthfulness.”
As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer,” said Mike Krause, data science director at a different AI company, Beyond Limits. “It’ll be explained clearly and sound like it came from some professor at Harvard. But if you trick it, you’ll get nonsense.”
There have already been many students who use ChatGPT to help them cheat with their homework and essays, but as with many other technology developments, it’s not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago, students could copy encyclopedia (百科全书) entries and use calculators, and more recently, they’ve been able to use search engines. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.
Many ChatGPT answers already sound like student essays, though often with an unnatural tone. High school teacher Daniel Herman concluded ChatGPT already writes better than most students today. He’s uncertain between admiring ChatGPT’s potential usefulness and fearing its harm to human learning. Dustin York, an associate professor of communication at Maryville University, hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.
31．Why does the author think ChatGPT is a big deal?
A．Because it’s artificial intelligence that offers conversational responses.
B．Because it’s knowledgeable in areas with good training data to learn from.
C．Because it has all kinds of potential disadvantages, easy to spot or more subtle.
D．Because it helped students with their homework essays and wrote even better.
32．What did Mike Krause mean when he said the underlined words in paragraph 5?
A．ChatGPT was not able to form indirect answers naturally.
B．ChatGPT was not able to answer indirect questions correctly.
C．ChatGPT was not able to reply to indirect questions quickly.
D．ChatGPT was not able to explain indirect answers properly.
33．Why did the author mention encyclopedia, calculators, and search engines?
A．To show that ChatGPT is a tool that can be as helpful.
B．To show that ChatGPT is an invention that will be accepted.
C．To show that students should be allowed to use ChatGPT to write essays.
D．To show that students should be banned to use ChatGPT to write essays.
34．What does the author think of ChatGPT?
A．potential and knowledgeable B．robust and truthful
C．imperfect yet promising D．authoritative yet misleading

The Covid-19 pandemic has been stressful in so many ways and increased work stress stands out as widespread consequence of it.
In a study titled “This job is killing me” conducted at Northern Illinois University and Indiana a University, the researchers discovered that two specific factors-having a high-stress job and low control over one’s work-were closely related with higher death rates.
During the 20-year period, over 3,000 Americans were tracked at three separate points by the Midlife in the United States Survey Analyzing that data, the study found that those with high-stress, low-control jobs were 43% more likely to die than those in lower-risk categories.
People who suffered from depression were 130% more likely to die early, according to Erik Gonzalez-Mulé, who co-authored the study. Those with high stress, low-autonomy jobs who died were likely to have suffered depression.
GonzalezMulé says his takeaway is not that everyone should quit their jobs in terror. Rather, he also says, those with influence over employees’ work experience-like company heads and managers-should do as much as possible to increase workers’ feelings of autonomy, especially for workers in high Lowering stress at work isn’t always possible: Some jobs are inherently stressful. But jobs adding a sense of autonomy is sometimes possible.
Gonzalez-Mulé says one simple option is to allow people to decide where to work, whether that’s from home or other non-office workspace. In that way, the Covid-19 pandemic may have actually moved things forward: Employers who were unwilling to take the step of allowing flexible working on employees’ terms have had to adapt fast and, in many cases have seen positive results.
There are other ways that companies can increase workers’ autonomy too, especially for those for whom working from home isn’t an option. “Allowing people to choose what they want to do is kind of a higher order level of autonomy, whereas just allowing people to prioritize tasks and tackle things in the order they want is kind of on the low end,” says Gonzalez-Mule
35．What does GonzalezMulé agree with?
A．People should give up their stressful jobs.
B．Lowering employees’ stress at work is essential.
C．People under high pressure are likely to suffer depression.
D．Employees should be allowed to make their own decisions.
36．What is the positive outcome the Covid-19 pandemic has brought?
A．Light workload. B．Less stressful jobs.
C．Increasing autonomy. D．Safe working environment.
37．Which belongs to the lower order level of autonomy?
A．Doing whatever one wants. B．Deciding what to do first.
C．Choosing to work at home. D．Choosing among several jobs.
38．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Have High Control Over Your Work B．High-stress Jobs Can Cause Death
C．Stay Away From Stress at Work D．Ways to Cope with High Stress

Thrown from his horse three times and repeatedly wet through while camping in a downpour, Chris Walker wondered whether the Mongol Derhy was really for him.
The property developer and farmer from Gloucestershire was, at 55, the oldest of the competitors in this year’s 1.000 km race across the grassland.
Despite the hardships of his eight-day journey, Walker was delighted to finish third in the annual equestrian (马术的 )endurance race.
Competitors race between checkpoints 22 miles apart, where they change horses. They spend nights at one of 28 stations, set up their own camp or enjoy the hospitality of friendly Mongolian families.
Walker, whose grandfather Neville Crump trained three Grand National winners, was an hour ahead of his rivals as the race entered its eighth day but was awarded a time penalty (判罚) because his horse had a high heart rate during one of the regular checks to ensure that the animals were healthy.
Walker said he had gone to Mongolia to “give it a go” but realized that he stood a chance of winning after teaming up with Patrick Heffron, a competitor from Ireland.
“The horses are quite wild. I got bucked off three times. I fell off in a hole,” he said. “You’re going along and suddenly disappear. You have to hang on to your horse for dear life or it goes off.”
Walker who has raised more than £7000 for the charity Riding for the Disabled Association, own horses and his son is a professional polo player.
Heffron, who met Walker as they went out for the race, finished third equal alongside his companion. He said it was important to form a team mainly because falling off alone means that there is no one to help you retrieve your horse.
“It is also a bloody long way to talk to yourself,”Heffron said. “Neither of us had prior ambitions win this race but we realized: “We’re in front, ” SP R pushed.
39．What can we learn about the Mongol Derby?
A．It’s a 22-mile equestrian endurance race.
B．Competitors have to camp at stations.
C．There is an age limit to competitors.
D．Horses are switched at checkpoints.
40．What is the main reason for Walker’s falling behind?
A．A time penalty. B．The wild horse. C．Poor teamwork. D．His ill health.
41．What does the underlined word “retrieve” mean in the text?
A．Tie. B．Feed. C．Mount. D．Bring back
42．Which of the following words can best describe Walker?
A．Enthusiastic but moody. B．Proud and stubborn.
C．Courageous and ambitious. D．Cooperative and generous.

Reading doesn’t come naturally to people, but most of us have learned how. Eighty-six percent of the world’s population is literate(有读写能力的)，and this rate has been increasing for centuries. Literacy makes it possible to navigate a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs and more.
Could a growing number of people participate in today’s world without reading or writing at all? Technology makes it possible. Most of our devices now talk to us and take spoken commands. Smart cars ask for a destination and then give directions.Smart virtual assistants listen for requests to report the weather, play a song, set a timer, order groceries, and much more. Software can also read text aloud or turn speech into text. These interactions aren’t perfect-the software still makes silly mistakes. But it’s getting better and better. It’s possible to imagine a future world where all of our communication with our devices and each other is spoken.
But reading and writing are powerful tools.For one, most people read faster than they speak. A podcaster or audio book narrator speaks at around150to 160 words per minute, while a strong reader can cruise through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute. That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they read as opposed to listen. Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain. In her book Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading, human beings “rearranged the very organization of our brain, which in turn expanded the ways we were able to think, which changed the intellectual evolution of our species.” Would we really choose to give up that progress?What do you think? Do you hope people keep on reading and writing, or will technology make literacy obsolete(淘汰的)?
43．What does the 2nd paragraph focus on?
A．Technology makes up for illiteracy. B．Many people have problems with literacy.
C．Technology is a double-edged sword. D．Technology is changing fast.
44．Compared to listening, what will a person do when reading?
A．Gather more information. B．Remember less clearly.
C．Show less interest. D．Learn more words.
45．Why does the author mention Maryanne’s book?
A．To give an example of a book on reading.
B．To show the evolution of human beings.
C．To prove that reading is related with brain.
D．To illustrate the need for reading and writing.
46．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．A blog post.
C．A book review. D．An academic article.

We have a list of travel guidelines from health organizations around the world to help you consider measures you should take to help reduce health risks when you travel. Please review all information that you need to protect yourself.
Wash your hands often
Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly for at least 20 seconds with soap and water. If soap and water are not readily available,use a hand sanitizer (洗手液) that contains at least 60% alcohol. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands.
Wear a mask
Clean your hands with aleohol-based hand sanitizer, or soap and water, before putting on a mask. Cover your mouth and nose with a mask or face covering and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask. Avoid touching the mask while using it; if you do, clean your hands.
Coughing and sneezing etiquette
If you are not wearing a mask, cover your mouth or nose with a flexed elbow or use disposable tissue and discard immediately after use. Clean hands with alcohol-based hand sanitizer or soap and water after coughing or sneezing.
Social distancing
Maintain at least 6 feet or 2 meters (about 2 arm lengths) distance between yourself and others.
Avoid traveling if unwell
If you have a fever, cough, difficulty breathing, a sore throat or have seen recent changes in taste or smell, medical professionals recommend you not travel. If you get sick during the trip, stay where you are and follow the advice of local officials.
Anticipate travel needs
Bring enough of your medicine to last you for the entire trip and have prescription paperwork with you if traveling internationally.Consider packing enough alcohol based hand sanitizer and keep it within easy reach; but remember some airports or airlines may have limitations on volume of liquids you can carry.Bring a cloth face covering or mask to wear in public places. Pack some food in case restaurants and stores are closed, but remember some airlines may limit your ability to carry food and drinks onboard.
47．What is the text intended to help people do?
A．Travel smarter. B．Travel safer. C．Travel lighter. D．Travel for free.
48．What information does the author provide?
A．Carrying a soap at all times. B．Coughing with your mask off.
C．Keeping a proper social distance. D．Going back home if you feel sick.
49．What does the author recommend carrying in case you need?
A．Alcohol. B．Facecloth. C．Food and drinks. D．Medicine packaging.

Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program.
The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty.
What are we looking for?
You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum.
You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work.
What are we offering you?
We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world.
How to apply?
Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply.
50．The JPA program helps the young ______.
A．graduate with high honors
B．find solid and well-paid jobs
C．get entry-level work experience
D．challenge their senior workmates
51．What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program?
A．Age 28 or under.
B．Superb technology skills.
C．Having a master’s degree.
D．Fluency in English and Latin.
52．What will the World Bank offer?
A．A two-year contract with welfare.
B．Interviews with general managers.
C．Positions in applicants’ hometowns.
D．Analytical and research skills training.

For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. But those who are visually impaired cannot share that experience. So astronomers have been developing alternative ways to convey(传递)scientific information.
Recently, the journal Nature Astronomy published the latest in a series of articles on the use of sonification in astronomy. Sonification describes the change of data into digital audio(声音)files, which allows them to be heard, as well as read and seen.
In August, Kimberly Arcand, a data-visualization expert and science communicator at the Center for Astrophysics and others transformed some of the first images of the black hole at the centre of the Perseus cluster from the James Webb Space Telescope into sound. They worked under the guidance of people who are blind to map the intensity and colours of light in the headline-grabbing pictures into audio. The sonification of an image of gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云), for instance, uses loud high-frequency sounds to represent bright light near the top of the image, but lower-frequency loud sounds to represent bright light near the image’s centre. The black hole sonification translates data on sound waves travelling through space-created by the black hole’s impact on the hot gas that surrounds it-into the range of human hearing.
Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification. Some have explored whether it can help with discovering Alzheimer’s disease from brain scans. Sound has even been used to describe ecological shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan forest, with researchers assigning various musical instruments to different tree species.
In the long run, such approaches need to be strictly evaluated to determine what they can offer that other techniques cannot. For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.
53．What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A．Appealing. B．Damaged. C．Directed. D．Impressive.
54．The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended to ______.
A．show the widespread use of sonification
B．introduce the common process of sonification
C．provide people with the cure for particular diseases
D．improve the application of sonification to more fields
55．As for sonification, which would the author agree with?
A．The use of sonification helps to analyze data effectively.
B．The standardization of sonification has yet to be achieved.
C．Sonification can transform some data that other techniques cannot.
D．Lower-frequency sounds show bright light near the top of the image.

Clothes were once used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed to be re-used, ending their lives as dishcloths. Not today. Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.
‘Fast fashion’ is so called partly because the fashion industry now releases new lines every week, when historically this happened four times a year. Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.
The trend is having an astonishing environmental impact. Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Besides, plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯纤维)and other polymer-based textiles(纺织物), and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals used to make fabrics dirt resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling. There is work to be done for researchers on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale(规模)needed. Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour.
Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.
56．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．Clothes should be used until they fall apart.
B．Fashion brands are replaced with new ones frequently.
C．Fast fashion leads to a significant increase in fashion waste.
D．Fashion brands produce twice more clothing than necessary.
57．According to the author, what does the circular economy focus on?
A．Improving the production of natural textiles.
B．Studying how fast fashion affects the environment.
C．Releasing new lines four times a year instead of every week.
D．Making durable things and expanding the technologies for recycling.
58．What can you infer from the passage?
A．Consumers are fond of chemically recycled fibres.
B．Systems that collect, recycle and reuse are insufficient.
C．Manual separation of fibres is preferred by manufacturers.
D．Environment damage is mainly caused by using chemicals.
59．What does the author think of the future of fashion industry?
A．Big changes are needed to follow fashion styles.
B．Huge steps should be taken for the needs of consumers.
C．More should be done to deal with the heavy environmental cost.
D．Consumers and manufacturers will change their behaviour immediately.

Orly Wahba is an educator, speaker, entrepreneur (企业家), author and community activist passionate about inspiring and motivating people to be the best that they can be.
As a young child, listening repeatedly to the song, “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson, Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mark and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace, respect, and love. Since her teenage years, Orly has worked extensively with tweens and teens as well as local charities in her community providing a helping hand for those who need it most.
Orly began her career in kindness as a middle school educator at the Yeshivah of Flatbush in Brooklyn, NY, teaching the children to use the power they have to influence the world for good. With 8,000 cards, she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness. Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed, would be passed onto another person. Her project succeeded, enhancing the lives of her students and raising their sense of self-worth as they saw their direct hand in causing a ripple (涟漪) effect. Even now, people may encounter Orly giving out her famed Acts of Kindness Cards on the subway.

Desiring to make a larger impact with her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled “Life Vest Inside”, Orly founded (2011) Life Vest Inside, a non-profit organization with a mission to encourage people to embrace (拥抱) the incredible power of giving and recognize that in times of hardship, kindness, like a life vest, keeps the world afloat (漂浮).
LVI shot to national attention when Orly’s short film Kindness Boomerang went viral, receiving more than 100 million views and coverage in media such as The TODAY Show, NBC, CBS, ADWEEK, International Business Times and more. In 2013 Orly was invited to speak at TED．
The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Through LVI, kind happenings are becoming more frequent. And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.
60．How did the song “Heal the World” influence Orly?
A．She wanted to become an entrepreneur.
B．She decided to make a difference to the world.
C．She managed to raise money for local charities.
D．She started to work for a peace organization.
61．The Act of Kindness Cards project ______.
A．teaches people to play cards
B．remains a campus campaign
C．uses the power of an educator
D．encourages people to pass kindness
62．What inspired Orly to establish “Life Vest Inside”?
A．A small sign on a plane.
B．A non-profit organization.
C．A life vest in a flight accident.
D．A sudden recognition of hardship.
63．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．More people become addictive to magic.
B．Orly achieves amazing success in film career.
C．More people are inspired to show kindness to others.
D．Orly receives international awards for her contribution.

As a Ph. D．student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet. A position matching graduate students with jobs drew my attention. It needed someone who would lead teams of graduate student volunteers to help bring in industry partners, and work with the university administration and student applicants. The chances to interact with all these different groups were appealing. I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply.
The first few weeks in my new role were challenging. Along with my routine study, I was suddenly managing a team of four volunteers and meetings with industry professionals. At first, I was nervous in meetings with them, feeling I wasn’t prepared enough. But as I gained experience, the interactions became truly enjoyable and rewarding. Sometimes the conversations went beyond regular business to touch on career paths, personal challenges, and more. I began to enjoy the daily mix of activities.
I also learned about leadership. At the start, things seemed to go well until one of my team members told me I wasn’t including her fully in decision-making. I was upset; didn’t she trust my leadership? But after I calmed down, I saw that maybe she had a point. So I began to ask team members to lead some of our meetings and encouraged them to express their views. This new approach allowed us to meet our targets while helping everyone feel more content and connected—as colleagues, but also as friends.
Beyond building relationships and skills, this experience expanded my horizons about my own professional future. Before I joined, I had only been exposed to academic career paths, and I assumed that was my future. Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D．, I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want.
64．What made the author decide to apply for the volunteer work?
A．The relevance to her study. B．The longing for a family.
C．The desire for social contact. D．The previous work experience.
65．What can we learn about the author’s volunteer work?
A．It drives her away from her study. B．It teaches her how to conduct business.
C．It allows her to adjust her attitude to life and career. D．It helps her identify the professional paths.
66．From the passage, we can learn that the author is ________.
A．open to new challenges B．proud of academic success
C．brave to overcome prejudice D．demanding of group members

Is Positive Thinking Powerful?
The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
67．What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A．There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.
B．Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.
C．The power of positive thinking is limited.
D．Unhappy people cannot think positively.
68．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A．you are pointing out the mistakes he has made
B．you are not taking his mistakes seriously enough
C．you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent
D．you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults
69．What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A．Self-approval can bring a positive change to one’s feelings.
B．People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.
C．It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.
D．Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.
70．It can be learned from the last paragraph that _________.
A．people can avoid making mistakes through meditation
B．different people tend to have different ways of thinking
C．meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy
D．the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person















参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了欧洲最美的五个地方。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The old continent’s historic cities and its Mediterranean beaches draw many of its visitors，but the best destinations are sometimes its more remote corners，known mainly to locals and a few brave travelers. (这个古老大陆的历史名城和地中海海滩吸引了许多游客，但最好的目的地有时是更偏远的角落，只有当地人和一些勇敢的旅行者知道。)”可知，欧洲最好的目的地是当地人和少数冒险家所熟悉的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Yorkshire Dales, England中的“Its narrow lanes lined with drystone walls designed specially to cyclists seeking marvelous adventures, while its moody hills continually attract walkers, no matter the weather. (它狭窄的小巷两旁是专为寻求奇妙冒险的骑自行车者设计的干石墙，而它的起伏的山丘不断吸引着步行者，无论天气如何。)”可知，如果你是一个喜欢冒险的骑行者，你最好选择英格兰的约克郡山谷。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据The Greek Islands中的“However, there is more to do here than just sunbathe. (然而，除了日光浴，这里还有更多的事情可做。)”可知，希腊群岛是一个晒日光浴的好地方。故选D。
4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是研究发现使用天然气灶做饭对气候和人的健康有危害，并指出如何解决这一问题。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and also not great for our health. A new study this year has heightened health worries about noxious fumes (有毒烟尘) in our kitchens.(但近年来，环保人士一直在警告说，燃气灶对气候有害，对我们的健康也没有好处。今年的一项新研究加剧了人们对厨房有毒烟雾的健康担忧)”可知，天燃气灶担忧包括对天燃气做饭带来的疾病。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They found that more than three quarters of methane that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings.(他们发现，超过四分之三的甲烷是在炉子不使用时逸出的，很可能是通过不完美的管道配件逸出的)”以及第四段中的“In a matter of minutes, families who do not use their exhaust hoods (排气罩) and who have small, poorly aired kitchens can go beyond the Environmental Protection Agency’s outdoor exposure limit for nitrogen dioxide of 100 parts per billion(ppb)per hour.(在几分钟内，不使用排气罩的家庭，以及拥有小而通风不良的厨房的家庭，可能会超过环境保护局(Environmental Protection Agency)规定的每小时10亿分之100 (ppb)的二氧化氮户外暴露限值)”可知，研究发现，不使用燃气灶时，3/4的甲烷会通过不完好的管道逸出，而在不使用排气罩或通风不佳的家庭厨房里可能会二氧化氮超标。由此推知，没有合适管道的厨房可能是有害的。故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后的“but it is a powerful greenhouse gas.(但它是一种强大的温室气体)”可知，甲烷是一种强大的温室气体，根据but可知，该句话与划线单词所在句子为转折关系，结合选项可知，全句意思为“虽然甲烷不是有害气体，但它是一种强大的温室气体”符合逻辑，所以划线单词意为“有害的”。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Jackson, for his part, is putting his money where his research is: “I’m replacing a perfectly good gas stove” with an induction stove. He would like governments to provide motivations for people to switch to electric ranges. As for me, I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water.(就杰克逊而言，他把钱花在了他的研究上：“我正在用电磁炉取代一个非常好的煤气炉”。他希望政府为人们改用电动汽车提供动力。至于我，我已经改用电热水壶烧水了)”可知，一些科学家或研究者正在用电炉替换燃气灶或希望政府 转换为电器，而作者也开始用电壸烧水。由此推知，作者对改换做饭习惯持支持态度。故选D项。
8．D 9．D 10．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同文化中的一些基本规则。
8．词句猜测题。根据上文“Normally women kiss on the cheek, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians usually stand very close to each other while speaking.(女人通常会亲吻脸颊，而男人通常只是握手。巴西人说话时通常站得很近)”可知，this指的是巴西人说话时通常站得很近这件事。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据BRAZIL部分的“Most Brazilians are very friendly, so it’s important to greet the people you meet.(大多数巴西人都很友好，所以问候你遇到的人是很重要的)”、“If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift.(如果你去参加一个商务会议，你不需要带礼物)”、“However, avoid anything purple or black, as these colors have to do with death.(然而，避免紫色或黑色，因为这些颜色与死亡有关)”、“If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least 30 minutes late, but always dress well, because a person’s appearance can be very important to Brazilians.(如果你被邀请去吃饭，至少迟到30分钟，但一定要穿着得体，因为一个人的外表对巴西人来说非常重要)”和SAUDI ARABIA部分的“It is important to greet the oldest or the most senior person first.(首先问候年龄最大或地位最高的人是很重要的)”、“Arrive on time for business meetings, but don’t be surprised if others are late.(商务会议要准时到达，但如果别人迟到也不要感到惊讶)”、“Business dress is formal.(商务着装是正式的)”、“Gifts are not expected at business meetings.(商务会议上不应该送礼物)”可知，这两个国家都提到的是问候、到达时间、着装和给礼物。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“International travel is popular, but visitors can run into trouble if they don’t know some basic “rules”. So, it’s important to learn about the cultures they’re visiting.( 国际旅行很受欢迎，但如果游客不知道一些基本的“规则”，他们就会遇到麻烦。所以，了解他们所参观的国家的文化是很重要的)”可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了介绍不同文化中的一些基本规则。故选B。
11．D 12．A 13．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国女子足球运动员王霜的个人经历和成就。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behaviour. As the only girl in the boys’ team, Wang’s performances were impressive, earning her the nickname “Iron Girl.” And soon, she sensed the sport’s power. Football allowed her to “release herself” and realize “whatever happens, football never leaves you alone.”(7岁时，她被教练徐一龙（音译）看中，徐一龙发现王霜活泼好动。作为男队中唯一的女生，王霜的表现令人印象深刻，为她赢得了“铁妹”的绰号。很快，她就感受到这项运动的力量。足球让她“释放自我”，并意识到“无论发生什么，足球永远不会让你孤单。”)”可知，王霜认为足球能让她释放自己，意识到，无论发生什么，足球永远不会让她孤单。由此可推知，王霜从足球身上感受到了一种归属感。故选D项。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“When she was called up to the national team, aged 17, Wang thought, “Me? Are you sure?” When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was “excited that an excellent coach thought I was good.” It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. “I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all.”(17岁那年，当她被征召进国家队时，她想：“我？你确定吗？”当一家世界著名的俱乐部想要签下她时，她“很兴奋，因为一位优秀的教练认为我很出色。”直到那时，她才对自己的能力充满信心。“我觉得自己被认可了。也许我还是有点天赋的。”)”可知，在被招进国家队，自己的能力被认可时，王霜才对自己的能力充满信心。故选A项。
13．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段提到了足球对儿时的王霜来说是一种逃避；第二段提到了王霜7岁时被教练看中，加入足球队进行训练；第三段提到了王霜曾受到周围人的打击和嘲笑而不自信，但被招进国家队后重拾了信心；第四、五、六、七段介绍了王霜的相关成就。由此可知，本文主要介绍了王霜的个人经历，跌宕起伏，但依然保持对足球的热情和初心，犹如绽放的铿锵玫瑰。A项“Wang Shuang: A Steel Rose(“铿锵玫瑰”王霜)”更符合文章主题。故选A项。
14．D 15．B 16．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过讲述作者及其母亲对日本作曲家Ryuichi Sakamoto音乐的喜爱，介绍了其音乐引起的矛盾的思想情感。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions. (但对我来说，Sakamoto首先是一个复杂情感的创造者。)”可知，作者喜欢Sakamoto是因为他是复杂情感的缔造者。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Years later, when she played it again on that same piano, now transported to our Chicago home, her hands would crash down on Sakamoto’s drumming and upset bridge. It seemed that she buried herself in her younger dream and at the same time got lost in the reality of living away from her home and family. Both the joy of a fulfilled dream and the sorrow of its harsh realities mixed in Sakamoto’s score, pervading (弥漫) our living room. (多年以后，当她再次在那架钢琴上演奏这首歌时，她的手会在Sakamoto的击鼓和翻倒的桥面上崩溃。她似乎把自己埋在了年轻时的梦想中，同时又迷失在了远离家乡和家人的现实中。梦想实现的喜悦和残酷现实的悲伤交织在Sakamoto的乐谱中，弥漫在我们的客厅里。)”可知，作者的母亲在芝加哥弹奏这首乐曲时，似乎将自己满葬在年轻的梦想中，同时迷失在远离家乡的现实中，由此可知，这种复杂的情感中既有实现梦想的快乐，又充斥着远离家乡的悲痛。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“For many, his combination of noisy notes and joyous ones made him timeless and avant-garde (前卫的). But for me, Sakamoto was first and foremost a creator of complex emotions.”可知，Sakamoto是复杂情感的缔造者，也是作者喜欢他乐曲的原因，结合下文中介绍的作者及母亲在演奏Sakamoto乐曲时的矛盾又复杂的情感感受可知，本文主要关于由Sakamoto音乐唤起的矛盾的情感。故选C项。
17．B 18．C 19．D 20．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了我们应该把艺术家视为与作品相分离的个体，评判优秀艺术作品的标准应该是作品本身的价值，而不是艺术家的价值这一观点。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“One of the reasons is that even artists have shortcomings. Like any other human being, an artist can err, and we cannot be severely judgmental of every person that falls into error. Cancel culture with endless criticism is concerned more with how we should disregard the artists when they make mistakes than with how their weaknesses can be used by the artists to create art that is unique.(其中一个原因是，即使是艺术家，他们也是有缺点的。像任何其他人一样，艺术家也会犯错误，我们不能对每一个犯错误的人都严厉地评判。充斥着无尽批评的封杀文化更关心的是，当艺术家犯错时，我们应该如何忽视他们，而不是艺术家如何利用他们的弱点来创造独特的艺术)”和第三段中“Perhaps Kevin Hart’s words support this thought.(也许凯文·哈特的话支持了这种想法)”可知，上文提出艺术家也会犯错误，我们不能对每一个犯错误的人都严厉地评判，而是应当关注艺术家如何利用他们的弱点来创造独特的艺术。Kevin Hart赞同这种想法，所有他也会赞成“艺术家的缺点可能就是他们的灵感”的说法。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since canceling artists based on their worldview would mean the reception to their art will suffer, artists become tense and unwilling to express themselves, which will kill creativity, eventually leading to the death of art.(因为世界观而封杀艺术家，就意味着对其艺术的认可会受到影响，艺术家会变得紧张，不愿意表达自己，这就会扼杀创造力，最终导致艺术的死亡)”可知，“封杀文化”会导致艺术的死亡是因为它会让艺术家将失去表达和创造的欲望。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While these artists may engage in their terrible behavior, the art they produce today may serve as an example for others to produce outstanding work in the future.(虽然这些艺术家可能会从事他们可怕的行为，但他们今天创作的艺术作品可能会成为未来其他人创作杰出作品的榜样)”可知，一个犯了错误的艺术家的艺术可能会给其他人带来艺术创作的灵感，从而给其它人带来益处。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The question of whether it is possible to dissociate the artist from their work has been debated for a long time. Even though positive critical reviews about an artist’s behavior can improve their artistic accomplishments, people should treat artists as individuals who have lived apart from their work.(是否有可能将艺术家与他们的作品分开的问题已经争论了很长时间。尽管对艺术家行为的正面评论可以提高他们的艺术成就，但人们应该把艺术家视为与作品分离的个体)”和最后一段中“Good art should, therefore, be judged due to its value and not the value of the artist.(因此，评判优秀艺术作品的标准应该是它的价值，而不是艺术家的价值)”可知，文章第一段中提出观点：应该把艺术家视为与作品相分离的个体。文章最后总结：评判优秀艺术作品的标准应该是作品的价值，而不是艺术家的价值，再次强调应该把艺术家与作品分开评价。所以B项“将艺术与艺术家分开”是最佳标题。故选B项。
21．B 22．A 23．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了五个为保护地球作出贡献的儿童英雄。
21．细节理解题。根据Saving the Frogs部分中“When Justin was 5, he learned that their habitats (栖息地) were in danger. Justin started a group called For the Love of Frogs.(当贾斯汀5岁的时候，他得知它们的栖息地处于危险之中。贾斯汀成立了一个名为“为了青蛙的爱”的组织)”可知，得知青蛙的栖息地面临危险激励了贾斯汀建立了一个名为“为了青蛙的爱”的组织。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据Saving the Frogs部分可知，Justin Sather喜欢青蛙，得知它们的栖息地处于危险时，专门成立了一个名为“为了青蛙的爱”的组织筹集资金帮助它们；根据Growing Right部分可知，Aadya Joshi在15岁时把附近的一个垃圾场改造成了一个花园，现在成为The Right Green组织的领导人，她创建这个组织是为了教育人们种植本土植物和维护健康的生态系统；根据Cleaning Up部分可知，13岁的Jeremy Muchilwa和15岁的Michelle Muchilwa两兄妹参加了海洋英雄训练营后开始了与塑料污染的斗争，他们在附近的维多利亚湖发起一项捡拾塑料垃圾的活动；根据Creating Energy部分可知，Xavier Iglesias和一个朋友在阿斯特罗人造草坪上玩耍时注意到人造草坪比真正的草地要热得多。这启发他发明了SoleX草皮，利用人造草皮的热量来发电。综上可知，文中所提到的这些儿童都善于观察身边的环保问题，并用创造性的方法来解决。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“On April 22, we celebrate Earth Day. On that day, people around the world work to help our planet. But many people, including kids, protect the Earth all year long Read about five inspiring kid heroes for the planet.(4月22日，我们庆祝地球日。在那一天，世界各地的人们努力帮助我们的星球。但很多人，包括孩子们，全年都在保护地球。下面是五位鼓舞人心的地球儿童英雄)”可知，本文简要介绍了五个为保护地球作出贡献的儿童英雄，结合选项，小说、传记和科学杂志都不合适，文章很可能是出自新闻网站的人物版块。故选C项。
24．C 25．C 26．B 27．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大熊猫面临的生存困难。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Calgary Zoo in Canada sent two pandas back to China in 2020 due to a shortage of bamboo, reported CNN. (据CNN报道，由于竹子短缺，加拿大卡尔加里动物园于2020年将两只大熊猫送回了中国。)”可知，卡尔加里动物园在2020年将两只熊猫送回中国，因为没有足够的食物给它们。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“They also have trouble absorbing nutrients.   Pandas digest food with the help of certain bacteria, instead of ensymes that most creatures have for digestion, according to a study in 2011. Even with the help of the bacteria, pandas can only digest 17 percent of the food they eat, so they live an energy-conserving lifestyle. (它们在吸收营养方面也有困难。根据2011年的一项研究，熊猫在某些细菌的帮助下消化食物，而不是大多数生物用来消化的酶。即使在细菌的帮助下，熊猫也只能消化它们所吃食物的17%，所以它们的生活方式是节约能量的。)”可推知，大熊猫吸收营养有困难，因为它们的消化系统很脆弱。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Females breed once a year in the spring which lasts only about two or three days. (雌性每年在春天繁殖一次，只持续大约两三天。)”可知，雌性熊猫每年在短时间内繁殖一次。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“With it being decided that Yaya will come back home, this event raises the question of why giant pandas are so difficult to feed and breed. (随着丫丫被决定回家，这一事件引发了一个问题：为什么大熊猫如此难以喂养和繁殖？)”可知，文章主要讲述了大熊猫面临的生存困难。故选D。
28．C 29．C 30．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者通过美妙的音乐，缓解了紧张的气氛，最终大家顺利乘坐巴士到达机场。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Finally, the bus pulled up, and the driver said, “They just pulled me out of bed after an all-night shift, and they expect me to get you to Seattle in time to catch your fight. Good luck!” (最后，公共汽车停了下来，司机说：“他们刚把我从床上拉起来，我上了一整夜的班，他们希望我能及时把您送到西雅图，赶上您的航班。祝您好运!”)”可知，司机迟到了，因为他刚下夜班。故选C。
29．词句猜测题。根据上文“Needless to say, everyone was in a really bad mood. (不用说，每个人的心情都很糟糕。)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思是：我们开车离开了，紧张的气氛使车内的气氛变得可怕！由此可知，horrendous意为“可怕的”。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述作者通过美妙的音乐，缓解了紧张的登机气氛，最终大家顺利乘坐巴士到达机场，所以“一次美妙的音乐巴士之旅”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
31．B 32．B 33．A 34．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章认为即使你不喜欢人工智能，也是时候关注ChatGPT了，因为这是一件大事。但是要警惕ChatGPT也存在各种潜在的缺点，教育工作者应学会将ChatGPT作为一种工具，帮助学生批判性地思考。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段“ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from.( ChatGPT似乎对有良好训练数据可供其学习的领域非常了解)”可知，作者认为ChatGPT是一件大事，因为它在有良好训练数据的领域知识渊博。故选B项。
32．词句猜测题。根据第五段“As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer(正如OpenAI所强调的那样，ChatGPT的答案可能看起来很权威，但却是错误的。“如果你问一个结构很好的问题，目的是给你正确的答案，你可能会得到正确的答案)”以及划线句子前面表示语气转折的转折连词but可知，ChatGPT能正确地回答直接提出的问题，而对于非直接提出的问题，可能会出错，故选B项。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知，ChatGPT能作为工具帮助人们，可推理出文中提到百科全书、计算器和搜索引擎的目的是要说明ChatGPT可以作为工具给人们帮助，故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle(但要小心，OpenAI警告说。ChatGPT有各种潜在的缺点，有些很容易发现，有些更微妙,难以发现)”可推理出ChatGPT有不完美之处；根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知ChatGPT能够作为工具给人们提供帮助，可推理出ChatGPT有光明的未来，故选C项。
35．D 36．C 37．B 38．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现两个具体因素——工作压力大和对工作的控制力低——与高死亡率密切相关。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现等情况。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段“Those with high stress, low-autonomy jobs who died were likely to have suffered depression.(那些工作压力大、自主权低的人很可能患有抑郁症)”可知，GonzalezMulé认同员工应该被允许自己做决定。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In that way, the Covid-19 pandemic may have actually moved things forward: Employers who were unwilling to take the step of allowing flexible working on employees’ terms have had to adapt fast and, in many cases have seen positive results.(从这种角度来看，新冠疫情实际上可能推动了事情的发展：不愿采取措施，允许员工按条件灵活工作的雇主不得不迅速适应，在许多情况下已经看到了积极的结果)”可知，新冠肺炎大流行增加了自主权。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Allowing people to choose what they want to do is kind of a higher order level of autonomy, whereas just allowing people to prioritize tasks and tackle things in the order they want is kind of on the low end(允许人们选择他们想做的事情是一种更高层次的自主权，而仅仅允许人们按照他们想要的顺序排列任务的优先级和处理事情的顺序是一种低层次的自主权)”可知，决定先做什么属于较低层次的自治。故选B。
38．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In a study titled “This job is killing me” conducted at Northern Illinois University and Indiana a University, the researchers discovered that two specific factors-having a high-stress job and low control over one’s work-were closely related with higher death rates.(在北伊利诺伊大学和印第安纳大学进行的一项名为“这份工作要了我的命”的研究中，研究人员发现两个具体因素——工作压力大和对工作的控制力低——与高死亡率密切相关)”可知，B选项“高压力工作可能导致死亡”最符合文章标题。故选B。
39．D 40．A 41．D 42．D

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了一位农民在世界上最艰苦的赛马比赛中名列前茅。
39．细节理解题。由文中第四段首句“Competitors race between checkpoints 22 miles apart, where they change horses.”（竞争者们在相隔22英里的检查站之间比赛，在检查站他们会更换马）可知，在这个比赛中，竞争者们在检查站换马，故选D项。
40．细节理解题。由文中第五段“Walker, whose grandfather Neville Crump trained three Grand National winners, was an hour ahead of his rivals as the race entered its eighth day but was awarded a time penalty (判罚)because his horse had a high heart rate during one of the regular checks to ensure that the animals were healthy.”（Walker的祖父Neville Crump曾经训练出了三位Grand National冠军，他本人领先对手一小时，然而随着比赛进入第八天，由于他的马在一次以确保马的健康状态的常规检查中发现心率高，因此他获得了时间判罚。）可知，他落后的原因是获得了时间判罚，故选A项。
41．词义猜测题。由文中第七段““The horses are quite wild. I got bucked off three times. I fell off in a hole, ” he said. “You’re going along and suddenly disappear. You have to hang on to your horse for dear life or it goes off.””（“马野性十足。我被弹出去了三次，我掉到了一个洞里”，他说。你走着走着就不见了。你必须要紧紧抓住你的马报名否则它会跑走）可知，在本句“He said it was important to form a team mainly because falling off alone means that there is no one to help you retrieve your horse.”（他说形成一个团队是重要的，因为一个人摔下来就意味着没人帮你去 你的马），此处指的是，一个人跌倒了，马会跑走，没人帮你取回你的马，故选D项。
42．推理判断题。由文中第六段“Walker said he had gone to Mongolia to “give it a go” but realized that he stood a chance of winning after teaming up with Patrick Heffron, a competitor from Ireland.”（Walker说他去蒙古是为了“试一试”，但他意识到，在与来自爱尔兰的竞争对手帕特里克·赫夫龙（Patrick Heffron）合作后，他有机会获胜）和第八段“Walker who has raised more than £7000 for the charity Riding for the Disabled Association, own horses and his son is a professional polo player.”（Walker为慈善机构“残疾人骑行协会”筹集了7000多英镑，他拥有马匹，他的儿子是一名职业马球运动员。）可知，Walker是一个有合作精神且慷慨的人，故选D项。
43．A 44．A 45．C 46．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了当今社会科技使人不读不写就能融入社会，但是读写能力仍然是最强大的认知工具。
43．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Could a growing number of people participate in today’s world without reading or writing at all? Technology makes it possible. Most of our devices now talk to us and take spoken commands.(越来越多的人不读不写就能融入当今世界吗？科技使之成为可能。现在，我们的大多数设备都能与我们对话，并接受语音指令)”可知，本段主要介绍，由于智能科技设备的识别语音功能，没有读写识字能力的人也有可能融入社会生活。科技弥补了不识字这一缺陷。故选A项。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“For one, most people read faster than they speak. A podcaster or audio book narrator speaks at around150to 160 words per minute, while a strong reader can cruise through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute. That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they read as opposed to listen.(首先，大多数人读得比说得快。播客或有声书的解说员每分钟大约说150到160个单词，而阅读能力强的人每分钟可以读300到400个单词。这是原来的两倍!研究还发现，与听相比，人们在阅读时能记住更多信息，也更有兴趣)”可知，与听相比，在相等时间内，阅读能获取更多信息。故选A项。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In her book Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading, human beings ‘rearranged the very organization of our brain, which in turn expanded the ways we were able to think, which changed the intellectual evolution of our species.’(玛丽安·沃尔夫在她的书《普鲁斯特和乌贼:阅读大脑的故事和科学》中写道，随着阅读的发明，人类“重新安排了我们大脑的组织，这反过来扩展了我们能够思考的方式，从而改变了我们物种的智力进化)”可知，Maryanne Wolf认为阅读是和大脑组织有联系的，作者提到她的书也是要证明这一点。故选C项。
46．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Could a growing number of people participate in today’s world without reading or writing at all? Technology makes it possible.(越来越多的人不读不写就能融入当今世界吗？科技使之成为可能)”和最后一段末“Would we really choose to give up that progress?What do you think? Do you hope people keep on reading and writing, or will technology make literacy obsolete?(我们真的会选择放弃这种进步吗？你怎么看？你希望人们继续阅读和写作，还是希望科技使读写能力过时？)”可知，作者在和读者互动，期待答复与评论。由此推测，文章可能出自网络博客的帖子。故选B项。
47．B 48．C 49．C

【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一份来自世界各地卫生组织的旅行指南清单，帮助游客考虑旅行时应采取的措施，以降低健康风险。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We have a list of travel guidelines from health organizations around the world to help you consider measures you should take to help reduce health risks when you travel.(我们有一份来自世界各地卫生组织的旅行指南清单，帮助你考虑应该采取的措施，以帮助你在旅行时减少健康风险)”可知，这篇文章想要帮助人们减少健康风险，更安全的旅行。故选B项。
48．细节理解题。根据小标题Social distancing下的段落中“Maintain at least 6 feet or 2 meters (about 2 arm lengths) distance between yourself and others.(你和别人之间保持至少6英尺或2米(大约2个手臂长度)的距离)”可知，作者在文章中提到了保持适当的社交距离。故选C项。
49．细节理解题。根据小标题Anticipate travel needs下的段落中“Bring a cloth face covering or mask to wear in public places. Pack some food in case restaurants and stores are closed, but remember some airlines may limit your ability to carry food and drinks onboard.(带上一些食物以防餐馆和商店关门，但要记住一些航空公司可能会限制你携带食物和饮料的能力)”可知，作者建议携带食物和饮料以备不时之需。故选C项。
50．C 51．A 52．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍JPA项目的招聘要求，项目提供的内容和如何申请加入JPA项目。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. (JPA项目是一个独特的机会，可以获得入门级的专业经验，并直接接触国际开发的挑战和回报。)”可知，JPA项目可以帮助年轻人获得入门级工作经验。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据What are we looking for?中的“You should be 28 years of age or younger.(你的年龄应该在28岁或以下。)” 可知获得JPA项目资格的必要条件是年龄要在28岁或以下，故选A。
52．细节理解题。根据What are we offering you? 中的“We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits.(我们将为您提供在一流开发机构获得入门级专业经验的机会，合同为期两年，并附带福利。)”可知世界银行将提供一份为期两年的合同并附带福利。故选A。
53．B 54．A 55．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题。
53．词义猜测题。根据前文“For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. (对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹。从闪烁的行星到闪耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美丽。)”，以及划线词句中的“but”可知，本句与前句构成了转折关系，前面讲述的对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹，后文应该指出对于那些视力损伤的人则不能享受此经历。故划线词impaired与B选项damaged为同义词，意为“损坏”。故选B。
54．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification.(其他领域的科学家也对数据声波化进行了试验。)”可知，本段中的例子主要阐述的是科学家对数据声波化进行的试验，表明超声波的广泛应用。故选A。
55．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.(《自然-天文学》系列指出，对于个别项目中显示的所有技术精度，没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，很少有发表的工作评估其有效性。)”可知，当前，还没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，即超声技术的标准化还有待实现。故选B。
56．C 57．D 58．B 59．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“快时尚”潮流给环境所带来的危害，以及研究人员为了避免环境危害尝试的措施。
56．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.(人们越来越频繁地购买衣服、鞋类和软垫家具，然后扔掉，换上新的时装，而这些时装本身很快又被抛弃和替换。)”以及第二段中“Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.( 如今，时尚品牌的服装产量几乎是2000年的两倍。但令人难以置信的是，超过500亿件衣服在制作完成后的一年内被丢弃。)”可以推断，快时尚导致时尚浪费的显著增加。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据第四段中“That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling.( 这至少涉及两件事：重新专注于制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，特别是回收利用。)”可知，循环经济注重的是制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. (大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。这种回收需要手工分离纤维，以及纽扣和拉链。)”可知，大多数用过的纺织品都被扔进了垃圾填埋场，部分原因是收集、回收和再利用材料的系统相对较少。故选B。
59．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.( 一小步是好的，但大的改变是必要的。快时尚所带来的令人羞耻的环境成本需要立即大规模、有格调地加以解决。)”可知，就长远来看，我们需要做出大的改变是十分必要的，因此人类应该采取更多措施来应对“快时尚”所带来的沉重的环境代价。故选C。
60．B 61．D 62．A 63．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了主人公Orly通过自己的行动创建了爱心组织，从而影响他人和整个世界。
60．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a young child, listening repeatedly to the song, “Heal the World” by Michael Jackson, Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mark and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace, respect, and love. (小时候，反复听迈克尔·杰克逊的《Heal the World》这首歌，Orly知道她想留下自己的印记，她最想要的是以和平、尊重和爱的名义把人们团结在一起。)”可知，Orly深受《Heal the World》这首歌的影响，让她知道自己决定改变世界。故选B。
61．细节理解题。根据第三段中“With 8,000 cards, she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness. Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed, would be passed onto another person. (有了8000张卡片，她掀起了一股“传递爱心”的浪潮。每张卡片都包含一个善举，一旦完成，就会传递给另一个人。)”可知，善举卡片项目的目的是鼓励人们传递善意。故选D。
62．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Desiring to make a larger impact with her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled ‘Life Vest Inside’, Orly founded (2011) Life Vest Inside (Orly希望通过她的慈善工作产生更大的影响，并受到飞机上一个写着“Life Vest Inside”的小标志的启发，创办了Life Vest Inside(2011)。)”可知，飞机上的一个小标签启发她创建了该组织。故选A。
63．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable! Through LVI, kind happenings are becoming more frequent. And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.(Orly传播的魔力是不可否认的！通过LVI，善意的事情变得越来越频繁。越来越多的人正在经历对给予善意的上瘾。)”可知，在Orly的鼓舞下，越来越多的人愿意向他人展示和表达善意。故选C。
64．C 65．D 66．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在异国读博生涯中，勇于挑战自己，尝试从未做过的工作，最终丰富了自己的阅历，开阔了自己的视野。
64．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第第一句和第二句“As a Ph. D. student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet.”（在异国他乡攻读博士，疫情封控和思乡之情使我感觉非常孤独，迫切想要和人们取得联系。为了找寻我缺失的联系，我在网上寻找可以作为志愿者参与团队合作的机会。）可知，疫情封控和身处异乡使得作者与社会脱节，他为了重新与社会获得联系，他决定申请志愿者工作。故选C项。
65．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句第三句“Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D., I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want. ”（现在我意识到我特别喜欢成为一个团队的一员，并影响他人的生活。随着我离完成博士学位越来越近，我在寻找工作时对自己想要的东西有了一个清晰的想法。）说明作者做了这份工作后，对待职业的态度发生很大的变化，对自己的职业定位更清楚了，因此推断志愿者工作帮助作者确定了自己的职业道路。故选D。
66．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply.”（我没有相关的经验，也担心会干扰自己的学习，但我还是决定去试一下。）说明作者没有害怕未知的工作，结合第三段第一句“I also learned about leadership.”（我也学到了领导力。）说明作者勇于尝试新鲜事物，乐于学习，证明作者是一个勇于接受挑战的人。故选A项。
67．B 68．C 69．D 70．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者提出问题：鼓励一个人积极向上总是会有好的结果吗？然后通过呈现一个研究，说明这样做未必有我们预料的结果。
67．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are.(加拿大的研究人员刚刚在《心理科学》杂志上发表了一项研究，称试图让人们更积极地思考，实际上会产生相反的效果：它只会强调他们有多不快乐。)”可知，我们让人们积极思考，实际上可能会有相反的结果，即鼓励积极思考可能对人们有害。故选B。
68．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. (这项研究的作者，滑铁卢大学的乔安妮·伍德和约翰·李，以及新不伦瑞克大学的伊莱恩·佩鲁诺维奇，首先使用了以前的研究，这些研究表明，当人们得到他们认为过于积极的反馈时，他们实际上感觉更糟，而不是更好。)”可知，当人们得到他们认为过于积极的反馈时，他们实际上感觉更糟，而不是更好，故如果你对一个不太聪明的朋友说他有成为爱因斯坦的潜力的时候，这种积极的话反而会给他带来伤害，即强调他的缺点——他并不是很聪明。故划线词与C选项“you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent(你在强调他不聪明的事实.)”表达相同的意思。故选C。
69．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.( 当铃声响起时，他们被要求告诉自己：“我很可爱。”那些自尊心低的人在被迫自我肯定后并没有感觉更好。事实上，他们的感觉比对照组的成员要糟糕得多，后者没有被敦促去思考积极的想法。)”可知，强迫参与者说“自己是可爱的”，其实并没有让他们感觉更好，反而会让感觉变得更糟糕，即强迫人们去想积极的事情可能会降低他们的自尊。故选D。
70．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.(相反，静思技巧可以教会人们从更大、更现实的角度认识自己的缺点。这就是消极思维的力量。)”可知，静思可能被证明是一种很好的心理治疗形式。故选C。