高考英语总复习语法专题4第1讲并列句和状语从句学案

第1讲　并列句和状语从句

考点1　并列连词

1. 表示并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and, both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., as well as。

Last March, my father turned 90 years old. As usual, I planned a birthday party for him, and this party was the biggest and the best!

去年三月，我父亲90岁了。像往常一样，我为他策划了一个生日聚会，这次聚会是最大最好的！

Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy, but also it enables others to feel delighted.

一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。

2. 表示转折的并列连词：but, yet；表示对比关系的并列连词：while。

I don't mind having a lower rank, but Wang Lun is hard to get along with.

我不介意职位低，但王伦很难相处。

I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organised.

我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。

3. 表示选择关系的并列连词：or, either ... or ..., not ... but ...。

They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.

他们要么以个人的名义要么通过他们的公司给养老院捐钱。

4. 表示因果关系的并列连词：so, for (表示“由于”，一般不放在句首)。

Grandpa found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

由于爷爷的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。

5. when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：

(1)be about to do sth. when ... “正要做某事，这时突然……”

(2)be on the point of doing sth. when ... “正要做某事，这时突然……”

(3)be doing sth. when ... “正在做某事，这时突然……”

(4)had done sth. when ... “刚做完某事，这时突然……”

I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。

She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.

昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。

考点2　状语从句

一、时间状语从句

1. when, while和as引导的时间状语从句

As it gets warmer and warmer, the trees begin to come to life.

随着天气变得越来越暖和，树木开始恢复生机。

2. 表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句

(1)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly表示“一……就……”。

The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.

我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。

(2)hardly ... when ..., scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ... 表示“刚……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。

3. before, since引导的时间状语从句

(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：

①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before ... 过了……时间才……

②It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before ... 没过多久就……

We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.

在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。

If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.

如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。

(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用一般过去时)。

As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.

正如所报道的，清华大学建校一百多年了。

4. till/until引导的时间状语从句

till/until用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not ... until/till ... 表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。

We waited inside until things calmed down.

我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。

She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.

等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。

5. every time, each time, next time, the first time, by the time等引导的时间状语从句

By the time he arrived at the station, the train had left.

当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。

二、让步状语从句

1. although, though, as和while引导的让步状语从句

(1)though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的让步状语从句不倒装；as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装语序。

Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now.

虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。

(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表示转折，置于句末或句中。

(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。

While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.

尽管有些人被成功的欲望所激励，但另一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。

(4)as, though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况

①如果是名词单数或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。

Youngest as/though he is in our class, he speaks English best.

他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。

②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。

Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.

尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。

2. even if与even though引导的让步状语从句

even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。

Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.

蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。

3. “疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句

where(what, who, whom, when, which, how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which, how)。

Whatever you say, he won't believe you.

无论你说什么，他都不会相信。

However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.

不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。

4. whether ... or ... 引导的让步状语从句

whether ... or ... 意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。

All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.

所有人，无论老幼、贫富，都一直在尽力帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。

三、其他状语从句

You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practising it.

只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。

Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.

正如单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，句子也能改变一段文字的意思。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.

2. (2021·全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky but did the job.

3. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.

4. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum.

5. (2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.

Ⅱ. 语法填空

(2021·江西南昌二模)There are many reasons 1. why college and university students often fail 2. to get (get) full nights of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total 3. freedom (free) in how they plan their days and nights. Parties, late night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends — these are all things that cut into college students' sleep habits.

A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 4. the science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He says his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. The class 5. centred (centre) round why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 6. caused (cause) by a lack of sleep. This includes difficulty focusing on studies or 7. controlling (control) one's attentions,  and increased risk of many diseases.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours of sleep a night to stay 8. healthy (health). Scullin found students who slept more performed 9. better (well) in two different classes, 10. and he published his findings in two academic publications last November.

Ⅲ. 写作运用

根据汉语提示补全下面写作， 注意连词的运用。

Dear Eric，

I am Li Hua. I'm writing to inform you that my school's table tennis team is recruiting new players. I know you are good at playing ping­pong, 1. so I want to invite you to join the team (所以我想邀请你加入我们的团队)．

Table tennis is very popular with students in our school, and 2. because our school table tennis equipment is perfect (因为我们学校的乒乓球设施完善), our school often holds many big activities, such as “Harmonious Cup” table tennis match and middle school table tennis championship. 3. If you join the team (如果你加入团队), you can get systematic training and compete with high level players in the events. I hope you will accept my invitation. 4. You can download the registration form from our school website, fill it out and send it to the school email box (你可以从我们学校的网站上下载登记表，填好并发送到学校邮箱). Registration deadline is July 31. If you have any questions, please write to me.

I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua