2022-2023学年山东省烟台龙口市高一下学期分班考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年山东省烟台龙口市高一下学期分班考试英语试题含解析，共24页。试卷主要包含了答题前，务必用0，非选择题必须用0， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 英语阶段性测试
试题
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第一部分阅读理解(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever had such an experience that a day starting out bad just continues to get worse. But why?
Sometimes there’s a “domino effect” with bad events. For example, you sleep through the alarm, so you’re stressed. And you will sit in the bad traffic, which will also make you late to work, etc.
How can we turn a bad day to a good day? Here are some ideas that have worked for me:
Smile a lot
Smiling a lot will help you feel relaxed. Research has shown that smiling produces three useful chemicals which make us feel good.
Talk to a good friend
Talk to someone who cares and listens really does help us feel better, too.
Focus on your good things
It’s hard to focus on how bad things are when you’re focusing on how good things are!
Think of 10 or more things you’re thankful for, and you’ll achieve a whole new outlook (人生观) on your day.
Get some exercise
If you can, exercise. Exercising will help you feel better and it can get your day back to be normal again.
Make the day a challenge
If you make yourself think of the day as a challenge, you’ll start to do all the things you can to make your day better.
1. What does the underlined phrase the “domino effect” mean according to the passage?
A. It’s an effect that gets one event to cause (引起) other similar events to happen.
B. It’s an effect that turns a good day to a bad day.
C. It’s an effect that makes one person affect (影响) another.
D. It’s an effect that turns bad things into good things.
2. How can the three useful chemicals that smiling produces make us feel?
A. Angry. B. Relaxed. C. Stressed. D. Worried.
3. What will we do if we consider a bad day as a challenge?
A. We will try our best to do things. B. We will give up doing things.
C. We will lose all our confidence. D. We will go to exercise at once.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何把糟糕的一天变成好的一天。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“For example, you sleep through the alarm, so you’re stressed. And you will sit in the bad traffic, which will also make you late to work, etc.”（例如，你睡过头了，没听到闹钟，所以你很有压力。而且你会经历糟糕的交通，这也会让你上班迟到，等等。）可知，下文列举了睡过头这件坏事可能会引起很多件坏事，即一个事件导致其他类似事件发生，由此可知，“domino effect”指一种使一个事件导致其他类似事件发生的效应。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段内容“Smiling a lot will help you feel relaxed. Research has shown that smiling produces three useful chemicals which make us feel good.”（经常微笑会让你感到放松。研究表明，微笑会产生三种有用的化学物质，使我们感觉良好。）可知，微笑会产生三种有用的化学物质，使我们感觉良好，让我们感到放松，由此可知，微笑产生的三种有用的化学物质会让我们感觉放松。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“If you make yourself think of the day as a challenge, you’ll start to do all the things you can to make your day better.”（如果你让自己把这一天看作是一个挑战，你就会开始尽你所能让你的一天变得更好。）可知，如果我们认为糟糕的一天是一种挑战，我们就会尽自己所能让这一天变得更好，由此可知，如果我们认为糟糕的一天是一种挑战，我们就会尽力去做事情。故选A项。
B
One Thursday afternoon, when I was in Grade 9, a new boy came into my classroom. He was short and thin. He walked up to the teacher and told her, very seriously, that he was new. His name was Christian. He sat down, took a look at me, and then looked away. I didn’t think he was very nice and I was sure he wasn’t the type I would like to make friends with.
During that year, I didn’t talk to him much, but he smiled at me when our eyes met, always shyly. He never ate lunch with anybody, and he never talked to anybody but me.
But one day I joined those unkind kids who were making fun of him. We made fun of him though I thought it was wrong.
“Haven’t you got any friends?” a kid asked Christian, who had walked past us alone, with his head down.
“No, he hasn’t got any friends. He’s too stupid and shy” I said. Then Christian looked up at me with the saddest dog eyes I had ever seen. I felt very sorry at that moment.
That night, I couldn’t sleep because I couldn’t get Christian’s face out of my mind. In the weeks that followed, he never met my eyes in class and never smiled at me. It was really hard for me to decide to write him a note asking him to forgive(原谅) me. But I thought I should.
The next day in class, I wrote him a note telling him how sorry I felt. About five minutes later, I turned and saw tears in his eyes. “You will never realize what your apology(道歉) has meant to me, Jimmy” he said to me. “I hope we can become friends.”
We had lunch together that noon and we had the best talk I had ever had. Over the years at high school, we were close friends.
When I think back, I realize that, if I had not apologized, I would never have known what a lovely person Christian was.
Apologies can really change your life, so never miss the chance to tell somebody you are sorry.
4. From the passage, we know Christian was a ______ boy.
A. tall and fat B. short and shy C. short and active D. lovely and fat
5. Jimmy didn’t talk to Christian much at first because ________.
A. he didn’t think Christian was the type he wanted to make friends with
B. Christian wasn’t nice to people around him after he came to the new class
C. Christian made friends with others
D. Christian had the saddest dog eyes
6. Jimmy felt________ after he made fun of Christian with other unkind kids.
A. happy B. interested C. sorry D. bored
7 This article tells us that ________.
A. we should make an apology when we hurt others
B. Jimmy’s apology was unimportant to Christian
C. Christian wasn’t lovely in fact
D. it is impossible to say sorry to others
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者的故事，作者曾经因为害怕不能融入其他人而选择取笑自己的一个朋友，幸亏作者最终意识到自己的错误，及时道歉，挽回了这个好朋友。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One Thursday afternoon, when I was in Grade 9, a new boy came into my classroom. He was short and thin. (一个星期四的下午，当我在九年级的时候，一个新男孩走进了我的教室。他又矮又瘦。)”以及第二段“During that year, I didn’t talk to him much, but he smiled at me when our eyes met, always shyly. He never ate lunch with anybody, and he never talked to anybody but me. (在那一年里，我很少和他说话，但当我们的目光相遇时，他总是害羞地对我微笑。他从不和任何人一起吃午饭，除了我，他从不和任何人说话。)”可知，克里斯蒂安是个个子矮小的人，而且很害羞。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I didn’t think he was very nice and I was sure he wasn’t the type I would like to make friends with.(我不认为他是一个很好的人，我确信他不是我想要交朋友的类型。)”可知，作者不和克里斯蒂安交朋友，是因为作者认为他不是自己想去交朋友的人。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段““No, he hasn’t got any friends. He’s too stupid and shy” I said. Then Christian looked up at me with the saddest dog eyes I had ever seen. I felt very sorry at that moment.(“不，他没有朋友。他太笨，太害羞了。”我说。然后克里斯蒂安抬头看着我，眼神中流露出我从未见过的最悲伤的狗一样的神情。那一刻我感到非常抱歉。)”可知，当作者和其他不友善的孩子们一起取笑克里斯蒂安时，心里感到很抱歉。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“When I think back, I realize that, if I had not apologized, I would never have known what a lovely person Christian was.(当我回想起来，我意识到，如果我没有道歉，我永远不会知道克里斯蒂安是一个多么可爱的人。)”以及最后一段“Apologies can really change your life, so never miss the chance to tell somebody you are sorry.(道歉真的可以改变你的生活，所以不要错过向别人道歉的机会。)”可知，文章主要告诉我们，当我们伤害他人的时候我们应该及时道歉。故选A。
C
In today’s world, sleep experts say that for a better night’s rest, Americans should turn off their smartphones or iPad before sleeping. Such electronic products make the brain more active, and then influence their sleep. But according to a latest survey, more than 90% of Americans regularly use a computer or some other kinds of electronic products in the hour before bed.
Researchers are finding that man-made light from some electronic products at night may reduce the brain chemicals(化学物质) that help sleep. The researchers showed that sitting in the light from computer tablets clearly lowered levels of the chemical which manages our body clocks and plays a role in the sleep cycle.
In the study, the researchers let volunteers read, play games and watch movies on a tablet for different time while measuring(测量) how much light their eyes received. They found that two hours of sitting before a bright tablet screen at night reduced the sleep chemical levels by about 22%.
Studies of students using computers at night have got the similar results. And researchers say that may not only cause sleeplessness, but also raise the risk of obesity(肥胖症), diabetes(糖尿病) and other diseases.
To be on the safe side, the researchers advise us to use computers less before bed, or at the very least turning down your screen as much as possible.
8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Americans don’t get enough sleep.
B. Electronic products are very popular.
C. The brain becomes more active at night.
D. Sleep experts never use smartphones.
9. The volunteers in the study did the following things EXCEPT ________.
A. listening to music
B. playing computer games
C. watching movies
D. reading electronic books
10. The underlined word “that” probably means ________ in the passage.
A. making a survey about sleep
B using smartphones in the daytime
C. sitting in a bright room
D. using computers at night
11. What does the passage tell us to do to have a good sleep?
A. Learn to use smartphones or iPad.
B. Watch some relaxing TV programs.
C. Turn down the screen to the lowest.
D. Try to sleep earlier than before.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明由于很多美国人经常在睡前一小时使用电脑或其他一些电子产品，导致这些人大脑活跃，因而影响了他们的睡眠。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“In today’s world, sleep experts say that for a better night’s rest, Americans should turn off their smartphones or iPad before sleeping. Such electronic products make the brain more active, and then influence their sleep. But according to a latest survey, more than 90% of Americans regularly use a computer or some other kinds of electronic products in the hour before bed.(在当今世界，睡眠专家表示，为了在晚上得到更好的休息，美国人应该在睡觉前关闭智能手机或iPad。这些电子产品使大脑更加活跃，从而影响他们的睡眠。但根据一项最新调查，超过90%的美国人经常在睡前一小时使用电脑或其他一些电子产品。)”可知，有超过90%的美国人经常在睡前一小时使用电脑或其他一些电子产品，由此可以判断电子产品在美国很受欢迎。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the study, the researchers let volunteers read, play games and watch movies on a tablet for different time while measuring(测量) how much light their eyes received.(在这项研究中，研究人员让志愿者在不同的时间在平板电脑上阅读、玩游戏和看电影，同时测量他们的眼睛接收到多少光线。)”可知，研究人员让志愿者在平板电脑上阅读、玩游戏和看电影，没有听音乐。故选A。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词的上一句“Studies of students using computers at night have got the similar results.(对学生夜间使用电脑的研究也得到了类似的结果。)”可知，下文是对学生夜间使用电脑的研究结果。那么划线单词后“may not only cause sleeplessness, but also raise the risk of obesity(肥胖症), diabetes(糖尿病) and other diseases.(不仅会导致失眠，还会增加患肥胖症、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险。)”指的自然是学生夜间使用电脑带来的后果。所以划线单词that指的是“夜间使用电脑”。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To be on the safe side, the researchers advise us to use computers less before bed, or at the very least turning down your screen as much as possible.(为了安全起见，研究人员建议我们睡前少用电脑，或者至少尽可能地调低屏幕。)”可知，文章认为如果想要拥有好的睡眠，我们可以睡前少用电脑或者尽可能将屏幕调低。故选C。
D
Boris, a foreign student at Communication University of China, often shares his experiences of Chinese culture on his vlog (视频博客).
In one video, for example, Boris shared how he had learned the Chinese word dongxi. He translated each part separately into “east west”. And he introduced one theory (说法) about how dongxi came to mean “things”. He told people that all marketplaces in ancient Chinese cities were set up along a single road that ran from east to west. So when you would say qu mai dongxi, you’d be saying, “I’m going to buy things.”
Some other videos show his reading Chinese poems and performing kung fu in Chinese traditional costume, which are quite welcome among his 40, 000 followers.
“Many of my followers are learning Chinese,” Boris said. “But sadly, they know little about Chinese culture and the country.”
Like many foreigners, Boris once believed that all Chinese could perform kung fu, flying onto roofs and walking over walls. He thought the country was not that developed. But after he got a scholarship (奖学金) to study in China, his view changed. “China has entered a new period, but many people’s impressions of China are still stuck in the1970s,” Boris said. “That’s why I started to shoot vlogs to share Chinese culture in 2019.”
Until now, Boris has posted more than 40 Chinese culture vlogs online. But making these vlogs is not easy. Take reading the poem Second Farewell to Cambridge by Xu Zhimo as an example.
“I can understand and read every word in the poem,” Boris said. “But to touch readers, I need to use proper feelings while reading.” So he needed to look for much background information and make his feelings suit each part of the poem.
Though shooting these vlogs takes lots of time, the young man feels proud that his vlogs have inspired many people. Boris said that he wanted to continue bridging the differences between two cultures. “This goal may not be achieved easily, but I will spare no efforts to do my part.”
12. Through the vlogs, Boris mainly wants to ______. .
A. teach foreigners Chinese B. introduce a Chinese university
C. sell Chinese products D. share his experiences in China
13. Boris learned the Chinese word dongxi by _______. .
A. translating it as a whole B. knowing its cultural background
C. making up some sentences D. comparing it with similar words
14. What inspired Boris to shoot vlogs?
A. His hunger for new technology. B. His wish to show the real China.
C. His interest in Chinese culture. D. His dream to be a big vlogger.
15. The poem Second Farewell to Cambridge is mentioned to_______. .
A. meet the followers’ needs B. express Boris’s love for poems
C. show Boris’s efforts at vlog-making D. give an example of Chinese culture
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。中国传媒大学的一名外国留学生鲍里斯通过视频博客分享他在中国的经历，展示中国的文化。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段“Boris, a foreign student at Communication University of China, often shares his experiences of Chinese culture on his vlog (视频博客). (鲍里斯是中国传媒大学的一名外国留学生，他经常在自己的视频博客上分享他对中国文化的体验。)”可知，通过视频博客，鲍里斯主要想分享他在中国的经历。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三四句“And he introduced one theory (说法) about how dongxi came to mean “things”. He told people that all marketplaces in ancient Chinese cities were set up along a single road that ran from east to west. So when you would say qu mai dongxi, you’d be saying, “I’m going to buy things.” (他还介绍了“东西”一词的由来。他告诉人们，中国古代城市的所有市场都是沿着一条从东到西的单一道路建立的。所以当你说qu mai dongxi的时候，你会说，“我要去买东西。”)”可知，鲍里斯通过了解中国的文化背景，学会了“东西”这个词。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““Many of my followers are learning Chinese,” Boris said. “But sadly, they know little about Chinese culture and the country.” (“我的很多粉丝都在学中文，”鲍里斯说。“但遗憾的是，他们对中国文化和这个国家知之甚少。”)”以及第五段末句“Boris said. “That’s why I started to shoot vlogs to share Chinese culture in 2019.” (鲍里斯说。“这就是为什么我在2019年开始拍摄视频博客来分享中国文化。”)”可知，因为粉丝对中国文化和这个国家知之甚少，不了解真正的中国，所以鲍里斯开始拍摄视频博客来分享中国文化。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后两句“But making these vlogs is not easy. Take reading the poem Second Farewell to Cambridge by Xu Zhimo as an example. (但制作这些视频博客并不容易。以徐志摩的诗《再别康桥》为例。)”可知，徐志摩的诗《再别康桥》被提及是为了说明鲍里斯制作这些视频博客并不容易。故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Do you want to celebrate your birthday in space? It would be very different from what you might do on earth. For example, your birthday cake would be flying. The candles could not be lit because astronauts can not start a fire in the spaceship. _____16_____ Voices are almost the only things that are not changed by being weightless, which means that everything has almost no weight in space.
Some astronauts feel sick for the first few days in space. Some feel as if they have a cold all the time. That’s because without gravity(引力), the fluids(液体) in their bodies move towards their heads. Their faces look a little fatter. _____17_____.
And because gravity is not pressing on the spine(脊椎). The spine relaxes and stretches(舒展). _____18_____ But when they come back on earth, they turn to their regular height.
Since nothing has weight, astronauts can lift(举起) heavy objects easily. _____19_____ However, it is harder to stay still in space than to move around, so the astronauts always hold onto something or tie themselves to something. _____20_____
A. For the same reason, their waists(腰围)get smaller.
B. They can even lift each other.
C. There are pieces of Velcro to stick things in order to keep them from floating(漂浮) around.
D. Your friends could still sing Happy Birthday to You.
E. Astronauts grow one or two inches(英寸)in space.
F. In space, bone and muscles get weaker.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. E 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在太空庆祝生日和在地球上庆祝生日有什么不同。
【16题详解】
根据空后内容“Voices are almost the only things that are not changed by being weightless, which means that everything has almost no weight in space.(嗓音几乎是唯一不会因失重而改变的东西，这意味着在太空中几乎没有任何东西的重量。)”可知，嗓音是太空中唯一不会因失重而改变的。选项D“Your friends could still sing Happy Birthday to You.(你的朋友仍然可以唱“祝你生日快乐”。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是在太空中可以唱生日歌。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“That’s because without gravity(引力), the fluids(液体) in their bodies move towards their heads. Their faces look a little fatter.(这是因为在没有重力的情况下，他们体内的液体会流向头部。他们的脸看起来有点胖。)”可知，空前讲述的是由于没有重力，液体会流向头部。选项A“For the same reason, their waists(腰围)get smaller.(出于同样的原因，他们的腰围也变小了。)”符合上文内容，因为液体流向头部，脸看起来胖，相对应的，腰围变小了。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据空前内容“And because gravity is not pressing on the spine(脊椎). The spine relaxes and stretches(舒展).(因为重力没有压在脊椎上。脊柱放松和伸展。)”可知，在太空中，重力没有压在脊椎上，脊柱会放松和伸展。而空后内容“But when they come back on earth, they turn to their regular height.(但是当他们回到地球上时，他们会恢复到正常的高度。)”可知，空处指的是宇航员在太空中会高些。选项E“Astronauts grow one or two inches(英寸)in space.(航天员在太空中长高一到两英寸。)”符合上下文内容。故选E。
19题详解】
根据空前内容“Since nothing has weight, astronauts can lift(举起) heavy objects easily.(因为没有任何东西有重量，宇航员可以很容易地举起重物。)”可知，由于太空中没有重力，所以宇航员可以轻易举起重物。选项B“They can even lift each other.(他们甚至可以举起对方。)”与上文内容一致，指的是由于没有重力，宇航员甚至可以举起对方。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“However, it is harder to stay still in space than to move around, so the astronauts always hold onto something or tie themselves to something.(然而，在太空中保持静止比四处走动更难，所以宇航员总是抓住什么东西或把自己绑在什么东西上。)”可知，在太空中，东西很难保持静止。选项C“There are pieces of Velcro to stick things in order to keep them from floating(漂浮) around.(有几块魔术贴可以粘住东西，防止它们四处飘浮。)”是上文内容的延续，由于东西四处飘浮，所以宇航员用魔术贴粘住东西。故选C。
第二部分语言知识应用 (共两节, 满分25分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a sunny day yesterday. After a whole day’s work in my office, I walked home. On the busy street, I saw a young man _____21_____ some small toys around the corner. Usually, I would hurry past such sellers and never buy anything. But when I noticed he was _____22_____, I decided to stand there for some time. I wanted to see how he sold his toys.
Soon, a little girl came with her mother and wanted a toy that could _____23_____ a noise. Kids liked such toys because the noise sounded really funny.
The toy was 18 yuan. The mother _____24_____ out a 20-yuan note. She told the young man how much she was giving him and wanted the change(找零)_____25_____. I was wondering what he was going to do next. He told the mother to put the money in his bag and get the change _____26_____. Then she did so.
What the young man did shocked me. He chose to trust people even if he couldn’t see. He let me know believing in people is a _____27_____ thing. It brings us warmth and love. I was so touched that I made a decision to buy a toy although I didn’t need it at all. He said it _____28_____ 18 yuan and I told him that I had only one 20-yuan note. Again he told me to do the same thing as the mother. I put my 20 yuan in his bag, but I didn’t take any change.
As I walked down the street, I saw another little girl with her father and gave her the toy I bought. She looked at me in surprise and then thanked me _____29_____ I was happy to see the smile on her face.
The young man was a good example to us all. On my way home, I kept thinking the world would be a better place if we all could learn to trust people more, just like the young blind ______30______.
21. A. using B. buying C. selling D. washing
22 A. fat B. deaf C. short D. blind
23. A. hear B. make C. avoid D. mind
24. A. cut B. kept C. took D. worked
25. A. up B. out C. off D. back
26. A. itself B. herself C. myself D. yourself
27. A. beautiful B. bad C. silly D. direct
28. A. paid B. bought C. cost D. sold
29. A. politely B. unluckily C. simply D. angrily
30. A. girl B. father C. boy D. man
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在路边看到一位盲人卖玩具的故事。虽然他看不见,但他愿意选择相信他人，这让作者非常感动。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在繁忙的街道上，我看到一个年轻人在拐角处卖一些小玩具。A. using使用；B. buying买；C. selling卖；D. washing洗。根据“Usually, I would hurry past such sellers and never buy anything.”可知，年轻人正在卖东西。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我注意到他是盲人时，我决定在那里站一会儿。A. fat胖的；B. deaf聋的；C. short短的；D. blind瞎的。根据第四段“He chose to trust people even if he couldn’t see.”可知，这位卖玩具的年轻人是瞎的。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，一个小女孩和她的妈妈来了，她想要一个能发出声音的玩具。A. hear听到；B. make制造；C. avoid避免；D. mind介意。make a noise发出响声。根据“Kids liked such toys because the noise sounded really funny.”可知，小女孩要买的这种玩具能发出响声。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲拿出一张20元的钞票。A. cut砍；B. kept保存；C. took带走；D. worked工作。take out取出，拿出。根据“a 20-yuan note.”可知，孩子的母亲取出20元买这个玩具。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉年轻人她给了他多少钱，并想要回零钱。A. up向上；B. out外出；C. off离开；D. back回来。根据“The toy was 18 yuan.”可知，小女孩母亲拿出20元，玩具18元，所以需要找回零钱。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：他让那位母亲把钱放在他的包里，自己去找零。A. itself它自己；B. herself她自己；C. myself我自己；D. yourself你自己。根据“He told the mother to put the money in his bag and get the change”可知，年轻人让母亲自己找零钱。代指母亲自己，用反身代词herself。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他让我知道相信别人是一件美好的事情。A. beautiful美好的；B. bad坏的；C. silly傻的；D. direct直接的。根据“It brings us warmth and love.”可知，信任别人是一件美好的事情，给人带来温暖和爱。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说需要18元，我告诉他我只有一张20元的钞票。A. paid支付；B. bought买；C. cost花费；D. sold卖。根据“18 yuan and I told him that I had only one 20-yuan note.”可知，作者选的玩具需要花费18元。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她惊讶地看着我，然后礼貌地感谢我，我很高兴看到她脸上的微笑。A. politely礼貌地；B. unluckily不幸地；C. simply简单地；D. angrily生气。根据“As I walked down the street, I saw another little girl with her father and gave her the toy I bought.”可知，作者把玩具给小女孩，所以小女孩对作者表示礼貌地感谢。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我一直在想，如果我们都能像那个年轻的盲人一样，学会更加信任别人，这个世界将会变得更美好。A. girl女孩；B. father父亲；C. boy男孩；D. man男人。根据“On the busy street, I saw a young man _____1_____ some small toys around the corner.”可知，如果我们都像这个年轻的盲人小伙子，世界将变得更加美好。故选D。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The fastest driverless train is running on the first smart high-speed railway in the world. It _____31_____(call)Fuxing, running on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway. It connects Beijing and Zhangjiakou—the two host _____32_____(city)of the 2022 Winter Olympics.
The new high-speed railway was built along an old historic railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway. It was known _____33_____the first railway designed and built by Chinese people alone. It was completed in 1909 and was designed by Zhang Tianyou, the “Father of China’s Railway”.
The train on the railway is the first of its kind that is covered by China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统). The train runs between stations all by _____34_____(it). It starts and stops, opens and closes doors, as well as deals with what happens _____35_____(sudden). What’s more, the train can be repaired by robots. All the stations along the railway have different robots to work for passengers(乘客), like _____36_____(carry)luggage and giving directions.
There are 10 stations along the 174-kilometer railway. The train can run _____37_____(quick) , and the travel time between the two cities is cut down _____38_____over 3 hours to 47 minutes.
Now China has _____39_____(excellent)high-speed railway system in the world. From 35 to 350 kilometers per hour, the both old and young railway is a witness(见证者)to the rapid ______40______(develop)of China’s railway.
【答案】31. is called
32. cities 33. as
34. itself 35. suddenly
36. carrying
37. quickly
38. from 39. the most excellent
40. development
【解析】
【导语】本文的一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国第一条智能化自动驾驶的高速铁路——京张铁路，它同时也是全球第一条智能化自动驾驶的高速铁路。
【31题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：它被称为复兴号，运行在京张高速铁路上。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为it，单数，和动词call之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is called。
【32题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：它连接了北京和张家口这两个2022年冬奥会的主办城市。根据空前的“two”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填cities。
【33题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：它被称为中国人民独自设计和建造的第一条铁路。固定搭配：be known as，意为“被……称作”。故填as。
【34题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这列火车在车站之间自动运行。固定搭配：by oneself，意为：自发地、自动地。故填itself。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：它启动和停止，打开和关闭门，以及处理突然发生的事情。修饰动词happen用副词形式。故填suddenly。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：铁路沿线的所有车站都有不同的机器人为乘客工作，比如提行李和指路。介词之后用动词的ving形式担当宾语。故填carrying。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：高铁运行速度很快，两座城市之间的旅行时间从3个多小时缩短到47分钟。修饰动词run用副词。故填quickly。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：高铁运行速度很快，两座城市之间的旅行时间从3个多小时缩短到47分钟。短语：from…to…，意为“从……到……”。故填from。
【39题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：现在中国拥有世界上最优秀的高速铁路系统。根据in the world和句意可知，空处为最高级作定语，修饰名词短语high-speed railway system，故填the most excellent。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：从每小时35公里到350公里，这条老铁路和新铁路共同见证了中国铁路的快速发展。根据空前的rapid可知，空处为名词形式，作宾语，表示“发展”为不可数名词。故填development。
第三部分书面表达(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。
Why do Chinese people think getting a haircut in the first lunar month will harm their uncles?
In Chinese tradition, it is said that getting a haircut during the first lunar month would cause one’s mother’s brother to die. Although this is not true, some people still choose to avoid cutting their hair during this time. They wait until Dragon Head-Raising (龙抬头), the second day of the second lunar month, to line up outside barber shops (理发店).
Nobody knows why haircuts have anything to do with one’s uncles. One popular theory (理论) says the tradition might have started during the early years of the Qing Dynasty (清朝). At the time, as new rulers, the Manchu people forced the Han people to cut their hair in the Manchu style. Many Han people refused to do it. They decided not to cut their hair during the first lunar month, saying it was to “commemorate the former dynasty”, or in Chinese, “思旧”. Since “思旧” sounds very similar to “dead uncle”, there may have been a misunderstanding and thus the “no haircut” tradition.
Ancient Chinese people thought that the human body, including one’s skin and hair, was something that was naturally given by one’s parents and should not be changed. Therefore, they cherished their hair very much and considered cutting hair to be a great insult (侮辱) to one’s parents.
But this doesn’t mean they never took care of their hair. They would wash, comb and trim (修整) their hair regularly.
41. Why do many Chinese people avoid cutting their hair during the first lunar month?
___________________________________________________________
42. According to one popular theory, when did the “no haircut” tradition start?
___________________________________________________________
43. Many people refused to cut their hair and used the first lunar month to .
___________________________________________________________
44. What did ancient Chinese people think of their skin and hair?
___________________________________________________________
45. How did ancient Chinese people take care of their hair?
___________________________________________________________
【答案】41. Because it is said that getting a haircut during the first lunar month would cause one’s uncles to die.
42. During the early years of the Qing Dynasty.
43. commemorate the former dynasty.
44. It was something that was naturally given by one’s parents and should not be changed.
45. They would wash, comb and trim their hair regularly./By washing, combing and trimming their hair regularly.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国人正月里不剪头发的由来。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“In Chinese tradition, it is said that getting a haircut during the first lunar month would cause one’s mother’s brother to die.(在中国传统中，据说在农历正月理发会导致母亲的兄弟死亡)”可知，许多中国人在正月里不理发的原因是：据说正月里面理发会导致舅舅死亡，故答案为：Because it is said that getting a haircut during the first lunar month would cause one’s uncles to die.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“One popular theory (理论) says the tradition might have started during the early years of the Qing Dynasty(一种流行的理论认为，这一传统可能始于清朝初年)”可知，正月里不剪头发的传统始于清朝初年，故答案为：During the early years of the Qing Dynasty.
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Many Han people refused to do it. They decided not to cut their hair during the first lunar month, saying it was to “commemorate the former dynasty”(许多汉族人拒绝这样做。他们决定在农历正月不理发，说这是为了“纪念前朝”)”可知，许多人拒绝理发，并利用农历正月来纪念前朝，故答案为：commemorate the former dynasty.
【44题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Ancient Chinese people thought that the human body, including one’s skin and hair, was something that was naturally given by one’s parents and should not be changed.( 古代中国人认为，人的身体，包括皮肤和头发，是生来父母赋予的，不应该改变)”可知，古代中国人认为人的身体，包括皮肤和头发，是父母自然赋予的，不应该改变，故答案为：It was something that was naturally given by one’s parents and should not be changed.
【45题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“They would wash, comb and trim their hair regularly.(他们会定期清洗、梳理和修剪头发)”可知，中国古人会定期清洗、梳理和修剪头发，故答案为：They would wash, comb and trim their hair regularly./By washing, combing and trimming their hair regularly.
第二节写作(满分20分)
46. 假如你是李华，你所在的学校社团将举行一场交流分享会，主题是“如何准备听说考试”(How to Prepare for the Listening and Speaking Test)。请你用英文给你的交换生Peter写一封邮件，邀请他参加，告诉他具体的时间、地点和主题，并建议他做一些准备。
要求：1.包括所有要点提示，并适当补充，语句通顺，意思连贯；
2.词数：100词左右；开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3文中不得出现个人真实姓名和校名；
4.书写正规，卷面整洁，有卷面分。
Dear Peter,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing to invite you to come to our sharing meeting.
It will be held from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. next Monday in a dining hall in our school. On the topic How to Prepare for the Listening and Speaking Test, we are going to discuss the preparation for listening and speaking test and how to practice listening and speaking.
If you would like to come, you can take a notebook to take notes. And you can also share your own opinion with us.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生给交换生Peter写信邀请他来参加学校社团举行一场主题是“如何准备听说考试”的交流分享会。
【详解】1.词汇积累
食堂：dining hall → canteen
主题：topic→ theme/subject
想要：would like to → want/intend
观点：opinion→ idea/point of view
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On the topic How to Prepare for the Listening and Speaking Test, we are going to discuss the preparation for listening and speaking test and how to practice listening and speaking.
拓展句：On the topic How to Prepare for the Listening and Speaking Test, we are going to discuss the preparation for listening and speaking test and how we can practice listening and speaking.
【点睛】【高分句型1】On the topic How to Prepare for the Listening and Speaking Test, we are going to discuss the preparation for listening and speaking test and how to practice listening and speaking.（运用了疑问词加不定式担当宾语）
【高分句型2】If you would like to come, you can take a notebook to take notes.（运用了if引导的时间状语从句）