山东高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份山东高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共45页。
阅读理解
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’ no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances?
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
1．Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2?
A．To indicate future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy.
B．To show improved machines will escape from us.
C．To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D．To compare intelligent machines to ants.
2．Which of the following sayings shares similar meaning with the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A．Time and tide wait for no man. B．Rome wasn’t built in a day.
C．Tomorrow is another day. D．Shot arrows will not come back.
3．How is the passage mainly developed?
A．By giving assumptions. B．By making comparisons.
C．By showing evidence. D．By analyzing statistics.
4．Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s viewpoint towards AI?
A．Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future.
B．Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C．We should keep the development of AI within human’s control.
D．Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI.

Society sometimes thinks disabled people can’t do much of anything. But that misconception has been blown out of the water by successful people who have disabilities. Helen Keller could not see or hear. Thomas Edison and Beethoven were deaf. We also have local achievers who are rarely recognized. For instance, Bob Church.
“When you listen to people on the radio, you often wonder how they look. I wonder at their reaction when I go out to work for the radio station and for the first time they see me. I wonder what their reaction is when they know I have to walk with braces and crutches (拐杖),” Church said.
Church, who got polio (小儿麻痹症) as a child, has hosted the early-morning radio program for almost 14 years. He is likable — the kind of guy you would love to have over to watch a ball game or attend a party.
“I had an accident and broke my legs, and I was in a wheelchair. That was like taking two legs off me, since I used crutches to walk and I couldn’t use one arm, Church said. “That’s the first time I realized that was a problem.” But he isn’t going to let it get him down.
Though he admit she is painful when he gets up each day, it doesn’t seem to be a big deal. Church says he does have some ideas of things he would like to do.
“I take up golf. I’d like to teach disabled kids. If you don’t know, you can’t do it. If no one says you can’t do something, you can usually find away to do it. You know, I’ve affected a lot of people, just by my being. It makes me feel good. A lot of people I know don’t care that I have a disability. Those I don’t know say, ‘Wow,’ when they find out, ”Church says.
5．Why does the author mention some successful people in paragraph 1?
A．To encourage disabled people. B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To provide background information. D．To indicate they are rarely recognized
6．What does Bob Church probably do?
A．He is a morning radio host. B．He is a radio listener.
C．He is a fashion designer. D．He is a stage performer.
7．Which of the following best describes Bob Church?
A．Considerate and brave. B．Unusual and generous.
C．Popular and determined. D．Curious and friendly.
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Church is not content with his life. B．Church is often made fun of by others.
C．Disabled kids usually like playing golf. D．The disabled can also make a difference.

Most of us are aware of “Is the glass half full or half empty?” test. If you pick the former, you’re an “optimist”; otherwise, you’re a “pessimist”. It’s not a black-or-white test, but it can measure how one sees life.
According to psychologist Lissy Ann Puno, most of us grow up wanting to be an optimist-a person who can see the good in any situation and can stay hopeful when facing challenges. For some people, though, life happens and they start to see the glass half-empty instead. Pessimists tend to see the wrong in every situation, and blame external factors and circumstances when things aren’t going their way.
Being continuously fed with bad news and disappointments can turn optimistic children into adults that are critical of almost everything. For some, the shift becomes easier,being raised by pessimistic parents. Others still remain optimistic, thanks to a positive household growing up.
“This is why developing optimism in young children is significant for their development as adults,” said Lissy Ann. If adopted at an early age, this powerful personality quality can help children grow into strong adults capable of handling life’s circumstances with confidence, courage, and hope. What parent wouldn’t want that for their children?
“Children are seen as natural optimists,” Lissy Ann said. They come into this world with unbiased (无偏见的) eyes and a pure heart that hasn’t been influenced by social expectations, life experiences, severe mental shock, or authority figures yet. Whether a child grows up to be optimistic or not is part genetic and part environmental. “Childhood experiences, parent-child connection, or authority figures will all have some influence,” she said. Although optimism (or the lack of it) could be passed down genetically, it can also be taught.
9．What attitude do the people of “the half-empty glass” hold?
A．Focusing more on the negative aspect.
B．Holding onto hope in every challenge.
C．Considering different reasons for situations.
D．Measuring life based on social expectations.
10．What is mainly discussed about the shift into pessimists in Paragraph 3?
A．Possible causes.
B．Proper treatments.
C．Obvious signs.
D．Common misunderstandings.
11．Why is it important for children to be optimistic?
A．It guarantees them a trouble-free life.
B．It enables them to be incomparable in career.
C．It makes them mentally strong in adulthood.
D．It helps them meet their parents’  expectations.
12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Children master interpersonal skills naturally.
B．Genetic factors decide how children see life.
C．Optimism strengthens parent-child connection.
D．Proper guidance helps raise optimistic children.

After working a long shift at a restaurant, most people want to collapse on the sofa at the end of the day. But it’s not the case with Eliot Middleton. Instead, he picks up his tool kit and heads out to his front yard, where he works on one of the many junk cars resting there.
On his days off,Eliot replaces,repairs,and saves auto (汽车) parts from donated vehicles. He learned how to repair cars as a teenager when his dad gave him two that needed major repairs as soon as he got his driver’s license. He was tasked with taking the good parts from both vehicles and creating one safe, reliable ride. He did it and the project left him with a lifelong appreciation for auto repair.
Eliot studid and worked as an auto mechanic for years after high school. But in 2020, he purchased a barbecue restaurant just days before the COVID-19 forced restaurants to shut down. Instead of panicking, he focused on takeout and outdoor dining to keep his new business going on.
No matter how busy he gets at the restaurant, he never loses sight of his passion project. He has collected about 90 donated cars, which he keeps at his home and at friends’ properties nearby. He has already refurbished 28 of them so he could give them away to struggling families in his community.
Eliot donated the first car he repaired to the mother of a child with a disability, as she needed a vehicle to go to the hospital regularly. The freedom that comes with transportation enabled her to finally get a job and make positive changes in her family’s life! Since then, Eliot has started a nonprofit called Middleton’s Village To Village. Its mission is simple: “We repair donated cars to donate them to families in need!”
13．How does Eliot usually spend his free time?
A．He runs an outdoor barbecue restaurant.
B．He devotes himself to repairing cars.
C．He works part-time in a local charity.
D．He enjoys sitting alone on the sofa.
14．What aroused Eliot’s lifelong passion for car repair?
A．Personal guidance from his father.
B．A collection of second-hand cars.
C．His teenager car-repairing experience.
D．The build-up of his auto knowledge.
15．What does the underlined word “refurbished” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Driven.
B．Tested.
C．Sold.
D．Fixed.
16．Which of the following can best describe Eliot Middleton?
A．Polite and open-minded.
B．Humorous and easy-going.
C．Determined and warm-hearted.
D．Honest and far-sighted.

Whether you’re looking for a steamy cup of coffee or a wide range of sweet treats, there are endless selections of cafes that have something for you.
Cosha
This warm-coloured cafe situated inCentral is the perfect place for a brunch. The beautifully colored juices that pair up with the salty dishes are also worth a try. Let an icy Super Strawberry Juice or Mango Hill Juice help you beat the summer heat.
Location: 61 Elgin Street, Central, Hong Kong
The Salfee Bar
Check out the newly opened branch at Quarry Bay, featuring a wide selection of salads and coffee.This vegetarian-friendly bar classifies salads based on their health benefits, including immune(免疫)boost, heart guardian and anti-aging.You can also choose a fruity coffee to go green and go along with your salad.
Location:34 Hoi Kwong Street, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong
Knockbox
Found in the jam-packed neighbourhood of Wan Chai, Knockbox puts emphasis on the colors in coffee, encouraging customers to visualize their coffee-drinking experiences with the shop front. A cup of “red honey catuai ” is only as different as a “long black”. Let Knockbox lead you to see the beauty in coffee and to “taste”  out of the box.
Location:3 Burrows Street, Wan Chai,  Hong Kong
Yama Coffee
Located in the busy neighbourhood of Yau Ma Tei,Yama Coffee takes you on a short vacation to Japan, as its design is based on a Japanese theme. The cafe is divided into two floors-the lower level mainly serves takeaway,while the upper level provides a variety of services, including reading and writing.
Location:15 Pitt Street, Yau Ma Tei, Hong Kong
17．Which cafe will you choose if you have a taste for healthy salads?
A．Cosha.
B．The Salfee Bar.
C．Knockbox.
D．Yama Coffee.
18．Which of the following makes Yama Coffee special?
A．The wide variety of coffee.
B．Pleasant space for coffee and study.
C．Perfect choices for a brunch.
D．The inviting colors in coffee.
19．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To inform readers of different cafes.
B．To compare the business of the cafes.
C．To share studies of special coffee.
D．To show food culture in Hong Kong.

The robot watched as Shikhar Bahl opened there frigerator door. It recorded his movements, the swing of the door and more，analyzing this data and readying itself to imitate(模仿)what Bahl had done.It failed at first,missing the handle completely at times, grabbing it in the wrong spot or pulling it incorrectly. But after a few hours of practice, the robot succeeded and opened the door.
“Imitation is a great way to learn,”said Bahl, a Ph.D．student at the Robotics Institute (RI) in Carnegie Mellon University.“Having robots actually learn from directly watching humans remains an unsolved problem in the field,but this work takes a significant step in enabling that ability.”
Bahl worked with Deepak Pathak and Abhinav Gupta, both faculty members in the RI, to develop a new learning method for robots called WHIRL,short for In-the-Wild Human Imitating Robot Learning. WHIRL is an efficient computation program for visual imitation. People constantly perform various tasks in their homes. With WHIRL, a robot can observe those tasks, gather the video data it needs and then go about practicing and learning to accomplish the tasks on its own.
The team added a camera and their software to an off-the-shelf robot,and it learned how to do more than 20 tasks—from opening and closing appliances,cabinet doors and drawers to putting a lid on a pot,pushing in a chair and even taking a garbage bag out of the bin.
Current method for teaching a robot a task typically relies on reinforcement(强化)learning. In reinforcement learning, the robot is typically trained on millions of examples in imitation and then asked to adapt that training to the real world.
This learning model works well when teaching a robot a single task in a structured environment,but it is difficult to extend and deploy(调动).WHIRL can learn from any video of a human doing a task. It is capable of being easily expanded, not limited to one specific task and can operate in realistic home environments.
20．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 1?
A．The robot can’t learn to do things by itself.
B．It isn’t easy for robots to learn housework.
C．It is a big step for robots to enter the home.
D．People are patient to teach robots to do housework.
21．What is the aim of studying the WHIRL by the team?
A．To make robots learn housework efficiently.
B．To replace humans in housework with robots.
C．To help people know about the life with robots.
D．To teach a robot a single task in home environment.
22．What does the author focus on in paragraph 4?
A．The process of developing WHIRL. B．The achievements of the research.
C．The tasks the robot needs to complete. D．The advantages of the new method.
23．How do the last two paragraphs develop?
A．By making comparisons. B．By explaining causes and effects.
C．By introducing learning methods. D．By summarizing the functions of WHIRL.

Jingdezhen is famous as China’s porcelain (瓷器) capital. It was one of thestops of a group of international youths as they visited Jiangxi Province.
The group’s visit to Jingdezhen was organised by the 2022 Global Young Leaders Dialogue (GYLD) China Tours program. The program offers young people around the world a chance to experience Chinese culture, learn about the life of the nation’s people, and appreciate China’s beautiful scenery through interesting visits and exchanges that take them all over the country.
In Jingdezhen, they visited Imperial Kiln (御窑) Museum. “Before I came to the Imperial Kiln Museum, I had no idea it would take such a complicated (复杂的) process to restore (修复) a piece of porcelain left over from ancient times,” American TV host Steven Weathers said. “Even with the help of high technology, it is hard to imagine how many modern means have played a part in the process of cultural relic protection,” he added.
Daria Lisaia, a researcher from Vanke Urban Research in Shenzhen, shared Weathers’ opinion. Some porcelain musical instruments have been produced with these imperial kilns from ancient days and traditional tools for making porcelain, so we can “hear the music” from hundreds of years ago, she said. “It’s like ancient culture is reborn,” she explained.
In addition to exploring the porcelain art, the group also came to Huangling Village in Wuyuan County, an ancient village around 80 km east of Jingdezhen. Huangling was once packed with run-down houses and buildings. Changes began to take place in 2009, with over 80 percent of the old houses restored. Today, many people come here to enjoy its historic scenes and natural beauty. In early autumn, large bamboo baskets filled with crops, such as chilies, pumpkins and chrysanthemum flowers, are placed in front of the local houses. Locals dry and preserve their crops for winter. Today, the longstanding practice has become a symbol of local culture and an important part of tourism.
24．What is the purpose of the 2022 GYLD China Tours program?
A．To protect traditional Chinese culture.
B．To let people know more about China.
C．To attract more people to Jingdezhen.
D．To learn ancient skills from local people.
25．What did Steven Weathers say about the restoration of cultural relics?
A．It is not an easy job.
B．It is very easy to learn.
C．Traditional ways are better.
D．New technologies speed the process.
26．Why have some porcelain musical instruments been produced?
A．To create new instruments.
B．To keep up with the times.
C．To bring back ancient music.
D．To show good porcelain skills.
27．What does the author say about Huangling Village?
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It is now a tourist attraction.
C．It should speed up its progress.
D．It should develop a new industry.

White Nights Festival
St. Petersburg, Russia (May 26 July 23)
Picture a sunny walk down the streets of one of Europe’s most beautiful and cultured cities. Stop to observe grand canals, parks architecture, and many other historical landmarks, all in the middle of the night! The White Nights Festival aims to improve cultural exchanges between Russia and the rest of the world. It was also created to improve the image of Russia and promote it as a world center for the arts.
Songkran Festival
Thailand (April 13-15)
Songkran Festival, marking the traditional Thai New Year, takes place across the country. In addition to sightseeing at local temples, people flood the streets to take part in large water fights. The throwing of water is a sign of respect and well-wishing, as believers hope to remove bad luck.
Exit Festival
Novi Sad, Serbia (July 6-9)
Exit Festival is a multi-type music festival in Novi Sad, Serbia. Hugely respected throughout Europe and across the globe, the festival has becomé a regular (常客) on “best in the world” lists. Known for its huge variety, Exit Festival welcomes global stars of rock, pop, dance, hip-hop and more to the Petrovaradin Fortress on the banks of the Danube.
Snow Star Festival
Sinakara Valley, Peru (Dates vary between May June)
Tens of thousands of pilgrims (朝圣者) crowd the Sinakara andean valley in the Cusco region with dancers in beautiful skirts performing non-stop over three days. Known as the Snow Star Festival, the gathering falls in line with the reappearance of the star cluster (星团)(Pleiades in the Southern Hemisphere, marking the abundance of the harvest season).
28．What makes the White Nights Festival different from the other three festivals?
A．It is held in summer every year.
B．It connects worldwide people together.
C．It is a unique way to promote arts.
D．Viewers can enjoy scenery at night.
29．Where should you go if you are interested in music?
A．St. Petersburg, Russia
B．Thailand
C．Novi Sad, Serbia
D．Sinakara Valley, Peru
30．What is the special meaning of the Snow Star Festival?
A．It has a lot to do with harvest.
B．Its opening time is not fixed.
C．It is in honor of the Pleiades.
D．It attracts many good dancers.

France has changed the rules in its grocery stores and marketplaces. Starting on January 1, 2022, most fresh fruits and vegetables can no longer be packaged for salern plastic.
Under the new law, more than 30 types of fruits and vegetables must now be sold in materials that can be recycled. Potatoes, tomatoes, apples and carrots are some of the items included in the list. Plastic will still be allowed for packs that are over 1.5 kilograms. Smaller items such as raspberries and cherry tomatoes can still be sold in plastic for now, but the country plans to ban (禁止) all single-use plastic packaging for whole fruits and vegetables by 2026.
This ban on plastic packaging is part of a broader effort by France to control plastic waste across a range of sectors. Other efforts include preventing restaurants from including plastic toys in children’s meals, newspapers and magazines from being delivered in plastic, and tea bags being sold in plastic packages. Furthermore, public locations must provide water refill stations to disincentivize the use of single-use water bottles.
It’s believed that 37% of fresh fruits and vegetables are wrapped in plastic in France. The government says the new ban will stop one billion pieces of plastic from being used each year.
Not everyone is happy with the change. François Roch, president of the French fruit sellers’ federation, told Reuters, “Selling loose produce is complicated (复杂的) as many customers touch the fruit and people do not want their fruit to be touched by other customers.”
The ban will likely require a change in habits Shoppers will probably have to take their own reusable bags to fill and weigh. It will be interesting to see how France deals with the complications that come with selling loose produce, and whether other countries follow suit, once a precedent (先例) has been set.
31．What’s the purpose of the new ban?
A．To reduce plastic waste. B．To control overspending.
C．To recycle plastic products. D．To fight over-packaging.
32．What does the underlined word “disincentivize” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Ignore. B．Measure. C．Increase. D．Discourage.
33．How does François Roch feel about the new law?
A．Relaxed. B．Dissatisfied. C．Surprised. D．Interested.
34．What is a probable result of the ban according to the author?
A．More attention to a healthy lifestyle. B．A change in customers’ shopping habits.
C．Fewer tips to stores and supermarkets. D．A drop in the sale of fruits and vegetables.

I can’t miss the little old lady with her kerchief (方头巾) on her head, a black umbrella blowing allover. I can tell she is freezing. She is standing at a bus stop, and I’m driving by, late for my early morning shift (轮班). I decide to stop and offer her a ride.
Of course, she declines, but when I ask again and insist, finally, she gets in the car. I take her to her destination, and by the time she gets out of my car, she is smiling and thanks me.
I was late for work that day, but I was so glad that I stopped. That was 40 years ago, and the beginning of a new habit, one that continues when I’m out driving in bad weather.
If there’s someone at a bus stop, especially if it’s an elderly person waiting at off hours and in bad weather, I will pull over and ask if they need a ride.
Once, a young doctor jumped in. She had finished a long shift and had been waiting and waiting at the bus stop. She had no hesitation and, for the first time, I was able to help someone who performs miracles (奇迹) on a daily basis. That felt good.
But the best part of my ride offers is the conversation. I do tend to ask a lot of questions: where are you from, where are you going, family, background, pets and whatever else comes to mind. Surprisingly, everyone wants to chat. We are usually laughing by the time the ride is over. “What a shame!” I often think when they hop out, as the stories were just getting started. Now as retirement (退休) approaches, I believe I have found my calling. I will be happy to join a community driving program to take people to one appointment or another — or perhaps just to the coffee shop to sit and listen for an hour.
As the years pass, perhaps I will be the one standing at the bus stop. Perhaps there will be somebody who rolls down a window and offers me a seat for a little ride. I will continue to take that leap of faith in the kindness of strangers.
35．What are the first three paragraphs mainly about?
A．How the author started offering rides. B．The value of the author’s actions.
C．An old lady who impressed the author. D．An accident that happened 40 years ago.
36．What does the author like most about her ride offers?
A．Helping people who contribute to society. B．People-accepting her offer without hesitation.
C．Chatting with her passengers. D．Making friends with her passengers.
37．What does the author plan to do?
A．Become a taxi driver after retirement. B．Continue driving people to their destinations.
C．Wait to be offered a ride at a bus stop. D．Share her stories with more people.
38．What message does the author want to convey?
A．Elderly people need more care and support. B．It is important to find a purpose in life.
C．Offering rides to strangers involves risks. D．Believing in the kindness of strangers.

The students stand on a pier (码头) over the Harlem River in New York City. They stare down into the brown water. Their teacher, Mr. Rodman, pulls a long rope out of the river. Fastened to the end of the rope is a metal cage and inside are oysters (牡蛎). Taking turns, the students measure all the oysters, and then compare notes. The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age! They also measure the level of oxygen. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen. Also, other animals should move in.
Oysters are soft-bodied animals, and share the underwater community with plants, fish, and other life. They are food for crabs and other animals. As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones，forming big reefs with many small spaces where other animals live. Oysters eat algae (藻类). If algae grow too fast，they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!
But what happened to the oysters 100years ago in New York Harbor? Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters. They were shipped to restaurants around the world. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing-until recently.
The Billion Oyster Project began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor. The project has recruited (招募) more than 6,500 students at more than 100 middle schools and high schools to help grow, distribute, and study the oysters.
Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage. Mr. Rodman lowers the cage into the river. In a few months, they will check the cage again. When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to join a healthy reef in the middle of the harbor.
39．Why do students come to the pier over the Harlem River?
A．To do research. B．To go fishing.
C．To buy oysters. D．To clean up the river.
40．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．What oysters are like. B．How oysters get fed.
C．Why algae grow fast. D．What role oysters play.
41．What can we learn about oysters in New York Harbor?
A．People’s love of eating oysters boosted their numbers.
B．More oysters than before lived in waters in the 1900s.
C．Polluted water was partly to blame for the missing of oysters.
D．New laws in the 1970s were crucial to oysters’ recovery.
42．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Oysters Raised in New York Harbor
B．The Harlem River Polluted Heavily
C．Nature’s Helpful Crew Brought Back
D．Teacher Devoted to Wildlife Protection

Winter is over, so chances are you’re ready for some major spring cleaning or cleansing. Whether you plan to clean your bedroom or wipe the windows, don’t forget to tidy up the kitchen! According to a study, a messy(凌乱的)cooking space can lead to overeating.
As part of the study, 101 female students were put in standard kitchen and messy kitchen environments and were asked to write about a time when they felt in control or out of control. Next, they were given cookies, crackers and carrots. Students in the “messy kitchen” who wrote about feeling out of control ate about twice as many cookies as the people in the in-control situation.
The researchers found that a messy environment can actually make people more likely to eat unhealthy foods, but the person’s mindset(思维模式)within that environment can either trigger or protect against overeating. In the messy kitchen, women who wrote about a time when they felt in control consumed fewer cookie calories than the women who wrote about being out of control.
As the researchers pointed out, our mindset affects whether we win overeat unhealthy foods while in a messy kitchen. If we go into the kitchen with an “in-control?” attitude, we might not eat as many cookies. But then again, why not try out cleaning up the kitchen and see what it does?
Everything that feeds you doesn’t come on a plate such as your relationships, physical activity, and spirituality. Your home environment is also a big part of that nourishment (营养). So whether you tidy up your kitchen or your living room- being mindful of your living space (just like your diet!) can have a positive effect on health.
43．Why were the students asked to write if they were feeling in control or not?
A．To find out the relationship between the environment and mindsets.
B．To learn if the could choose the right amount of food to eat.
C．To see the effect of the mindset on eating.
D．To make them stay long in the kitchen.
44．What does the underlined word “trigger” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Break up.
B．Depend on.
C．Hold back.
D．Set off.
45．What suggestion does the author give?
A．Keeping your living space clean.
B．Staying away from unhealthy food.
C．Protecting yourself against overeating.
D．Finding suitable ways to slay healthy.
46．What type of writing is the text likely to be?
A．An announcement.
B．A research report.
C．A study plan.
D．A medical report.

In the seat next to the mess sat an elderly woman digging through a handbag. She smiled apologetically when she saw me and quickly reached over to move her items. I took my seat and then found something right under my left leg.
“I think you forgot this.” I said, handing her the end of a broken hairbrush.
“Sorry!” she shook her head, “I wanted to clean out this old handbag on the ride to work and I have thrown things everywhere.”
The train continued its journey and she continued her cleaning. As we got close to the station at Braddock Road, she stopped digging and suddenly sat upright.
She held a small red marble (玻璃弹子) and said, “My son has grown up but he had a set of red marbles he played with all the time. I’m sure it was one of his.”
“It’s crazy to hold on to it just because it reminds me that my son was once a tiny boy.” She turned and stared through the window as trees passed by, “Isn’ it?”
“Not really,” I said, “I have boxes of things like this marble.”
“You wouldn’t keep something as silly as a marble, would you?” she asked.
“Oh, yes,” I said, remembering some of my sentimental (情感的) things. “For many years I’ve kept a dog tooth our dog lost, a cracker box my grandmother used in her kitchen, and a tiny basket my son made. Everything has a story.”
I told her about various items I’ve saved, any one of which could look like meaningless rubbish to others. To me, each one has something to say.
Who could know how many times my grandmother’s caring hands had opened the cracker box? The little dog tooth is a reminder of my furry best friend. The tiny basket was made by my son with the help of my father who passed away a few years ago.
“I just might keep that, too.” she smiled.
47．What was the elderly woman doing when the author met her?
A．She was hurrying to work.
B．She was tidying up her handbag.
C．She was looking for her lost handbag.
D．She was making a terrible mess of her work.
48．What did the elderly woman think of the small red marble?
A．It is necessary to keep the marble.
B．It was a reminder of her happy childhood.
C．It brought back memories of her son.
D．It took her mind off the long train journey.
49．What can we infer about the author?
A．She is against wasting things.
B．She enjoys living a simple life.
C．She has become very forgetful in recent years.
D．She likes collecting good reminders of great times.
50．Why did the elderly woman say the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．She decided to let go of the past.
B．She made up her mind to keep the handbag.
C．She was moved and agreed with the author.
D．She realized the importance of understanding.

With classic local tour packages to choose from, visitors can tour Paris — a city of art and romance with convenience.
City Tour in Paris
Opening time: Daily
We will start the day by driving past the Place de la Concorde, the Champs Elysesand the Arc de Triomphe. Then, a Seine River boat trip will take us to see some of the most famous landmarks from the water. Our last stop will be the Eiffel Tower on the Champs de Mars.
Grand Louvre Museum Guided Tour
Opening time: Wed.—Sun.
Featuring classical paintings and sculptures, the Louvre is packed with masterpieces from different periods and cultures. Visitors will feast their eyes on several collections ranging from ancient Greek statues to romantic French paintings and admire the impressive Louvre Pyramid made of glass and metal.
Half Day Versailles Tour
Opening time: Tue.—Sun.
Guests will be picked up on the banks of the Seine and enjoy a river view by boat for 30 minutes. Then, we will drive southwest until we reach Versailles, once the home of French royalty. We can also visit the shops which sell old and valuable items and the traditional marketplace.
Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge
Opening time: Thur.—Sat.
In the evening, guests will gather at the appointed locations to begin the tour. While enjoying a delicious dinner, we will watch a show at the Moulin Rouge, which is recognized as a must-see. Built in 1889, it is marked by a red windmill on the roof.
51．Which place can visitors travel to every day?
A．Versailles. B．The Louvre.
C．The Moulin Rouge. D．The Champs de Mars.
52．Which tour do the artists like most?
A．City Tour in Paris
B．Half Day Versailles Tour.
C．Grand Louvre Museum Guided Tour.
D．Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge.
53．What can you do during the Half Day Versailles Tour?
A．Buy some old items of great value.
B．See some famous landmarks by boat.
C．Admire the impressive Louvre Pyramid.
D．Enjoy a river view on the banks of the Seine.

Among thousands of emperor penguins in Atka Bay, a yellow robot named ECHO quickly moves over the Antarctic environment and patiently observes the birds. The autonomous, remote-controlled robot is about three feet long and stands at eye level with the adult penguins. It monitors Southern Ocean ecosystems in real-time, year-round with small impact on wildlife.
ECHO was designed by the Marine Animal Remote Sensing Lab at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. Scientists hope to use the robot as part of a 30-year project looking at the impact of climate change on the region. Since emperor penguins are among the top predators (捕食性动物) in the region, studying their populations can show the health of the Antarctic environment.
Scientists must physically catch penguins and put chips on their hacks to track them. But to gather data on the chips, scientists have to get close enough to the devices to scan (扫描) them, and sometimes, penguins are hard to locate, or the weather may be too terrible for humans to go out in the field.
ECHO removes these issues by acting as a mobile observatory that can monitor thousands of penguins each year. The robot can easily approach the penguins and scan the chips without introducing a harmful human footprint or affecting the birds. The robot is equipped with LIDAR, or light detection and ranging, and a 360-degree camera that can monitor penguins on large areas and uses an antenna (天线) to read each penguin’s chip.
While ECHO has only been tested for a year, researchers say the penguins do not seem to be afraid of it and don’t mind it when it comes near. When penguins gather in large groups during the wintertime, ECHO can steal in and scan penguins as they brave the elements. By tracking their behaviors over time, researchers can observe how penguins adapt and follow where they go to search for food. In turn, these data points can also determine the true size of protected areas of the sea.
54．Why do researchers monitor the penguins?
A．To further understand the food chain.
B．To protect the birds from being hunted.
C．To find out how the birds survive winters.
D．To learn about the Antarctic environment.
55．How do researchers get the information about the penguins?
A．By keeping a few of them. B．By visiting them often in person.
C．By attaching chips to them. D．By referring to previous findings.
56．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The advantages of the robot. B．The challenges of the project.
C．The population of the penguins. D．The environment of the region.
57．What can we infer about ECHO from the last paragraph?
A．It will be joined by more robots. B．Its work is going on smoothly.
C．It will be brought back before long. D．Its equipment requires updating.

With green mountains and wide beaches — as well as ruins (废墟) from the days of the ancient Greeks and Romans — the island nation of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean offers a large number of eye-catching places to visit. Here are just a few.
Painted Churches in the Troodos Mountains
The Troodos Mountains, on the southern side of the island, are popular for walker and winter sports fans. But they’re also famous for a group of churches whose inside walls are covered with colorful paintings from as far back as the 11th century. From the outside, the buildings may not look very special, but step inside and almost every stone tells a story of the ancient past.
Ayia Napa
On the east coast, Ayia Napa is the island’s party capital — but that’s not all there is to do. In 2021, the Museum of Underwater Sculpture opened around 200 meters from the beach. Visitors must book with a local diving company in order to see the sculptures, of which there are more than 90. According to artist Jason deCaires Taylor, the idea of the museum is to make people think about the way that humans and nature live together.
Northern Cyprus
The Turkish-speaking northern part of the island — which has called itself an independent state since 1983 — is quieter than the south. But there is lots to see both in the back streets of Girne and Lefkosa — also known as Kyrenia and North Nicosia — as well as the ancient city of Salamis, with its 2,000-year-old outdoor theater.
58．What are the Troodos Mountains known for?
A．Huge stones. B．Strange buildings.
C．Ancient churches. D．Dangerous sports.
59．What makes the Museum of Underwater Sculpture so special?
A．Its location. B．Its history. C．Its size. D．Its collection.
60．Where is the text most probably taken from?
A．A historical novel. B．A science report.
C．A geography book. D．A travel magazine.

William Dunn is the founder of Take a Kid Fishing, Inc, a nonprofit organization in Lakeland, Florida, which teaches poor and fatherless kids through the sport of fishing.
A dozen years ago, inspired by his six-year-old fatherless neighbor, Cam ran, who got angry and shouted at his mom, William asked Cam ran’s mom for permission to take Cam ran fishing. Cam ran was “hooked” from that first trip. The two fished together several times a week, and William saw positive changes in Cam ran’s behavior. “That’s when I realized that I had the duty to help fatherless kids,” he says.
On weekends, William and a few other volunteers take 20 to 25 kids out fishing on a rental boat, which was supported by the captain of the Double Eagle. Many have never been fishing or even on a boat, so William—or Big Will, as the kids call him — starts by teaching the basics. Then come the life lessons that fishing offers: patience, teamwork and the simple joy of relaxing in the outdoors. Take a Kid Fishing, Inc. has taken more than 600 fishing trips with almost 2,000 kids who don’t have a father in their lives.
He wants to share his love of fishing with kids who don’t have a father to take them. “I just want to show them that I care about them, that I’m there for them,” he says. Because many kids go on multiple trips, William is able to build relationships with them. He and Cam ran, now 20, still regularly fish together, and Camran sees Big Will as a father figure.
Take a Kid Fishing, Inc., has a huge impact, but it started because William wanted to help one kid. Do you know a child who might benefit from your friendship? Introduce them to fishing or another hobby you enjoy. You can make a great difference to their life.
61．What inspired William Dunn to found Take a Kid Fishing, Inc.?
A．Kids’ passion for fishing. B．Positive changes of a fatherless neighbor.
C．Unfortunate experiences of fatherless kids. D．Behavior of other volunteers to help fatherless kids.
62．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Many kids expected fishing experiences. B．Few kids participated in the fishing trips.
C．The organization taught more than basic skills. D．The fishing boat was offered by other volunteers.
63．We do we know about William Dunn from the text?
A．He is an experienced captain. B．He thinks company matters in kids’ lives.
C．He had an unhappy childhood as a fatherless kid. D．He wanted to raise money for the fatherless kids.
64．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Fishing Changes Fatherless Kids’ Life B．Friendship Has a Great Impact on Kids
C．Fishing Offers Kids the Joy of Relaxing D．The Love of Fishing Bonds Family Together

Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.
Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild，yet provide grazing(牧草)for domestic animals, and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.
Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne’s ground plum(李子)，native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.
The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.
In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of those changes. In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.
That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.
65．What is Dr. Sax’s study aimed to do?
A．Kecp track of introduced species.
B．Get introduced species fully understood.
C．Compare opinions on introduced species.
D．Identify consequences of introducing species.
66．Why was Pyne’s ground plum transplanted to other places?
A．To provide graze for local animals.
B．To produce wood for construction.
C．To build a new local ecosystem.
D．To save local species from dying out.
67．How do local people react to the introduction of ring-necked parakeets?
A．They don’t care about it.
B．They consider it acceptable.
C．They can’t put up with it.
D．They hold divided opinions on it.
68．What does Dr. Sax suggest to the future researchers?
A．Focusing on main values.
B．Evaluating evident changes.
C．Analyzing previous researches.
D．Presenting all-round assessments.

Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.
“Truly the whole process starts with menu planning,” he said. Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end-to-end use of products. As chefs, they are always searching for the best ingredients. It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.
When they do have waste, even if minimal, they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost (堆肥) that’s then used across the Walt Disney World property. They also support Second Harvest, a local community food bank where healthy produce, prepared, but not served, meals eatable for human consumption are donated. Disney also works with pig farmers when they can’t distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption. Besides, wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that.
Their operations are “on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow” where chefs learn the full-life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft.
Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year, plus those bees help with cross pollination (授粉) of their gardens on a daily basis. They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food, but an appreciation for nature.
69．Where did Michael Gonsalves’ idea about cuisine come from?
A．His mom’s suggestions. B．His dream of becoming a chef.
C．His interest in delicious food. D．His labor experience as a child.
70．How are the ingredients dealt with in Golden Oak?
A．They are grilled to eat. B．They are used to the fullest.
C．They are divided into groups. D．They are selected by quality.
71．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．Give examples about zero waste.
B．Introduce the unique habit of wildlife.
C．Stress the importance of natural food.
D．Explain the operation mode of the food bank.
72．Which of the following is a suitable title for the lext?
A．Disney World:New Cuisine Road
B．Michael Gonsalves:Creative Chef
C．Michael Gonsalves:Advocate of Food Diversity
D．Disney World:Pioneer in Environmental Protection

A new study shows girls and boys as young as seven have the choice of jobs with gender differences. Girls choose jobs based on care and love, while boys choose jobs based on money and power.
Professor Laura Scholes and Dr Sarah McDonald surveyed 332 Year 3 students from 14 Australian schools. They found that the top professions for boys included sports and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) related jobs, while girls, on the other hand, wanted to be teachers or nurses.
Professor Scholes said the influence of gender stereotypes (刻板印象) on such choices begins in early childhood. “Bright pink toys for girls and blue toys for boys are sold on store shelves around the world.” she said, “In the boys’ section, you’ll find science, construction and warfare toys—perhaps a robot or a telescope. In the girls’ section, you’ll see toys related to cleaning, dolls, kitchens, makeup, jewellery and crafts.”
“This results in lower numbers of girls taking STEM subjects at school. In turn, this means fewer women are going to work in the sciences.” Professor Scholes’s comments came as women make up only 2 percent of the STEM workforce, with the biggest gap in the highest-paid jobs of computer science and engineering.
In Australia, some brands are no longer targeting boys or girls with their toys. Danish toy giant Lego last week announced that they would remove gender stereotypes from their toys, after a global study found that 71 percent of boys feared being made fun of for playing with toys marketed at girls. Lego said its products were mainly used by boys, but it promised to work to remove gender preference from its toys and instead market them for both genders.
73．Which of the following jobs do the boys tend to choose?
A．Programmers B．Teachers C．Nurses D．Dressers
74．Why do fewer girls choose STEM subjects according to Professor Scholes?
A．Because of the influence of gender stereotypes.
B．Because of their desire to be teachers or nurses.
C．Because of their hobbies based on care and love.
D．Because the jobs concerned with sciences are low-paid.
75．What did some brands do in Australia?
A．Advertise their products for boys.
B．Advertise their products for both genders.
C．Target boys or girls with their products.
D．Using gender stereotypes from their toys.
76．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Fewer girls choose STEM subjects
B．Clever children love STEM subjects
C．Brands target children with their toys based on gender
D．Gender differences affect job choosing for children




参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过假设说明，对于未来的智能机器，我们人类应该把人工智能的发展控制在人类的控制之内。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.”（我们不恨它们。我们不会特意去伤害它们。事实上，有时候我们尽量不伤害它们。我们在人行道上跨过它们。但只要它们的存在与我们的目标严重冲突，我们就会毫不犹豫地杀死它们。我们担心有一天我们会制造出机器，无论它们是否有意识，它们都可以同样漠视我们）可知，此处提到平时我们对待蚂蚁时尽量不伤害它们，而当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标冲突时，我们会好不犹豫地杀死它们。拿此事例类比我们未来制造的智能机器，可以证明机器对待我们时也会一样的残忍。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can.”( 事实是，我们将继续改进我们的智能机器。我们有迫切需要解决的问题。如果可以的话，我们会这么做的。)可知，人类社会会继续提升智能机器，来解决一些急需解决的问题。由此判断出人类已经不能停止研发智能机器的行动。A. Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待；B. Rome wasn’t built in a day.罗马不是一日建成的；C. Tomorrow is another day.明天又是崭新的一天；D. Shot arrows will not come back.开弓没有回头箭。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.”（我们担心有一天我们会制造出机器，无论它们是否有意识，它们都可以同样漠视我们）第三段中“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）第四段中“So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.”（所以想象一下，我们偶然发现了一个超级智能人工智能的设计，它没有任何安全隐患）可知，文章主要是通过假设来论证文章的主题。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.”（考虑到智能和自动化的价值，我们将继续改进我们的技术，如果我们有能力的话。在某种程度上，我们会建造比我们更聪明的机器。一旦我们有了比我们更聪明的机器，它们就会开始自我改进。真正令人担忧的是，我们将制造出比我们更有竞争力的机器。他们的目标和我们的目标稍有不同就会毁了我们）可知，当机器比我们人类更智能时，它们就会开始自我改进，制造出比我们更有竞争力的机器。当他们的目标和我们的目标稍有不同就会毁了我们。最后一段“But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.”（ 但是，一旦我们承认信息处理是智慧的源泉，我们就必须承认，我们正在建造某种上帝。现在是个好时机，我们要确保这是一个我们可以与之共存的神）可知，我们人类应该要确保智能机器与我们人类共存，即我们人类要让智能机器置于我们的控制之内。故选C。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了残疾人鲍勃·丘奇是早间电台主持人，丘奇小时候得了小儿麻痹症，但是很讨人喜欢且意志力坚定。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Society sometimes thinks disabled people can’t do much of anything. But that misconception has been blown out of the water by successful people who have disabilities. Helen Keller could not see or hear. Thomas Edison and Beethoven were deaf. We also have local achievers who are rarely recognized. For instance, Bob Church.(社会有时认为残疾人什么都做不了。但是这种误解已经被成功的残疾人士打破了。海伦·凯勒既看不见也听不见。托马斯·爱迪生和贝多芬都是聋子。我们也有很少被认可的本地成功者。比如鲍勃·丘奇)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了一些成功人士是为了引入文章主题。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Church, who got polio (小儿麻痹症) as a child, has hosted the early-morning radio program for almost 14 years.(丘奇小时候得了小儿麻痹症，主持这个早间广播节目已经将近14年了)”可知，鲍勃·丘奇是早间电台主持人。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“He is likable — the kind of guy you would love to have over to watch a ball game or attend a party.(他很讨人喜欢——是那种你愿意邀请他过来看球赛或参加聚会的人)”以及倒数第三段“But he isn’t going to let it get him down.(但他不会因此而沮丧)”可推知，鲍勃·丘奇受欢迎且意志坚定。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段““I take up golf. I’d like to teach disabled kids. If you don’t know, you can’t do it. If no one says you can’t do something, you can usually find away to do it. You know, I’ve affected a lot of people, just by my being. It makes me feel good. A lot of people I know don’t care that I have a disability. Those I don’t know say, ‘Wow,’ when they find out, ”Church says.(“我打高尔夫球。我想教残疾儿童。如果你不知道，你就做不到。如果没有人说你不能做某件事，你通常可以找到方法去做。你知道，我影响了很多人，就凭我的存在。这让我感觉很好。我认识的很多人都不在乎我有残疾。那些我不认识的人，当他们发现时，会说‘哇’，”丘奇说)”可知，残疾人也可以有所作为。故选D。
9．A 10．A 11．C 12．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每个人都想成为一个乐观主义者，但是生活有时会让人悲观，所以培养幼儿的乐观情绪对他们成年后的发展很重要。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most of us are aware of “Is the glass half full or half empty?  ” test.  If you pick the former, you’re an “optimist”; otherwise, you’re a “pessimist”.(我们大多数人都知道“杯子是半满的还是半空的?”测试。如果你选择前者，你是一个“乐观主义者”；否则，你就是一个“悲观主义者”)”可知，“半空杯子”的人是悲观主义者，所以他们更多地关注消极方面。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Being continuously fed with bad news and disappointments can turn optimistic children into adults that are critical of almost everything. For some, the shift becomes easier,being raised by pessimistic parents. Others still remain optimistic, thanks to a positive household growing up.(不断听到坏消息和失望会把乐观的孩子变成对几乎所有事情都持批评态度的成年人。对于一些人来说，转变变得更容易，因为他们是由悲观的父母抚养长大的。其他人仍然保持乐观，这要归功于一个积极的家庭成长环境)”可知，本段主要讨论了转变为悲观主义者可能的原因。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段中““This is why developing optimism in young children is significant for their development as adults,” said Lissy Ann. If adopted at an early age, this powerful personality quality can help children grow into strong adults capable of handling life’s circumstances with confidence, courage, and hope.(“这就是为什么培养幼儿的乐观情绪对他们成年后的发展很重要，”利西·安说。如果及早采用，这种强大的个性品质可以帮助孩子成长为坚强的成年人，能够充满信心、勇气和希望地处理生活中的各种情况)”可推知，培养幼儿的乐观情绪使他们在成年后精神强大。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Children are seen as natural optimists,” Lissy Ann said. They come into this world with unbiased (无偏见的) eyes and a pure heart that hasn’t been influenced by social expectations, life experiences, severe mental shock, or authority figures yet. Whether a child grows up to be optimistic or not is part genetic and part environmental. “Childhood experiences, parent-child connection, or authority figures will all have some influence,” she said. Although optimism (or the lack of it) could be passed down genetically, it can also be taught.(“孩子们被视为天生的乐观主义者，”利西·安说。他们带着不带偏见的眼睛和一颗纯洁的心来到这个世界，还没有受到社会期望、生活经历、严重的精神冲击或权威人物的影响。一个孩子长大后是否乐观，一部分是遗传的，一部分是环境的。她说：“童年经历、亲子关系或权威人物都会有一定的影响。”虽然乐观(或缺乏乐观)可以遗传，但它也可以被教导)”可推知，适当的引导有助于培养乐观的孩子。故选D项。
13．B 14．C 15．D 16．C

【导语】本文是新闻报道。讲述了艾略特·米德尔顿利用空闲时间翻新捐赠的废车，捐赠给社区里有需要的人。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“After working a long shift at a restaurant,most people want to collapse on the sofa at the end of the day. But it’s not the case with Eliot Middleton. Instead, he picks up his tool kit and heads out to his front yard, where he works on one of the many junk cars resting there.(在餐馆工作了很长一段时间后，大多数人都想在一天结束的时候瘫在沙发上。但艾略特·米德尔顿却不是这样。相反，他拿起他的工具包，前往他的前院，在那里停放着许多垃圾汽车中的一辆上工作)”可知，艾略特平时致力于修理汽车来打发空闲时间。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He learned how to repair cars as a teenager when his dad gave him two that needed major repairs as soon as he got his driver’s license. He was tasked with taking the good parts from both vehicles and creating one safe, reliable ride. He did it and the project left him with a lifelong appreciation for auto repair.(他十几岁的时候就学会了修车。他刚拿到驾照，爸爸就给了他两辆需要大修的车。他的任务是从两辆车上取下好的部件，创造出一辆安全可靠的车。他做到了，这个项目让他对汽车维修产生了终生的热情)”可知，艾略特小时候的一次修车经历激发了他对汽车修理的毕生热情。故选C项。
15．词句猜测题。根据前文“He has collected about 90 donated cars, which he keeps at his home and at friends’properties nearby.(他收集了大约90辆捐赠的汽车，存放在他家和附近朋友家的房子里)”以及后文“so he could give them away to struggling families in his community.(这样他就可以把它们送给社区里那些苦苦挣扎的家庭)”可推知，此处是艾略特把捐赠的汽车翻新后，送给社区的人，所以refurbished意为“整修、翻新”和D项“Fixed修理”意思相近。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据第三段“Eliot studid and worked as an auto mechanic for years after high school.(高中毕业后，艾略特作为一名汽车修理工学习和工作了多年)”以及第四段“No matter how busy he gets at the restaurant, he never loses sight of his passion project.(不管他在餐馆有多忙，他从来没有忘记他热爱的项目)”可知，艾略特从未放弃过自己的爱好，所以他是个坚定的人，再根据第五段中“Eliot donated the first car he repaired to the mother of a child with a disability, as she needed a vehicle to go to the hospital regularly.   The freedom that comes with transportation enabled her to finally get a job and make positive changes in her family’s life!  Since then, Eliot has started a nonprofit called Middleton’s Village To Village.  Its mission is simple: “We repair donated cars to donate them to families in need!”(艾略特把他修理的第一辆车捐给了一位残疾儿童的母亲，因为她需要一辆车定期去医院。交通带来的自由使她最终找到了一份工作，并为她的家庭生活带来了积极的变化！从那以后，艾略特开始了一个名为“米德尔顿村对村”的非营利组织。它的使命很简单：“我们修理捐赠的汽车，然后把它们捐给有需要的家庭！”)”可知，他热衷于帮助有需要的家庭，所以是个热心的人。所以艾略特是个坚定而热心的人。故选C项。
17．B 18．B 19．A

【导语】本文是应用文。主要介绍了四家咖啡馆。
17．细节理解题。根据小标题The Salfee Bar下的段落中“Check out the newly opened branch at Quarry Bay, featuring a wide selection of salads and coffee.  This vegetarian-friendly bar classifies salads based on their health benefits, including immune boost，heart guardian and anti-aging.  You can also choose a fruity coffee to go green and go along with your salad.(看看新开的分店在鱼涌，特色沙拉和咖啡的广泛选择。这家素食友好的酒吧根据沙拉的健康益处对其进行分类，包括增强免疫力、保护心脏和抗衰老。你也可以选择水果咖啡来搭配沙拉)”可知，如果你喜欢健康的沙拉，你可以选择The Salfee Bar。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据小标题Yama Coffee下的段落中“The cafe is divided into two floors-the lower level mainly serves takeaway,while the upper level provides a variety of services, including reading and writing.(咖啡厅分为两层，下层主要提供外卖服务，上层提供各种服务，包括阅读和写作)”可知，Yama Coffee既可以喝咖啡也可以学习。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you’re looking for a steamy cup of coffee or a wide range of sweet treats, there are endless selections of cafes that have something for you.(无论你是想要一杯热气腾腾的咖啡还是各种各样的甜食，都有无数的咖啡馆供你选择)”可知，本文的目的是让读者了解不同的咖啡馆。故选A项。
20．B 21．A 22．B 23．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了叫做WHIRL的一种有效的视觉模拟计算程序。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段的“It failed at first，missing the handle completely at times， grabbing it in the wrong spot or pulling it incorrectly. But after a few hours of practice， the robot succeeded and opened the door.（它一开始失败了，有时完全没有抓住把手，抓错了地方或拉错了方向。但经过几个小时的练习，机器人成功地打开了门。）”可知，机器人学打开冰箱门这个简单的动作花费了好几个小时。由此推断，作者讲述这件事是为了说明机器人学做家务不容易。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段的“WHIRL is an efficient computation program for visual imitation. People constantly perform various tasks in their homes. With WHIRL, a robot can observe those tasks, gather the video data it needs and then go about practicing and learning to accomplish the tasks on its own.（WHIRL是一种有效的视觉模拟计算程序。人们经常在家中执行各种任务。有了WHIRL，机器人可以观察这些任务并收集所需的视频数据，然后开始练习和学习自己完成任务。）”可知，小组研究WHIRL的目的就是为了使机器人有效地学做家务。故选A。
22．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“The team added a camera and their software to an off-the-shelf robot, and it learned how to do more than 20 tasks—from opening and closing appliances, cabinet doors and drawers to putting a lid on a pot, pushing in a chair and even taking a garbage bag out of the bin.（该团队在一个现成的机器人上添加了一个摄像头和他们的软件，学会了如何完成20多项任务，从打开和关闭电器、柜门和抽屉到盖上锅盖、推上椅子，甚至从垃圾桶里拿出垃圾袋。）”可知，该段主要介绍研究团队所取得的成就。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Current method for teaching a robot a task typically relies on reinforcement learning. In reinforcement learning, the robot is typically trained on millions of examples in imitation and then asked to adapt that training to the real world.（目前教机器人一项任务的方法通常依赖于强化学习在强化学习中，机器人通常会模仿数百万个例子进行训练，然后被要求将训练适应现实世界。）”可知，后面解释在强化学习中，机器人通常要进行数百万个实例模拟训练，然后把训练应用于现实世界。根据最后一段的“This learning model works well when teaching a robot a single task in a structured environment, but it is difficult to extend and deploy.WHIRL can learn from any video of a human doing a task. It is capable of being easily expanded, not limited to one specific task and can operate in realistic home environments.（这种学习模型在结构化环境中教机器人一项任务时效果很好，但很难扩展和调动。WHIRL可以从任何一段人类执行任务的视频中学习。它能够轻松扩展，不限于一项特定任务，并且可以在现实的家庭环境中操作。）”可知，最后两段是通过Current method和WHIRL两种方法的对比展开的。故选A。
24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是2022年GYLD中国之旅项目组织的对景德镇的访问。
24．推理判断题。根据第二段的“The program offers young people around the world a chance to experience Chinese culture, learn about the life of the nation’s people, and appreciate China’s beautiful scenery through interesting visits and exchanges that take them all over the country.(该项目为世界各地的年轻人提供了一个体验中国文化、了解中国人民生活、通过有趣的访问和交流欣赏中国美丽风景的机会。)”可知，2022年GYLD中国之旅的目的是让人们更多地了解中国。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段Steven Weathers所说的话“Before I came to the Imperial Kiln Museum, I had no idea it would take such a complicated (复杂的) process to restore (修复) a piece of porcelain left over from ancient times(在我来到皇窑博物馆之前，我不知道修复一件古代遗留下来的瓷器需要这么复杂的过程)”和“Even with the help of high technology, it is hard to imagine how many modern means have played a part in the process of cultural relic protection(即使在高科技的帮助下，很难想象有多少现代手段在文物保护过程中发挥了作用)”可知，Steven Weathers觉得文物修复不是一件容易的工作。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It’s like ancient culture is reborn(就像古老的文化重生了)”可知，生产一些瓷器乐器是为了让古老的音乐重现。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Today, many people come here to enjoy its historic scenes and natural beauty.(今天，许多人来这里欣赏它的历史景象和自然美景。)”可知，Huangling Village现在是一个旅游景点。故选B。
28．D 29．C 30．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是四个外国的节日的相关情况。
28．细节理解题。根据White Nights Festival部分的“Stop to observe grand canals, parks architecture, and many other historical landmarks, all in the middle of the night!(停下来观察大运河、公园建筑和许多其他历史地标，所有这些都是在半夜！)”可知，White Nights Festival和其他三个节日的不同之处在于观众可以在晚上欣赏风景。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据Exit Festival部分的“Exit Festival is a multi-type music festival in Novi Sad, Serbia. Hugely respected throughout Europe and across the globe, the festival has becomé a regular (常客) on “best in the world” lists. Known for its huge variety, Exit Festival welcomes global stars of rock, pop, dance, hip-hop and more to the Petrovaradin Fortress on the banks of the Danube.(Exit Festival是塞尔维亚诺维萨德的一个多类型音乐节。在欧洲和全球范围内广受尊敬，该节日已成为“世界最佳”榜单的常客。Exit音乐节以其种类繁多而闻名，欢迎全球摇滚、流行、舞蹈、嘻哈等明星来到多瑙河岸边的Petrovaradin Fortress)”和本部分的地方“Novi Sad, Serbia(塞尔维亚诺维萨德)”可知，如果你对音乐感兴趣，你应该去Novi Sad, Serbia。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据Snow Star Festival部分的“Known as the Snow Star Festival, the gathering falls in line with the reappearance of the star cluster (星团)(Pleiades in the Southern Hemisphere, marking the abundance of the harvest season).(这次聚会被称为雪星节，与星团（南半球的昴宿星团，标志着丰收季节的丰饶）的重新出现一致)”可知，Snow Star Festival与收获有很大关系。故选A。
31．A 32．D 33．B 34．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了法国已经改变了杂货店和市场的规则，从2022年1月1日开始，大多数新鲜水果和蔬菜不能再用塑料包装。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段“This ban on plastic packaging is part of a broader effort by France to control plastic waste across a range of sectors.(这项塑料包装禁令是法国在多个行业控制塑料废物的更广泛努力的一部分)”可知，新禁令的目的是减少塑料垃圾。故选A。
32．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Other efforts include preventing restaurants from including plastic toys in children’s meals, newspapers and magazines from being delivered in plastic, and tea bags being sold in plastic packages.(其他措施还包括禁止餐馆在儿童餐中加入塑料玩具，禁止报纸和杂志用塑料包装递送，以及禁止茶包用塑料包装销售)”以及画线词上文“Furthermore, public locations must provide water refill stations to”可知，公共场所必须提供补水站，是为了抑制使用一次性水瓶。故画线词意思是“抑制”。故选D。
33．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Not everyone is happy with the change. François Roch, president of the French fruit sellers’ federation, told Reuters, “Selling loose produce is complicated (复杂的) as many customers touch the fruit and people do not want their fruit to be touched by other customers.”(并非所有人都对这种变化感到满意。法国水果销售者联合会主席弗朗索瓦·罗克告诉路透社：“销售散装水果很复杂，因为很多顾客会触摸水果，而人们又不希望自己的水果被其他顾客触摸。”)”可知，François Roch对新法律不满意。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The ban will likely require a change in habits Shoppers will probably have to take their own reusable bags to fill and weigh.(这项禁令可能会要求人们改变习惯，购物者可能不得不自己带可重复使用的袋子来装东西并称重)”可知，禁令可能产生的结果是顾客购物习惯的改变。故选B。
35．A 36．C 37．B 38．D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者很多年前开始提供搭车服务，喜欢和乘客交谈，退休后也打算继续这么做。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“I decide to stop and offer her a ride.(我决定停下来载她一程)”，第二段“Of course, she declines, but when I ask again and insist, finally, she gets in the car. (当然，她拒绝了，但当我再次询问并坚持时，她终于上车了)”和第三段“I was late for work that day, but I was so glad that I stopped. That was 40 years ago, and the beginning of a new habit, one that continues when I’m out driving in bad weather.(那天我上班迟到了，但我很高兴我停下来了。那是40年前的事了，一个新习惯的开始，当我在恶劣的天气里开车时，这个习惯还会继续)”可知，前三段主要讲的是作者是如何开始提供搭车服务的。故选A。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But the best part of my ride offers is the conversation.(但我提供的乘车服务中最棒的部分是我们之间的对话)”可知，作者最喜欢她所提供的服务是与乘客聊天。故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I will be happy to join a community driving program to take people to one appointment or another — or perhaps just to the coffee shop to sit and listen for an hour.(我很乐意参加一个社区驾驶项目，带人们去赴约——或者只是去咖啡店坐下来听一个小时)”可知，作者打算继续把人们送到目的地。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As the years pass, perhaps I will be the one standing at the bus stop. Perhaps there will be somebody who rolls down a window and offers me a seat for a little ride. I will continue to take that leap of faith in the kindness of strangers.(随着岁月的流逝，也许我会是那个站在公共汽车站的人。也许会有人摇下车窗，让我坐一会儿。我将继续相信陌生人的善意)”可推知，作者想要传达的信息是：相信陌生人的善意。故选D。
39．A 40．D 41．C 42．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了学生通过在码头进行测量可知，消失已久的牡蛎再次出现。同时介绍了牡蛎在水中起到的作用以及解释了牡蛎在纽约港消失的原因，最后学生们通过研究发现，这些大自然的助手正在回归。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The students stand on a pier (码头) over the Harlem River in New York City. They stare down into the brown water. Their teacher, Mr. Rodman, pulls a long rope out of the river.(学生们站在纽约市哈莱姆河上的一个码头上。他们凝视着褐色的海水。他们的老师罗德曼先生从河里拉出一根长绳。)”以及“They also measure the level of oxygen. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen. (它们还能测量氧气含量。随着更多的牡蛎生长，水会变得更清澈，含有更多的氧气。)”可知，通过学生们在码头所做的各种测量，可知学生们在进行研究。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Oysters eat algae (藻类). If algae grow too fast，they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!(牡蛎吃海藻。如果藻类生长得太快，它们会减少水中的氧气——甚至鱼也需要氧气来呼吸！)”可知，本段主要介绍了牡蛎吃海藻，并且有益处水中氧气的产生即阐述了牡蛎在水中所起到的作用。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing-until recently.( 污染物正源源不断地流入水中。港口被严重污染了。自20世纪70年代以来，新的法律帮助减少了有毒废物。一些鱼又开始游过来。但是直到最近，牡蛎仍然不见踪影。)”可知，收到污染的影响，牡蛎在纽约港仍然是不见踪影的。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了学生通过在码头进行测量可知，消失已久的牡蛎再次出现。同时根据第二段中“Oysters eat algae(藻类).If algae grow too fast，they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!(牡蛎吃海藻。如果藻类生长得太快，它们会减少水中的氧气——甚至鱼也需要氧气来呼吸！)”可知，此处主要介绍了牡蛎吃海藻，并且有益处水中氧气的产生即阐述了牡蛎在水中所起到的作用，因此C选项“Nature’s Helpful Crew Brought Back(大自然的帮手回来了。)”符合文章标题。故选C。
43．C 44．D 45．A 46．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，凌乱的烹饪空间会导致暴饮暴食。
43．细节理解题。根据第二段“As part of the study, 101 female students were put in standard kitchen and messy kitchen environments and were asked to write about a time when they felt in control or out of control. Next, they were given cookies, crackers and carrots. Students in the “messy kitchen” who wrote about feeling out of control ate about twice as many cookies as the people in the in-control situation.”(作为研究的一部分，101名女学生被安排在标准的厨房和凌乱的厨房环境中，并被要求写下她们在控制或失去控制时的感受。接下来，给她们曲奇饼干、咸饼干和胡萝卜。在“凌乱的厨房”中，那些写下感觉失控的学生吃的饼干大约是处于控制状态的学生的两倍。)可知，学生们被要求写下她们是否感觉在控制之中是为了看看心态对饮食的影响。故选C项。
44．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The researchers found that a messy environment can actually make people more likely to eat unhealthy foods”（研究人员发现，凌乱的环境实际上会让人们更有可能吃不健康的食物）以及“In the messy kitchen, women who wrote about a time when they felt in control consumed fewer cookie calories than the women who wrote about being out of control.”（在凌乱的厨房里，那些描述自己处于控制状态的女性比那些描述自己处于失控状态的女性摄入的饼干卡路里要少。）可知，人们在这种环境中的心态可以引发或防止暴饮暴食，故可猜测，划线单词trigger为“引发”的意思，结合选项D项Set off“引起，激起”意思一致。故选D项。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Your home environment is also a big part of that nourishment (营养). So whether you tidy up your kitchen or your living room- being mindful of your living space (just like your diet!) can have a positive effect on health.”（你的家庭环境也是这种营养的重要组成部分。所以，无论你是整理厨房还是客厅，注意你的生活空间(就像你的饮食一样！)都会对健康产生积极的影响。）可推知，作者给出的建议是保持生活空间整洁。故选A项。
46．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“According to a study, a messy(凌乱的)cooking space can lead to overeating.”（根据一项研究，凌乱的烹饪空间会导致暴饮暴食。）和倒数第二段中“As the researchers pointed out, our mindset affects whether we win overeat unhealthy foods while in a messy kitchen.”（正如研究人员指出的那样，我们的心态会影响我们在凌乱的厨房里是否会吃得过多。）可推知，这篇文章可能是一份研究报告。故选B项。
47．B 48．C 49．D 50．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与一位老妇人在火车上的偶遇而引起的关于收集有纪念意义的物件的谈话。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段““Sorry!” she shook her head, “I wanted to clean out this old handbag on the ride to work and I have thrown things everywhere.” (“对不起！”她摇了摇头说，“我想在上班的路上把这个旧手提包清理干净，结果我把东西扔得到处都是。”)”可知，当作者见到老妇人时，她正在清理手提包。故选B项。
48．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“It’s crazy to hold on to it just because it reminds me that my son was once a tiny boy. (仅仅因为它让我想起我儿子曾经是个小男孩，我就一直留着它，这太疯狂了)”可知，老妇人认为这颗红色的玻璃弹子会使她想起儿子小时候的事情。故选C项。
49．推理判断题。根据第九段第二句第三句“For many years I’ve kept a dog tooth our dog lost, a cracker box my grandmother used in her kitchen, and a tiny basket my son made. Everything has a story. (多年来，我一直保存着我们的狗掉的一颗狗牙，我祖母在厨房里用过的一个饼干盒，还有我儿子做的一个小篮子。每件东西都有一个故事)”可知，作者喜欢收集有纪念意义的物件。故选D项。
50．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“I told her about various items I’ve saved, any one of which could look like meaningless rubbish to others. To me, each one has something to say. (我告诉她我保存的各种物品，其中任何一件在别人看来都是毫无意义的垃圾。对我来说，每件东西都是一个故事)”及倒数第二段“Who could know how many times my grandmother’s caring hands had opened the cracker box? The little dog tooth is a reminder of my furry best friend. The tiny basket was made by my son with the help of my father who passed away a few years ago. (谁能知道祖母那双充满爱心的手打开过多少次饼干盒？这颗小狗牙让我想起了我毛茸茸的好朋友。这个小篮子是我儿子在几年前去世的父亲的帮助下做的)”可知，作者给老妇人讲述每件物品代表的含义，老妇人听完后深受感动。由此推知，她认为自己也该留着儿子的玻璃弹子。故选C项。
51．D 52．C 53．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了巴黎的一些著名景点。
51．细节理解题。根据“City Tour in Paris”中“Opening time: Daily(营业时间：每日)”及“Our last stop will be the Eiffel Tower on the Champs de Mars.(我们的最后一站是战神广场上的埃菲尔铁塔)”可知，战神广场每日都可以游览。故选D项。
52．推理判断题。根据“Grand Louvre Museum Guided Tour”中“Featuring classical paintings and sculptures, the Louvre is packed with masterpieces from different periods and cultures.(卢浮宫以古典绘画和雕塑为特色，收藏了来自不同时期和文化的杰作)”可知，卢浮宫以绘画和雕塑闻名。由此推知，它应是艺术家最爱游览之地。故选C项。
53．细节理解题。根据“Half Day Versailles Tour”中“Guests will be picked up on the banks of the Seine and enjoy a river view by boat for 30 minutes.(客人将在塞纳河岸边被接上船，乘船欣赏30分钟的河景)”可知，在该旅行中可以欣赏塞纳河两岸的风景。故选D项。
54．D 55．C 56．A 57．B

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种叫做ECHO的机器人，它可以监控企鹅，从而检测南极的气候变化。
54．细节理解题。根据第一段“Among thousands of emperor penguins in Atka Bay, a yellow robot named ECHO quickly moves over the Antarctic environment and patiently observes the birds. The autonomous, remote-controlled robot is about three feet long and stands at eye level with the adult penguins. It monitors Southern Ocean ecosystems in real-time, year-round with small impact on wildlife.(在阿特卡湾的数千只帝企鹅中，一个名为ECHO的黄色机器人迅速在南极环境中移动，并耐心地观察这些鸟类。这个自主遥控机器人大约有三英尺长，与成年企鹅站在同一高度。它全年实时监测南大洋的生态系统，对野生动物的影响很小)”可知，研究人员监测企鹅以了解南极的环境。故选D。
55．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists must physically catch penguins and put chips on their hacks to track them.( 科学家必须亲自捕捉企鹅，并在它们的黑客身上加上芯片来追踪它们)”可知，研究人员通过在企鹅身上贴上芯片来获取有关企鹅的信息。故选C。
56．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“ECHO removes these issues by acting as a mobile observatory that can monitor thousands of penguins each year. The robot can easily approach the penguins and scan the chips without introducing a harmful human footprint or affecting the birds. The robot is equipped with LIDAR, or light detection and ranging, and a 360-degree camera that can monitor penguins on large areas and uses an antenna (天线) to read each penguin’s chip.( ECHO通过充当一个移动天文台来消除这些问题，每年可以监测数千只企鹅。该机器人可以很容易地接近企鹅并扫描芯片，而不会引入有害的人类足迹或影响鸟类。该机器人配备了激光雷达或光探测和测距，以及一个360度摄像头，可以大面积监测企鹅，并使用天线读取每只企鹅的芯片)”可知，本段主要介绍ECHO机器人的好处。故选A。
57．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While ECHO has only been tested for a year, researchers say the penguins do not seem to be afraid of it and don’t mind it when it comes near. When penguins gather in large groups during the wintertime, ECHO can steal in and scan penguins as they brave the elements.(虽然ECHO只进行了一年的测试，但研究人员表示，企鹅似乎并不害怕它，也不介意它靠近它。当企鹅在冬季成群结队地聚集时，ECHO可以在企鹅勇敢面对大自然时偷偷进入并扫描它们)”可推知，ECHO的工作进展顺利。故选B。
58．C 59．D 60．D

【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于地中海东部的Cyprus岛国的几个引人注目的景点。
58．细节理解题。根据文章Painted Churches in the Troodos Mountains部分“But they’re also famous for a group of churches whose inside walls are covered with colorful paintings from as far back as the 11th century.(但是它们也因一组教堂而闻名，这些教堂的内墙上挂满了远至11世纪的彩色绘画)”可知，特罗多斯山以古老的教堂而闻名。故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据文章Ayia Napa部分“Visitors must book with a local diving company in order to see the sculptures, of which there are more than 90.(游客必须项当地的潜水公司预定才能看到这些超过90件的雕塑)”可知，水下雕塑博物馆的收藏的雕塑使得它如此特别，故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“the island nation of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean offers a large number of eye-catching places to visit.( 位于地中海东部的Cyprus岛国就提供了大量引人注目的景点)”以及后文分别介绍了三个著名的景点可推知，这篇文章可能来自于一本与旅游相关的旅游杂志。故选D。
61．B 62．C 63．B 64．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了William Dunn创立非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子。文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。
61．细节理解题。根据第二段“A dozen years ago, inspired by his six-year-old fatherless neighbor, Cam ran, who got angry and shouted at his mom, William asked Cam ran’s mom for permission to take Cam ran fishing. Cam ran was “hooked” from that first trip. The two fished together several times a week, and William saw positive changes in Cam ran’s behavior. “That’s when I realized that I had the duty to help fatherless kids,” he says.(十几年前，他6岁的没有父亲的邻居卡姆兰对妈妈发脾气，威廉受到启发，请求卡姆兰的妈妈允许他带卡姆兰去钓鱼。卡姆·兰从第一次旅行开始就“上瘾”了。两人每周一起钓鱼几次，威廉看到了卡姆兰行为上的积极变化。“那时我意识到我有责任帮助那些没有父亲的孩子，”他说)”可知，一个没有父亲的邻居的积极变化启发威廉·邓恩创立了“带孩子钓鱼公司”。故选B。
62．推理判断题。根据第三段“Then come the life lessons that fishing offers: patience, teamwork and the simple joy of relaxing in the outdoors.(然后是钓鱼带给我们的人生教训：耐心、团队合作以及在户外放松的简单乐趣)”可推知，该组织教授的不仅仅是基本技能。故选C。
63．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I just want to show them that I care about them, that I’m there for them(我只是想让他们知道，我关心他们，我会在他们身边)”可知，威廉·邓恩认为陪伴在孩子的生活中很重要。故选B。
64．主旨大意题。根据第一段“William Dunn is the founder of Take a Kid Fishing, Inc, a nonprofit organization in Lakeland, Florida, which teaches poor and fatherless kids through the sport of fishing.(威廉·邓恩是佛罗里达州莱克兰的非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”的创始人，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子)”结合文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。可知，A选项“钓鱼改变了没有父亲的孩子的生活”最符合文章标题。故选A。
65．B 66．D 67．D 68．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了布朗大学的多夫·萨克斯最近发表的一项研究提出了一个问题，即如何更好地评估引进物种的好处，从而使意见更加全面。并建议在未来的研究中应该对物种的引入所带来的影响和改变进行全面的评估而非局限性的研究。
65．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed.(布朗大学的多夫·萨克斯Dov Sax最近发表的一项研究提出了一个问题，即如何更好地评估引进物种的好处，从而使意见更加全面。)”可知，该项研究的目的是充分了解引进的物种。故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct.(另一个因素是它们对引入的生态系统可能带来的好处。这种引进有时是为了减少当地物种灭绝的风险。)”可知，将Pyne’s 李子引入到其他地区是因为有利于减少当地物种灭绝的风险。故选D。
67．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.(一些人认为它们为当地野生动物增添了色彩，另一些人则认为它们是当地鸟类吵闹的竞争对手。)”可知，当地人对ring-necked parakeets的引入持有不同的观点。故选D。
68．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.(此外，在做出这些判断时，他们应该承认所有类型的价值观，而不是狭隘地关注其中的一两个。)”可知，Dr. Sax建议，在未来的研究中应该全面的开展研究，而不是狭隘地只关注一两个价值的方面。故选D。
69．D 70．B 71．A 72．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”。
69．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.(Michael Gonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”可知，Michael Gonsalves的烹饪理念源于他小时候的劳动体验。故选D。
70．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.(然后，他们的重点是确保他们欣赏和尊重每一个部分。例如，他们采购的鸡肉是自然生长的，以天然植物饲料喂养，不含激素或添加剂——从简单的烤鸡胸肉到骨汤，这些都在菜单中以多种方式使用。没有什么是浪费的)”可知，金橡树餐充餐厅分利用食材的每一个部分，没有什么浪费。故选B。
71．推理判断题。第二段末句“Nothing goes to waste.(没有什么会被浪费)”提到餐厅没有什么浪费，结合第三段内容可知，本段是举例说明上文提及的“零浪费”，如把垃圾转化成堆肥，剩余食品捐给当地社区食品银行、与养猪户合作以及投喂给野生动物，故选A。
72．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.(Michael Gonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”及倒数第二段中“Their operations are ‘on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow’(他们的行为是‘走向未来可持续零浪费厨房的道路’)”可知，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”，A项“迪士尼世界：新美食道路”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
73．A 74．A 75．B 76．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明性别差异影响孩子的工作选择。
73．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found that the top professions for boys included sports and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) related jobs, while girls, on the other hand, wanted to be teachers or nurses. (他们发现，最受男孩欢迎的职业包括体育和STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)相关的工作，而另一方面，女孩则想成为教师或护士。)”以及D项“化妆师”本身就是一个女性主导的职业，可知，男孩倾向于选择程序员的工作，故选A。
74．细节理解题。根据第三段“Professor Scholes said the influence of gender stereotypes (刻板印象) on such choices begins in early childhood. “Bright pink toys for girls and blue toys for boys are sold on store shelves around the world.” she said, “In the boys’ section, you’ll find science, construction and warfare toys—perhaps a robot or a telescope. In the girls’ section, you’ll see toys related to cleaning, dolls, kitchens, makeup, jewellery and crafts.”(斯科尔斯教授表示，性别刻板印象对这些选择的影响始于童年早期。世界各地的商店货架上都有亮粉色的女孩玩具和蓝色的男孩玩具。她说，“在男孩区，你会发现科学、建筑和战争玩具——也许是机器人或望远镜。”在女孩区，你会看到与清洁、娃娃、厨房、化妆品、珠宝和工艺品相关的玩具。”)”和第四段““This results in lower numbers of girls taking STEM subjects at school. In turn, this means fewer women are going to work in the sciences.” Professor Scholes’s comments came as women make up only 2 percent of the STEM workforce, with the biggest gap in the highest-paid jobs of computer science and engineering. (“这导致在学校学习STEM课程的女孩人数减少。反过来，这意味着更少的女性将从事科学工作。”斯科尔斯教授发表此番言论之际，女性仅占STEM劳动力的2%，在计算机科学和工程等收入最高的工作岗位上，女性与女性的差距最大。)”可知，根据斯科尔斯教授的说法，选择STEM科目的女孩越来越少是因为性别刻板印象的影响。故选A。
75．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In Australia, some brands are no longer targeting boys or girls with their toys. Danish toy giant Lego last week announced that they would remove gender stereotypes from their toys, after a global study found that 71 percent of boys feared being made fun of for playing with toys marketed at girls. Lego said its products were mainly used by boys, but it promised to work to remove gender preference from its toys and instead market them for both genders. (在澳大利亚，一些品牌的玩具不再以男孩或女孩为目标。丹麦玩具巨头乐高上周宣布，他们将取消玩具中的性别刻板印象，此前一项全球研究发现，71%的男孩担心玩面向女孩的玩具会被取笑。乐高表示，其产品主要由男孩使用，但它承诺将努力消除玩具中的性别偏好，销售不再有性别差异。)”可知，在澳大利亚，一些品牌玩具消除具中的性别偏好，为他们的产品做男女通用的广告。故选B。
76．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study shows girls and boys as young as seven have the choice of jobs with gender differences.(一项新的研究表明，七岁的男孩和女孩在选择工作时存在性别差异。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究表明性别差异影响孩子的工作选择。所以“Gender differences affect job choosing for children(性别差异影响孩子的工作选择)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。