高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第2册UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS学案

Ⅰ. 词块记单词

1. severe diarrhoea 严重的腹泻

2. two contradictory theories 两种对立的理论

3. an infection from germs 细菌感染

4. need proof 需要证据

5. multiple deaths 多起死亡事件

6. be to blame 该受责备，应承担责任

7. the handle of the pump 水泵的把手

8. show a link between A and B显示出A和B之间的联系

9. in his use of maps and statistics 在他使用地图和统计数据方面

10. change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue改变科学界对这个问题的看法

11. announce the finding 宣布这一发现

12. cast different shadows of you 投下你不同的影子

13. pour it like a liquid 像液体一样倒下

14. under one's leadership 在某人的领导下

15. an outstanding and creative scientist 一位杰出而有创造力的科学家

Ⅱ. 语境记单词

1. Many people are surprised by the transformation that the company has been transformed from a family business into a multi­million­pound enterprise.(transform)

2. Initially, I entirely knew about the initial steps they took to create a better campus.(initial)

3. Rose's father is a skilled mechanic so she has become an expert in mechanical problems about mechanically powered vehicles, too.(mechanic)

4. In the time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)

5. As an assistant, he assisted the professor with the experiment. And his assistance made the experiment easier to do.(assistant)

6. Their daughter had a gift for language while their son is a gifted pianist.(gift)

7. A country, which wants to be powerful and steady, should pay attention to developing its economy steadily．(steady)

8. The famous West Lake is like a brilliant pearl embedded in the beautiful and fertile shores of the East China Sea and shocks tourists worldwide with its brilliance．(brilliant)

9. With solid proof(s), the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent.(prove)

10. The subscriber was rich and generous, subscribing two million dollars to the Red Cross.(subscribe)

Ⅲ. 语境记短语

1. I came down (患病) with a cold that forced me to slow down my training.

2. There are concerns that a new civil war may break out (爆发) if no solution is found.

3. A teacher, above all (最重要的是), should know what to do with the problems appearing in class correctly.

4. Thanks to (幸亏) these donations, the poorest of the poor are receiving the best­quality medicines on offer.

5. I have never subscribed to (赞成) the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.

6. Although the city preserves a good look in general(总的来说), some of its heritage was destroyed in World War Ⅱ.

7. An educator who is in charge of (主管) England's exams said a review of the primary school courses would be a chance to decide if it should be taught to younger pupils.

8. Why don't you negotiate directly with him and solve this issue once and for all (彻底地)?

Ⅳ. 公式练句型

1. 如果你不明白某件事，你可以调查、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白为止。(until引导的时间状语从句)

If you don't understand something，you may research, study and talk to other people until you figure it out．

2. 每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把它介绍给你们。(so ... that ...)

Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you．

3. 我要去修一下我的电脑，因为它出故障了。(have sth. done)

I'll have my computer repaired because there is something wrong with it.

4. 这个男孩好像对参加机器人比赛非常感兴趣。(It seems that ...)

It seemed that the boy was quite interested in taking part in the robot competition.

5. 有网瘾的青少年更可能患忧郁症。(be likely to do sth.)

Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.

1. subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)

[素养佳句] He is kind enough to subscribe regularly to local charities.

他很善良，定期向当地的慈善机构捐款。

——写出下列句中subscribe to的含义

①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.              赞成；同意

②This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past. 捐赠

③Using the money I earned in the holiday, I have subscribed to several magazines recently.              订阅

——完成句子

④All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent­children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.

我们所有人都赞成这个观点，即好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。

2. suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象

[素养佳句] Don't suspect him of his honesty because he is very reliable.

不要怀疑他的诚实，因为他很可靠。

——单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.

②Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour.

③Many people suspect his friend to be (be) a kidnapper.

④Any man who has witnessed the attack is under suspicion.

——完成句子

⑤The boss suspected him of taking the computer away from the company.

老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。

3. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责

[素养佳句] Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.

警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。

——单句语法填空

①Once you form the habit of blaming the world for your failure, you are a loser.

②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.

③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab.

——句式升级

Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.

④Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(过去分词短语作状语)

4. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低

[素养佳句] In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.

在西班牙和葡萄牙，失业青年人数已经有所下降。

——单句语法填空

①With the development of economy, the population of the city has now increased to a million.

②The pressure at work is on the increase in all occupations.

③To our sorrow, population growth is decreasing by 1.4% in large cities each year.

——一句多译

由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。

④Because of human activity, the number of some rare animals is on the decrease．(decrease n．)

⑤Because of human activity, the number of some rare animals is decreasing．(decrease v．)

5. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解

[素养佳句] She will be defending her title at next month's championships.

她将在下月的锦标赛上争取蝉联冠军。

——单句语法填空

①(2020·浙江卷7月)Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear defence (defend) actions we knew.

②Many trees were planted there to defend the earth from being washed (wash) away.

③When a dog attacked me, I picked up a stick to defend myself (I)．

④She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in defence.

——一句多译

人们认为应该训练学生保护他们自己以免遭某些攻击。

⑤It's thought that students should be trained to defend themselves against some attacks.(defend)

⑥It's thought that students should be trained in defence of themselves from some attacks.(defence)

6. above all最重要的是；尤其是

[素养佳句] Our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and above all variety.

我们的产品在质量、可靠性，尤其是品种方面颇具竞争力。

——用all的相关短语填空

①I was very upset to find out that he didn't like my gift at all．

②The little girl was anxious and began to tremble. After all, it was the first time that she had been on the stage.

③How many students are there in your school in all?

——完成句子

④All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.

总之，我真诚地邀请你到我们学校来亲自看看。

7. Sb./Sth. be likely to do sth.

[素养佳句] If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to improve.

如果你能找到合适的学习方法，你的学习效率就有可能会提高。

——单句语法填空

①(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.

②If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.

③Someone who lacks persistence is unlikely(likely) to make a good researcher.

——一句多译

白天这个时候他不可能来，因为他太忙了。

④He is not likely to come at this time of day because he is too busy.(likely)

⑤It is not likely that he will come at this time of day because he is too busy.(It is likely that ...)

选词填空

outstanding; shift; pour; link; fault; thanks to; break out; come down; once and for all; statistic

1. He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people.

2. Thanks to the high­speed trains, we can go around all over the country more conveniently.

3. A big fire broke out in the hotel yesterday evening, which caused a lot of damage.

4. She listened, shifting nervously from one foot to another.

5. When Jane saw her efforts paid off，tears of happiness poured down her cheeks.

6. Unfortunately，the outstanding astronomer came down with a severe illness.

7. Yellow is linked with confidence, self­respect and friendliness.

8. Statistics show that 50% of new businesses fail in their first year because they lack enough experience.

9. Yuan Longping is an outstanding Chinese agricultural expert.

10. We have to handle this matter once and for all．

Ⅰ. 语境猜词义

1. (2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.              n. 责任

2. (2020·天津卷7月)She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended herself.              v. 辩解

3. (2020·天津卷7月)He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.              n. 可疑对象

Ⅱ. 一词多义

1. (2021·全国乙卷)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.              C

A. v. 灌，倒　　　　 B. v. (雨)倾盆而下

C. v. (人)大量涌至 D. v. 斟(饮料)

2. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.              B

A. v. 转移(注意力等) B. v. 挪动

C. v. 改变观点 D. v. 推卸责任

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I have been a devoted reader since I subscribed to the newspaper．

自从我订阅了这份报纸，我就成了忠实的读者。

2. (2021·全国乙卷写作)For instance, its flexibility enables us to learn at our own pace and learn repeatedly until we master what we are learning．

例如，它的灵活性使我们能够按照自己的节奏学习，并反复学习，直到我们掌握了所学的东西。

3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers' houses.

我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。

4. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)She is so patient with each student that we all like her.

她对每位学生如此有耐心以至于我们都喜欢她。

5. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)Above all, the picking activity also inspired our love of labour.

最重要的是，这次采摘活动也激发了我们对劳动的热爱。

Ⅰ. 单词拼写

1. The party suffered severe (十分严重的) losses during the last election.

2. He was an outstanding (杰出的) athlete and deserved to win.

3. These children have health problems linked (相关联) to a poor diet and a lack of exercise.

4. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle (处理) the problem.

5. It is not your fault (过错), so you needn't make an apology to Jim.

6. Standing at the window, I watched the rain pouring (倾泻) down.

7. My main reason for subscribing (订阅) to New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science.

Ⅱ. 单句语法填空

1. Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunk driving, the number of accidents has decreased(decrease) recently.

2. When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated (frustrate)．

3. Do you remember those puzzles where you had to transform one word into another?

4. The young man was suspected (suspect) of stealing money from that apartment and was arrested.

5. She had recently lost her job as a physician's assistant (assist), and money was tight.

6. Einstein was not only the outstanding scientist，but also a gifted (gift) and enthusiastic musician.

7. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government.

8. The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of the lorry that was to blame (blame) for it.

9. Despite the steady (steadily) progress of building work, the campaign against it is still going strong.

10. The trees planted at the end of the 1990s have become a powerful defence (defend) against the strong wind.

Ⅲ. 补全句子

1. 我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(have sth. done)

I'm sorry to have your dictionary lost on my way home.

2. 我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so ... that ...)

I was so ashamed that/So ashamed was I that I couldn't sleep well at night.

3. 直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(强调句型)

It was not until I got the dictionary back that I would feel comfortable.

4. 你不应该把你的错误归咎于你的同班同学。(blame)

You shouldn't blame your mistakes on your classmates．

5. 如果你喜欢这本书，就不要急于看电影，因为它可能不会达到你的期望。(be likely to do sth.)

If you like the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not likely to live up to your expectations.