上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共43页。

完形填空
Does a reassuring touch on the back bring you comfort during a tough day? A new study finds, when it comes to touching, people aren’t even ____1____ about who’s doing it. Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____2____ and more likely to follow their requests.
Instead of being ____3____ on other humans, researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches. Their study follows the widespread increase of touch ____4____ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety.
In this research, 48 students engaged in a conversation with NAO – a programmable research robot. During the course, for some participants, the robot briefly and seemingly randomly ____5____ the back of the participant’s hand.
This differed from the design of other studies, which have relied on ____6____ touch. In response to the robot’s touch, most participants smiled and laughed, and none ____7____. Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____8____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation. Participants also reported a better ____9____ state after the robot’s tap on the hand. ____10____, students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness (although these participants still only rated poor NAO a 2.5 out of 5 on average).
“A robot’s non-functional touch ____11____ to humans,” Laura Hoffmann from Ruhr University and her team write. “Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot.”
“It is remarkable that simple and brief tap on the back of participants’ hands showed such an effect. Involving more complex and ____12____ touching from a robot might increase engagement and compliance.”
As the researchers argue, this small study – one of the first to examine the ____13____ of robot-initiated touch – suggests that through the use of comforting touches, robot therapists could better ____14____ patients to engage in healthy activities such as exercise. However, they caution that much about human-robot ____15____ are complex, with there still more to be learned about the difference between human and robot touch.
1．A．curious B．crazy C．picky D．certain
2．A．happier B．freer C．more stressed D．more frightened
3．A．hard B．dependent C．impressed D．based
4．A．completion B．formation C．imagination D．starvation
5．A．watched B．patted C．cleaned D．blocked
6．A．human-initiated B．time-pressed C．technique-based D．goal-oriented
7．A．made out B．thought back C．pulled away D．set off
8．A．look over B．go along with C．take off D．stand up against
9．A．physical B．emotional C．financial D．social
10．A．However B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Still
11．A．matters B．sees C．relates D．gets
12．A．warmer B．longer C．more friendly D．more forceful
13．A．theory B．history C．trend D．potential
14．A．warn B．persuade C．force D．control
15．A．similarities B．conflicts C．constructions D．interactions

When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global? The answer is yes — expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities. It better prepares the company for changes in the ____16____ economy. It can result in increased profits, a diverse customer base and improved stability.
Before the pandemic, ____17____ expansion almost always meant international travel. ____18____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women, and international travel can ____19____ the delicate work-life balance entrepreneurs (企业家) of both sexes strive to maintain.
The Covid-19 pandemic ____20____ global e-commerce and opportunities. The world is conducting business ____21____ with far more success than anticipated. This shift to business by the internet presents tremendous global opportunities for women as it effectively makes the situation ____22____.
Conducting business on the internet ____23____ the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle, simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand. This opens more doors for growth and enables entrepreneurs to study potential markets and the buyer’s journey from the ____24____of their own office.
So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion? First, identify your target market, and then develop an inbound marketing strategy.
This involves providing all the information your target consumers need on your _____25_____ so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own. With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach, you can bring _____26_____ buyers to you instead of continually searching for new buyers.
A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language. Even if your target consumers are multilingual, most _____27_____ to buy from sites that provide information in their native language.
Then how can you develop your inbound marketing strategy? The first step is to select a market that _____28_____ your company goals and marketing strategy. Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers. Once you create the plan and process for the first country, you can copy it when you’re ready to expand into _____29_____ markets.
You might believe that your business is too small to get involved with _____30_____ — but consider this: When you make use of the power of the internet, it doesn’t matter if your company is large or small. The key is to shift your focus from outbound to inbound marketing — and bring buyers to you.
16．A．booming B．domestic C．current D．industrial
17．A．rapid B．successful C．further D．global
18．A．Gender B．Media C．Cultural D．Political
19．A．keep B．upset C．promote D．restore
20．A．looks into B．breaks down C．speeds up D．responds to
21．A．desperately B．efficiently C．securely D．remotely
22．A．fair B．worse C．real D．reliable
23．A．increases B．promotes C．removes D．illustrates
24．A．angle B．comfort C．relief D．imagination
25．A．desk B．website C．shoulder D．market
26．A．qualified B．wealthy C．foreign D．optimistic
27．A．intend B．hesitate C．volunteer D．prefer
28．A．attaches to B．benefits from C．sees through D．agrees with
29．A．commercial B．additional C．overseas D．private
30．A．marketing B．financing C．exporting D．training

What do you know about fashion? The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____31____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just ____32____ in the wash? In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.
A friend of mine ____33____ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is ____34____, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the ____35____ in Victorian Britain. A century on, ____36____ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all ____37____ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.
The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most ____38____ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in ____39____ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ______40______. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.
“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ______41______,” says Kirsi Niinimäki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ______42______ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ______43______ on the cheap.
One wonders: What can we do about it? Don’t you have any clothes on? It’s not that ______44______. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ______45______ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.
31．A．convincing B．interesting C．confusing D．damaging
32．A．carry out B．come out C．set out D．break out
33．A．builds B．runs C．supports D．controls
34．A．expensive B．useless C．worthless D．attractive
35．A．businessmen B．children C．locals D．masses
36．A．little B．few C．much D．many
37．A．on behalf of B．in the form of C．for the sake of D．in terms of
38．A．effective B．destructive C．preventive D．alternative
39．A．quarrel B．argument C．fight D．conflict
40．A．tell the truth B．hit the brakes C．pave the way D．break the ice
41．A．threat B．effect C．problem D．protection
42．A．results from B．consists of C．brings about D．relies on
43．A．ambition B．action C．satisfaction D．attraction
44．A．far B．extreme C．bad D．complex
45．A．enjoy B．imagine C．miss D．avoid

Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Scientists have already linked low-cost, ____46____ foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more ____47____ into how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food mean?
The researchers created a system that ____48____ foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made ____49____ of industrialized materials and additives. Sodas, packed cookies, instant noodles and chicken nugget are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can ____50____ healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What’s wrong with processed foods?
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when ____51____ mostly processed foods. That is compared with when the ____52____ subjects were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be ____53____.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. ____54____, a similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death in general.
What is it about processed foods?
When given less processed foods, people in the study ____55____ more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the ____56____ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods are softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might ____57____. For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel ____58____ than fiber added to packed foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat?
Avoiding processed foods can be hard, ____59____ for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. In addition, companies continually ____60____ products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.
46．A．organic B．delicious C．packaged D．priceless
47．A．inquiries B．insights C．explorations D．assessments
48．A．distinguishes B．defines C．classifies D．maintains
49．A．specially B．mostly C．naturally D．technically
50．A．remain B．feel C．become D．appear
51．A．consumed B．forced C．deprived D．fed
52．A．same B．normal C．different D．alternative
53．A．explained B．tracked C．cured D．overlooked
54．A．Meanwhile B．However C．Hence D．Otherwise
55．A．collected B．produced C．absorbed D．relieved
56．A．hunger B．procedure C．reaction D．feedback
57．A．strike a balance B．run a risk C．pose a threat D．make a difference
58．A．full B．content C．starving D．excited
59．A．especially B．generally C．specially D．reasonably
60．A．restructure B．rearrange C．redecorate D．reengineer

The invention of the printing press eventually led to our modern world.
What does the printing press do and why is it important?
A printing press is any form of technology that applies pressure between an inked surface and a print medium (like paper or cloth). ___61___, it is a means of transferring ink from an inked surface to the medium.
The modern printing press was an enormous improvement on the ___62___ system. People used to record by hand using a “pen” and ink or brushing and rubbing repeatedly to achieve ink transfer. Such methods were historically used primarily for texts, which ___63___ a small circulation (流通) and a high prize.
However, the invention of the printing press ___64___ bookmaking and distribution around the world. As the prices of book production fell, less wealthy members of society could suddenly gain access to this former ___65___ item.
Where was the printing press invented?
When someone mentions the printing press, the western world will ___66___ think of Johannes Guttenberg’s revolution in the 15th Century. While his invention was a(n) ___67___, it wasn’t the first printing press to be developed.
Actually, its initiation stretches back to the 3rd Century in a small number of areas, with its ___68___ into wide use during the Tang Dynasty.
Despite this fact, Guttenberg ___69___ his place in history for the fantastic mass-production of books for the first time. Before his invention, ideas were spread in a(n) ____70____ process. That effectively meant access to the printed world was limited to those who could ____71____ its high price.
Did the Chinese invent the printing press?
The earliest copy of The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) was discovered inside a cave near Dunhuang, which was printed in the 9th Century. This text is described as “the earliest complete ____72____ of a dated printed book”. Its discovery ____73____ what the westerners thought they knew about the development of the printing press.
Printing process was heavily ____74____ in the 11th Century after Bi Sheng, who was born into a common family, developed a form of early movable type. Although little else is known about Bi, his ____75____ method of producing hundreds of individual characters was a huge stepping-stone on the path to the modern printing press.
61．A．For example B．By contrast C．In other words D．As a result
62．A．repetitive B．progressive C．recordable D．previous
63．A．featured B．eliminated C．reversed D．promoted
64．A．discharged B．revolutionized C．prioritized D．implemented
65．A．vigor B．luxury C．visible D．plain
66．A．neutrally B．jealously C．instinctively D．distressingly
67．A．insight B．downturn C．outburst D．breakthrough
68．A．restriction B．investigation C．perception D．adaptation
69．A．deserves B．insists C．forecasts D．strengthens
70．A．time-limited B．tech-addicted C．effort-consuming D．money-saving
71．A．impact B．afford C．revise D．boast
72．A．destruction B．renewal C．survival D．motivation
73．A．inherited B．declared C．misled D．rewrote
74．A．modeled B．fueled C．industrialized D．suspended
75．A．innovative B．unimpressive C．abnormal D．conventional

Colleges today often operate as machines for putting too many opportunities before already advantaged people. Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step. But it does not give them adequate ___76___ in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing. Many institutions today have ___77___ that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use ___78___ to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.
We spent many years teaching on a college campus, trying to help students struggling with their confusion. Eventually, we sought to address this problem ___79___, by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing. The course begins with Plato’s “Gorgias” — a messy dialogue that turns on a(n) ___80___ over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life. The dialogue ends ___81___; no one is satisfied. But with remarkable regularity, it ___82___ the kind of thinking that students need to better understand the choices that shape their lives.
Students’ first reaction to the “Gorgias” is disbelief, sometimes even horror. It is the dialogue’s ___83___ that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good. Everything in their education has led them to believe that such arguments cannot bear fruit.
Most students are ___84___ to discover this art of choosing. Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one’s voice can be made to sing. Why, then, do institutions ____85____ teach it? In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to ____86____ specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more ____87____ guide to happiness than the mind.
Colleges should self-consciously prioritize initiating students into a culture of ____88____ reflection on how to live. Doing so will hold them ____89____ performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to ____90____ about the ends they pursue.
76．A．assistance B．protection C．recognition D．treatment
77．A．forgotten B．promised C．repeated D．responded
78．A．determination B．imagination C．memory D．reason
79．A．controversially B．effortlessly C．resistantly D．systematically
80．A．argument B．lecture C．performance D．session
81．A．automatically B．inconclusively C．indirectly D．unnecessarily
82．A．abuses B．awakens C．demonstrates D．echoes
83．A．assumption B．pattern C．progress D．variation
84．A．grateful B．quick C．reluctant D．shocked
85．A．commonly B．effectively C．rarely D．strictly
86．A．direct B．emphasize C．review D．sponsor
87．A．detailed B．formal C．qualified D．reliable
88．A．logical B．moral C．spiritual D．theoretical
89．A．eager for B．patient with C．responsible for D．skilled at
90．A．complain B．experiment C．question D．reflect

No Guts, No Glory? The Fear and Attraction of Risky Winter Sports
Once I went flying off the side of a mountain on skis. Certainly, I didn’t mean to. Before I ____91____ the ground, there was a surprising amount of time for reflection—and more on the long painful journey down to the ambulance.
The Winter Olympics are here, and I’ll be astonished with my heart in my mouth, watching ski-jumping and people hurtling downhill at ____92____ speed one way and another. But why are we so attracted to doing, watching and glamorizing dangerous activity? Is it really the thrill (兴奋) of the adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush? I hate that part when I take a big risk of any kind.
It ____93____ out I’m not the only one. The popular “thrill-seeker” explanation put forward by Marvin Zuckerman and others that sensation seeking is a basic personality trait has been strongly ____94____. Thrill-seeking is common in the young, especially young males. Many pay a high ____95____ for it. But our relationship with fear, courage and risk-taking is ____96____.
Eric Brymer and Robert Schweitzer asked people who had been doing an extreme sport for many years, to reflect  ____97____ on the experience. For these people, it wasn’t that they didn’t feel fear, or that they were attracted to the feeling of fear. They saw fear as an important tool to ____98____ danger—and working through it was a transformative experience. Part of the reward was the sense of one-ness with nature that lay beyond the ____99____.
For me, reading what the research participants said was _____100_____ and there was a lot that was easy to relate to. _____101_____, it seemed as though they believed they were only taking on risks over which they could prevail (战胜). Presumably, many of the people who are severely injured thought so too. I wonder if many who draw the short _____102_____ regret it?
I have an almost total lack of mastery of winter sports. The contrast between my enthusiasm and lack of skill  _____103_____ the somewhat spectacular accident at the start of this post. But just what kind of risks are we talking about with winter sports more commonly? For example, Brian Chaze and Patrick McDonald gathered published data on head injuries in winter sports. They advocated _____104_____ use for sledding and skating as well. Children who hurt their heads sledding need hospitalization twice as much as for head injuries in other sports. Helmets aren’t used much, though.
Perhaps the best _____105_____ from watching the winter Olympians is not the glamour of their risk-taking, but the way they rock those helmets.
91．A．left B．hit C．flew D．lost
92．A．short-lived B．mind-numbing C．break-neck D．long-drawn-out
93．A．turns B．hangs C．takes D．bursts
94．A．applauded B．prohibited C．recommended D．challenged
95．A．interest B．respect C．priority D．price
96．A．simple B．straightforward C．complicated D．close
97．A．swiftly B．deeply C．intensely D．temporarily
98．A．identify B．dread C．treasure D．conduct
99．A．experience B．society C．fear D．environment
100．A．enlightening B．distressing C．entertaining D．confusing
101．A．Hence B．Furthermore C．Rather D．However
102．A．scene B．picture C．odds D．straw
103．A．stands for B．accounts for C．checks out D．points out
104．A．belt B．helmet C．protection D．blade
105．A．take-away B．carry-out C．take-off D．try-out

Peek through the inspection windows of the nearly 100 three-dimensional (3D) printers quietly making things at RedEye, a company based in Minnesota, and you can catch a glimpse of how factories will work in the future. It is not simply that the machines run day and night ___106___ by just a handful of technicians. ___107___ it is what they are making that shows how the revolutionary production process is ___108___ the manufacturing mainstream.
3D printers make things by building them up, a layer at a time, from a particular material, rather than ___109___ it by cutting, drilling or machining—which is why the process is also called additive manufacturing. There are many ways in which this can be done, and with only a ___110___ adjustment of software each item can be different, without the need for costly retooling of machines. This has made 3D printing a(n) ___111___  way to make one-off items, especially prototype parts, mock-ups, small mechanical devices and craft items.
And that is about all that 3D printers are good for, ___112___ the doubters. Chief among them is Terry Gou, the boss of Foxconn. He thinks 3D printing is just “a trick” without any ___113___ value in the manufacture of real finished goods, and he has vowed to start spelling his name backwards if ___114___ wrong.
Mr. Gou is right about one thing: additive manufacturing is not about to replace mass manufacturing. ____115____ the technology is improving, the finish and durability of some printed items can still ____116____ what producers require. And nor can 3D printers produce millions of ____117____ parts at low cost, as mass-production lines can. ____118____, 3D printers have their virtues, which is why they are starting to be used by some of the world’s biggest manufacturers, such as Airbus, Boeing, GE, Ford and Siemens.
The market for 3D printers and ____119____ is small, but growing fast. Last year it was worth $2.2 billion worldwide, up 29% from 2011. As producers become more ____120____ with the technology, they are moving from prototype to final products.
106．A．designed B．attended C．introduced D．maintained
107．A．Likewise B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Instead
108．A．entering B．conveying C．transferring D．adjusting
109．A．erasing B．removing C．resolving D．eliminating
110．A．delicate B．fine C．sophisticated D．surprising
111．A．popular B．eminent C．unique D．regular
112．A．imply B．predict C．prescribe D．reckon
113．A．further B．commercial C．practical D．scientific
114．A．proved B．supposed C．considered D．described
115．A．Even though B．Now that C．If only D．Provided that
116．A．advance with B．lag behind C．fall short of D．cater for
117．A．exact B．identical C．similar D．necessary
118．A．Then B．Also C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless
119．A．reserves B．promotions C．services D．sales
120．A．agreeable B．identical C．understandable D．familiar

Founded in 1880, the journal Science nowadays continues to publish the very best in research across the sciences. It is ____121____ an extra round of statistical (数据的) checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are ____122____ the irre-producibility (不可复制) of many published research findings.
“Readers must have ____123____ in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has ____124____ seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny (审查) by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by ____125____ peer reviews. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to ____126____ these manuscripts.
Asked whether any particular papers had ____127____ the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns ____128____ with the application statistics and data analysis in scientific research. And it is part of Science’s overall ____129____ to increase re-producibility in the research we publish.”
Giovanni Parmigiani, a bio-statistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he _____130_____ the board to “play primarily a consultive role”. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be _____131_____, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to _____132_____ their approach after Science.
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data. _____133_____, statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Parkvilie, Australia. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in Nature in 2012, but journals should also take a(n) _____134_____ line. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to _____135_____ the papers that need scrutiny in the first place.”
121．A．announcing B．adding C．promoting D．advertising
122．A．resulting from B．putting forward C．calling on D．leading to
123．A．confidence B．motivation C．suspicion D．justice
124．A．rejected B．appointed C．transported D．blamed
125．A．considerate B．remote C．outside D．indirect
126．A．gather B．review C．compare D．qualify
127．A．stimulated B．revolutionized C．judged D．resisted
128．A．fortunately B．negatively C．broadly D．automatically
129．A．evaluation B．drive C．fuel D．trick
130．A．permitted B．forced C．ordered D．expected
131．A．thoughtless B．amusing C．fresh D．profitable
132．A．model B．record C．donate D．exchange
133．A．Furthermore B．Instead C．However D．Consequently
134．A．deeper B．tougher C．farther D．thinner
135．A．remove B．inform C．adjust D．identify

The news that Derby has approved what promises to be Britain’s largest urban rewilding project so far is very welcome. The 320-hectare Allestree Park will, subject to detailed consultation, be given over to a range of habitats and perhaps even see the reintroduction of species such as dormice and red kites.
Urban rewilding - which is not the same as urban green space, however extensive - can take many forms. They ____136____ from aiming to slow down the rate of species loss by ____137____ swift (雨燕) and sparrow boxes to new apartment constructions (there are now 247m fewer house sparrows than there were in 1980) to designating areas the size of Allestree Park.
But in fact, some of the most successful projects have been ____138____. Canvey Wick, a disused area of the Thames estuary, returned to a “self-wilded rainforest” that is now home to nearly 2,000 invertebrate (无脊椎的) species, including at least three ____139____ thought to be extinct. Rivers ____140____ natural wildlife corridors, working their way through cities, then linking them to countryside. The Guardian columnist George Monbiot gives the example of the River Wandle, which in the 19th century supported up to 90 factories, and was described as “the hardest worked river for its size in the world.” Now it teems with (充满着) wildlife, and the local authorities have considered ____141____ beavers (海狸).
Urban rewilding, ____142____, won’t make a massive difference to global heating, with only 6% or so of Britain is actually built on it. But giving nature freer rein (控制) in parts of towns and cities could help to mitigate (缓解) flooding, and to slow species loss. Importantly, about 83% of us live on the portion of the UK’s land that is classed as urbanised, and access to nature has also been shown to improve psychological well-being. One recent Canadian study found that adding just 10 trees to a city block had a big effect on people’s ____143____ of their health; research is beginning to find that increasing biodiversity can heighten that impact. And on a more general scale, those who ____144____ wildness are more likely to fight for it.
The pressure for development means that there will always be tension with _____145_____ interests: the Swans-combe Peninsula in Kent, another self-wilded area that is home to 1,992 species of invertebrates, including 250 of conservation concern, is now _____146_____ for the London Resort, including a theme park expected to destroy 76 hectares of priority habitat which forms a vital part of the ecological network. This loss would be _____147_____ losing 140 football pitches (球场) _____148_____ of nationally important habitat.
In these mid-pandemic, post-Brexit, austerity-bitten (财政紧缩的) times, the financial arguments can be hardest to _____149_____ for councils short of cash, but the evidence that “we need nature as much as it needs us”, in the words of Jo Smith of the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust, is surely _____150_____. With a bit of imagination, flexibility and commitment, many more urban areas could follow Derby’s example.
136．A．differ B．originate C．range D．develop
137．A．transporting B．attaching C．leading D．transforming
138．A．mature B．established C．reputational D．accidental
139．A．specifically B．fundamentally C．previously D．primarily
140．A．bring about B．serve as C．contribute to D．rely on
141．A．breeding B．launching C．introducing D．favoring
142．A．by contrast B．for instance C．in itself D．in the meanwhile
143．A．appreciations B．perceptions C．insights D．recovery
144．A．encounter B．sustain C．create D．promote
145．A．recreational B．political C．industrial D．commercial
146．A．qualified B．maintained C．reserved D．cultivated
147．A．linked to B．inseparable from C．dismissed as D．equivalent to
148．A．value B．profit C．benefit D．worth
149．A．approve B．counter C．settle D．consider
150．A．fundamental B．essential C．overwhelming D．Obvious













参考答案：

1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。A. curious好奇的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. picky挑剔的；D. certain确定的。根据下文“Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____2____ and more likely to follow their requests”可知，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。A. happier更快乐的；B. freer更自由的；C. more stressed感到更大压力的；D. more frightened更害怕的。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。A. hard困难的；B. dependent依赖的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. based（以某事）为基础的，为根据的。根据下文“researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches”可知，研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的研究是在COVID-19大流行期间对触摸的渴望普遍增加之后进行的。A. completion完成；B. formation组成；C. imagination想象力；D. starvation饥饿。根据下文“Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety”可知，在COVID-19大流行期间人们渴望触摸，空格处用starvation表示“渴望”。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，对于一些参与者来说，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。A. watched观看；B. patted拍打；C. cleaned清洁；D. blocked堵塞。根据第9空后的“robot’s tap on the hand”可知，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与其他研究的设计不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸。A. human-initiated人类触发的；B. time-pressed时间紧迫的；C. technique-based基于技术的；D. goal-oriented面向目标的。根据下文“this small study – one of the first to examine the ____13____ of robot-initiated touch”可知，这个研究和其他研究不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸，空格处意为“人类触发的”。故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开。A. made out辨认出；B. thought back回想；C. pulled away离开；D. set off出发。根据下文“Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____8____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation”可知，对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开，故选C。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果显示，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求，让他们对对话中讨论的特定学术课程表现出兴趣。A. look over检查；B. go along with赞同；C. take off起飞；D. stand up against反对。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者还报告说，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。A. physical身体的；B. emotional情绪的；C. financial金融的；D. social社会的。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。故选B。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，被触摸过的学生更有可能给机器人的外表吸引力打更高的分（尽管这些参与者仍然只给可怜的NAO打了平均2.5分（满分5分））。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. Still仍然。根据下文“students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness”可知，空后内容是补充说明的，空格处是“此外”。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要，”Ruhr大学的Laura Hoffmann和她的团队写道。A. matters重要；B. sees看见；C. relates联系；D. gets得到。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。A. warmer更温暖的；B. longer更长的；C. more friendly更友好的；D. more forceful更有力的。根据上文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”和下文“might increase engagement and compliance”可知，让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A. theory理论；B. history历史；C. trend趋势；D. potential潜能。根据下文“of robot-initiated touch”可知，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一。故选D。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A. warn警告；B. persuade说服；C. force强迫；D. control控制。根据上文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们警告说，人与机器人之间的互动很复杂，关于人与机器人触摸之间的区别还有更多需要了解的地方。A. similarities相同点；B. conflicts矛盾；C. constructions建造，建筑；D. interactions互动。根据下文“human and robot touch”可知，此处表示“人与机器人之间的互动很复杂”。故选D。

16．B 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．D 29．B 30．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在寻找拓展业务的方法时，走向全球的意义，向国际市场扩张有助于企业成长，提高购买力，并使市场机会多样化。。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有助于公司更好地应对国内经济的变化。A. booming蓬勃发展的；B. domestic本国的；C. current当前的；D. industrial工业的。根据前文“expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities”可知，对应上文国际扩展，此处指“国内的经济”。故选B项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在疫情大流行之前，全球扩展几乎总是意味着国际旅行。A. rapid快速的；B. successful成功的；C. further进一步的；D. global全球的。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global?”和后文“international travel”可知，此处指“全球扩展”故选D项。
18．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. Gender性别；B. Media媒体；C. Cultural文化的；D. Political政治的。根据后文“made business expansion difficult for women”以及“both sexes”可知，此处指“性别偏见”。故选A项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破男女企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. keep保持；B. upset使颠覆，打翻，打破；C. promote促进；D. restore恢复。根据前文“　　3　　 bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”可知，由于一些国家对女性的限制，因此国际旅行不利于商务工作，可能会打破工作与生活平衡。故选B项。
20．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：2019冠状病毒病大流行加速了全球电子商务和机遇。A. looks into调查；B. breaks down发生故障，分解；C. speeds up加速；D. responds to响应。根据常识和前文“The Covid-19 pandemic”可知，由于疫情阻隔，不能出行，所以加速了全球电子商务和机遇。故选C项。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：全球正在远程开展业务，取得的成功远远超过预期。A. desperately绝望地；B. efficiently有效地；C. securely安全地；D. remotely远程地。根据前文“The Covid-19 pandemic 　　5　　 global e-commerce and opportunities.”可知，全球在开展电子商务，远程业务。故选D项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种向互联网商业的转变为女性提供了巨大的全球机会，因为它有效地使情况变得公平。A. fair公平的；B. worse更糟的；C. real真实的；D. reliable可信赖的。根据前文“　　3　　 bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”以及后文“Conducting business on the internet 　　8　　 the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle”可知，互联网商业更趋公平。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在互联网上开展业务消除了性别、种族、宗教、肤色和生活方式的复杂性，将业务简化为供需原则。A. increases增加；B. promotes促进；C. removes去掉，移除；D. illustrates说明，解释。根据后文“simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand”可知，是消除了这些问题的复杂性。故选C项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这为增长打开了更多的大门，使企业家能够在舒适的办公室里研究潜在的市场和买家的旅程。A. angle角度；B. comfort舒适；C. relief宽慰；D. imagination想象力。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“their own office”可知，在互联网上开展业务，在舒适的办公室里就能完成。故选B项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这包括在你的网站上提供你的目标消费者需要的所有信息，这样消费者就可以找到你，并自己研究他们最初问题的答案。A. desk课桌；B. website网站；C. shoulder肩膀；D. market市场。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own”可知，是在网站上提供信息。故选B项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过明确入境策略，精心编写的内容和社交媒体推广，可以为您带来有资格的买家，而不是不断地寻找新买家。A. qualified有资格的，合格的；B. wealthy富有的；C. foreign外国的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据语境和前文“With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach”及后文“instead of continually searching for new buyers”可知，这可以带来符合要求的有资格的买家。故选A项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你的目标消费者会说多种语言，大多数人也更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买。A. intend打算；B. hesitate犹豫；C. volunteer志愿；D. prefer更喜欢。根据前文“A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language.(全球入站营销策略的一个重要部分是将网站上的重要信息翻译成目标消费者的母语。)”可知，大多数人更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买东西。故选D项。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一步是选择一个符合你公司目标和营销策略的市场。A. attaches to附加到；B. benefits from从中受益；C. sees through看透；D. agrees with同意，适合于。根据语境和后文“Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers.(选择一个国家，一种语言，并制定一个多语言营销策略，以确定您的目标，并为您与潜在买家联系做好准备。)”可知，是选择一个适合于公司目标和营销策略的市场。故选D项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你为第一个国家制定了计划和流程，你就可以在准备拓展其他市场时复制它。A. commercial商业的；B. additional附加的，外加的；C. overseas海外的；D. private私人的。根据前文“Once you create the plan and process for the first country”可知，此处指“第一个国家之外的（即外加的其它）国家市场”。故选B项。
30．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为你的公司太小了，不能参与出口——但是考虑一下：当你利用互联网的力量时，你的公司是大是小并不重要。A. marketing营销；B. financing融资；C. exporting出口，输出；D. training训练。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global?”以及“So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion?”可知，本文建议拓展国际业务，使产品走向全球。结合句意可知，此处指“出口”。故选C项。

31．D 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．B 39．D 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．C 44．C 45．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，是仅次于石油行业的最不环保的行业，现在正面临惩罚。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，现在正面临惩罚。A. convincing说服；B. interesting使感兴趣；C. confusing混淆；D. damaging破坏。根据后文“In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.”可知时尚行业对地球具有破坏性。故选D项。
32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这个冲刷的过程中,但是哪些变化会产生影响呢？哪些会脱颖而出？A. carry out执行；B. come out出来；C. set out出发；D. break out爆发。根据上文“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most  ____1____  to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference”可知时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，在这个冲刷过程中，要么留下来，站住脚，要么被淘汰。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友在伦敦北部经营一家古董服装店。A. builds构建；B. runs经营；C. supports支撑；D. controls控制。根据后文“Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune.”可知这个朋友是经营服装店的。故选B项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大部分是毫无价值的。A. expensive昂贵的；B. useless无用的；C. worthless没有价值的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据后文的“but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds.”可知此处和diamonds形成对比，表示“虽然看起来毫无价值”。故选C项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在维多利亚时代的英国，它曾经是为大众制造廉价服装的劣质羊毛废料的清理场。A. businessmen商人；B. children儿童；C. locals当地人；D. masses群众。根据后文的“all_7_ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world.”可知，此处是the masses同义词再现。故选D项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个世纪过去了，已经发生了许多改变。A. little小的；B. few很少的；C. much很多（不可数名词）；D. many许多（可数名词复数）。根据后文的“Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all  ____7____  cheap clothing made for the masses around the world”可知发生了许多改变，应使用much。故选C项。
37．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如今，这里充斥着现代的劣质产品，所有的廉价服装都是为世界各地的大众制造的。A. on behalf of代表；B. in the form of以……的形式；C. for the sake of为了；D. in terms of在……方面。根据上文“Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products”所有的这些服饰都是“以廉价服装的形式”生产出来的。故选B项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个行业已经成为世界上最成功也是最具破坏性的行业之一。A. effective有效的；B. destructive破坏性的；C. preventive预防性的；D. alternative可供替代的。根据前文“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most  ____1____  to the planet, is having a moment of punishment”以及后文“But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in  ____9____  with fundamental environmental limits”可知虽然服装成功地占据了人们的衣柜，但是对环境造成的影响是破坏性的。故选B项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过三十年的持续增长，该模式与基本环境限制相冲突，而且业界普遍认为，是时候踩刹车了。A. quarrel争吵；B. argument论点；C. fight战斗；D. conflict冲突。根据后文“there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to  ____10____ . Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place”可知时尚行业的快速发展和环境保护有冲突。故选D项。
40．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. tell the truth.说实话；B. hit the brakes踩下制动器；C. pave the way铺设道路；D. break the ice打破僵局。根据后文“Otherwise, ‘Fast fashion’ creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place”可知是时候停止时尚行业这样的快速发展。故选B项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：时尚产业代表了一个关键的环境威胁。A. threat威胁；B. effect效果；C. problem问题；D. protection保护。根据前文“Otherwise, ‘Fast fashion’ creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.”可知快时尚产业对环境造成造成的影响已经不仅仅是环境问题那么简单，已经严重到成为一个巨大的威胁。故选A项。
42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。A. results from由……产生；B. consists of由……组成；C. brings about导致；D. relies on依赖。根据下文“ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.”可知，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。故选D项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和快餐一样，快速时尚也都是廉价的即时满足感。A. ambition野心；B. action动作；C. satisfaction满足；D. attraction吸引力。根据下文“learn to control your desires and _15_falling into this ‘Fast fashion’ lifestyle”可知这种欲望得到廉价的满足。故选C项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们能做些什么？你没有穿衣服吗？不是那么糟糕。A. far远的；B. extreme极端的；C. bad坏的；D. complex复杂的。根据前文“Don’t you have any clothes on?”可知不穿衣服很糟糕。故选C项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，不要浪费，学会控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种“快时尚”的生活方式。A. enjoy享受；B. imagine想象；C. miss错过；D. avoid避免。根据前文“learn to control your desires”可知要控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种生活方式。故选D项。

46．C 47．B 48．C 49．B 50．D 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．A 55．B 56．C 57．D 58．A 59．A 60．D

【导语】本文是篇说明文。加工食品已经成为现代人生活中的一种常见选择，文章主要讲述了加工食品的种类、特点，并通过实验来分析加工食品对人类身体健康的影响。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家已经将低成本的包装食品与全球肥胖率上升联系起来。A. organic 有机的；B. delicious 美味的；C. packaged 包装的；D. priceless 无价的。根据第一段首句的“Processed foods”可知，这里指的是加工食品；结合第二段“Sodas, packed cookies, instant noodles and chicken nugget are some examples of highly processed foods.”可知，包装饼干也是一种加工食品，所以这里指低成本的包装食品。故选C。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的三项研究为我们日益工业化的食品供应如何影响我们的健康提供了更多的见解。A. inquiries 调查、询问；B. insights 洞悉、了解；C. explorations 探索；D. assessments 评价、评估。根据下文中的黑体句“What does processed food mean?”“What’s wrong with processed foods?”“What is it about processed foods?”“What should you eat?”可知，这些都是对加工食品特点的具体说明，帮助我们更好地了解加工食品对人们身体健康的影响，以及我们应该如何应对，所以这三项研究为此提供了更多便于了解的信息和见解。故选B。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员创建了一个系统，将食物分为四类。A. distinguishes 区分、辨别；B. defines 给……下定义；C. classifies 把……分类；D. maintains 维持、保持。根据句中“four groups”可知，系统把食品分成了四组类别。故选C。
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：该体系表示，高度加工的食品大多由工业化材料和添加剂制成。A.  specially 特别地、专门地；B. mostly 主要地、大多；C. natually 自然地；D. technically 技术上。根据第一段提到的“ how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.”可知，加工食品也是工业化食品；结合第二段“Sodas, packed cookies, instant noodles and chicken nugget are some examples of highly processed foods.”及常识可知，例子中所提到的高度加工的食品大多都是由工业化材料和添加剂制成。故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也包括一些看起来健康的产品，如早餐麦片、能量棒和某些酸奶。A. remain 保持；B. feel 感觉；C. become 变成；D. appear 出现、显现、看起来。根据句中“ such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.”并结合常识可知，早餐麦片、能量棒和某些酸奶在日常生活中都被人们视为健康食品；由句中“But”可知，本句与上一句为转折关系，说明这些食品在人们看来是健康的。故选D。
51．考查动词的过去分词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，当人们每天主要以加工食品为食物时，会多摄入约500卡路里。A. consumed 被消费、被消耗；B. forced 被迫使、被逼迫；C. deprived 被剥夺；D. fed 被喂养，被提供食物。根据下一句“were given less processed foods.”（被提供较少的加工食品）可知，本句应该是指被提供多的加工食品。故选D。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与之相比，同样的实验对象被提供较少加工的食物。A. same 相同的；B. normal 正常的；C. different 不同的；D. alternative 备选的、可替代的。根据第三段“ conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. ”可知，参加实验的研究对象共二十人；根据下文中“The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. ”可知，还是这二十个人被提供了较少加工的食物，说明参加实验的是同一波人。故选A。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被带到医疗中心，这样他们的健康和行为就可以被追踪。A. explained 解释、说明；B. tracked 跟踪、追踪；C. cured 治愈；D. overlooked 俯瞰、忽视。根据前文“Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. ”可知，研究者们用了二十个人来进行实验研究，所以需要对这些人的行为和健康情况进行跟踪记录。故选B。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，西班牙的一项类似研究表明，通常食用的加工食品越多，死亡的风险就会越高。A. Meanwhile 同时；B. However 然而；C. Hence 因此、之后；D. Otherwise 否则。 根据上一句“researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. ”（法国研究人员发现，吃更多加工食品的人更容易患心脏病。）可知，法国研究人员的发现与西班牙的研究结果是类似的，二者属于并列关系，所以“Meanwhile”符合语境。故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究中，当人们吃较少加工的食物时，他们会产生更多控制饥饿感的荷尔蒙。A. collected 收集、搜集；B. produced 生产、产生；C. absorbed 吸收；D. relieved 缓解、减轻。根据常识可知，荷尔蒙是由人体内产生的一种物质。故选B。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种反应的原因尚不清楚。A. hunger 饥饿；B. procedure 步骤、手序；C. reaction 反应、回应；D. feedback 反馈。根据上一句“When given less processed foods, people in the study produced more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger.”可知，人们会产生相应的荷尔蒙是对于吃较少加工食品的一种反应。故选C。
57．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Hall指出，营养物质的来源可能会有影响。A. strike a balance 结账、公平处理；B. run a risk 冒险；C. pose a threat 构成威胁；D. make a difference 有影响、有关系。根据下一句“For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel 　13　 than fiber added to packed foods such as energy bars and yogurt.”可知，所举例子说明了来自完整的水果和蔬菜中的纤维要比能量棒等加工食品中的更让人有饱腹感，即指营养物质的来源是有一定影响的。故选D。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，整个水果和蔬菜中的纤维可能比能量棒和酸奶等包装食品中的纤维更能让人有饱腹感。A. full 满的、饱的；B. content 满足的、满意的；C. starving 饥饿的；D. excited 激动的。根据前文“When given less processed foods, people in the study produced more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. ”可知，人们食用较少的加工食品时会产生更多的控制饥饿的荷尔蒙，即让人产生饱腹感的荷尔蒙；上一句“Hall noted the source of nutrients might make a difference. ”提到了营养物的来源可能会有一定影响；所以结合常识，这里是应该是指来自于完整水果蔬菜中的纤维比加工食品中的更让人有饱腹感。故选A。
59．考查副词词义辨析。句意：避开加工食品可能很难，尤其是对时间和金钱有限的人来说。A. especially 尤其、特别；B. generally 通常、一般；C. specially 特别地、专门地；D. reasonably 合理地。根据本句句意并结合常识可知，在现实生活中，想要完全避开加工食品基本上是不可能的，尤其是那些时间和金钱都有限的人，他们会经常选择吃一些半成品、方便面之类的加工食品来节约时间和成本。所以这里特别强调这一部分人，用“especially”符合语意。故选A。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，公司不断地调整产品，使它们看起来更健康。A. restructure 重组；B. rearrange 重新整理、重排；C. redecorate 重新装饰；D. reengineer 调整、重新设计。根据句中“to make them seem healthier”可知，公司为了使产品看起来更加健康，应该是不断地改进和调整产品的设计，所以“reengineer”较为合理。故选D。

61．C 62．D 63．A 64．B 65．B 66．C 67．D 68．D 69．A 70．C 71．B 72．C 73．D 74．B 75．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了印刷术的发展和意义。
61．考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，它是一种将墨水从着墨表面转移到介质上的方法。A. For example例如；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In other words换句话说；D. As a result结果。分析语境可知，后文“it is a means of transferring ink from an inked surface to the medium(它是把油墨从被墨的表面转移到介质上的一种方法)”是对前文“A printing press”的另一种解释，即，“换句话说”。故选C项。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现代印刷术是对以前方法的巨大改进。A. repetitive重复乏味的；B. progressive进步的，先进的；C. recordable可记录的；D. previous先前的，以往的。分析前后文语境可知，“system(方法)”应是指后文“People used to record by hand using a ‘pen’ and ink or brushing and rubbing repeatedly to achieve ink transfer.(人们习惯于用“笔”和墨水进行手工记录，或反复刷擦，以实现墨水的转移。)”提及的 “旧”印刷术。故选D项。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种方法在历史上主要用于文本，其特点是发行量小，成本高。A. featured以……为特色，以……为主要组成；B. eliminated清除，消除；C. reversed彻底转变，使完全相反；D. promoted促进，提升。根据前文“Such methods were historically used primarily for texts(这种方法在历史上主要用于文本)”可知，这种印刷术主要用于文本印刷，结合历史常识可推知，其特点应是流通性较小且成本高。故选A项。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，印刷机的发明彻底改变了世界各地的制书和发行。A. discharged释放，允许……离开；B. revolutionized彻底改变，完全变革；C. prioritized优先考虑；D. implemented实施，执行。根据后文“As the prices of book production fell, less wealthy members of society could suddenly gain access to…(随着图书生产价格的下降，不太富裕的社会成员突然可以获得……)”可知，印刷术的发明使得不富裕的阶级能够接触到书本，由此可推知，印刷术改变了书本印刷和发行。故选B项。
65．考查名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：随着书籍生产价格的下降，不太富裕的社会成员突然可以获得这种曾经的奢侈品。A. vigor活力；B. luxury奢侈；C. visible看得见的，明显的；D. plain朴素的，单纯的。根据前文“As the prices of book production fell(随着图书生产价格的下降)”可推知，以往的书本印刷和发行成本较高，对于不富裕阶级来说是奢侈品。故选B项。
66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当有人提到印刷机时，西方世界会本能地想到15世纪 Johannes Guttenberg的革命。A. neutrally中立，保持中立；B. jealously努力地，嫉妒地；C. instinctively本能地，凭直觉地；D. distressingly令人苦恼地，悲惨地。根据后文“Despite this fact, Guttenberg ___9___ his place in history for the fantastic mass-production of books for the first time.(尽管如此，Guttenberg在历史上的地位当之无愧，因为他第一次大规模生产了大量的书籍。)”可知，Guttenberg的印刷术在历史上影响较为深远，因此，一提到印刷术，西方人会本能地想起他。故选C项。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的发明是一个突破，但它并不是第一个印刷术。A. insight洞悉，了解；B. downturn衰退，下降；C. outburst爆发，激化；D. breakthrough突破。根据后文“Despite this fact, Guttenberg ___9___ his place in history for the fantastic mass-production of books for the first time.(尽管如此，Guttenberg在历史上的地位当之无愧，因为他第一次大规模生产了大量的书籍。)”可知，Guttenberg的印刷术在历史上影响较为深远，是一个突破。故选D项。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它的起源可以追溯到3世纪的少数地区，并在唐代得到广泛应用。A. restriction限制规定；B. investigation调查，侦查；C. perception感知，见解；D. adaptation适应，改变。根据前文“in a small number of areas(在少数地区)”以及“into wide use(广泛使用)”可知，早期印刷术的使用经历了从小范围使用到大范围使用的改变和适应。故选D项。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，Guttenberg在历史上的地位当之无愧，因为他第一次大规模生产了大量的书籍。A. deserves值得，应受；B. insists坚持；C. forecasts预测，预报；D. strengthens增强，巩固。根据后文“for the fantastic mass-production of books for the first time(第一次大规模生产书籍)”可知，Guttenberg的印刷术使得图书大量生产，由此在历史上应得到一定的地位。故选A项。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他发明之前，思想的传播是一个耗费精力的过程。A. time-limited有时间限制的；B. tech-addicted沉迷于技术的；C. effort-consuming耗费精力的；D. money-saving省钱的。根据后文“That effectively meant access to the printed world was limited to those who could___11__ its high price.(这实际上意味着只有那些能够负担得起高昂价格的人才能接触到印刷世界。)”可知，他的印刷术出现之前，印刷耗时耗力。故选C项。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这实际上意味着只有那些能够负担得起高昂价格的人才能接触到印刷世界。A. impact（对某事物）有影响，有作用；B. afford承担得起；C. revise改变，修改；D. boast自夸。根据后文宾语“its high price”意为“高额的价格”，应是动作“承担得起”。故选B项。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书被描述为“现存最早完整的印刷书籍”。A. destruction毁灭，破坏；B. renewal更新，重新开始；C. survival生存，幸存；D. motivation动力，诱因。根据前文“The earliest copy of The Diamond Sutra was discovered inside a cave near Dunhuang, which was printed in the 9th Century.(最早的《金刚经》是在敦煌附近的一个山洞里发现的，它是9世纪印刷的。)”可知，《金刚经》是9世纪印刷的，是历史演变过程中幸存下来的印刷本。故选C项。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的发现改写了西方人对印刷机发展的认知。A. inherited继承，继任；B. declared公布，宣布；C. misled误导；D. rewrote改写，重写。根据后文“what the westerners thought they knew about the development of the printing press(西方人以为他们了解印刷术的发展)”可知，《金刚经》的发现应是颠覆了西方人所了解的印刷术，“改写”了印刷术发展史。故选D项。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在出生在普通家庭的毕昇发明了早期活字印刷术后，印刷术在11世纪得到了极大的发展。A. modeled将……做成模型，复制；B. fueled给……提供燃料，刺激；C. industrialized（使）工业化；D. suspended暂停，中止。根据后文“developed a form of early movable type(发展了早期活字印刷的一种形式)”可推知，毕昇发明的早期活字印刷给印刷术的发展带来了刺激和动力。故选B项。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管人们对毕昇知之甚少，但他创造数百个汉字的创新方法是现代印刷术发展道路上的一块巨大垫脚石。A. innovative革新的，创新的；B. unimpressive普通的，平庸的；C. abnormal不正常的，反常的；D. conventional墨守成规的，传统的。根据前文“developed a form of early movable type(发展了早期活字印刷的一种形式)”可知，毕昇发展了早期的活字印刷术，这是一种改革和创新。故选A项。

76．A 77．A 78．D 79．D 80．A 81．B 82．B 83．A 84．A 85．C 86．B 87．D 88．A 89．C 90．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了教会大学生用理智选择自己的生活的重要性。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是对于他们所走向的道路上重要的部分，教育却没有提供足够的帮助来引导他们思考。A. assistance帮助；B. protection保护；C. recognition识别；D. treatment对待，治疗。根据前文“Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step.”中的提示词“helping”可知，此处教育未能帮助学生去思考生活的本质，故选A。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今很多机构已经忘记了，教育重要的部分是教会年轻人选择的艺术以及培养他们如何用理智来决定哪些努力值得他们的付出。A. forgotten忘记；B. promised承诺；C. repeated重复；D. responded回复，回应。根据前文“But it does not give them adequate 　　1　　 in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing.”可知，此处指很多机构忘记了去教会年轻人选择，教会他们用理性来决定他们的付出，故选A。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. determination决心；B. imagination想象力；C. memory记忆力；D. reason理智，道理。根据空前“and to train them to use”可知，此处指培训他们用理智来决定他们的付出，故选D。
79．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们设法系统地解决了这个问题，通过设计一门专为年轻人介绍选择的艺术的课程。A. controversially有争议地；B. effortlessly轻松地，毫不费力地；C. resistantly反抗地；D. systematically系统地。根据后文“by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing.”可知，此处指系统地解决了这个问题，故选D。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这门课程以柏拉图的“高尔吉斯”开始，它是一段混乱的对话，开启了关于“通向好生活的方式到底是道德的追求还是快乐的追求”的讨论。A. argument讨论，争议；B. lecture演讲，讲座；C. performance表演；D. session一段时间，会议。根据空后“over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life.”可知，此处指开启了关于此话题的讨论，故选A。
81．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这次对话没有结果；没有人满意。A. automatically自动地；B. inconclusively没有结论地，非决定性地；C. indirectly直接地；D. unnecessarily非必要地。根据后文“no one is satisfied.”可知，此处指这次对话没有结论，故选B。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是有规律的是，它唤醒了这种想法，学生需要更好地了解塑造他们生活的选择。A. abuses滥用；B. awakens唤醒；C. demonstrates证明；D. echoes回响，附和。根据后文“It is the dialogue’s 　　8　　 that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good.”可知，此处之后它唤醒了学生需要更好地了解自己选择的这种想法，故选B。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种对话的设想提醒了他们：我们能认真地讨论什么代表着人性的善良的这种想法。A. assumption设想，假设；B. pattern模式；C. progress进步；D. variation变异，变化。根据后文“the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good.”可知，此处指对话的这个设想，想法提醒了他们，故选A。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生很感激去发现选择的这种艺术。A. grateful感激的，感谢的；B. quick快速的；C. reluctant勉强的，不情愿的；D. shocked震惊的。根据后文“Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one’s voice can be made to sing.”可知，此处指学生很感激发现这种选择的艺术，故选A。
85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么机构很少去教授呢？A. commonly常见地，通常地；B. effectively有效果地；C. rarely罕见地，很少地；D. strictly严格地。根据前文“Many institutions today have 　　2　　 that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use 　　3　　 to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.”可知，此处指机构很少去教授学生选择的艺术，故选C。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些情况下，鼓励情报人员强调专业的研究，而不是去思考生活的好处。A. direct指导；B. emphasize强调；C. review检查；D. sponsor赞助。根据空后“specialized research rather than thinking about the good life.”可知，此处指强调专业的研究，而不强调思考的重要性，故选B。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其他情况下，他们有着共同的想法，比起头脑，感觉是通向幸福的更可靠的指导。A. detailed详细的；B. formal正式的；C. qualified合格的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文“In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to 　　11　　 specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more”可知，此处指在一些情况下，强调了研究的重要性，但在另一些情况下，就强调的是感觉的重要性，故此处指感觉是更可靠的指导，故选D。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大学应该自觉地优先考虑让学生开始富有逻辑地去思考该怎样生活。A. logical富有逻辑的；B. moral具有道德的；C. spiritual精神上的；D. theoretical理论上的。根据后文“Doing so will hold them 　　14　　 performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to 　　15　　 about the ends they pursue.”可知，此处指让学生逻辑性地去思考该如何生活，故选A。
89．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：这样做能让他们为自己的本职工作负责：帮助年轻人学会理性地对待塑造他们生活的选择，帮助他们反思所追求的目标。A. eager for对……渴望的；B. patient with对……有耐心的；C. responsible for对……有责任的，负责的；D. skilled at对……擅长的。根据空后“performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to 　　15　　 about the ends they pursue.”可知，此处指教会大学生为自己的工作负责，故选C。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. complain抱怨；B. experiment做实验；C. question质疑；D. reflect反思。根据上文“ learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives ”可知，此处指学会理性对待塑造他们生活的选择，并反思他们所追求的目标，故选D。

91．B 92．C 93．A 94．D 95．D 96．C 97．B 98．A 99．C 100．A 101．D 102．D 103．B 104．B 105．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么有人喜欢寻求危险冬季运动的刺激，还探究了危险冬季运动的恐惧和吸引力之间的关系，作者认为此类运动危险，人们应该带头盔。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我落地之前，有一段令人惊讶的时间来反思，在漫长而痛苦的救护车抵达路上还有更多的时间来反思。A. left离开；B. hit碰撞、到达；C. flew飞；D. lost失去。由上文的“Once I went flying off the side of a mountain on skis. (有一次我踩着滑雪板从山上飞下来)”和“the ground”可知，踩着滑雪板从山上飞下来的作者要到达地面了，即落地。故选B项。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：冬奥会就在这里，看着跳台滑雪和人们以危险的速度猛冲下山，我会惊讶于自己吓得心脏都要跳出来了。A. short-lived短暂的；B. mind-numbing令人厌烦的；C. break-neck危险的；D. long-drawn-out拖长的。呼应上文的“hurtling downhill (猛冲/飞驰下山)”和下文的“But why are we so attracted to doing, watching and glamorizing dangerous activity?(但为什么我们如此热衷于从事、观看和美化危险活动？)”可知，跳台滑雪速度极快，是很危险的速度。故选C项。
93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明我不是唯一一个。A. turns转变；B. hangs悬挂；C. takes花费；D. bursts爆发出。由上文的“Is it really the thrill (兴奋) of the adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush? I hate that part when I take a big risk of any kind. (这真的是肾上腺素飙升的刺激吗？当我冒任何风险的时候，我都讨厌这一部分)”可知作者不喜欢危险冬季运动的刺激，再根据下文的“Eric Brymer and Robert Schweitzer asked people who had been doing an extreme sport for many years, to reflect  　　7　　 on the experience. (Eric Brymer和Robert Schweitzer要求从事极限运动多年的人……反思自己的经历)”可知Eric Brymer和Robert Schweitzer也不赞成进行危险冬季运动，可得出事实证明作者不是唯一一个不喜欢危险冬季运动的人，It turns out…(结果发现、结果是)。故选A项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意： Marvin Zuckerman和其他人提出的“寻求刺激者”的流行解释，即寻求感觉是一种基本的人格特征，受到了强烈的挑战。A. applauded鼓掌；B. prohibited禁止；C. recommended建议；D. challenged挑战。由上文的“Is it really the thrill (兴奋) of the adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush? I hate that part when I take a big risk of any kind. (这真的是肾上腺素飙升的刺激吗？当我冒任何风险的时候，我都讨厌这一部分)”和下文的“Eric Brymer and Robert Schweitzer asked people who had been doing an extreme sport for many years, to reflect  　　7　　 on the experience. (Eric Brymer和Robert Schweitzer要求从事极限运动多年的人……反思自己的经历)”可知，作者不是唯一一个不喜欢危险冬季运动的人，说明Marvin Zuckerman和其他人提出的“寻求刺激者”的说法受到了挑战。故选D项。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人为此付出了高昂的代价。A. interest兴趣；B. respect尊重；C. priority优先权；D. price代价。由下文的“Presumably, many of the people who are severely injured thought so too. (想必很多受重伤的人也这么认为)”和“Children who hurt their heads sledding need hospitalization twice as much as for head injuries in other sports. Helmets aren’t used much, though. (在雪橇上头部受伤的儿童需要住院治疗的时间是其他运动中头部受伤的两倍)”可知，为了寻求刺激，危险冬季活动可能会让人为此付出高昂的代价——受重伤。故选D项。
96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们与恐惧、勇气和冒险的关系是复杂的。A. simple简单的；B. straightforward直接的；C. complicated复杂的；D. close接近的。由下文的“For these people, it wasn’t that they didn’t feel fear, or that they were attracted to the feeling of fear. They saw fear as an important tool (对这些人来说，并不是他们不感到恐惧，或者他们被恐惧的感觉所吸引。他们认为恐惧是重要工具)”和“and working through it was a transformative experience. Part of the reward was the sense of one-ness with nature that lay (克服恐惧是一种变革性的经历。回报的一部分是超越恐惧的与自然融为一体的感觉)”可知，作者不喜欢危险冬季运动的刺激，但喜欢寻求刺激者认为恐惧、勇气和冒险是有好处的，其间关系很复杂。故选C项。
97．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Eric Brymer和Robert Schweitzer要求从事极限运动多年的人深刻反思自己的经历。A. swiftly快速地；B. deeply深刻地；C. intensely紧张地；D. temporarily暂时地。由本处的“reflect 　　7　　 on the experience”可知，Eric Brymer和Robert Schweitzer也不赞成进行危险冬季运动，所以要求从事极限运动多年的人深刻反思自己的经历。故选B项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们认为恐惧是识别危险的重要工具，克服恐惧是一种变革性的经历。A. identify识别；B. dread畏惧；C. treasure珍视；D. conduct实施。由下文的“and working through it was a transformative experience (克服恐惧是一种变革性的经历)”可知，克服恐惧的前提是要识别出恐惧。故选A项。
99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回报的一部分是超越恐惧的与自然融为一体的感觉。A. experience经验；B. society社会；C. fear恐惧；D. environment环境。由上文的“They saw fear as an important tool to 　　8　　 danger—and working through it was a transformative experience.(他们认为恐惧是识别危险的重要工具，克服恐惧是一种变革性的经历)”可知，该句讲克服恐惧的好处，即超越恐惧，体验与自然融为一体的感觉。故选C项。
100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，阅读研究参与者所说的话很有启发性，其中有很多内容很容易理解。A. enlightening富有启发性的；B. distressing令人苦恼的；C. entertaining娱乐的；D. confusing令人困惑的。由下文的“there was a lot that was easy to relate to (其中有很多内容很容易理解)”可知，研究参与者所说的话很容易理解，对作者思考危险冬季运动很有启发性。故选A项。
101．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们似乎认为自己只是在承担可以战胜的风险。A. Hence因此；B. Furthermore此外；C. Rather相当地；D. However然而。由上文讲“作者不赞成危险冬季运动”和下文“it seemed as though they believed they were only taking on risks over which they could prevail (战胜). Presumably, many of the people who are severely injured thought so too. (他们似乎认为自己只是在承担可以战胜的风险。想必很多受重伤的人也这么认为)”讲一些人认为可以战胜风险而继续进行危险冬季运动可知，作者与下文的观点相反，用However。故选D项。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道，许多抽中下下签的人会不会后悔呢？A. scene场景；B. picture图画；C. odds可能性；D. straw稻草。由上文的“Presumably, many of the people who are severely injured thought so too.(想必很多受重伤的人也这么认为)”可知，诸如危险冬季运动的极限运动可能会让人重伤，所以作者想知道这些抽中下下签的人（即倒霉重伤的人）会不会后悔，draw the short straw (抽中下下签)。故选D项。
103．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的热情和缺乏技能之间的反差，解释了这篇文章开头的一个有点惊人的意外。A. stands for代表；B. accounts for导致、解释；C. checks out结账离开；D. points out指出。由上文的“Once I went flying off the side of a mountain on skis. (有一次我踩着滑雪板从山上飞下来)”和“The contrast between my enthusiasm and lack of skill”可知，作者的热情和缺乏技能之间的反差，解释了文章开头作者出现的意外。故选B项。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还提倡在雪橇和滑冰时使用头盔。A. belt腰带；B. helmet头盔；C. protection保护；D. blade刀片。由上文的“For example, Brian Chaze and Patrick McDonald gathered published data on head injuries in winter sports. (例如，Brian Chaze和Patrick McDonald收集了冬季运动中头部受伤的公开数据)”可知，Brian Chaze和Patrick McDonald会提倡在雪橇和滑冰时使用头盔，以避免头部受伤，呼应下文的“Helmets”。故选B项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许观看冬奥会选手的最佳收获不是他们冒险的魅力，而是他们挥舞头盔的方式。A. take-away有些收获；B. carry-out外卖的食物；C. take-off起飞；D. try-out试用。由上文的“Helmets aren’t used much, though. (不过头盔用得不多)”和下文的“from watching the winter Olympians is not the glamour of their risk-taking, but the way they rock those helmets”可知，人们还是不愿戴头盔，可得出此处讲观看冬奥会选手的最佳收获是看运动员们戴着头盔，这有好处。故选A项。

106．B 107．D 108．A 109．B 110．B 111．A 112．D 113．B 114．A 115．A 116．C 117．B 118．D 119．C 120．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是3D打印机的发展情况，虽然3D打印机的炒作有很多，也有人在质疑它的商业价值，但是3D打印机很快与主流制造业结合在一起。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这里说的不单单是这些夜以继日地运行着的机器以及区区几个管理它们的技术员。A. designed设计；B. attended照顾；C. introduced介绍，引进；D. maintained保持，维护。根据上文中的“run day and night”以及下文中的“…by just a handful of technicians”可知，这些运行的机器需要技术员们照顾。故选B项。
107．考查副词词义辨析。句意：而是说这些机器正在制造的产品揭示了革命性的生产过程如何一步步进入制造业主流之中的。A. Likewise同样地；B. Furthermore而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Instead反而。根据句意理解，上文中的“It is not simply that the machines run…”与空后的 “it is what they are making that shows…”表示转折关系。故选D项。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而是说这些机器正在制造的产品揭示了革命性的生产过程如何一步步进入制造业主流之中的。A. entering进入；B. conveying传达；C. transferring转移；D. adjusting调整。根据空前的“the revolutionary production process”和空后的“the manufacturing mainstream”意思理解可知，此处表示的是革命性的生产过程进入到制造业主流中。故选A项。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机是采用特定的材料，一次一层地逐层累加将物品生产出来的，而不是通过切割、钻削或机加工逐步往下削减生产——这也是该工艺还被称做增材制造的原因。A. erasing擦除；B. removing清除；C. resolving解决；D. eliminating根除。根据下文中的“by cutting, drilling or machining”可知，此处是通过切割，钻削等去除一些东西，来进行产品生产。故选B项。
110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有很多方法可以做到这一点，只需对软件进行微调，每个项目都可以不同，而无需昂贵的机器重新加工。A. delicate精美的；B. fine细微的，好的；C. sophisticated老练的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据下文的“each item can be different, without the need for costly retooling of machines”可知，无需昂贵的机器重新加工，让每个项目都可以不同，需要对软件进行微调才能达到，fine表示“细微的”。故选B项。
111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得3D打印成为制造一次性物品的流行方式，尤其是原型零件，模型，小型机械设备和工艺品。A. popular流行的；B. eminent卓越的；C. unique独特的；D. regular定期的。根据上文中对3D打印机的优点介绍，尤其是“without the need for costly retooling of machines”可知，此处说明的是3D打印机受欢迎的原因。故选A项。
112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机也就能做好这么多事了，怀疑者认为。A. imply暗示；B. predict预测；C. prescribe开处方；D. reckon认为。根据第二段讲“3D打印机的优点”可知，本处怀疑者认为3D打印机也只能做好这么多事了。故选D项。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为3D打印只是制造真正成品的“一个把戏”，没有任何商业价值，他发誓，如果被证明是错误的，他将开始倒着写他的名字。A. further进一步的；B. commercial商业的；C. practical实用的；D. scientific科学的。根据上文的“He thinks 3D printing is just “a trick””可知，富士康老板认为3D打印只是“一个把戏”，说明他不看好此技术，认为这项技术没有商业价值，与最后一段中的“Last year it was worth $2.2 billion worldwide, up 29% from 2011.”形成鲜明对比。故选B项。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为3D打印只是制造真正成品的“一个把戏”，没有任何商业价值，他发誓，如果被证明是错误的，他将开始倒着写他的名字。A. proved证明；B. supposed假设；C. considered考虑；D. described描述。根据上文中的“he has vowed to start spelling his name backwards…”可知，只有证实他对3D打印机的观点是错误的，他才会倒着写自己的名字。故选A项。
115．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管技术正在改进，但一些印刷品的光洁度和耐用性仍然不能满足生产商的要求。A. Even though即使；B. Now that既然；C. If only只要；D. Provided that如果。根据本句上下文之间的关系可知，此处表示的是让步关系。故选A项。
116．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管技术正在改进，但一些印刷品的光洁度和耐用性仍然不能满足生产商的要求。A. advance with与……共同前进；B. lag behind落后，拖欠；C. fall short of达不到；D. cater for迎合。根据上文“10 the technology is improving”与该空的让步关系可以推断，即使技术改进了，也达不到生产商的需求，呼应下文“And nor can 3D printers produce millions of...”讲3D打印机的缺点。故选C项。
117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机也不能像大规模生产线那样以低成本生产数百万个相同的零件。A. exact准确的；B. identical同样的；C. similar相似的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文的“And nor can 3D printers produce millions of…”可知，此处强调的是3D 打印机低成本生产出上百万件一样的产品不太可能，符合语境。故选B项。
118．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，3D打印机有其优点，这就是为什么它们开始被一些世界上最大的制造商使用，如空中客车，波音，通用电气，福特和西门子。A. Then然后；B. Also也。C. Otherwise否则，要不然。D. Nevertheless然而。分析上文讲“3D打印机的缺点”与空后的逻辑关系可知，空后讲述的是3D打印机的优点，为转折关系。故选D项。
119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：3D打印机和服务市场很小，但增长迅速。A. reserves保护区；B. promotions升职，促销；C. services服务；D. sales销售。根据上文的“they are starting to be used by some of the world’s biggest manufacturers, such as Airbus, Boeing, GE, Ford and Siemens.(它们开始被一些世界上最大的制造商使用，如空中客车，波音，通用电气，福特和西门子)”和and可知，此处表述的内容与前面的内容为并列关系，结合语境可知，此处为3D打印机和它的服务市场。故选C项。
120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着生产商越来越熟悉这项技术，他们正在从原型件向最终产品转变。A. agreeable愉悦的；B. identical同样的；C. understandable可以理解的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文中的“they are moving from prototype to final products.”可知，产品能从原型件向最终产品转变，说明人们对3D打印机越来越熟悉。故选D项。

121．B 122．D 123．A 124．B 125．C 126．B 127．A 128．C 129．B 130．D 131．C 132．A 133．C 134．B 135．D

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了《科学》杂志将组建统计评审编辑委员会，在同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的数据检查。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总编辑玛西亚·麦克纳特今天宣布，它将在同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的数据检查。A. announcing宣布；B. adding增加；C. promoting促进；D. advertising登广告。根据句中“an extra round of statistical (数据的) checks”可知，这一轮数据检查是额外增加的。故选B项。
122．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他期刊也采取了类似的措施，因为人们普遍担心数据分析中的基本错误正导致许多已发表的研究成果不可复制。A. resulting from由于；B. putting forward提出；C. calling on号召；D. leading to导致。根据句中“basic mistakes in data analysis”可推知，数据分析中的错误可能会导致问题。故选D项。
123．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“读者必须对我们杂志上发表的结论有信心，”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。A. confidence自信；B. motivation动力；C. suspicion怀疑；D. justice公平。根据第一段“editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt”可知，Marcia McNutt是《科学》杂志总编辑，所以他要保证读者对《科学》杂志中的结论充满信心。故选A项。
124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该杂志与美国统计协会合作，任命了7名专家进入统计评审编辑委员会。A. rejected拒绝；B. appointed任命，委派；C. transported运输；D. blamed谴责。根据句中“seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors”可知，《科学》杂志任命了7名专家加入评审编辑委员会。故选B项。
125．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：稿件将被标记出来，接受杂志内部编辑、现有的评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审的额外审查。A. considerate体贴的；B. remote遥远的；C. outside外部的；D. indirect间接的。根据下文“The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians”可知，除了杂志内部编辑和现有评审编辑委员会评审，还有外部同行评审机制。故选C项。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，该委员会将寻找外部统计学家来审查这些原稿。A. gather聚集；B. review审查；C. compare比较；D. qualify取得资格。根据上文“the journal has　4　 seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors”和“Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny (审查)”可知，这些原稿需要接受外部统计学家的审查。故选B项。
127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及是否有特定的论文促成这一改变时，麦克纳特说：“统计委员会”的创立是出于对科学研究中的应用统计和数据分析的广泛关注。A. stimulated促进，激发；B. revolutionized改革；C. judged判断；D. resisted抵制。根据下文“The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns　8　 with the application statistics and data analysis in scientific research.”可知，McNutt解释了建立统计委员会的原因，由此推知，他被问及的问题是是否有特定的论文促成这一改变。故选A项。
128．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当被问及是否有特定的论文促成这一改变时，麦克纳特说：“统计委员会”的创立是出于对科学研究中的应用统计和数据分析的广泛关注。A. fortunately幸运地；B. negatively消极地；C. broadly广泛地；D. automatically自动地。根据句中“the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns”可知，McNutt在解释建立统计委员会的原因，由此推知，只有问题得到广泛关注才能促成变革。故选C项。
129．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是《科学》杂志提高我们发表的研究的可再生产性的整体驱动力的一部分。A. evaluation评价；B. drive驱动力；C. fuel燃料；D. trick花招。根据句中“to increase re-producibility in the research”可知，提高研究的可再生产性是《科学》杂志的驱动力。故选B项。
130．考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、SBoRE小组成员Giovanni Parmigiani表示，他希望该委员会“主要发挥咨询作用”。A. permitted允许；B. forced强迫；C. ordered命令；D. expected期待。根据句中“to ‘play primarily a consultive role’”可知，这是Giovanni Parmigiani对统计委员会的期望。故选D项。
131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他之所以同意加入，是因为他“发现建立SBoRE背后的远见卓识是新颖的、独特的，可能会产生持久的影响。”。A. thoughtless轻率的；B. amusing有趣的；C. fresh新颖的，独创的；D. profitable盈利的。根据句中“foresight”和“unique”可推知，建立统计评审编辑委员会的是具有前瞻性的、新颖的、独特的。故选C项。
132．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种影响将不仅仅是通过《科学》杂志自己发表的论文产生作用，而且有望通过更大的、可能想要效仿《科学》杂志的方法出版机构来产生作用。A. model模仿、仿照；B. record记录；C. donate捐赠；D. exchange交换。根据句中“after Science”可知，其他出版机构会效仿《科学》杂志的做法。故选A项。
133．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，澳大利亚帕克维尔沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔医学研究所的细胞生物学家David Vaux说，在已发表的研究中，统计错误非常普遍，令人担忧。A. Furthermore此外；B. Instead相反；C. However然而；D. Consequently因此。上文说专业科学家知道如何分析数据，下文讲在已发表的研究中，统计错误仍非常普遍，上下文有转折关系。故选C项。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在2012年的《自然》杂志上写道，研究人员应该提高他们的标准，但期刊也应该采取更严厉的立场。A. deeper更深的；B. tougher更严厉的；C. farther更远的；D. thinner较薄的。上文讲研究人员应该提高论文标准，结合空前also可知，上下文是并列关系，因此，期刊也应该采取更严厉的审核态度。故选B项。
135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克斯说，《科学》杂志把一些论文交给统计学家的想法“有一定的优点，但缺点是它依赖于审查编辑委员会来确定首先需要审查的论文。A. remove移开；B. inform告知；C. adjust调整；D. identify确认。根据下文“the papers that need scrutiny in the first place”可知，审查编辑委员会需要先确认哪些论文要审查。故选D项。

136．C 137．B 138．D 139．C 140．B 141．C 142．C 143．B 144．A 145．D 146．C 147．D 148．D 149．B 150．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德比市批准了有望成为英国迄今为止最大的城市野生动物回归项目。
136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们包括从通过在新公寓建筑上安装雨燕和麻雀箱(现在比1980年减少了2.47亿只麻雀)来减缓物种的灭绝速度，到划定与阿利斯特利公园大小的区域。A. differ不同于；B. originate起源；C. range（在一定的范围内）变化；D. develop发展。根据下文“from aiming to slow down”可知，此处涉及固定句型range from......to，表示“在一定幅度或范围内变动”，符合句意。故选C项。
137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们包括从通过在新公寓建筑上安装雨燕和麻雀箱(现在比1980年减少了2.47亿只麻雀)来减缓物种的灭绝速度，到划定与阿利斯特利公园大小的区域。A. transporting运输；B. attaching装上，贴上，附着；C. leading领导；D. transforming使发生变化。根据下文“swift(雨燕)and sparrow boxes to new apartment constructions”可知，空处涉及固定搭配attach......to，表示“将……放在……上”，符合句意。故选B项。
138．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实上，一些最成功的项目都是偶然的。A. mature成熟的；B. established确立已久的；C. reputational声誉的；D. accidental偶然的。根据下文“Canvey Wick, a disused area of the Thames estuary, returned to a “self-wilded rainforest” that is now home to nearly 2,000 invertebrate(无脊椎的)species”可知，曾被废弃的地区现在变成野生动物聚集地，这一切并不是人为计划的，也就是偶然的（accidental）。故选D项。
139．考查副词词义辨析。句意：泰晤士河口的废弃地区坎维维克(Canvey Wick)重新变成了“自我野生雨林”，这里现在是近2000种无脊椎动物的家园，包括至少三种以前被认为已经灭绝的物种。A. specifically特意；B. fundamentally根本地，基础地；C. previously先前地；D. primarily主要地。根据下文“thought to be extinct”可知，此处指的是以前（previously）被认为已经灭绝的物种，现在在这里生活着。故选C项。
140．考查动词短语辨析。句意：河流是野生动物的天然走廊，流经城市，然后连接乡村。A. bring about引起；B. serve as担任，充当；C. contribute to有利于；D. rely on依靠，依赖。根据下文“natural wildlife corridors”可知，野生动物的天然走廊是河流所扮演（serve as）的角色。故选B项。
141．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在这里有很多野生动物，当地政府考虑引进海狸。A. Breeding繁殖；B. launching发射；C. introducing引进；D. favoring赞同。根据上文“Now it teems with(充满着)wildlife”可知，这里已经有很多野生动物了，政府还打算引进（introducing）海狸。故选C项。
142．考查介词短语辨析。句意：城市野化本身不会对全球变暖产生重大影响，因为英国只有6%左右的土地是在此基础上建成的。A. by contrast相比之下；B. for instance例如；C. in itself本质上；D. in the meanwhile同时。根据下文“won’t make a massive difference to global heating, with only 6% or so of Britain is actually built on it.”可知，因为英国只有6%左右的土地是在此基础上建成的，所以城市野化本身（in itself）不会对全球变暖产生重大影响。故选C项。
143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：加拿大最近的一项研究发现，在一个城市街区增加10棵树就会对人们对自己健康的看法产生很大影响；研究开始发现，不断增加的生物多样性可以增强这种影响。A. appreciations欣赏；B. perceptions认知；C. insights洞察力；D. recovery恢复。根据本句的“had a big effect on people’s 　　8 　 of their health”可知，此处指的对人们看对健康认知（perceptions）的影响。故选B项。
144．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在更普遍的范围内，那些遇到野生动物的人更有可能为之而战。A. encounter偶遇；B. sustain维持；C. create创造；D. promote推动，促进。根据上文“and access to nature has also been shown to improve psychological well-being.”可知，接触自然可能会对人的心理产生影响，所以这里指的就是偶遇（encounter）野生动物可能会让人甚至愿意为之而战。故选A项。
145．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：发展的压力意味着与商业利益的关系总是紧张的：肯特郡的斯旺斯-库姆半岛是另一个野生地区，是1992种无脊椎动物的家园，包括250种需要保护的动物，现在被保留给伦敦度假村，包括一个主题公园，预计将破坏76公顷的重要栖息地，这是生态网络的重要组成部分。A. recreational娱乐的，消遣的；B. political政治的；C. industrial工业的；D. commercial商业的。根据下文“for the London Resort, including a theme park expected to destroy 76 hectares of priority habitat”可知，发展野生动物保护区和商业（commercial）利益总是会冲突的。故选D项。
146．考查动词词义辨析。句意：发展的压力意味着与商业利益的关系总是紧张的：肯特郡的斯旺斯-库姆半岛是另一个野生地区，是1992种无脊椎动物的家园，包括250种需要保护的动物，现在被保留给伦敦度假村，包括一个主题公园，预计将破坏76公顷的重要栖息地，这是生态网络的重要组成部分。A. qualified使具有资格；B. maintained维持；C. reserved保留；D. cultivated栽培，培育。根据下文“for the London Resort, including a theme park expected to destroy 76 hectares of priority habitat”可知，此处指的是这块野生地区将会保留（reserved）给伦敦度假村，也会造成一定的破坏。故选C项。
147．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这相当于失去了140个足球场大小的国家重要栖息地。A. linked to与……有联系；B. inseparable from不可与……分开；C. dismissed as被……无视，被驳回；D. equivalent to相等（当）于……。根据下文“losing 140 football pitches”结合上文“expected to destroy 76 hectares of priority habitat”可知，空处是将两者对比，面积相当（equivalent to）。故选D项。
148．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这相当于失去了140个足球场大小的国家重要栖息地。A. value价值；B. profit利润；C. benefit利益；D. worth价值。根据下文“of nationally important habitat.”可知，此处指的是栖息地的价值（worth）。故选D项。
149．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个大流行中期、英国脱欧后、财政紧缩的时代，资金短缺的地方议会可能最难反驳财政方面的论点，但用德比郡野生动物信托基金会的乔·史密斯的话来说，“我们需要自然，就像它需要我们一样”，这一证据无疑是压倒性的。A. approve通过；B. counter反驳；C. settle解决；D. consider考虑。根据上文“In these mid-pandemic, post-Brexit, austerity-bitten (财政紧缩的) times”可知，此处是指面临各种问题，“资金短缺”这个借口是无法反驳的。故选B项。
150．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个大流行中期、英国脱欧后、财政紧缩的时代，资金短缺的地方议会可能最难反驳财政方面的论点，但用德比郡野生动物信托基金会的乔·史密斯的话来说，“我们需要自然，就像它需要我们一样”，这一证据无疑是压倒性的。A. fundamental基础的；B. essential必要的；C. overwhelming压倒性的；D. obvious明显的。根据上文“we need nature as much as it needs us”可知，对比资金短缺，“我们需要自然正如它需要我们一样”是一个具有压倒性的理由。故选C项。