专题02 阅读理解（说明文）2023年高考英语三模试题分项汇编（全国通用） （解析版）

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专题02 阅读理解（说明文）
(解析版)



目录
1. 2023届安徽省皖豫名校联盟第三次联考试题
2. 2023届甘肃省武威市凉州区三模诊断试题
3. 2023届广西壮族自治区贵港市三模试题
4. 2023届广西壮族自治区河池市三模试题
5. 2023届河南省开封市三模试题
6. 2023届河南省新乡市高三三模试题
7. 2023届广西高中毕业班第三次联合调研试题
8. 2023届吉林省白山市高三三模英语试题
9. 2023届江西省景德镇市高三三模试题
10. 2023届内蒙古赤峰市八校高三试题
11. 2023届陕西省安康市高三三模试题
12. 2023届陕西省咸阳市高三三模试题
13. 2023届陕西省榆林市高三三模试题
14. 2023届四川省成都市第三次诊断试题
15. 2023届四川省大数据精准教学联盟三联试题
16. 2023届四川省德阳市高三三诊试题
17. 2023届安徽省皖南八校高三三联试题
18. 2023届新疆维乌鲁木齐市三模试题
19. 2023届浙江省温州市高三三模试题
20. 山东省聊城市2023年高三三检试题


1.【2023届安徽省皖豫名校联盟第三次联考试题】
Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text. The free tool has been around for just five weeks but is already raising tough questions about the future of AI in education, the tech industry and a host of professions.
ChatGPT was launched on Nov. 30 and is part of a new generation of AI systems that can chat, generate readable text on demand and even produce novel images and video based on what they’ve learned from a vast database of digital books, online writings and other media. But unlike previous models of so-called “large language models”, such as Open AI’s GPT-3, launched in 2020, the ChatGPT tool is available to anyone with an Internet connection for free and designed to be more user-friendly. It works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions.
Millions of people have played with it over the past month, using it to write silly poems or songs, trying to trick it into making mistakes, or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email.
As with similar systems, ChatGPT can generate convincing prose, but that doesn't mean what it says is factual or logical. Its launch came with little guidance on how to use it, other than a promise that ChatGPT will admit when it's wrong.
Many school districts are still struggling to figure out how to set policies on whether and how it can be used. “While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success,” said a school’s spokesperson Jenna Lyle from NYC． But there's no stopping a student from accessing ChatGPT from a personal phone or computer at home.
32．What can we learn about the term paper from paragraph 1?
A．It is a result of the improvement of education. B．It can be rated as passing by schoolteachers.
C．It has caught the attention of the public. D．It acts as a model for students to follow.
33．What makes Chat GPT different from GPT-3?
A．ChatGPT can create text. B．ChatGPT can edit digital books.
C．ChatGPT is free of charge to all. D．ChatGPT can ask its users questions.
34．What is Jenna's attitude towards students’ use of Chat GPT?
A．Favourable. B．Tolerant. C．Uncaring. D．Disapproving.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．How Are Schools Handling Chat GPT?
B．You Can Check When ChatGPT’s Telling the Truth
C．What Is ChatGPT and Why Are Schools Blocking It?
D．Students Are Using ChatGPT to Do Their Homework
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。ChatGPT是最近推出的新一代人工智能系统，功能强大，但是美国纽约市的一些学校决定在学校设备和网络上限制ChatGPT，因为学生可能使用它作弊。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文，甚至可以通过学校考试)”可知，学期论文可以被学校老师评为及格。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段的 But unlike previous models of so-called“large language models”, such as Open AI’s GPT-3, launched in 2020, the ChatGPT tool is available to anyone with an Internet connection for free and designed to be more user-friendly.(但与之前所谓的“大型语言模型”不同，比如Open AI在2020年推出的GPT-3, ChatGPT工具对任何有互联网连接的人都是免费的，而且设计得更加用户友好)”可知，ChatGPT与GPT-3的不同之处在于ChatGPT面向任何人都是免费的。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions, it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success(虽然这个工具可能能够提供快速而简单的问题答案，但它并不能培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力，而这对学术和终身成功至关重要)”可推断，Jenna对学生使用ChatGPT持否定态度。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds that has even be enable to pass school exams. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文，甚至可以通过学校考试。这就是为什么纽约市的学校官员本周开始封锁这个令人印象深刻但有争议的写作工具的原因之一，这个工具可以生成类似人类的文本段落)”结合文章说明了ChatGPT是最近推出的新一代人工智能系统，功能强大，但是美国纽约市的一些学校决定在学校设备和网络上限制ChatGPT，因为学生可能使用它作弊。故C选项“什么是ChatGPT，为什么学校要屏蔽它？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

2.【2023届甘肃省武威市凉州区三模诊断试题】
Hundreds of little robots are rolling around colleges and cities in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. The robots, about 50 centimeters tall, are bringing food like pizza to hungry students.
The Starship robots were being tested in limited numbers before the pandemic started. But pandemic-related worker shortages and a desire for contactless delivery have expanded their use. “We saw demand for robot usage just go through the ceiling,” said Alastair. He is the head of Starship Technologies，whose robots recently made their 2 millionth delivery. “I think demand was always there, but it was brought forward by the pandemic effect.”
The Starship robots use cameras, sensors and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour. Operators keep watch on several robots at a time but they say they rarely need to stop or move them around a barrier. When a robot arrives, people enter a code from their phones to open the robot and get their food.
There are some limitations for now. The Starship robots have to be recharged regularly. They are slow and cannot travel far. They cannot leave food at the door. And big cities like New York and London are not welcoming them.
Maloney is the vice president at Domino’s Pizza. His company is testing robots from Nuro, a California-based company. The Nuro robots are about 1.8 meters tall and can travel at a top speed of 40 kilometers on streets, not sidewalks. Maloney said Nuro delivery costs more than using human drivers for now. But as the technology gets more popular, the costs will go down.
Witcher is a technology expert with Forrester. He said it is easy to get excited about robots. But they will need to prove to companies they are better than human delivery drivers. It is “the right time and place for companies considering robots to test them and learn from them and do their own evaluation.”
8．What does the underlined phrase “go through the ceiling” in par graph 2 mean?
A．Stay steady. B．Change quickly.
C．Increase rapidly. D．Decline gradually.
9．What can we learn about the Starship robots?
A．They are popular in large cities.
B．They can cross streets on their own.
C．They should be recharged frequently.
D．They travel at a speed of 18 km per hour.
10．What does Maloney think of Nuro delivery?
A．It is cheap. B．It is promising.
C．It isn’t fast enough. D．It isn’t worth testing.
11．Which statement will Witcher probably agree with?
A．Robots should be tested and evaluated.
B．Robots should be applied in villages soon.
C．Robots should be put into massive production.
D．Robots are less popular because of the pandemic.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Starship机器人的相关情况。
8．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“But pandemic-related worker shortages and a desire for contactless delivery have expanded their use. “We saw demand for robot usage just go through the ceiling,” said Alastair.(但与大流行相关的工人短缺和对非接触式递送的渴望扩大了它们的使用范围。阿拉斯泰尔说:“我们看到使用机器人的需求已经突破了天花板。)”可知，看到使用机器人的需求go through the ceiling，根据前面的expanded their use可知，扩大了机器人的使用范围，机器人的使用范围越广，说明对机器人的需求越大。A. Stay steady.保持稳定；B. Change quickly. 迅速改变；C. Increase rapidly.迅速增加；D. Decline gradually.逐渐下降。go through the ceiling表示“达到天花板”，说明是迅速增加，与C项含义相近。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Starship robots use cameras, sensors and GPS to move around and even cross streets on their own at the speed of 8 kilometers per hour.(Starship机器人使用摄像头、传感器和GPS来移动，甚至以每小时8公里的速度自己过马路。)”可知，Starship机器人可以以每小时8公里的速度自己过马路，故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“His company is testing robots from Nuro, a California-based company.(他的公司正在测试加州Nuro公司的机器人。)”以及“Maloney said Nuro delivery costs more than using human drivers for now. But as the technology gets more popular, the costs will go down.(马洛尼表示，目前Nuro的送货成本比使用人类司机要高。但随着这项技术的普及，成本将会下降。)”可知，Maloney认为，虽然Nuro的送货成本现在比使用人类司机要高，但随着技术的普及，成本会下降。由此可推之，Maloney觉得Nuro很有前景。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is “the right time and place for companies considering robots to test them and learn from them and do their own evaluation.”(“对于考虑使用机器人的公司来说，现在是测试它们、向它们学习并进行自己评估的合适时机和地点。”)”可知，Witcher认为现在是测试和评估机器人的合适时机。故选A项。

3.【2023届广西壮族自治区贵港市三模试题】
Think of the last time you disagreed with another person. Maybe you argued with your brother over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grownups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables. How did your disagreement end? Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint?
In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. In fact, many people look on them as opportunities to learn. They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from.
How can you understand both sides of an issue? Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. Questions help us learn about the world around us. The right questions can also help us learn about other people. In a disagreement, asking for more information can help you learn about a person’s viewpoint. Therefore, we might as well see something from the perspective (视角) of others.
When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. Remember, facts are based on true information. Opinions can change from person to person. Paying attention to facts can stop prejudice from taking over in a disagreement. This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue.
Maybe you’ re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of ‘an issue, anyway. After all, don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right? Often, that’s true. However, understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together.
Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. The next time you disagree with other people, try asking them questions about their viewpoint. You will surely learn a lot from doing so.
8．What does the underlined word “so” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A．Ignoring chances to learn. B．Knowing more about themselves.
C．Shaping a right way to see the world. D．Making the disagreements a chance to learn.
9．According to the passage, how can we solve a disagreement?
A．By changing the other’s opinion. B．By trying to stand in others’ shoes.
C．By making both sides comfortable. D．By telling facts and opinions apart.
10．How does the author support his view?
A．By reasoning. B．By making comparison.
C．By listing data. D．By raising questions.
11．What’s the the best title of the passage?
A．Disagreements Are Unavoidable. B．We Should Avoid Disagreements.
C．Let Disagreements Function Well. D．Disagreements Lead to Bad Result.
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了生活中分歧是不可避免的，要学会理解对方，站在对方的角度考虑问题才能解决分歧。
8．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“In many situations, disagreements are unavoidable. They’re part of life. In fact, many people look on them as opportunities to learn. (在许多情况下，分歧是不可避免的。它们是生活的一部分。事实上，许多人将它们视为学习的机会。)”可知，划线词所在的句意为“他们这样做事因为试图了解双方的立场。”，so指上文提到的“把分歧当做学习的机会”的做法。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“How did your disagreement end? Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint? (你们的分歧是如何结束的？你能从对方的角度看问题吗？)”及最后一段中“Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. (分歧起初可能会让人感到不舒服。然而，当双方真正试图相互理解时，他们往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多。)”可知，想要解决分歧，双方都要真正的去理解对方，站在对方的立场上想问题。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“How can you understand both sides of an issue? Often, it’s best to start by asking questions. (你如何理解问题的两面？通常，最好从提问开始。)”及第四段中“When seeking to understand both sides of an issue, it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions. (在寻求了解问题的双方时，重要的是要了解事实和观点之间的区别。)”以及最后一段中“Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first. However, when both sides truly try to understand each other, they often find they have more in common than they thought. (分歧起初可能会让人感到不舒服。然而，当双方真正试图相互理解时，他们往往会发现他们的共同点比他们想象的要多。)”可知，作者认为要想解决分歧，首先从问问题开始，问题具有两面性，通过一步步的讲解推理，认为解决分歧必须去了解对方，站在对方的角度考虑问题。因此，作者通过推理来支持他的观点，故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。该篇文章主要讲了当人们在处理分歧时，应该如何看待和处理它们，通过试图了解双方的观点和分辨事实和观点来寻求解决的方法，因为这可以帮助人们更有效地探索可能的解决方案，并且更有可能使双方的利益得到满足。因此，“让分歧得到很好的运用”描述了文章的主题。故选C项。

4.【2023届广西壮族自治区河池市三模试题】
Seagrass meadows(海草床) are wonder plants growing beneath the sea. They feed and shelter sea life and are masterful at storing carbon. Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, a huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered, offering the world a tool to fight climate change.
Seagrass has usually been detected by Earth-orbiting satellites that identify darker patches in the blue water. In this study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their highly consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems. They spend 70% of their time in seagrass meadows. The team equipped eight tiger sharks with satellite tags (电子跟踪器), seven sharks with camera tags, and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
The data researchers collected was astonishing. The world’s largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, has been discovered. This reflects a 41% increase from previous estimates of global seagrass. Seagrass can capture (捕获) huge quantities of carbon by photosynthesis (光合作用) and stores it on the seafloor. In terms of climate change, this is excellent news; seagrass is 35 times faster a removing carbon than tropical rainforests. When referred to global seagrass carbon stock estimates, the study indicates that seagrass in the Bahamas may contain 19.2% to 26.3% of all the carbon stored in seagrass meadows on Earth.
Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing, with over 92% of meadows in the UK gone, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration projects. This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas, which we now know is likely the most significant blue carbon sink(蓝色碳汇) on the planet. What this discovery shows us is that ocean exploration and research are essential for a healthy future. The untapped potential of the ocean is limitless. These meadows can be protected and can be replicated (复制,仿制), offering hope for climate change around the globe.
12．Why were tiger sharks chosen as research tools?
A．They are more flexible than other sea animals.
B．They can quickly adjust themselves to the deep sea.
C．They have a strong connection with seagrass ecosystems.
D．They can be easily equipped with experimental devices.
13．What are the numbers in paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The decline of global seagrass meadows.
B．The impact of climate change on sea life.
C．The rapid increase in the amount of carbon on Earth.
D．The potential value of the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem.
14．What are scientists doing to protect seagrass?
A．Planting more seagrass meadows.
B．Developing new technology to collect seeds.
C．Mapping the distribution of seagrass meadows.
D．Encouraging people to join in restoration projects.
15．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．The New Way of Removing Carbon
B．The Significance of Ocean Exploration
C．A New Discovery: World’s Largest Seagrass Meadow
D．Tiger Sharks: Scientists’ Essential Helper to Study Climate
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海草生态系统可以捕获光合作用产生的大量碳并将其储存在海底，为全球气候变化带来希望。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“In this study, tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their highly consistent associations with seagrass ecosystems.( 在这项研究中，虎鲨被选为研究工具，因为它们与海草生态系统的联系非常一致)”可知，虎鲨被选为研究工具的原因是它们与海草生态系统有着密切的联系，故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“The data researchers collected was astonishing. The world’s largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, has been discovered(研究人员收集的数据令人震惊。世界上最大的海草生态系统已被发现，面积至少为66900平方公里)”以及“When referred to global seagrass carbon stock estimates, the study indicates that seagrass in the Bahamas may contain 19.2% to 26.3% of all the carbon stored in seagrass meadows on Earth.(当提到全球海草碳储量估计时，该研究表明，巴哈马的海草可能含有地球上海草草甸中所有碳储量的19.2%至26.3%)”可知，第三段提到的数字是关于世界上最大的海草生态系统的潜在价值，故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration projects.(科学家们正在收集种子，并试图通过恢复项目种植新的海草草地)”可知，科学家们打算种植更多的海草草地以保护海草，故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks, a huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered, offering the world a tool to fight climate change.(在虎鲨的帮助下，最近在巴哈马群岛发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具)”、第三段第一句“The data researchers collected was astonishing. The world’s largest seagrass ecosystem, measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers, has been discovered.(研究人员收集的数据令人震惊。世界上最大的海草生态系统已经被发现，面积至少为66900平方公里)”以及最后一段“What this discovery shows us is that ocean exploration and research are essential for a healthy future.(这一发现向我们表明，海洋探索和研究对健康的未来至关重要)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项发现：世界上最大的海草生态系统，故选C项。

5.【2023届河南省开封市三模试题】
Recently, a big change quietly took place in agriculture. Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses. Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors, using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture, a method that has the potential to help feed the planet, even while it threatens to further warm it.
Controlled environment agriculture has many advantages. Crops are not subject to unexpected extreme weather. Furthermore, these greenhouses can produce more food with fewer pesticides and less water. With computer-controlled temperatures and nutrients, the plants grow with less water and produce much higher yields. Above all, the produce can be bred for flavor, instead of for tolerance to heat, rain and long-distance transportation.
The carbon footprint of any given greenhouse tomato can vary quite a bit depending on energy sources, surrounding temperatures and natural light. But various studies have estimated that, on average, the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. That is about 6 times the caron footprint of a field tomato, even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers. Greenhouses, by contrast, can be built near major population centers.
Nevertheless, in a rapidly warming world, should we be increasing agriculture’s contribution by moving some of it indoors? “We have little choice,” say advocates. “With the global population expected to grow by 25 percent to nearly 10 billion people by 2050,food production will need to increase by 60 percent to 100 percent. With freshwater supplies and land suitable for farming decreasing, and droughts getting worse due to climate change, where will this additional food come from?”
12．What does the underlined part “a big change” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．The rapid increase of population.
B．The threatens of warming the planet.
C．The way to deal with natural disasters.
D．The tendency to grow vegetables indoors.
13．What does controlled environment agriculture mainly focus on?
A．Making crops taste good.
B．Planting crops with less water.
C．Growing crops in extreme weather.
D．Transporting crops from a long distance.
14．What do we know about American greenhouse tomatoes?
A．They are not high-yielding crops.
B．They are not really environmentally friendly.
C．They are grown far from population centers.
D．They are mainly exported to norther Europe.
15．Which of the following statements may the advocates agree with?
A．Greenhouse planting is a necessary temporizing measure.
B．Greenhouse planting is tailored for small-population nations.
C．Greenhouse planting can help spread the idea of healthy eating.
D．Greenhouse planting should be stopped from warming the world.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的农业种植方式——控制环境农业方式，该方法有可能帮助养活地球上的人们，尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。
12．词义猜测题。根据划线词组下文“Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses. Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors, using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture, a method that has the potential to help feed the planet, even while it threatens to further warm it.(然而，对于目前在大型温室里种植的植物的种植者来说，干旱和霜冻从来都不是问题。越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜，使用一种被称为控制环境农业的先进种植方式，这种方法有可能帮助养活地球，尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。)”可知，作者所谓的农业发生了重大变化，指的是越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Above all, the produce can be bred for flavor, instead of for tolerance to heat, rain and long-distance transportation.(最重要的是，培育这种农产品是为了风味，而不是为了耐热、耐雨和长途运输。)”可知，这种种植方式的焦点是为了农产品的风味，也就是为了让这些农产品尝起来更好。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But various studies have estimated that, on average, the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. That is about 6 times the carbon footprint of a field tomato, even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers.(但各种研究估计，在美国或北欧的温室中，平均每生产一磅西红柿，就会向大气中释放3到3.5磅的碳。这大约是田间番茄碳足迹的6倍，甚至考虑到经常将田间蔬菜运输数百甚至数千英里到达消费者手中的冷藏车的排放量。)”可知，在温室培育西红柿所排放的碳要远比在田间培育西红柿多得多，也就是说它们根本不环保。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, in a rapidly warming world, should we be increasing agriculture’s contribution by moving some of it indoors? “We have little choice,” say advocates. “With the global population expected to grow by 25 percent to nearly 10 billion people by 2050,food production will need to increase by 60 percent to 100 percent. With freshwater supplies and land suitable for farming decreasing, and droughts getting worse due to climate change, where will this additional food come from?”(然而，在一个迅速变暖的世界里，我们是否应该通过将一些农业转移到室内来增加农业的贡献？“我们别无选择，”支持者说。“到2050年，全球人口预计将增长25%，达到近100亿人，粮食产量将需要增加60%到100%。随着淡水供应和适合耕种的土地减少，以及气候变化导致的干旱日益严重，这些额外的食物从哪里来？”)”可知，支持这种种植方式的人认为，即便这种种植方式会排放温室气体，但是为了地球上的人们，这种种植方式是必要的权宜之计。故选A。

6.【2023届河南省新乡市高三三模试题】
March 3 is World Wildlife Day, an opportunity to celebrate the wonderful diversity of plants and animals on earth. This day also marks the 50th anniversary of an international agreement between governments to ensure the trading of wild animals and plants—which is estimated to be worth billions of US dollars globally—doesn’t threaten species’ survival.
The voluntary deal, called the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES), provides varying degrees of protection to more than 37,000 species globally. The text of the convention was agreed at a meeting on March 3,1973 and it came into force in 1975. It provides a framework for 184 participants to ensure sustain-able trading of wild species for products such as food, fur and medicines.
“Without CITES, we’d lack a vital mechanism to turn off the ever-flowing and sorrowful deal of species driven by market demand,” said Abigail Entwistle at conservation charity in a press release.
The mountain gorilla is one species benefiting from a total trade ban under CITES in partner ship with this charity. Since this began, the population size has risen fourfold to more than 1,000 individuals. The pygmy hippos(侏儒河马)are also protected by CITES. They are found in the forests and swamps of West Africa, with most living in Liberia. Recently, conservationists have confirmed that pygmy hippos have a wider distribution than previously thought.
Grenadines pink rhino iguana(犀牛鬣蜥)is a striking species, which is threatened by hunting, because it still lacks CITES protection. Since 2016, the charity has been working with local and international partners to protect this species. The important point is that it works. The charity says“a CITES listing would be the logical next step”to better protect its survival.
32．What is the purpose of the international agreement?
A．To earn profits for humans.
B．To ensure the diversity of wildlife.
C．To lower the trade barrier between countries.
D．To keep a balance between trade and species’ survival.
33．What does Abigail Entwistle say about CITES?
A．It reveals reasons for species declining.
B．It shows mechanism of conservation charity.
C．It contributes to species conservation on earth.
D．It drives people to research on species’ survival.
34．How does the author show the significance of CITES?
A．By providing examples. B．By making a summary.
C．By drawing comparisons. D．By explaining a concept.
35．What is the author’s attitude to the protection of Grenadines pink rhino iguana?
A．Optimistic. B．Objective.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【答案】32．D 33．C 34．A 35．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)在保护地球物种上发挥着重要作用。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This day also marks the 50th anniversary of an international agreement between governments to ensure the trading of wild animals and plants—which is estimated to be worth billions of US dollars globally—doesn’t threaten species’ survival.(这一天也是各国政府签署一项国际协议50周年纪念日，该协议旨在确保野生动植物贸易不会威胁到物种的生存。据估计，全球野生动植物贸易价值数十亿美元)”可知，这个协议的目的是平衡贸易活动和物种生存。故选D项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段““Without CITES, we ’d lack a vital mechanism to turn off the ever-flowing and sorrowful deal of species driven by market demand,”(“如果没有《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》，我们就缺乏一个重要的机制来阻止市场需求驱动下不断流动的、令人悲伤的物种交易，”)”可知，CITES对保护地球上的物种有巨大贡献。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“The mountain gorilla is one species benefiting from a total trade ban under CITES in partnership with this charity. Since this began, the population size has risen fourfold to more than 1，000 individuals. The pygmy hippos(侏儒河马)are also protected by CITES. They are found in the forests and swamps of West Africa, with most living in Liberia. Recently, conservationists have confirmed that pygmy hippos have a wider distribution than previously thought.(根据CITES与该慈善机构的合作，山地大猩猩是受益于全面贸易禁令的一个物种。从那时起，种群数量增加了四倍，达到1000多只。侏儒河马也受《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》保护。它们生活在西非的森林和沼泽中，大多数生活在利比里亚。最近，自然资源保护主义者已经证实，侏儒河马的分布比以前想象的要广泛)”可知，mountain gorilla和pygmy hippos受到CITES保护，生存情况有了明显改善，所以作者通过举例来说明CITES的重要性。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 2016, the charity has been working with local and international partners to protect this species. The important point is that it works.(自2016年以来，该慈善机构一直与当地和国际合作伙伴合作保护这一物种。重要的是它是有效的)”可知，作者对于Grenadines pink rhino iguana的保护问题持乐观态度。故选A项。

7.【2023届广西高中毕业班第三次联合调研试题】
Humans have two different ages. There is chronological age(时序年龄), which measures how much time a person has spent on Earth, and then there is biological age, referring to how old a person seems. Many lifestyle factors like diet, exercise and psychological state can impact someone’s biological age.
A new study from Deep Longevity, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Stanford University found that feelings that cause poor mental health like sadness, loneliness and general unhappiness add an extra 1.65 years to a person’s biological age. Meanwhile, smoking can add up to 1.25 years and suffering from restless sleep can add 0.44 years to a person’s biological age, according to the study.
As part of the study, researchers said they came up with a new “aging clock” based on data from 4,846 Chinese adults in 2015 as part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
The data included 16 blood biomarkers like cholesterol and glucose levels as well as other health information like blood pressure, body mass index, lung function and sex.
Researchers compared the chronological age of CHARLS participants with the ages predicted by their new “aging clock.“ The results found that the new age was roughly 5.6 years older than the CHARLS participants’ actual ages. The team also found that smokers and those with a history of stroke, liver or lung disease were predicted to be older than the remaining 4,451 healthy adults in the cohort.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are,” said Professor David Sinclair, co-director of the Paul F.Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Harvard Medical School. We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, and how much we exercise. Biological age is what determines our health and ultimately our lifespan. Biological age is a number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our cake than the previous one.“
8．Which of the following has the biggest negative effect on our biological age?
A．Smoking. B．Poor sleep. C．Being married. D．Feeling lonely.
9．What’s Professor David Sinclair’s attitude to the future of human’s biological age?
A．Concerned. B．Indifferent. C．Optimistic. D．Ambiguous.
10．Where can the text be found?
A．In a novel. B．In a health magazine.
C．In a biography. D．In a travel brochure.
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．What Decides a Person’s Chronological Age.
B．What Adds Years to a Person’s Biological Age.
C．Chronological Age-How Old Are You Really?
D．Biological Age-You May Be Older than You Are.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是我们人类有两个年龄，而生理年龄可能会因为我们的基因、饮食、运动量以及所处的环境不同，生理年龄有可能落后于或者超过实际年龄。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“A new study from Deep Longevity, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Stanford University found that feelings that cause poor mental health like sadness, loneliness and general unhappiness add an extra 1.65 years to a person’s biological age. Meanwhile, smoking can add up to 1.25 years and suffering from restless sleep can add 0.44 years to a person’s biological age, according to the study.(Deep Longevity，香港中文大学和斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，导致悲伤，孤独和普遍不快乐等心理健康状况不佳的感觉会使一个人的生理年龄增加1.65年。同时，根据这项研究，吸烟可以增加1.25年，而睡眠不安可以使一个人的生物年龄增加0.44年。)”中的数据可知，人们诸如悲伤，孤独，不快乐等心理方面的感受会使生理年龄比实际年龄增加的最多，为1.65年，由此可推断，孤独对人的生理年龄影响最大。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据:尾段中的“In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our cake than the previous one.(未来，随着我们控制生物年龄能力的进步，我们蛋糕上的蜡烛可能比以前的蜡烛更少。)”可知，David Sinclair教授认为，在末来，随着人们对生理年龄控制能力的增加，人们的生理年龄可能会比上一年要小，由此可推断，David Sinclair教授对未来人类生理年龄的态度是乐观的。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As part of the study, researchers said they came up with a new “aging clock” based on data from 4,846 Chinese adults in 2015 as part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).(作为研究的一部分，研究人员表示，他们根据2015年4，846名中国成年人的数据提出了一种新的“衰老时钟”，作为中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）的一部分。)”以及全文讲述的人类生理年龄的问题可知，此文应出现在与健康杂志。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Many lifestyle factors like diet, exercise and psychological state can impact someone’s biological age.(许多生活方式因素，如饮食、运动和心理状态都会影响一个人的生理年龄。)”以及下文中对生理年龄影响的各因素分析和研究可知，本文主要介绍的内容是受各因素的影响，人类的生理年龄可能要比实际年龄大或小，结合选项可知，本文题目为“生理年龄，可能比实际年龄更大”符合文章主题。故选D项。

8.【2023届吉林省白山市高三三模英语试题】
An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study. The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested.
While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person’s 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted. Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline.
The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check. Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes. Fixed straight ahead. Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted.
The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men. Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup. Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died. The proportion (比例)of deaths among those who failed the test (17.5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4.5%).
The research was observational and didn’t reveal cause and effect. The study didn’t look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity.
The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure. Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test.
12．What did the participants take during the research?
A．Vision examinations. B．Medical examinations.
C．Flexibility tests. D．Balance tests.
13．How did the researchers get the findings?
A．By calculating the participant numbers.
B．By comparing the participants’ lifetime.
C．By identifying the participants’ diseases.
D．By monitoring the participants’ pressure.
14．What was the research’s shortcoming?
A．It had few participants.
B．It didn’t last very long.
C．It lacked in-depth study.
D．It was the first research on balance.
15．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Balance determines a person’s lifetime
B．The balance test should be promoted to people
C．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levels
D．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是篇说明文。研究表明，单脚站立的能力可以反映出中老年人的健康水平。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段“The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check.”（这项研究涉及了1702名生活在巴西的51岁至75岁的人，他们被要求在最初的检查中单腿保持平衡。）可知，参与者们在这项研究中做了平衡能力的测试。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died. The proportion（比例） of deaths among those who failed the test (17. 5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4. 5%).”（研究人员在最初的体检后对参与者进行了七年的监测，在此期间，7%的人死亡，未通过测试者(17.5%)的死亡率明显高于那些能够保持10秒平衡的人(4.5%)。）可知， 研究者们通过对比参与者们的寿命来得出了研究结论。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“The research was observational and didn’t reveal cause and effect. The study didn’t look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity.”（这项研究是观察性的，没有揭示因果关系，这项研究没有考察任何可能解释平衡能力差与长寿之间联系的生物学机制。）可知，这项研究欠缺深入的研究。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study. ”（根据一项新的研究，如果在晚年不能单腿站立10秒钟，那么在未来10年内因任何原因死亡的风险将增加近一倍。）和最后一段“The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure.”（研究指出，总体而言，未通过测试的人健康状况较差，患有肥胖症、心脏病和高血压的比例更高。）及全文内容可知，本文主要说明了单脚站立的能力可以反映出一个人的健康状况。故选C。

9.【2023届江西省景德镇市高三三模试题】
Technology usually distracts us from nature. But now technology is “offering us an opportunity to listen to nonhumans in powerful ways, reviving our connection to the natural world,” wrote professor Karen Bakker in her new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants.
All around the animal kingdom, there are sounds that we struggle to pick up and decipher. Elephants, for example, communicate with each other using infrasound (次声波), a sound frequency far below our human hearing range. Moreover, they even have their own ways to distinguish between threatening humans and non-threatening humans. Coral in the ocean also communicates with each other through sound waves, with one purpose being to attract baby coral to areas where it can successfully grow. This is a shocking fact as coral doesn’t have any ears! Scientists have placed listening devices in these environments to pick up sounds humans are normally unable to detect. After the sounds are recorded, AI is then able to determine their meaning, according to the news website Vox. There are now whole databases of whale songs and honeybee dances.
This technology can not only understand the animals, but also communicate back to them. For example, bees use dances to communicate to their peers where to go in search of nectar (花蜜). A research team in Germany, therefore, put the bee language AI database system into a robot bee, allowing the robot to create a dance routine that can tell the bees which direction to move, Vox reported. Whereas in the past language creation had been limited to mainly apes (类人猿), with there being many examples of chimpanzees(黑猩猩) having been taught sign language to communicate with humans, this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.
12．How does the fact strike us that animals can communicate in their own way?
A．It’s amazing and unbelievable B．It’s strange and ridiculous
C．It’s attractive and reasonable D．It’s terrible and shocking
13．Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 2?
A．Humans find it rather easy to interpret the sounds of animals.
B．Listening devices are placed so as to serve as ears for animals
C．Elephants are able to tell which humans are friendly to them.
D．Corals direct their babies to find food through sound waves.
14．What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．Bees use dances to search for their peers.
B．The robot bee is created to direct real bees.
C．Apes can communicate with humans naturally.
D．Language creation may be less limited in future.
15．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．AI changes our life in different ways B．AI lends us a chance to talk to animals
C．AI enables us to change nature greatly D．AI technology is a double-edged sword
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科技可以让我们和动物沟通，并列举了相关的例子。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“This is a shocking fact as coral doesn’t have any ears! (这是一个令人震惊的事实，因为珊瑚没有耳朵！)”可知，动物可以用自己的方式进行交流这太惊人且不可思议了。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Moreover, they even have their own ways to distinguish between threatening humans and non-threatening humans.(此外，它们甚至有自己的方法来区分有威胁的人和没有威胁的人)”可知，C选项“大象能分辨出哪些人对它们友好”正确。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whereas in the past language creation had been limited to mainly apes (类人猿), with there being many examples of chimpanzees(黑猩猩) having been taught sign language to communicate with humans, this new technology now allows humans to socialize with different animals throughout the animal kingdom.(在过去，语言的创造主要局限于类人猿，有很多黑猩猩被教授手语与人类交流的例子，而这项新技术现在允许人类与动物王国的不同动物进行社交)”可知，将来语言的创造可能会少一些限制。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Technology usually distracts us from nature. But now technology is “offering us an opportunity to listen to nonhumans in powerful ways, reviving our connection to the natural world,” wrote professor Karen Bakker in her new book, The Sounds of Life: How Digital Technology Is Bringing Us Closer to the Worlds of Animals and Plants.(科技常常使我们远离自然。但现在，科技“为我们提供了一个以强大的方式倾听非人类声音的机会，恢复了我们与自然世界的联系，”凯伦·巴克教授在她的新书《生命之声：数字技术如何让我们更接近动植物世界》中写道。)”结合文章主要说明了科技可以让我们和动物沟通，并列举了相关的例子。可知，B选项“人工智能使我们有机会与动物交谈”最符合文章标题。故选B。

10.【2023届内蒙古赤峰市八校高三试题】
A team of researchers at ETH Zurich has the perfect long-lasting solution to our fog problem. They have developed a very thin and gold-based transparent coating that can transform sunlight into heat, which can be applied to glass to prevent it from fogging.
The special coating is developed using titanium oxide (氧化钛) and gold particles. It selectively absorbs infrared (红外线的) radiations from the sunlight and creates a heating effect that is powerful enough to keep fog away from the surface of glass. The coating basically employs heat to stop fogging. The coating absorbs a large part of the infrared radiation, which causes it to heat up —by up to 8℃                   .
Previously, products like anti-fogging sprays create a very thin film of water on the surface to remove fog. The problem with such surfaces is pollution. Along with water, the sprays also soak up dirt, dust, oil, and various other dirty substances, and just a little dirt on the surface makes it useless. However, the new coating repels (排斥) water. Furthermore, the coating is significantly thinner, which makes it more transparent as well as flexible. It is heated passively and requires, during daytime, no additional energy source.
Gold might be expensive, but the researchers stress that their coating requires so little that the material costs remain low. Their coating is produced with standardized and readily scalable (可称量的) methods, all cost-effectively. However, although this product can work at very low levels of solar irradiation, it does rely on a certain amount of light.
The researchers will develop the coating further for other applications. In the process, they will examine whether other metals work just as well as gold. There is no need to fear, however, this would cause a car or a building to heat up more in the summer. The researchers have already filed a patent. Hopefully, this groundbreaking product will soon be available on the market.
12．How does the new coating work to remove fog?
A．By reflecting part of sunlight selectively.
B．By keeping cool air away from the object.
C．By creating a thin film of water on the surface.
D．By absorbing infrared radiations to heat the coating.
13．What does the underlined phrase “soak up” probably mean?
A．Attract. B．Sweep. C．Pile. D．Expand.
14．What is the limitation of the new coating?
A．It is considerably expensive.
B．It depends on sunlight to work.
C．It takes too much time to produce.
D．It is difficult to clean and maintain.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．A new product was created to prevent fog on glass.
B．A perfect solution to our fog problems was found.
C．Researchers found some applications of anti-fogging products.
D．Researchers have perfected anti-fogging sprays.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种很薄且透明的金属涂层可以更好的防止玻璃表面雾的产生。
12．细节理解题。根据“It selectively absorbs infrared (红外线的) radiations from the sunlight and creates a heating effect that is powerful enough to keep fog away from the surface of glass.（它可以选择性地吸收阳光的红外线，并可以产生足够的热效果来除去玻璃表面的雾）”可知，这种涂层可以选择性的吸收红外线并让这种涂层发热，这阻止了雾在玻璃上的形成。故选D项。
13．词义猜测题。根据上文“The problem with such surfaces is pollution.（这种表面的问题是污染）”以及下文“and just a little dirt on the surface makes it useless.（它表面有一点尘土就没用了）”可知，这种表层的问题是污染。这种喷雾器表层变脏之后就起不了作用了。说明这种喷雾器吸收了一些泥土、灰尘等脏东西，引起了污染。A项attract有吸引的意思。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据“However, although this product can work at very low levels of solar irradiation, it does rely on a certain amount of light.（然而，尽管这种产品可以在很低的紫外线里有效，但它需要一定的光线）”可知，这种涂层依赖一定的光线。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“They have developed a very thin and gold-based transparent coating that can transform sunlight into heat, which can be applied to glass to prevent it from fogging.（他们已经研发了一种很薄且透明的金属涂层，它可以把光转换成热量，这种涂层用来给玻璃除雾）”以及全文大意可知，文章主要在讲一种新的可以去除玻璃表面的雾的涂层。故选A项。

11.【2023届陕西省安康市高三三模试题】
Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, “while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a doctor, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Columbia University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
12．What is the main idea of this reading?
A．How to exercise.
B．How exercise helps the brain.
C．How to get good scores on a test.
D．How the brain can change.
13．According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A．Exercise helps make our blood vessels.
B．The brain needs special mental exercise.
C．The more exercise, the bigger the brain is.
D．Physical exercise helps us think better.
14．The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is .
A．three hours per week B．40 hours per week
C．three hours per day D．40 hours per month
15．Why is yoga recommended for seniors?
A．It is easy to remember. B．It can be done in groups.
C．It does not increase the heart rate. D．It includes learning new motions.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了运动如何帮助大脑。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. (医生们开始发现越来越多的信息表明运动和大脑发育之间存在联系。俄勒冈健康与科学大学的科学家朱迪·卡梅隆研究大脑发育。根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使血管(包括大脑中的血管)更强壮、更充分地发育。卡梅伦博士称，这可以让锻炼的人更好地集中精力。)和“while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.(虽然我们已经知道锻炼对心脏有好处，但锻炼确实会导致大脑的物理变化。)”可知，文章主要讲述了运动如何帮助大脑。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better(根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使血管(包括大脑中的血管)更强壮、更充分地发育。卡梅伦博士称，这可以让锻炼的人更好地集中精力。)”可知，体育锻炼有助于我们更好地思考。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.(你的大脑可以从每周两到三个小时的锻炼中受益。)”可知，要想获得任何益处，每周最少的运动量是三小时。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.( 学习一些新的技能或动作，比如瑜伽或太极，有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。)”可知，瑜伽是推荐给老年人的，因为它包括学习新的动作。故选D。

12.【2023届陕西省咸阳市高三三模试题】
If you have tried chatting with ChatGPT lately, you have probably been met with an “at capacity” error message at some point. The chatbot’s sudden huge popularity can make accessing the service pretty tricky. And while it’s fun to chat with the AI or even get it to write essays or take exams, some people want guaranteed access so they can use the chatbot for professional purposes.
Earlier this month, OpenAI announced that it may soon start offering a paid-for version of ChatGPT with an option called ChatGPT Professional. A waitlist that OpenAI posted to the server detailed what pro users might expect.
The professional offering, which OpenAI described as “experimental”, will be “always available,” offer “fast responses from ChatGPT,” and would provide “as many messages as you need.” The waitlist also noted that, if selected, OpenAI would reach out to you individually to set up a payment process and a pilot.
Now it seems like OpenAI has picked its early access users and they are sharing some insights. Zahid Khawaja, an early access user, shared a video on Twitter running a test prompt on the pro version that ran much quicker than the free version the rest of the public has access to. In the video, Khawaja showed his subscription cost, which comes in at $ 42 a month.
How OpenAI decided on $ 42 a month is yet to be revealed-perhaps it’s yet another Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy reference. However, in December Sam Altman, OpenAl’s chief executive said the average cost of each response was in “single-digits cents”, but he admitted it will need to charge the service eventually because of its “eye-watering“ compute costs. A recent agreement with Microsoft, which will see the software giant invest billions in OpenAI over the next few years, will also likely help.
Despite its popularity, ChatGPT isn’t the only AI chatbot on the market. The $ 42 a month price tag is causing some users to seek other alternatives that might be more cost effective and just as efficient.
12．What does the author think of having access to the service?
A．Not easy. B．Not good.
C．Not tough. D．Not slow.
13．Which of the following isn’t provided in the professional version of ChatGPT?
A．All-time availability.
B．Enough information.
C．Free subscription.
D．Faster response.
14．Why was the service charged in the end?
A．It is to be revealed next month.
B．It is customers’ requirements.
C．It needs Microsoft’s investment.
D．It needs very high running costs.
15．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．ChatGPT charges the lowest on the market.
B．ChatGPT will lose most of its access users.
C．ChatGPT may lose some targeted customers.
D．ChatGPT is more effective and efficient.
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍OpenAI宣布可能很快开始提供付费版本的ChatGPT人工智能聊天机器人。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“The chatbot’s sudden huge popularity can make accessing the service pretty tricky. (聊天机器人突然大受欢迎，这使得访问该服务变得相当棘手。)”可知，访问该服务不是那么容易。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“The professional offering, which OpenAI described as “experimental”, will be “always available,” offer “fast responses from ChatGPT,” and would provide “as many messages as you need.” (这项被OpenAI称为“实验性”的专业服务将“始终可用”，提供“来自ChatGPT的快速响应”，并将提供“您需要的任何信息”。)”可知，OpenAI提供“始终可用”，“来自ChatGPT的快速响应”，和“您需要的任何信息”等服务，没有免费订阅服务。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段“(然而，12月，OpenAl首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼表示，每次响应的平均成本为“个位数美分”，但他承认，由于其“令人垂涎”的计算成本，最终需要向该服务收费。)”可知，这项服务收费是因为它的高运行成本。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite its popularity, ChatGPT isn’t the only AI chatbot on the market. The $ 42 a month price tag is causing some users to seek other alternatives that might be more cost effective and just as efficient. (尽管ChatGPT很受欢迎，但它并不是市场上唯一的人工智能聊天机器人。每月42美元的价格标签导致一些用户寻求其他可能更具成本效益和效率的替代品。)”可知，ChatGPT将会失去一些用户。故选C。
13.【2023届陕西省榆林市高三三模试题】
A new technique using drones (无人机) to count lions in the wild has been tested in Uganda. The drones were used by scientists from The University of Queensland, Australia, to get a more accurate idea of lion populations. At the moment, it is thought that there are between 20,000 and 30,000 wild lions left in Africa. However, the team’s recent findings suggest that there are far fewer lions in the wild than experts previously thought.
Alexander Braczkowski, the lead researcher, spent a year monitoring and filming the big cats in Uganda’s Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area. In this part of Africa, the lions have a habit of spending time lying around in trees. Using a drone, Braczkowski was able to get close to each one and take high-quality photos of its whisker (胡须) pattern. This was useful because each lion’s whisker pattern is unique. The team could then differentiate individual lions using the photos and be sure they were not counting individuals twice. Braczkowski says this is much more accurate than the current counting methods.
One common way to count lions in an area is to estimate the number in one small part of that area, according to how many lion tracks that researchers find. This number is then multiplied to calculate an estimate for how many lions are in the larger area. However, Braczkowski says this is not  as reliable as the new way because lions are not evenly spread out in the wild and the number of lions varies from area to area. Another is to go out at night and play the sound of a distressed prey animal, such as an antelope, through a loudspeaker. The lions are counted as they emerge to find out what the noise is. The trouble with this method is that re-searchers might count the same lions twice in the dark or miss some, because not all of them might appear.
Braczkowski says people should start using the drone method for counting. Knowing for certain how many lions are in the wild will allow conservationists to know where the big cats are and how to protect them best.
12．What does the research show?
A．The new technique remains to be tested.
B．The lions in Africa are more than thought.
C．The authenticity of lion populations is challenged.
D．The previous research findings are thoroughly right.
13．What does the underlined word “differentiate” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Restrict. B．Defend.
C．Trick. D．Identify.
14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The usage of the new way.
B．The strengths of the new way.
C．The reliability of the common ways.
D．The inaccuracy of the common ways.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Testing wild lions’ calculating ability
B．Effective measures to protect wild lions
C．Using drones to count lions in the wild
D．Scientific ways to predict the number of wild lions
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是澳大利亚昆士兰大学的科学家使用无人机来更准确地了解狮子的数量。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“However, the team’s recent findings suggest that there are far fewer lions in the wild than experts previously thought.(然而，该团队最近的发现表明，野生狮子的数量远比专家们之前认为的要少。)”可知，研究表明狮子数量的真实性受到了挑战。故选C。
13．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Using a drone, Braczkowski was able to get close to each one and take high-quality photos of its whisker (胡须) pattern. This was useful because each lion’s whisker pattern is unique.(使用无人机，布拉兹科夫斯基能够接近每一个，并拍摄高质量的胡须图案照片。这很有用，因为每只狮子的胡须图案都是独一无二的。)”，因此划线词所在句子表示“然后，研究小组就可以通过照片来区分每只狮子，并确保他们不会重复计算每只狮子”，划线词differentiate的意思是“区分”，和identify意思相近，故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“However, Braczkowski says this is not   as reliable as the new way because lions are not evenly spread out in the wild and the number of lions varies from area to area.(然而，布拉兹科夫斯基说，这种方法不如新方法可靠，因为狮子在野外不是均匀分布的，而且狮子的数量因地区而异。)”和“The trouble with this method is that re-searchers might count the same lions twice in the dark or miss some, because not all of them might appear.(这种方法的问题在于，研究人员可能会在黑暗中把同一只狮子数两次，或者漏掉一些，因为不是所有的狮子都可能出现。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是常用方法的不准确性。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“A new technique using drones to count lions in the wild has been tested in Uganda.  The drones were used by scientists from The University of Queensland, Australia, to get a more accurate idea of lion populations.(一项使用无人机在野外数狮子的新技术在乌干达进行了测试。澳大利亚昆士兰大学的科学家使用无人机来更准确地了解狮子的数量。)”可知，本文主要讲的是澳大利亚昆士兰大学的科学家使用无人机来更准确地了解狮子的数量，因此最好的题目是C选项“Using drones to count lions in the wild(用无人机在野外数狮子)”。故选C。

14.【2023届四川省成都市第三次诊断试题】
Sending human travelers to Mars would require scientists and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety obstacles. One of them is the enormous risk posed by particle radiation from the sun, distant stars and galaxies.
Answering two key questions would go a long way toward overcoming that: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet? And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help protect astronauts from the radiation?
In a new article published in the journal Space Weather, an international team of space scientists with researchers from UCLA, answers those two questions.
That is, humans should be able to safely travel to and from Mars, provided that the spacecraft has adequate shielding (防护) and the round trip is shorter than approximately four years. And the timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a difference: The scientists determined that the best time for a flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak, because the most dangerous and energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏移) during solar maximum.
Imaginably, the average flight to Mars takes about nine months, so it is reasonable that a human mission could reach the planet and return to Earth in less than two years,according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research geophysicist and co-author of the paper.:
“This study shows that although space radiation imposes (追使) strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars, such a mission is viable,” said Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam,Germany.
8．What are the two questions about?
A．Getting rid of the technological obstacles.
B．Making astronauts return from Mars safely.
C．Protecting astronauts from particle radiation.
D．Launching the spacecraft to Mars in shielding.
9．Which decides the time when humans fly to Mars?
A．The distance to stars. B．The length of the round trip.
C．The size of particles. D．The degree of solar activity.
10．What does the underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Challenging. B．Workable. C．Rewarding. D．Affordable.
11．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Two Questions, a Help to Humans?
B．Particle Radiation, an Obstacle to Mars?
C．Travelling to Mars, an Impossible Mission?
D．A Round Trip to Mars, Technological Advance?
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究结果，该研究表明科学家们可以克服粒子辐射的威胁，帮助人类进行火星旅游。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Answering two key questions would go a long way toward overcoming that: Would particle radiation pose too serious a threat to human life throughout a round trip to the red planet? And, could the very timing of a mission to Mars help protect astronauts from the radiation?(回答两个关键问题将大大有助于克服这一问题：粒子辐射是否会在人类往返火星的过程中对生命构成太严重的威胁？而且，火星任务的时机是否有助于保护宇航员免受辐射？)”可知，这两个问题的解决和是否能够保护宇航员免受粒子辐射相关。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段“And the timing of a human mission to Mars would indeed make a difference: The scientists determined that the best time for a flight to leave Earth would be when solar activity is at its peak, because the most dangerous and energetic particles from distant galaxies are deflected (偏移) during solar maximum.(而且，人类登陆火星的时间确实会产生影响：科学家们确定，离开地球的最佳时间是太阳活动最活跃的时候，因为来自遥远星系的最危险、最具能量的粒子会在太阳活动极大期发生偏转。)”可知，太阳活动的活跃程度决定了人类何时飞往火星。故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一段“Imaginably, the average flight to Mars takes about nine months, so it is reasonable that a human mission could reach the planet and return to Earth in less than two years, according to Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research geophysicist and co-author of the paper.(据加州大学洛杉矶分校的地球物理学家、该论文的合著者Yuri Shprits说，可以想象，飞往火星的平均时间约为9个月，因此人类在不到两年的时间内到达火星并返回地球是合理的。)”可知，Yuri Shprits认为飞往火星并返回地球是合理的。再根据划线单词前一句“This study shows that although space radiation imposes(追使)strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars,(这项研究表明，尽管空间辐射对航天器的重量和发射时间施加了严格的限制，并且给人类的火星任务带来了技术上的困难，)”中的“though”可知，主从句之间存在转折关系，上文说的是火星任务的困难，那么所在句指的应该是尽管困难重重，任务还是可行的。选项A“Challenging (具有挑战性的)”；选项B“Workable (可行的)”；选项C“Rewarding (值得的)”；选项D“Affordable(承担的起的)”。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sending human travelers to Mars would require scientists and engineers to overcome a range of technological and safety obstacles. One of them is the enormous risk posed by particle radiation from the sun, distant stars and galaxies.(将人类旅行者送往火星需要科学家和工程师克服一系列技术和安全障碍。其中之一是来自太阳、遥远恒星和星系的粒子辐射带来的巨大风险。)”可知，人类的火星之旅困难之一就是粒子辐射；而根据最后一段““This study shows that although space radiation imposes(追使)strict limitations on how heavy the spacecraft can be and the time of launch, and it presents technological difficulties for human missions to Mars, such a mission is viable,” said Shprits, who also is head of space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany.(“这项研究表明，尽管空间辐射对航天器的重量和发射时间施加了严格的限制，并且给人类的火星任务带来了技术上的困难，但这样的任务是可行的，” Shprits说，他也是德国波茨坦GFZ地球科学研究中心的空间物理和空间气象负责人。)”可知，科研人员认为这些困难是可以克服的。所以本文主要内容就是讨论粒子辐射是否会成为人类通往火星的障碍。“Particle Radiation, an Obstacle to Mars?( 粒子辐射是通往火星的障碍?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。

15.【2023届四川省大数据精准教学联盟三联试题】
In rural Tabasco, Mexico, a community of 50 3D printed homes is now under construction.
The US-based nonprofit New Story has teamed up with the tech company ICON to build the world’s first 3D printed neighborhood. It’s part of their project working to fight global homelessness.
Brett Hagler, the company’s CEO and co-founder, says the machine starts at the very bottom of the home, laying the cement (水泥) all the way to top where a roof is then placed. Start to finish, the entire process takes just 24 hours to print. The company hires local workers to attach the roof and doors, Hagler says.
Each 3D printed home will have two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen and bathroom. Families there are living for less than $3 a day. Each home can stand hurricanes and medium-level earthquakes, Hagler says. Being strong enough to stand natural disasters has a “generational influence,” he says, because families can pass the home down from generation to generation.
New Story started in 2010 after a disastrous earthquake ruined Haiti, leaving millions injured and homeless. Seeing the damage “broke my heart,” Hagler says. Therefore, he founded New Story to be able to face large disasters with new robotic technology that can quickly rebuild communities.
Now, using New Story’s printer, known as “Vulcan 2,” they are able to quickly build safe shelters. “Besides, we are free of exorbitant operation costs. We bring in the technology to make it faster, cheaper and eventually a better product,” Hagler says, “and then be able to have local labor to do other necessary jobs.”
Hagler says they don’t want to keep this innovation to themselves. After their project in Tabasco, they hope to service other nonprofits who are working toward ending global homelessness.
8．Why are these 3D printed homes built?
A．To reduce the unemployment. B．To help those who lost homes.
C．To reduce the losses in earthquake. D．To succeed in developing the company.
9．What makes it possible for the 3D printed home to be passed down?
A．The affordable price. B．The well-equipped design.
C．The ability to stand disasters. D．The technology used in construction.
10．What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Costly. B．Average. C．Unusual. D．Reasonable.
11．What is the best title for this passage?
A．New Story: A Nonprofit with Advanced Technology
B．A New Style of Architecture Begins to Gain Popularity
C．World’s 1st 3D Printed Neighborhood Being Built in Mexico
D．3D Printing: A Technology That Makes Building Faster and Cheaper
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界上第一个在建的3D打印建筑社区。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The US-based nonprofit New Story has teamed up with the tech company ICON to build the world’s first 3D printed neighborhood. It’s part of their project working to fight global homelessness. (总部位于美国的非营利组织“新故事”（New Story）与科技公司“图标”（ICON）合作，建造了世界上第一个3D打印社区。这是他们抗击全球无家可归者计划的一部分)”可得知，这个社区修建的目的是为了帮助那些无家可归的人。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“Being strong enough to stand natural disasters has a “generational influence,” he says, because families can pass the home down from generation to generation.(他说，足够强大以抵御自然灾害有“世代影响”，因为家庭可以代代相传)”可得知，可以让这个建筑“代代相传”下去的，是因为它足够牢固，可以抵御自然灾害。故选C。
3. 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段第二句和第三句“Besides, we are free of exorbitant operation costs. We bring in the technology to make it faster, cheaper and eventually a better product,(此外，我们没有exorbitant运营成本。我们引进这种技术，让它更快、更便宜，最终成为更好的产品)”可知，引进这种技术更便宜，这说明运营成分没有那么昂贵。由此可知，划线单词exorbitant意为“昂贵的”，与costly(昂贵的)意思一样。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“The US-based nonprofit New Story has teamed up with the tech company ICON to build the world’s first 3D printed neighborhood. (总部位于美国的非营利组织“新故事”（New Story）与科技公司“图标”（ICON）合作，建造了世界上第一个3D打印社区)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界上第一个在建的3D打印建筑社区。由此可知，C项“世界首个3D打印社区在墨西哥建成”适合做文章标题。故选C。

16.【2023届四川省德阳市高三三诊试题】
These days, teens are heavily influenced by the media. Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That’s 5-more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven’t yet considered the hours they spend using the internet and reading newspapers.
However, several studies have shown a serious problem:Today’s teens lack media literacy. In other words, they have difficulty critically thinking about the information they see. One study focused on middle school students. It found more than 80 percent of them couldn’t tell the difference between real news stories and ads that looked like news.
Stanford University professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries to help his students learn media literacy. The Professor gave an example that shows why media literacy matters. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm. One focuses on the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. “With a news’ story, news stations tell you what they feel are the important details. These details largely depend on the opinions of the news director,” said John, “A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one aspect at one point in time. There is more going on.”
Some experts think School is the best place to teach media literacy. Others believe everyone from parents to journalists should help teens learn the skill.
As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts recommend the age of 12. But some basic ideas can be taught even earlier. “It’s never too early to start learning media literacy.” said John.
32．What can we know about teens today from paragraph 1?
A．They are willing to read newspaper at home.
B．They prefer watching TV to surfing the internet.
C．They spend more time watching TV than studying.
D．They are fond of surfing the internet better at school.
33．What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
A．Most of teens have trouble with reading.
B．Most of teens needs to practise thinking.
C．Most of teens are short of media literacy.
D．Most of teens lay stress on media effects.
34．What does the example given by professor imply?
A．There are many sides to a thing at one time.
B．Terrible road conditions cause inconvenience.
C．One’s media literacy depends on your attitude.
D．News details must be announced by news stations.
35．Which of the following statements does John agree with?
A．Parents have the responsibility to realize media literacy.
B．Teens should learn media literacy as early as possible.
C．The best age for children to learn is the age of 12.
D．Children can be taught better only at school.
【答案】32．C 33．C 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了青少年应该具备的媒体素养方面的话题。现在的青少年生活在一个媒体发达的时代，但许多青少年仍然对媒体中的一些信息缺乏判断力。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“These days, teens are heavily influenced by the media. Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That’s 5-more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven’t yet considered the hours they spend using the internet and reading newspapers.”（如今，青少年深受媒体的影响。他们中的许多人已经看了数千小时的电视。这比他们在学校和老师相处的时间多5倍。我们还没有考虑到他们花在上网和看报纸上的时间。）可知，从第一段我们可以了解到今天的青少年他们花更多的时间看电视而不是学习。故选C项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, several studies have shown a serious problem: Today’s teens lack media literacy. In other words, they have difficulty critically thinking about the information they see. One study focused on middle school students. It found more than 80 percent of them couldn’t tell the difference between real news stories and ads that looked like news.”（然而，一些研究显示了一个严重的问题：今天的青少年缺乏媒体素养。换句话说，他们很难批判性地思考他们所看到的信息。一项针对中学生的研究。研究发现，超过80%的人无法区分真正的新闻故事和看起来像新闻的广告。）可知，这段主要讲的是大多数青少年缺乏媒体素养。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“These details largely depend on the opinions of the news director,” said John, “A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one aspect at one point in time. There is more going on.””（“这些细节在很大程度上取决于新闻主管的观点，”约翰说，“一个有媒体素养的人会意识到，每个故事都是关于一个时间点的一个方面。还有更多的事情要做。”）可推知，教授举的例子暗示同一时间一件事有许多方面。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts recommend the age of 12. But some basic ideas can be taught even earlier. “It’s never too early to start learning media literacy. ” said John.”（至于开始学习媒体素养的最佳时间，许多专家建议12岁。但是一些基本的概念可以在更早的时候教授。“开始学习媒体素养永远不会嫌早。约翰说。）可知，约翰同意的观点是青少年应该尽早学习媒体素养。故选B项。

17.【2023届安徽省皖南八校高三第三次大联考英语试题】
Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety.
If parents are inconsistently available, kids can get distressed(苦恼的)and feel hurt, rejected, or ignored. They may have more emotional outbursts and feel alone. They may even stop trying to compete for their parent’s attention and start to lose emotional connections to their parents.
“There are times when kids really do need your attention and want your recognition. Parents need to communicate that their kids are valuable and important, and children need to know that parents care what they’re doing,” explains Crnic, a psychologist. “Kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three. Up until then, they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions, whether to calm them or help get them excited,” he adds.
Dr. Carol Metzler, who studies parenting at the Oregon Research Institute, explains, “They’re watching you to see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it. Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or other challenging times. If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive(攻击性的)themselves, children can copy that behavior, and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade.”
As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to help them develop coping skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.
12．Which of the following can replace the underlined words “trigger off”?
A．Set off. B．Burst into.
C．Consist of. D．Dive for.
13．Why does Metzler think it tough to respond to kids sensitively in Paragraph 4?
A．Because kids are unable to make out their parents’ arguments.
B．Because parents are too sensitive to train kids to be aggressive.
C．Because kids can not copy their parents’ behavior on these occasions.
D．Because parents have to control their feelings and teach it to their kids.
14．What’s the text mainly about?
A．Parents should not be bad-tempered in front of their kids.
B．Parents should consistently develop their problem solving skills.
C．Parents should engage with kids and respond to them positively.
D．Parents should continuously upgrade their language and emotions.
15．What will the writer probably talk about next?
A．The way to train kids to be confident.
B．The way to train kids’ abilities to deal with matters.
C．The way to train kids to self-regulate their emotions.
D．The way to train kids’ abilities to be sensitive and responsible.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要与孩子建立密切的联系并积极地影响孩子。
12．词义猜测题。根据第一自然段“Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety. (现代生活中充满了会影响你对孩子敏感和反应能力的事情。其中包括额外的工作、睡眠不足以及移动设备等。一些专家担心这些事情会对情感纽带、儿童语言发展、社交和安全trigger off影响。)”可知，本段主要讲述了影响父母理解、体恤孩子并积极回应孩子能力的事物及其所引发的后果。划线词所在句为定语从句，意为“这些事物所产生的影响”，修饰effects，由此可推知，画线短语与A项“set off(引起)”意思相近。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四自然段“Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or other challenging times. (父母需要成为良好的自我调节者。你不仅试图在当下调节自己的情绪，还帮助孩子学会管理自己的情绪和行为。在孩子发脾气、争吵或其他具有挑战性的时候，你很难以敏感的态度回应他们。)”可知， 在第4段中，Metzler 认为对孩子们做出敏感的回应很困难，这是因为父母在这些时候不仅要自我调节情绪，还要帮助孩子学会管控情绪和行为。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。本文首段和第二段提出了现代生活中的一些事物会影响父母与孩子建立密切的联系并回应孩子，以及由此而引发的对孩子的负面影响；第三段讲述了孩子的成长过程中需要父母的陪伴与认同；第四段讲述了孩子在情绪和行为方面会效仿父母以及父母应当避免负面的情绪和行为被孩子效仿；末段讲述了父母还应教会孩子解决实际问题的技能。由此可知，文章主要讲了父母应该与孩子互动，并积极回应他们。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to help them develop coping skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.(随着孩子们越来越善于管理自己的情绪和行为，帮助他们发展应对技能是很重要的，比如积极主动地解决问题。这样的技能可以帮助他们在处理自己面临的问题时感到自信。)”可知，此处讲述了父母帮助孩子发展解决问题的技能很重要，由此可推测，作者接下来会谈及如何培养孩子解决实际问题的技能。故选B。

18.【2023届新疆维乌鲁木齐市三模试题】
Before every show, Beyonce listens to the same playlist, performs stretches, and meditates (冥想) for precisely one hour. This is part of her per-performance ritual (仪式) .
Rituals help to structure our lives. People perform group rituals that mark significant social events and stages such as singing at birthday parties and celebrating at weddings. Individuals also have personalized rituals that help to organize their days, such as getting that morning cup of juice, performing a bedtime routine, or stretching before going on stage.
Research shows that rituals can help us enjoy experiences. Researchers from the University of Minnesota and Harvard found that enacting a ritual enhanced how much people enjoyed eating chocolate. Before having participants eat a chocolate bar, the researchers asked participants to perform a ritual by breaking the chocolate bar in half without removing the wrapper, then unwrapping only half of the bar and eating it, and finally unwrapping the other half and eating it. Compared to people who simply relaxed before eating the chocolate, those who had performed the ritual reported that the chocolate was more flavorful. Rituals appear to heighten how involved we are in our experiences.
Rituals can also help reduce anxiety and improve performance. In a 2020 study, researchers asked participants to engage in a task of singing a popular song in front of an experimenter, aiming to cause anxiety. Before singing, some participants just sat quietly while they waited, but others were asked to perform a ritual. The results showed that compared to participants who had sat quietly before singing, those who performed the ritual reported being less anxious and sang the song more accurately using the correct volume, key, and note duration. If you think Beyoncé performs well at her concerts, maybe her ritual has something to do with it.
We can include rituals into countless aspects of our lives. We can light a candle at the end of the workday to improve how much we enjoy our leisure time. We can regularly visit locations that are special to us to de-stress and feel more in control. We can meditate before important tasks to reduce our anxiety and improve our performance. The choice is ours.
12．Which of the following is an example of group rituals?
A．Applauding at the end of a concert. B．Putting a family photo in the purse.
C．Buying a bunch of flowers for oneself. D．Taking a deep breath before a performance.
13．According to the text, what made the chocolate more flavorful?
A．Removing the wrapper. B．Breaking it into halves.
C．Relaxing before eating. D．Ritualizing the eating process.
14．What can we infer about rituals from the study in 2020?
A．They help ease people’s tension. B．They make people find inner peace.
C．They give inspiration for new songs. D．They are essential for singing songs.
15．What does the author advise us to do?
A．Have more leisure time. B．Decrease travel frequency.
C．Bring rituals into our lives. D．Balance work and pleasure.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了仪式的力量。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“People perform group rituals that mark significant social events and stages such as singing at birthday parties and celebrating at weddings. (人们举行集体仪式来纪念重要的社会事件和阶段，比如在生日聚会上唱歌和在婚礼上庆祝)”可推断，选择项中只有音乐会是集体活动，所以在音乐会结束时鼓掌是集体仪式的例子。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Research shows that rituals can help us enjoy experiences.  Researchers from the University of Minnesota and Harvard found that enacting a ritual enhanced how much people enjoyed eating chocolate. (研究表明，仪式可以帮助我们享受经历。明尼苏达大学和哈佛大学的研究人员发现，养成仪式可以提高人们对吃巧克力的喜爱程度)”和“Compared to people who simply relaxed before eating the chocolate, those who had performed the ritual reported that the chocolate was more flavorful.(与那些在吃巧克力前放松的人相比，那些进行了这种仪式的人报告说，巧克力更有味道)”可知，将饮食过程仪式化可以使巧克力更美味。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“In a 2020 study, researchers asked participants to engage in a task of singing a popular song in front of an experimenter, aiming to cause anxiety. Before singing, some participants just sat quietly while they waited, but others were asked to perform a ritual. The results showed that compared to participants who had sat quietly before singing, those who performed the ritual reported being less anxious and sang the song more accurately using the correct volume, key, and note duration. (在2020年的一项研究中，研究人员要求参与者在实验者面前唱一首流行歌曲，目的是引起焦虑。在唱歌之前，一些参与者只是静静地坐着等待，但其他人则被要求进行仪式。结果显示，与那些在唱歌前安静地坐着的参与者相比，那些进行这种仪式的参与者报告说他们不那么焦虑，而且用正确的音量、音调和音符持续时间唱得更准确)”可推断，仪式有助于缓解人们的紧张。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We can include rituals into countless aspects of our lives. We can light a candle at the end of the workday to improve how much we enjoy our leisure time. We can regularly visit locations that are special to us to de-stress and feel more in control. We can meditate before important tasks to reduce our anxiety and improve our performance. The choice is ours. (我们可以把仪式融入生活的方方面面。我们可以在一天结束的时候点一支蜡烛来提高我们享受闲暇时间的程度。我们可以定期去对我们来说特别的地方减压，感觉更有控制力。我们可以在重要任务前冥想，以减少焦虑，提高表现。选择权在我们自己)”可知，作者建议我们把仪式带入我们的生活。故选C。

19.【2023届浙江省温州市高三三模试题】
Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent to which their own moral judgments can be influenced by the chatbot.
Sebastian Krigel and colleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right to sacrifice (牺牲) the life of one person in order to save the lives of five others. They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).
The authors then presented 767 U.S. participants, who were on average 39 years old, with a dilemma whether to sacrifice one person’s life to save five others. Before answering, participants read a statement provided by ChatGPT arguing either for or against sacrificing one life to save five. Statements were from either a moral advisor or ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent of participants reported that their answers were not influenced by the statements they read. However, the authors found that the answers participants believed they would have provided without reading the statements were still more likely to agree with the moral stance of the statement they did read than with the opposite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.
The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.
12．What are ChatGPT’s answers to a certain moral stance?
A．Inconsistent. B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple.
13．What is learned about the participants?
A．They admitted the power of ChatGPT.
B．They were interviewed by a moral advisor.
C．They were affected by ChatGPT unknowingly.
D．They were presented with different moral dilemmas.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Different findings of the study. B．Future potentials for chatbots.
C．Major focuses of future education. D．Solutions to the impact of chatbots.
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．ChatGPT Tends to Cause Moral Panics B．ChatGPT: Is It Likely to Affect Our Life?
C．ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us So Nervous? D．ChatGPT Can Influence Human Moral Judgments
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“They found that ChatGPT wrote random statements arguing both for and against sacrificing one life, indicating that it is not biased towards a certain moral stance (立场).(他们发现，ChatGPT会随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The authors suggest that the potential for chatbots to influence human moral judgments highlights the need for education to help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They propose that future research should design chabots that either decline to answer questions requiring a moral judgment or answer these questions by providing multiple arguments and warnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们建议，未来的研究应该设计出要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题的聊天机器人)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Human responses to moral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT, according to a study published in Scientific Reports.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响)”以及倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence of ChatGPT’s statements on their own moral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”最符合文章标题。故选D。

20.【山东省聊城市2023年高三三检试题】
Many retirees spend time playing games like crossword puzzles, and social games like chess. These games keep people thinking and give their brains a good workout. But can they really help improve memory?
The idea of using games that are specifically designed to brain training is very complicated, but research published in The Cambridge University Press has found that brain games certainly make people think and use acquired skills.
Brain games sharpen certain thinking skills like short-term memory decision making, planning skills, and reaction time according to Dr. Julie Brody-Magid, clinical director of the Memory Disorders Assessment Clinic at Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital. Many of these skills decrease as people age,especially after retirement,
“Learning to use your brain in response to other forms of stimulation can help strengthen valuable mental skills, which older people continue to need and rely on every day,” Brody-Magid said. The best way to build up cognitive (认知的) reserve is to stay physically active, especially when you age, by taking care of your health by eating right and managing chronic diseases like high blood pressure, and diabetes. All of these go hand-in-hand with playing brain games.“In this way, participating in brain games actually can help with cognition, but it’s a team effort,” said Brody-Magid. “You can’t do it by doing crossword puzzles alone.”
So, if you want to mix it up and combine different types of brain boosting games, here’s a selection from Very Well Mind. Sudoku, a number placement game, relies on short-term memory and concentration. Crossword puzzles are the classic brain game that revolves around long-term memory and knowledge. You can also find them in newspapers and books. If you prefer online games, you can check out Braingle, a free site that has over 15,000 puzzles, riddles, and more. You can even create your own puzzles to get your creative juices flowing too.
So, play some brain games to exercise your brain cells and harvest all of the benefits.
12．What is the purpose of the games in paragraph 2?
A．To train brain. B．To improve creativity.
C．To work out physically. D．To get relaxed.
13．How can older people acquire strong mental power according to Brody-Magid?
A．By only staying physically active.
B．By exercising their brain frequently.
C．By participating in more team work.
D．By stimulating their cognitive ability.
14．What does the author suggest doing to improve your creative ability?
A．Relying on Sudoku.
B．Doing crossword puzzles.
C．Checking out Braingle.
D．Designing puzzles in person.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．The elderly should play more games than the young.
B．Brain games help people solve complicated problems.
C．Playing brain games helps improve your memory.
D．Crossword puzzles hold the secret of your creativity.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玩脑力游戏可以帮助老年人提高记忆力。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“The idea of using games that are specifically designed to brain training is very complicated, but research published in The Cambridge University Press has found that brain games certainly make people think and use acquired skills.(使用专门用于大脑训练的游戏的想法非常复杂，但发表在剑桥大学出版社的研究发现，益智游戏确实能让人们思考和使用获得的技能。)”可知，设计这些游戏是为了训练大脑。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Learning to use your brain in response to other forms of stimulation can help strengthen valuable mental skills, which older people continue to need and rely on every day(学会使用你的大脑对其他形式的刺激做出反应，可以帮助加强有价值的心理技能，这是老年人每天都需要和依赖的)”可知，老年人可以通过频繁锻炼大脑来获得强化的心智技能。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You can even create your own puzzles to get your creative juices flowing too.(你甚至可以创造自己的谜题来激发你的创造力。)”可知，作者建议通过自己设计谜题提高创造力。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“So, play some brain games to exercise your brain cells and harvest all of the benefits.(所以，玩一些益智游戏来锻炼你的脑细胞，收获所有的好处。)”可知，文章介绍了玩脑力游戏可以帮助老年人提高记忆力，因此C项“Playing brain games helps improve your memory.(玩益智游戏有助于提高记忆力。)”是文章的主旨，故选C。