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精品解析：江苏省南京市南师附中新城中学&金陵中学河西分校2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：江苏省南京市南师附中新城中学&金陵中学河西分校2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版），共27页。试卷主要包含了 5分, 满分5分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
南京建邺区金陵河西&南师附中新城中学
2021—2022学年度第二学期质量监测八年级英语
听力部分（共15分）
第一部分∶听对话, 回答问题。（共10小题, 每小题0. 5分, 满分5分）
本部分共 10道小题, 每小题你将听到一段对话, 每段对话听两遍。在听每段对话前, 你将有5秒钟的时间阅读题目, 听完后, 你仍有5秒钟的作答时间。
1. Which sign do they see?
A. B. C.
2. Which charity are the two speakers talking about?
A. B. C.
3. How does Jane go to work every day?
A. B. C.
4. What place of interest does the man want to visit?
A. B. C.
5. How long does Li Lei do his homework every evening?
A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours.
6. What has the man done?
A. Some cooking. B. Some cleaning. C. Some shopping.
7. Where are they speaking?
A. At home. B. In the library. C. In the reading room.
8. How much will the woman pay for a double room on Tuesday?
A. $ 60. B. $ 32. C. $ 16.
9. What will the weather be like this week?
A. Hot and wet. B. Hot and dry. C. Cold and wet.
10. What are they going to do this evening?
A. To go to the theatre. B. To listen to the pop music. C. To listen to concert on the radio.
第二部分∶听对话和短文回答问题。（共10小题，计10分）
你将听到一段对话和两篇短文。听每段对话和短文前, 你将有时间阅读相关小题，听完后, 每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话和短文读两遍。
听第一段对话, 回答第11~12小题。
11. What is Jim doing?
A. Watching a movie. B. Keeping the photos. C. Looking at some photos.
12. How long did John and his classmates stay in the village?
A. One week. B. Three days. C. Four days.
听第一篇短文, 回答第13~15小题。
请根据所听内容, 选择正确答案, 完成信息记录表。
A few tips to help you be happier
First
Enjoy the simple things, such as reading a good book, listening to music or spending time with 13 .
Another
Be 14 , such as doing sports.
Finally
Help others, such as helping friends or the elderly, or 15 .
13. A. family members B. nice classmates C. close friends
14. A. active B. brave C. patient
15. A. donating money B. playing sports C. doing housework
听第二篇短文, 回答第16至20小题。
16. Where did Mr. Benn live?
A. In a small village. B. On a quiet farm. C. In a noisy town.
17. Why couldn’t the neighbors get any sleep?
A. Mr. Benn made too much noise.
B. They liked listening to loud music
C. They watched TV with Mr. Benn all night
18 How did the neighbors feel about what Mr. Benn did?
A. Bored. B. Excited. C. Worried.
19. When did Mr. Benn realize he was wrong?
A. Before he went to the meeting.
B. After he was unable to open his door.
C. When he saw his neighbors collecting the rubbish.
20. What did Mr. Benn promise to do?
A. Listen to soft music. B. Change his bad daily habits. C. Put the rubbish outside his door.
笔试部分（共85分）
一、单项填空（共15小题, 每小题1分, 满分15分）
1. This piece of music has a lasting value though it was made up all ________ accident.
A. of B. on C. by D. to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这首音乐虽然纯属偶然，却具有持久的价值。
考查介词辨析。of……的；on在……上面；by通过；to到。根据“though”可知，这首音乐是偶然被创作出来的，by accident“偶然地”，是固定搭配。故选C。
2. She is one of the greatest ________ scientists in the world.
A. living B. alive C. lives D. lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：她是世界上在世最伟大的科学家之一。
考查形容词作定语。living活着的，形容词；alive活着的，形容词；lives生命（life的复数），名词；lived居住（live的过去式），动词。根据“scientists”是名词可知，前要用形容词修饰，alive通常作表语，不作定语修饰名词，只能用living。故选A。
3. A sudden stop can be an unpleasant experience, ________ if you are travelling at high speed.
A. naturally B. properly C. equally D. especially
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：突然停车可能是一种不愉快的经历，特别是如果你正在高速行驶的话。
考查副词辨析。naturally自然地；properly正确地；equally平均地；especially尤其，特别。结合句意，强调正在高速行驶的时候遇到突然停车，用副词especially，故选D。
4. From the following pictures, we know that ________.
A. the boy can skate on the ice as it is thick enough
B. the boy can skate on the ice as there is enough ice
C. the boy can’t skate on the ice as it isn’t thick enough
D. the boy can’t skate on the ice as there isn’t enough ice
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：从下面的图片中，我们知道这个男孩不能在冰上滑冰，因为冰不够厚。
考查常识。the boy can skate on the ice as it is thick enough这男孩能在冰上溜冰，因为冰够厚；the boy can skate on the ice as there is enough ice因为有足够的冰，这个男孩可以在冰上溜冰；the boy can’t skate on the ice as it isn’t thick enough这男孩不能在冰上溜冰，因为冰不够厚；the boy can’t skate on the ice as there isn’t enough ice这个男孩不能在冰上滑冰，因为冰不够。根据图片内容可知，男孩扔了一块石头试探冰够不够厚，最后冰砸出一个水洞，说明冰不足够厚不能滑冰，故选C。
5. —People are asked to wear breathing masks in public places again.
—That’s it. The habit has ________ the possibility of catching COVID-19 viruses.
A reduced B. produced C. realized D. treated
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——人们再次被要求在公共场所戴口罩。——就是这样。这种习惯降低了感染COVID-19病毒的可能性。
考查动词。reduced减少；produced产生；realized意识到；treated对待。根据“People are asked to wear breathing masks in public places again.”可知，人们在公共场合戴口罩，可以降低感染COVID-19病毒的可能性，故选A。
6. —Simon, we can save energy by riding shared bicycles.
—That’s true. ________, using air conditioners less is also a good way.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Anyway D. Moreover
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Simon，我们可以通过骑共享自行车来节约能源。——那确实。而且，少用空调也是一个好办法。
考查副词辨析。however然而；otherwise否则；anyway无论如何；moreover而且。根据“we can save energy by riding shared bicycles”及“ using air conditioners less is also a good way”可知，下文是补充上文节省能源还有哪种方法，空处填moreover符合语境，故选D。
7. — The oil on the earth will ________ one day.
—I think so. We should make good use of it.
A. turn off B. use up C. depend on D. run out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——有一天地球上的石油会用尽。——我认为是这样。我们应该充分利用它。
考查词组词义辨析。turn off关掉；use up用完；耗尽（及物动词短语，后面需要加宾语或用被动语态）；depend on依靠，依赖；run out 用完，耗尽（不及物动词短语，后面无需加宾语）。根据“The oil on the earth will…one day.”可知，石油会用尽，句中横线后没有宾语。故选D。
8. In China, most people won’t push past you if you are ________. They will wait until you move away.
A. in some ways B. in the way C. on the way D. by the way
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：在中国，如果你挡道，大多数人不会推开你。他们会一直等到你移开。
考查介词短语。in some ways在某些方面；in the way挡道；on the way在路上；by the way顺便说一句。根据“They will wait until you move away.”可知，此处指挡道时大多数人的行为，in the way符合语境。故选B。
9. — Jim, turn down the music. The baby is sleeping.
— Don’t worry. He ________ for half an hour.
A. woke up B. has woken up C. was awake D. has been awake
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——吉姆，调低一点音乐。小孩子正在睡觉。——不要担心。他已经醒了半小时了。
考查时态。wake up醒来；awake醒着的。根据时间状语“for half an hour”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示动作状态的持续，用be wake。故选D。
10. It’s not ________ him to help these children with intellectual disabilities because he has received little training so far.
A. simple for B. simple of C. hard for D. hard of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：对他来说，帮助这些智力残疾的孩子并不简单，因为到目前为止，他几乎没有接受过培训。
考查固定句型和形容词辨析。simple 简单的，容易的；hard困难的。 It’s adj. for sb. to do sth. 表示做某事对某人来说很……，这里的形容词表示做某事的属性；It is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth.表示某人这么做真是太……了，这个形容词是用来形容人的，形容词通常是表示人的性格特点和品质方面的词。此句中simple或hard是表示做某事的属性，用for，排除B和D。由“because he has received little training so far.”可知帮助这些智力残疾的孩子是困难的，由“not”可知simple符合题意，故选A。
11. Sadly, the task is done ________ to make the boss satisfied. Poor thing!
A. too carelessly B. too careless C. carelessly enough D. careless enough
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：太惨了，这个任务完成的太粗心以至于老板不满意。真可怜！
考查副词用法及句型。空格处修饰前面的动词“done”，应该用副词，排除B/D选项；根据“Sadly”和“Poor thing!”可知，事情做的不好，老板不满意，用too…to…结构，表示“太……以至于不能”。故选A。
12. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it ________ 18 years ago.
A. set up B. is set up C. was set up D. will be set up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：中国国际搜索救援队自从18年前成立以来，给全世界受灾地区的人带来了帮助和希望。set up一般现在时态的主动语态的结构， is set up一般现在时态的被动语态的结构， was set up一般过去时态的被动语态的结构， will be set up一般将来时态的被动语态的结构，根据it和set up之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A；根据18 years ago可知是一般过去时态；故选C。
【点睛】被动语态的各个时态。1）一般现在时态的 am /is are+done，例如：I am asked to study hard by my mother. 2）一般过去时态的 were/was+done,例如：A new shop was built last year. 3) 现在完成时态的 have/has been+done 例如：This book has been translated into Chiese. 4) 一般将来时态的 will be+ done, 例如：Many trees will be planted next year. 5)现在进行时态的 am/is/are+being+done， 例如：My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
13. Read the following text. What kind of way is used to organize the idea?
I like reading Treasure Island and I’ve learned a lot from it: Jim, the main character in the book, is very brave. His story gave me lots of confidence. After reading the book, I’m willing to try new things. I also decide to learn to write my own stories.
A. Time order. B. Space order. C. Specific to general. D. General to specific.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：阅读以下文本。用什么样的方式来构思的？
我喜欢读《金银岛》，从中我学到了很多东西：书中的主人公吉姆非常勇敢。他的故事给了我很大的信心。读完这本书后，我愿意尝试新事物。我还决定学习写自己的故事。
考查写作手法。Time order时间顺序；Space order空间顺序；Specific to general具体到一般；General to specific从一般到具体。根据文本理解可知，先介绍自己学到的东西，最后阐述自己的决定。所以应该是从一般到具体。故选D。
14. — It is Eileen Gu’s hard work that leads to her two gold medals at the Beijing Winter Olympics.
— Exactly! ________.
A. Every dog has its day B. No pain, no gain
C. It never rains but it pours D. Burn candles at both ends
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——正是谷爱凌努力使她在北京冬奥会上获得了两枚金牌。——正是如此！一份耕耘一分收获。
考查谚语。Every dog has its day凡人皆有得意时；No pain, no gain一分耕耘一分收获；It never rains but it pours祸不单行；Burn candles at both ends两端点蜡烛。根据“It is Eileen Gu’s hard work that leads to her two gold medals at the Beijing Winter Olympics.”可知，此处用“一分耕耘一分收获”符合语境。故选B。
15. —Suzy, it’s bad manners to cut in on others!
—________. I will never do it again.
A. Come on B. With pleasure C. I’ve got it D. Take it easy
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——苏西，打断别人说话是不礼貌的！——我明白了。我不会再打断别人的话了。
考查情景交际。Come on加油；With pleasure乐意；I’ve got it我明白了；Take it easy放轻松。根据下文“I will never do it again.”可知，我不会再打断别人的话了，我明白了。故选C。
二、完形填空（共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分）
“I don’t want to go, Miss White. I’m frightened, very frightened,” Monica told her teacher.
Monica was a very ____16____ girl. She always sat at the back of the classroom, reading or taking notes. Every Monday morning, there would be a special show in her class and one student would be ____17____ to make a speech about his or her dream. Miss White hoped that Monica could have a try the next week. But she ____18____.
“I know that it seems difficult for you, but it will help you build up your ____19____,” said Miss White. Monica was lost in thought.
The next day, Monica came to Miss White’s office. Miss White was pleased that she would take the chance. Miss White red-penciled her manuscript of speech, corrected her pronunciation, and ____20____ helped with her body language. She advised Monica to practice, to imagine that she was speaking in front of her class. For a whole week, Monica practiced speaking in front of her imaginary friends and teacher. Behind the locked door of her bedroom, she told them about her ____21____.
Finally, Monday arrived. When Monica was called upon to give her speech, she stood up and walked to the front of the class without any notes, in a show of confidence. Monica’s ____22____ performance brought everyone a great surprise. The whole class clapped for a full minute ____23____ she completed her speech. Miss White smiled. She had known that Monica would make it when she bravely took her first ____24____ to overcome her fear of speaking in public.
From that day, Monica’s life changed for the _____25_____. At the age of 23, she became a news reader. People who see her on television now will find it hard to believe that she was once a that shy girl.
16. A. helpful B. helpless C. active D. inactive
17. A. warned B. formed C. caught D. picked
18. A. supported B. improved C. refused D. obeyed
19. A. confidence B. resource C. expression D. discussion
20. A. just B. even C. still D. only
21. A. power B. advice C. change D. dream
22. A. careful B. useful C. successful D. meaningful
23. A. before B. when C. until D. though
24. A. step B. prize C. case D. detail
25. A. more B. less C. better D. worse
【答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了莫妮卡是一个拒绝在课堂上说话的害羞的内向的女孩儿，在老师的帮助下，克服胆怯心理最终走向成功，并且成为了电视台上的一名新闻播报员的故事。
【16题详解】
句意：莫妮卡是一个非常沉默寡言的女孩。
helpful有用的；helpless无助的；active活跃的；inactive不活跃的。根据“She always sat at the back of the classroom, reading or taking notes.”可知，莫妮卡是一个不活跃的女孩。故选D。
【17题详解】
句意：每周一早上，她的班上都会有一场特别节目，会挑选一名学生就自己的梦想发表演讲。
warned警告；formed形成；caught抓住；picked挑选。根据“to make a speech about his or her dream.”可知，这里是挑选一名学生就自己梦想发表演讲。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：但她拒绝了。
supported支持；improved改进；refused拒绝；obeyed遵守。根据““I don’t want to go, Miss White. I’m frightened, very frightened,” Monica told her teacher.”及but判断，应该是她拒绝了演讲。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：“我知道这对你来说似乎很难，但它会帮助你建立信心，”怀特老师说。
confidence信心；resource资源；expression表达；discussion讨论。根据“build up your”可知，这里应该是建立信心。故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：怀特老师用红笔修改了她的演讲稿，纠正了她的发音，甚至帮助她学习肢体语言。
just只是；even甚至；still仍然；only仅仅。根据“corrected her pronunciation, and…helped with her body language.”可知，这里是强调动词help因此用even来强调。故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：整整一个星期，莫妮卡在她想象中的朋友和老师面前练习说话，她把自己的梦想告诉了他们。
power权力；advice建议；change改变；dream梦想。根据“make a speech about his or her dream.”可知，这里是谈论自己的梦想。故选D。
【22题详解】
句意：莫妮卡的成功表演给大家带来了巨大的惊喜。
careful仔细的；useful有用的；successful成功的；meaningful有意义的。根据“brought everyone a great surprise.”判断，应该是莫妮卡的表演成功了。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：当她完成演讲时，全班同学鼓掌整整一分钟。
before之前；when当……时候；until直到；though虽然。根据“she completed her speech.”可知，这里是由when引导的时间状语从句。故选B。
【24题详解】
句意：她知道，当莫妮卡勇敢地迈出第一步，克服害怕在公共场合讲话的恐惧时，她会成功的。
step一步；prize奖品；case实例；detail细节。根据“when she bravely took her first…to overcome her fear of speaking in public.”可知，这里指莫妮卡勇敢地迈出了第一步。故选A。
【25题详解】
句意：从那天起，莫妮卡的生活变得更好了。
more更多；less较少的；better较好的；worse更糟的。根据“At the age of 23, she became a news reader.”判断，莫妮卡的生活应该是变得更好了。故选C。
三．阅读理解（共10小题. 每小题1分, 满分10分）
A
26. If you want to make a donation to OXFAM, you can ________.
A. call them on 0300 300 1300 B. donate your money online
C. email at oxfam@yahoo. com D. send your money to Oxfam House
27. Tom decides to donate ￡50, he could ________.
A. plant allotments for 2 families B. provide a family with 5 goats
C. plant allotments for 5 families D. provide clean water for 100 people
28. The reading material above is ________.
A. a letter B. a diary C. a survey D. a web page
【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要讲述了一家慈善机构呼吁人们捐款。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“Donate online”可知，如果你想捐赠给OXFAM，你可以进行网上捐赠。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三幅图片中“£250，could plant allotments for 10 families.”可知捐赠250欧元可以给10个家庭种植土地，Tom捐赠50欧元，就可以给2个家庭种植土地。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要是一个慈善机构呼吁人们捐款的信息，因此这则材料主要是在网页上出现。故选D。
B
“Children”, said Miss Ross, “This is our recycling box. When it is full, we’ll take it to the recycling centre.”
Tony washed lots of jars and put them in the box. Franca asked her Mum for all their old newspapers. Mani brought lots of old soft drink cans Rosila collected cardboard tubes. Everyone brought something.
Soon, the box was full. “Put the box outside the door please,” said Miss Rossi, “Tomorrow we’ll take it to the recycling centre.”
Later, Mrs. Haddad walked past the box and saw all the clean, empty jars. “Those would be perfect for the art room,” she thought to herself.
Mrs. Walker saw the soft drink cans and said. “That’s what we need for our science class.”
Miss Nguven looked in the box and said. “Old newspapers! Just what I need to put in my compost bin at home.”
“Cardboard tubes” said Mr. Taylor, “I need some of those.”
When the children came in the next morning, their recycling box was empty!
“How extraordinary,” said Miss Rossi. “I wonder what happened to all our things? Oh, well, it looks as if we’ll have to start again!”
29. Everyone brought something. What does this sentence do?
A. It begins a list. B. It finishes a list.
C. It shows a new idea. D. It joins two ideas together.
30. Why was the recycling box empty the next morning?
A. The teachers had taken the things to use themselves.
B. Miss Rossi had given the things to the other teachers.
C. The cleaners had emptied the box into the recycling bin.
D. The children had taken the things to the recycling centre.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Fun Day B. Interesting Teachers C. Hard-working Children D. The Recycling Box
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了罗斯小姐让孩子们收集一些可回收的东西放进回收箱里，当它装满了，就可以拿到回收中心，不久，孩子们都装满了回收箱，老师们看见回收箱里的东西，把它们带走再次使用，孩子们认为这很神奇。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Tony washed ... collected cardboard tubes.”可知，每个人都在回收箱里放了一些回收物品，也就是完成了一张清单。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四、五、六、七段的内容“Later, Mrs Haddad walked past the box and saw all the clean, empty jars ... I need some of those.”可推断出，这些物品都被老师们拿来再次使用了，因此回收箱空了。故选A。
【31题详解】
标题归纳题。根据第一段“This is our recycling box. When it is full, we’ll take it to the recycling centre.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要是讲孩子们将收集的一些物品放入一个回收箱盒子，因此最佳标题为回收箱。故选D。
C
While visiting the UK, you’ll find how good British people are at waiting, specially in queues.
Everywhere in the UK, it’s common to see queues. People wait in long lines at bus stops, in shops and in cinemas,
Speaking to BBC News, Bate Bradley, a lecture at the University of Kent, said that queuing in the UK isn’t just about showing good will toward other people. British people like everything to be in perfect order, so being shouted at for skipping ahead of someone in a line is something that most Brits try to avoid.
The British love of queuing goes back to World War II. Because of wartime rationing, people had to wait in line to get something important in a shop, specially food. The government at the time was worried that trouble and disorder would happen. If that happened, people would not get food from a shop in time. So, it made a point of telling people that queuing was polite and a British thing to do. And that message is still alive today.
There’s probably only one factor that will make a Briton’s willingness to stand patiently in line different—the weather. It can change quickly in the UK. One minute it can be fine, and the next it can be wet and windy. If people are queuing in bad weather, their main hope is that the bus arrives soon, or that the people in front of them will give up and decide to leave.
If someone decides to break queuing rules in bad weather, tensions can become very high indeed. This is because most British people will certainly speak up and tell the queue-jumper to get to the back of the line.
But if the weather is good, queuing can be fun. When people are waiting, they may be excited about the thing they’re waiting for. There’s an air of expectation when people are standing in line for a pop film, for example. This can make queuing for something a very enjoyable experience.
32. Why are most British people willing to wait in line?
A. They are told to do so by local government. B. They really like doing things in good order.
C. They think it is a good way to make friends. D. They expect to show good manners to others.
33. If someone pushes in before others, what will probably happen?
A. He or she will be punished or fined.
B. He or she will be asked to queue again.
C. He or she will be accepted though it’s impolite.
D. He or she will not be allowed to join the queue again.
34. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A. The food. B. The shop. C. The message. D. The government.
35. This passage mainly talks about ________.
A. why the British government wanted people to queue
B. why people in the UK enjoy queuing in public places
C. why British people don’t like queuing in bad weather
D. why people in the UK think queuing is always great fun
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了英国人排队等候习惯的起源以及英国人喜欢排队等候的原因。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“British people like everything to be in perfect order...”可知，大多数英国人愿意排队等候的原因是他们喜欢一切完美有序。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“This is because most British people will certainly speak up and tell the queue-jumper to get to the back of the line.”可知，如果有人插队，大多数英国人会大声说出来并告诉插队的人到队伍的后面去，故插队的人要重新排队。故选B。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“The government at the time was worried that trouble and disorder would happen. If that happened...”可知，政府担心麻烦和混乱会发生，所以为了预防这种事情的发生，政府特意告诉人们排队是礼貌的。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了英国人排队等候习惯的起源以及英国人喜欢排队等候的原因。故选B。
四、填空（共 20小题、每空1分, 满分20分）
A）根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词, 使句子意思宪整正。
36. —Peter, this photo was taken in December. Why were you wearing a T-shirt then?
—It was in Australia. Seasons there are the ________ (相反的) of those in China.
【答案】opposite
【解析】
【详解】句意：——彼得，这张照片是在12月拍的。为什么你那时穿着T恤？——这是在澳大利亚。那里的季节跟中国的相反。the后接名词，“对立面”英文表达为“opposite”。故填opposite。
37. Scientists say that music makes our brain “feel happy” and that it ________（解释）the importance of music in cultures all over the world.
【答案】explains
【解析】
【详解】句意：科学家们说音乐让我们的大脑“感到快乐”，这也解释了音乐在全世界文化中的重要性。此句宾语是and连接的两个宾语从句，这两个宾语从句的时态应一致，前句“that music makes…”时态为一般现在时，可知此句时态用一般现在时，由主语it可知谓语动词用三单形式。explain“解释”，三单形式是explains，故填explains。
38. The company is doing a ________（项目）to develop a substitute for coal.
【答案】project
【解析】
【详解】句意：这家公司正在做一个开发煤的替代品的项目。 根据中文提示可知，project表示“项目”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填project。
39. In 2016, he was sent abroad to study ________ (医学), and returned to the country five years later with a doctoral degree.
【答案】medicine
【解析】
【详解】句意：2016年，他被派往国外学习医学，五年后，他以博士学位回国。medicine“医学”，不可数名词，故填medicine。
40. Students should be taught to spend both time and money ________（明智地）.
【答案】wisely
【解析】
【详解】句意：学生们应该被教会要明智地花费时间和金钱。根据句意和所给提示汉语意思，可知空格处用副词修饰动词，wisely，副词，“明智地”。故填wisely。
B）根据句子意思, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
41. There are many fantastic castles in this old ________(Europe) country.
【答案】European
【解析】
【详解】句意：在这个古老的欧洲国家有很多奇妙的城堡。根据句意和所给词汇可知，空处应填形容词，“Europe”“欧洲”的形容词形式是“European”“欧洲的”。故填European。
42. —Do you know all the ________ (guest) names, Daniel?
—Sure. They are my best friends.
【答案】guests’
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你知道所有客人的名字吗，丹尼尔？——当然。 他们是我最好的朋友。由“all”可知，此处要用名词复数；再由“ names”可知，此处要用名词所有格修饰；guest“客人”，其复数名词所有格为guests’，故填guests’。
43. It’s said that more laws will be made to prevent ________ (pollute) in Switzerland.
【答案】pollution
【解析】
【详解】句意：据说瑞士将制定更多的法律来防止污染。分析句子可知，空格处作宾语，用名词形式，pollute“污染”，动词，其名词形式是pollution“污染，污染物”，不可数名词，故填pollution。
44. You’d better go to bed now. Staying up late is ________ (harm) to your health.
【答案】harmful
【解析】
【详解】句意：现在你最好去睡觉。熬夜很晚对你的健康有害。harm“伤害”，是动词或名词，作为系动词is的表语，用形容词，be harmful to“对……有害”，故填harmful。
45. The publishing house says this book ________(translate) into Italian next year.
【答案】will be translated
【解析】
【详解】句意：出版社说这本书明年将译成意大利语。根据“next year”可知，应该使用一般将来时，根据“the book”和“translate”之间构成被动，所以应该使用一般将来时被动语态。故填：will be translated。
C）句型转换、每空一词。
46. Gulliver has been on the beach since two hours ago. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ has Gulliver been on the beach?
【答案】 ①. How ②. long
【解析】
【详解】句意：格利佛自从两个小时前就就在海滩上了。划线部分“since two hours ago.”是一段时间，特殊疑问句中对一段时间提问，用how long，位于句首，首字母大写。故填How；long。
47. The young boy was very clever. He expressed himself clearly. （合并为一句）
The young boy was ________ ________ to express himself clearly.
【答案】 ①. clever ②. enough
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个小男孩很聪明。他表达得很清楚。本句可表示“男孩足够聪明，可以清楚地表达自己”，clever enough to do sth“足够聪明做某事”，故填clever；enough。
48. The secretary warned his boss not to risk losing everything. （对划钱部分提问）
________ did the secretary ________ his boss not to do?
【答案】 ①. What ②. warn
【解析】
【详解】句意：秘书警告他的老板不要冒失去一切的风险。根据要求是对划线部分提问，且划线部分为“某事”，所以特殊疑问词应该使用“what”，位于句首，首字母应该大写，其余部分应该改为一般疑问句，“did”提前，“warned”改为原形。故填What；warn。
49. Amy often raises money for charities. She is helpful. （合并为一句）
It is ________ ________ Amy to raise money for charities.
【答案】 ①. helpful ②. of
【解析】
【详解】句意：艾米经常为慈善机构筹款。她乐于助人。题目要求合并为一句，此处使用句型“It’s adj. of sb to do sth”表示“某人做某事是怎么样的”，helpful“乐于助人的”，说明人品质的形容词。故填helpful；of。
50. I often see some volunteers hand out leaflets to make people know more about UNICEF. （改为被动语态）
Some volunteers are often ________ ________ hand out leaflets to make people know more about UNICEF.
【答案】 ①. seen ②. to
【解析】
【详解】句意：我经常看到一些志愿者分发传单，让人们更多地了解联合国儿童基金会。根据要求可知，志愿者们被看见分发传单，“be seen to do sth.”意为“被看见做某事”。故填seen；to。
D）根据所给汉语提示完成句子, 每空词数不限。
51. Rose 是中国通, 她和邻居们交流起来不费力。
Rose is an old China hand. She has _________________________ her neighbors in Chinese.
【答案】no trouble communicating with
【解析】
【详解】have no trouble doing sth“做某事不费力”，communicate with“和……交流”，故填no trouble communicating with。
52. 他与我握手寒暄后离开了。
He _________________________ and passed the time of day and then left.
【答案】shook my hand
【解析】
【详解】shake one’s hand意为“握手”，根据情境可知，one’s应该是“my”，根据“and then left”可知，应该使用过去时，shake的过去式为“shook”。故填shook my hand。
53. 对这些幸存者来说，不轻易放弃很重要。
It is important for these survivors _________________________.
【答案】not to give up easily
【解析】
【详解】空格处表达“不轻易放弃”；句型为“it is+adj+for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是怎样的”，故空格处应为动词不定式的否定形式“not to do”，give up“放弃”，easily“轻易地”。故填not to give up easily。
54. 昨天，这位病人在这家医院做了胃部手术。
The stomach operation of this patient ________ ________ ________ in this hospital yesterday.
【答案】 ①. was ②. operated ③. on
【解析】
【详解】由英汉对照可知，空格处填“做了（胃部）手术”，operate on“给……做手术”。分析句子可知，此句主语“The stomach operation of this patient”和谓语“operate on”是被动关系，应用被动语态，由时间状语“yesterday”可知此句时态为一般过去时，即此句是一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was；operated；on。
55. 你已经下定决心继续开展研究了吗?
Have you already made _________________________ with the research?
【答案】up your mind to carry on
【解析】
【详解】“make up one’s mind to do sth”意为“决定做某事”，主语为“you”，“one’s”应该使用“your”，“carry on with”意为“继续开展某事”。故填：up your mind to carry on。
五、阅读填空（共 20小题, 每小题1分, 满分 20分）
A
任务型阅读，注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Most of us have never thought about building an educational toy by ourselves. If we need a learning toy or something, we simply go to the nearest store and buy it. However, things are not as easy in third world countries. With families even having no food to put on the table, they will never think about buying educational toys.
So how can one get these kids interested in science? This was a question that worried the Indian engineer Arvind Gupta so much that he decided to give up a good job and spend his life making toys from trash, things that people no longer want or need!
Mr Gupta began teaching in the 1970s. While still an engineering student at the Indian College of Technology, he volunteered to teach the children who were too poor to go to school. Upon graduation（毕业）, he found a good job at India’s Tata Motors and spent the next five years designing cars.
But he soon realized that this was not something he wanted to do for the rest of his life. He thought he needed to receive some training, so he took a year’s training course and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program which was to make science fun and exciting for poor children using available materials.
Mr Gupta found the whole project so satisfying that he decided to leave his high paying job and focus his attention on designing educational toys that were not only cheap and easy to build, but also full of scientific principles（科学原理）, so that children could get interested in this interesting subject.
When the Internet started becoming a more widespread learning tool, Mr Gupta created a toys from Trash website and also recorded over 250 YouTube videos.
Today, over 50,000 children and teachers visit the website daily to download the videos for the toy creations based on cool science. Some young children have become so inspired（鼓舞） that they have even won international science competitions.
____56____ for making them
●Most people never think about building educational toys.
●Usually people go to a store to buy educational toys in need.
●To some poor families, buying educational toys is the ____57____ thing on the parents’ minds.
About Gupta
●He volunteered to teach the children who could hardly ____58____ to go to school when he was a student at college.
●It ____59____ him five years to design cars at India’s Tata Motors after leaving college.
●He thought it ____60____ to get some training so he took a year’s training course.
●He took part in a program. Its ____61____ was to make science interesting and exciting for poor children using available materials.
●He ____62____ his good job and devoted his life to making special toys.
About the website
●Toys from Trash is a website with over 250 YouTube videos.
● The website is ____63____ by many children and teachers daily.
● With the ____64____ of the website, children have chances to take part in international science competitions and win some prizes.
Conclusion
What Mr Gupta does has made a big ______65______ to some poor children.
【答案】56. Reasons
57. impossible
58. afford 59. took
60. necessary
61. purpose
62. left 63. visited
64. help 65. difference
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了许多来自贫困的家庭孩子们没有益智玩具，有一名印度工程师 Arvind Gupta上大学时志愿教来自贫困家庭的孩子们。后来辞掉工作去为贫困孩子设计制造玩具，创作一个Trash网站，教孩子自己做玩具，现在许多孩子访问这个网站，他们观看来自YouTube上视频创作玩具。
【56题详解】
根据右侧“Most people never think about building educational toys. Usually people go to a store to buy educational toys in need.To some poor families, buying educational toys is the … thing on the parents’ minds.”可知，这三点介绍了做益智类网站的原因，所以应该使用“reason”，且应该使用复数，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Reasons。
【57题详解】
根据第一段中“With families even having no food to put on the table, they will never think about buying educational toys.”可知，对于家庭贫困的，买益智类的玩具是不可能的事情，修饰名词用形容词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。
【58题详解】
根据第三段中“While still an engineering student at the Indian College of Technology, he volunteered to teach the children who were too poor to go to school.”可知，他志愿教上不起学的孩子，“can’t afford to do sth”意为“不能支付做某事”。故填afford。
【59题详解】
根据第三段中“Upon graduation（毕业）, he found a good job at India’s Tata Motors and spent the next five years designing cars.”可知，毕业后，花了他五年的时间设计汽车，“it takes sb some time to do sth”意为“花了某人多长时间做某事”，根据情境为一般过去时。故填took。
【60题详解】
根据第四段中“He thought he needed to receive some training, so he took a year’s training course and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program…”可知，他觉得接受培训是有必要的，“think it necessary to do sth”意为“觉得做某事有必要”。故填necessary。
【61题详解】
根据第四段中“…to make science fun and exciting for poor children using available materials”可知，他参加培训目的是为了使科学有趣；根据“Its”可知，后接名词“目的purpose”。故填purpose。
【62题详解】
根据第五段中“Mr Gupta found the whole project so satisfying that he decided to leave his high paying job and focus his attention on designing educational toys …”可知，Mr Gupta辞去工作是为了专心做玩具，根据情境为一般过去时，应该使用“leave”的过去式“left”。故填left。
【63题详解】
根据最后一段中“Today, over 50,000 children and teachers visit the website daily to download the videos for the toy creations based on cool science.”可知，每天有许多孩子和老师访问此网站，主语为“The website”，和“visit”之间构成被动，故此处用过去分词。故填visited。
【64题详解】
根据最后一句“Some young children have become so inspired（鼓舞） that they have even won international science competitions.”可知，许多孩子在网站的帮助之下，在比赛中获了奖，“with the help of …”意为“在……帮助之下”。故填help。
【65题详解】
根据文中理解可知，Mr Gupta的行为对贫困孩子产生了重大的影响，“make a big difference to …”意为“对……产生重大影响”。故填difference。
B
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Today, people can turn on their televisions and watch the Olympics every two years, alternating between summer and winter games. The world’s best athletes t____66____ hard before the games and hope to win a gold, silver, or bronze medal.
However, the first Olympics was quite different from t____67____ Olympic Games. Held in 776 BC at Olympia, in ancient Greece, the games honored the Greek god Zeus. The competition was a c____68____ for athletes to bring honor to their city-states, just as athletes bring honor to their countries nowadays. However, in ancient Greece, only men were allowed to participate.
For 13 years, the ancient Olympics had just one event, a running race. Gradually, the games expanded to i____69____ sports such as chariot and horse racing, boxing, and the pentathlon. The pentathlon i____70____ is made up of five different events: running, wrestling, jumping, throwing a discus, and throwing a javelin.
The ancient Greek Olympics e____71____ around 395 BC and weren’t played again for over 2, 200 years. Finally, in 1894, a Frenchman named Pierre de Coubertin decided to bring the games back. The games were held in 1896 and included nine events. Today’s Olympics include even more sports, such as soccer and skiing, and are now s____72____ into the Summer and Winter Olympics. Cities around the world take turns hosting the Olympics.
W____73____ stopped for seven days before and seven days after the ancient Olympics so that athletes could travel safely to the games. In a s____74____ way, many believe that today’s Olympic Games create goodwill, as nations exhibit strength through competitive sports rather than through battle.
The Paralympics are held every Olympic year. To be in the games, athletes must have a disability. Some don’t have arms or legs. Some have poor balance. Some are in wheelchairs. Some others are b____75____ . The great thing about these games is not the attention to their disability but their skills.
【答案】66. (t)rain
67. (t)oday’s
68. (c)hance
69. (i)nclude
70. (i)tself
71. (e)nded
72. (s)eparated
73. (W)ars 74. (s)imilar
75. (b)lind
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是奥运会的历史和古代奥运会与现代奥运会的区别。
【66题详解】
句意：世界上最好的运动员们在比赛前努力训练并且希望赢得金牌，银牌和铜牌。分析句子结构可知此处应填一个谓语动词，结合首字母提示及“and hope to win a gold, silver, or bronze medal.”可知这里说的是运动员们努力训练并希望赢得奖牌，并且时态应是一般现在时；又因主语athletes是复数，所以谓语动词用原形，故空处应是train“训练”，动词。故填(t)rain。
【67题详解】
句意：然而，第一届奥林匹克运动会与现代的奥林匹克运动会很不一样。根据首字母提示及“However, the first Olympics was quite different ...”可知此处讲的是古代奥运和现代奥运会的区别；应填today’s“今天的”，故填(t)oday’s。
【68题详解】
句意：比赛是运动员们为他们的城邦争光的机会，就像当今运动员为自己国家争光一样。根据首字母提示及空后“just as athletes bring honor to their countries nowadays. ”可知此处应指奥林匹克比赛给运动员们提供了为他们城市争光的机会，故空处应是chance“机会”，名词；根据空前的冠词a，可知此处为可数名词单数。故填(c)hance。
【69题详解】
句意：渐渐地，奥运会项目扩大到包括马车赛，赛马，拳击和五项全能等项目。根据首字母提示及“such as chariot and horse racing, boxing, and the pentathlon.”可知此处应指奥运会包括的项目，故空处应是include“包括”，动词；分析句子结构可知，空前有不定式符号to，故填动词原形。故填(i)nclude。
【70题详解】
句意：五项全能由五个不同的项目组成：疾跑，摔跤，跳远，铁饼和标枪。根据首字母提示及句子结构可知，此处应是反身代词作“The pentathlon”的同位语，故空处应是itself“它自己”，反身代词。故填(i)tself。
【71题详解】
句意：古希腊奥运会在公元前395年左右结束，并且在2200多年的时间里再也没有举行过。根据首字母提示及“and weren’t played again for over 2, 200 years.”可知本句是一般过去式，且此处指奥运会结束的时间，故空处应填end“结束”，动词。故填(e)nded。
【72题详解】
句意：现代奥运会包括更多的运动项目，如足球和滑雪，并且分为夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。根据首字母提示及空后“...the Summer and Winter Olympics.”可知空处是指现代奥运会分为了夏季和冬季奥运会，故空处应填separate“使分开”，动词；分析句子结构可知此处是被动语态，其结构为be+done。故填(s)eparated。
【73题详解】
句意：在古代奥运会之前和之后的七天，战争会停止，以便运动员能够安全前往奥运会。根据首字母提示及“so that athletes could travel safely to the games. ”可知，此处指战争停止，故空处应填war“战争”，可数名词；其前没有任何冠词或限定词修饰，故用名词复数形式。故填(W)ars。
【74题详解】
句意：同样，许多人认为现代奥运会创造了友善，因为各国通过体育竞技而不是战斗来展示实力。根据首字母提示及前一句“so that athletes could travel safely to the games. ”和“as nations exhibit strength through...”可知，此处讲的是古代和现代奥运会的类似之处，故空处应填similar“相似的”，形容词。故填(s)imilar。
【75题详解】
句意：有些人是盲人。根据首字母提示及前一句“Some are in wheelchairs.”可知此处指盲人，故空处应填blind“失明的”，形容词。故填(b)lind。
六、书面麦达（满分10分）
76. 假如你是来自英国某中学的交换生 Martina，你在学校的告示栏中看到了某慈善组织招聘暑期志愿者的海报，很想参加。请针对招募条件写一封英文申请信，井给出至少两点你能胜任该活动的理由。
注意∶
1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
3. 词数80左右，申请信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
SERVING WITH SMILES!
※ WHO CAN JOIN? Aged 12 and above
※ WHEN? Sundays, 8—10 a. m. , in August
※ WHAT? Visit and clean an elderly man’s home
※ WHAT IS SWS?
SERVNG WITH SMLES(SWS) is an organization that allows teenagers to take part in social activities.
※FOR MORE INEORMATION:
Email us at: sws@yahoo com or Call Jen Paulson on 88787676 with questions.
Dear Chairperson,
I would like to be a volunteer in Serving With Smiles.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You can call me at 83587693 or email me at martina@163. com.
Yours sincerely,
Martina
【答案】例文
Dear Chairperson,
I would like to be a volunteer in Serving With Smiles.
First, let me introduce myself. My name is Martina. I am a 16-year-old boy in Grade 9. I think I am free in July and August, so I can take part in this activity in summer.
I would like to be a member of your organization. I am kind and helpful. Moreover, I am patient enough to work with others. I often help others in my spare time without getting angry. I can also tell funny jokes. In my opinion, it’s very meaningful to chat with others, especially the elderly. I think they are just like my grandparents. And I can bring them a lot of happiness.
I will be very happy if I can become a member of SWS. You can call me at 83587693 or email me at martina@163. com.
Yours sincerely,
Martina
【解析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信作文。写一封想要参加志愿者的申请信。
2.写作指导：本文采用一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。分为四段式：第一段和最后一段已给出；第二段介绍自己的个人信息；第三段介绍自己成为一名志愿者的条件。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。
南京建邺区金陵河西&南师附中新城中学
2021—2022学年度第二学期质量监测八年级英语
听力部分（共15分）
第一部分∶听对话, 回答问题。（共10小题, 每小题0. 5分, 满分5分）
本部分共 10道小题, 每小题你将听到一段对话, 每段对话听两遍。在听每段对话前, 你将有5秒钟的时间阅读题目, 听完后, 你仍有5秒钟的作答时间。
1. Which sign do they see?
A. B. C.
2. Which charity are the two speakers talking about?
A. B. C.
3. How does Jane go to work every day?
A. B. C.
4. What place of interest does the man want to visit?
A. B. C.
5. How long does Li Lei do his homework every evening?
A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours.
6. What has the man done?
A. Some cooking. B. Some cleaning. C. Some shopping.
7. Where are they speaking?
A. At home. B. In the library. C. In the reading room.
8. How much will the woman pay for a double room on Tuesday?
A. $ 60. B. $ 32. C. $ 16.
9. What will the weather be like this week?
A. Hot and wet. B. Hot and dry. C. Cold and wet.
10. What are they going to do this evening?
A. To go to the theatre. B. To listen to the pop music. C. To listen to concert on the radio.
第二部分∶听对话和短文回答问题。（共10小题，计10分）
你将听到一段对话和两篇短文。听每段对话和短文前, 你将有时间阅读相关小题，听完后, 每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话和短文读两遍。
听第一段对话, 回答第11~12小题。
11. What is Jim doing?
A. Watching a movie. B. Keeping the photos. C. Looking at some photos.
12. How long did John and his classmates stay in the village?
A. One week. B. Three days. C. Four days.
听第一篇短文, 回答第13~15小题。
请根据所听内容, 选择正确答案, 完成信息记录表。
A few tips to help you be happier
First
Enjoy the simple things, such as reading a good book, listening to music or spending time with 13 .
Another
Be 14 , such as doing sports.
Finally
Help others, such as helping friends or the elderly, or 15 .
13. A. family members B. nice classmates C. close friends
14. A. active B. brave C. patient
15. A. donating money B. playing sports C. doing housework
听第二篇短文, 回答第16至20小题。
16. Where did Mr. Benn live?
A. In a small village. B. On a quiet farm. C. In a noisy town.
17. Why couldn’t the neighbors get any sleep?
A. Mr. Benn made too much noise.
B. They liked listening to loud music
C. They watched TV with Mr. Benn all night
18 How did the neighbors feel about what Mr. Benn did?
A. Bored. B. Excited. C. Worried.
19. When did Mr. Benn realize he was wrong?
A. Before he went to the meeting.
B. After he was unable to open his door.
C. When he saw his neighbors collecting the rubbish.
20. What did Mr. Benn promise to do?
A. Listen to soft music. B. Change his bad daily habits. C. Put the rubbish outside his door.
笔试部分（共85分）
一、单项填空（共15小题, 每小题1分, 满分15分）
1. This piece of music has a lasting value though it was made up all ________ accident.
A. of B. on C. by D. to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这首音乐虽然纯属偶然，却具有持久的价值。
考查介词辨析。of……的；on在……上面；by通过；to到。根据“though”可知，这首音乐是偶然被创作出来的，by accident“偶然地”，是固定搭配。故选C。
2. She is one of the greatest ________ scientists in the world.
A. living B. alive C. lives D. lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：她是世界上在世最伟大的科学家之一。
考查形容词作定语。living活着的，形容词；alive活着的，形容词；lives生命（life的复数），名词；lived居住（live的过去式），动词。根据“scientists”是名词可知，前要用形容词修饰，alive通常作表语，不作定语修饰名词，只能用living。故选A。
3. A sudden stop can be an unpleasant experience, ________ if you are travelling at high speed.
A. naturally B. properly C. equally D. especially
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：突然停车可能是一种不愉快的经历，特别是如果你正在高速行驶的话。
考查副词辨析。naturally自然地；properly正确地；equally平均地；especially尤其，特别。结合句意，强调正在高速行驶的时候遇到突然停车，用副词especially，故选D。
4. From the following pictures, we know that ________.
A. the boy can skate on the ice as it is thick enough
B. the boy can skate on the ice as there is enough ice
C. the boy can’t skate on the ice as it isn’t thick enough
D. the boy can’t skate on the ice as there isn’t enough ice
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：从下面的图片中，我们知道这个男孩不能在冰上滑冰，因为冰不够厚。
考查常识。the boy can skate on the ice as it is thick enough这男孩能在冰上溜冰，因为冰够厚；the boy can skate on the ice as there is enough ice因为有足够的冰，这个男孩可以在冰上溜冰；the boy can’t skate on the ice as it isn’t thick enough这男孩不能在冰上溜冰，因为冰不够厚；the boy can’t skate on the ice as there isn’t enough ice这个男孩不能在冰上滑冰，因为冰不够。根据图片内容可知，男孩扔了一块石头试探冰够不够厚，最后冰砸出一个水洞，说明冰不足够厚不能滑冰，故选C。
5. —People are asked to wear breathing masks in public places again.
—That’s it. The habit has ________ the possibility of catching COVID-19 viruses.
A reduced B. produced C. realized D. treated
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——人们再次被要求在公共场所戴口罩。——就是这样。这种习惯降低了感染COVID-19病毒的可能性。
考查动词。reduced减少；produced产生；realized意识到；treated对待。根据“People are asked to wear breathing masks in public places again.”可知，人们在公共场合戴口罩，可以降低感染COVID-19病毒的可能性，故选A。
6. —Simon, we can save energy by riding shared bicycles.
—That’s true. ________, using air conditioners less is also a good way.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Anyway D. Moreover
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——Simon，我们可以通过骑共享自行车来节约能源。——那确实。而且，少用空调也是一个好办法。
考查副词辨析。however然而；otherwise否则；anyway无论如何；moreover而且。根据“we can save energy by riding shared bicycles”及“ using air conditioners less is also a good way”可知，下文是补充上文节省能源还有哪种方法，空处填moreover符合语境，故选D。
7. — The oil on the earth will ________ one day.
—I think so. We should make good use of it.
A. turn off B. use up C. depend on D. run out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——有一天地球上的石油会用尽。——我认为是这样。我们应该充分利用它。
考查词组词义辨析。turn off关掉；use up用完；耗尽（及物动词短语，后面需要加宾语或用被动语态）；depend on依靠，依赖；run out 用完，耗尽（不及物动词短语，后面无需加宾语）。根据“The oil on the earth will…one day.”可知，石油会用尽，句中横线后没有宾语。故选D。
8. In China, most people won’t push past you if you are ________. They will wait until you move away.
A. in some ways B. in the way C. on the way D. by the way
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：在中国，如果你挡道，大多数人不会推开你。他们会一直等到你移开。
考查介词短语。in some ways在某些方面；in the way挡道；on the way在路上；by the way顺便说一句。根据“They will wait until you move away.”可知，此处指挡道时大多数人的行为，in the way符合语境。故选B。
9. — Jim, turn down the music. The baby is sleeping.
— Don’t worry. He ________ for half an hour.
A. woke up B. has woken up C. was awake D. has been awake
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——吉姆，调低一点音乐。小孩子正在睡觉。——不要担心。他已经醒了半小时了。
考查时态。wake up醒来；awake醒着的。根据时间状语“for half an hour”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示动作状态的持续，用be wake。故选D。
10. It’s not ________ him to help these children with intellectual disabilities because he has received little training so far.
A. simple for B. simple of C. hard for D. hard of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：对他来说，帮助这些智力残疾的孩子并不简单，因为到目前为止，他几乎没有接受过培训。
考查固定句型和形容词辨析。simple 简单的，容易的；hard困难的。 It’s adj. for sb. to do sth. 表示做某事对某人来说很……，这里的形容词表示做某事的属性；It is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth.表示某人这么做真是太……了，这个形容词是用来形容人的，形容词通常是表示人的性格特点和品质方面的词。此句中simple或hard是表示做某事的属性，用for，排除B和D。由“because he has received little training so far.”可知帮助这些智力残疾的孩子是困难的，由“not”可知simple符合题意，故选A。
11. Sadly, the task is done ________ to make the boss satisfied. Poor thing!
A. too carelessly B. too careless C. carelessly enough D. careless enough
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：太惨了，这个任务完成的太粗心以至于老板不满意。真可怜！
考查副词用法及句型。空格处修饰前面的动词“done”，应该用副词，排除B/D选项；根据“Sadly”和“Poor thing!”可知，事情做的不好，老板不满意，用too…to…结构，表示“太……以至于不能”。故选A。
12. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it ________ 18 years ago.
A. set up B. is set up C. was set up D. will be set up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：中国国际搜索救援队自从18年前成立以来，给全世界受灾地区的人带来了帮助和希望。set up一般现在时态的主动语态的结构， is set up一般现在时态的被动语态的结构， was set up一般过去时态的被动语态的结构， will be set up一般将来时态的被动语态的结构，根据it和set up之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A；根据18 years ago可知是一般过去时态；故选C。
【点睛】被动语态的各个时态。1）一般现在时态的 am /is are+done，例如：I am asked to study hard by my mother. 2）一般过去时态的 were/was+done,例如：A new shop was built last year. 3) 现在完成时态的 have/has been+done 例如：This book has been translated into Chiese. 4) 一般将来时态的 will be+ done, 例如：Many trees will be planted next year. 5)现在进行时态的 am/is/are+being+done， 例如：My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
13. Read the following text. What kind of way is used to organize the idea?
I like reading Treasure Island and I’ve learned a lot from it: Jim, the main character in the book, is very brave. His story gave me lots of confidence. After reading the book, I’m willing to try new things. I also decide to learn to write my own stories.
A. Time order. B. Space order. C. Specific to general. D. General to specific.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：阅读以下文本。用什么样的方式来构思的？
我喜欢读《金银岛》，从中我学到了很多东西：书中的主人公吉姆非常勇敢。他的故事给了我很大的信心。读完这本书后，我愿意尝试新事物。我还决定学习写自己的故事。
考查写作手法。Time order时间顺序；Space order空间顺序；Specific to general具体到一般；General to specific从一般到具体。根据文本理解可知，先介绍自己学到的东西，最后阐述自己的决定。所以应该是从一般到具体。故选D。
14. — It is Eileen Gu’s hard work that leads to her two gold medals at the Beijing Winter Olympics.
— Exactly! ________.
A. Every dog has its day B. No pain, no gain
C. It never rains but it pours D. Burn candles at both ends
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——正是谷爱凌努力使她在北京冬奥会上获得了两枚金牌。——正是如此！一份耕耘一分收获。
考查谚语。Every dog has its day凡人皆有得意时；No pain, no gain一分耕耘一分收获；It never rains but it pours祸不单行；Burn candles at both ends两端点蜡烛。根据“It is Eileen Gu’s hard work that leads to her two gold medals at the Beijing Winter Olympics.”可知，此处用“一分耕耘一分收获”符合语境。故选B。
15. —Suzy, it’s bad manners to cut in on others!
—________. I will never do it again.
A. Come on B. With pleasure C. I’ve got it D. Take it easy
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——苏西，打断别人说话是不礼貌的！——我明白了。我不会再打断别人的话了。
考查情景交际。Come on加油；With pleasure乐意；I’ve got it我明白了；Take it easy放轻松。根据下文“I will never do it again.”可知，我不会再打断别人的话了，我明白了。故选C。
二、完形填空（共10小题, 每小题1分, 满分10分）
“I don’t want to go, Miss White. I’m frightened, very frightened,” Monica told her teacher.
Monica was a very ____16____ girl. She always sat at the back of the classroom, reading or taking notes. Every Monday morning, there would be a special show in her class and one student would be ____17____ to make a speech about his or her dream. Miss White hoped that Monica could have a try the next week. But she ____18____.
“I know that it seems difficult for you, but it will help you build up your ____19____,” said Miss White. Monica was lost in thought.
The next day, Monica came to Miss White’s office. Miss White was pleased that she would take the chance. Miss White red-penciled her manuscript of speech, corrected her pronunciation, and ____20____ helped with her body language. She advised Monica to practice, to imagine that she was speaking in front of her class. For a whole week, Monica practiced speaking in front of her imaginary friends and teacher. Behind the locked door of her bedroom, she told them about her ____21____.
Finally, Monday arrived. When Monica was called upon to give her speech, she stood up and walked to the front of the class without any notes, in a show of confidence. Monica’s ____22____ performance brought everyone a great surprise. The whole class clapped for a full minute ____23____ she completed her speech. Miss White smiled. She had known that Monica would make it when she bravely took her first ____24____ to overcome her fear of speaking in public.
From that day, Monica’s life changed for the _____25_____. At the age of 23, she became a news reader. People who see her on television now will find it hard to believe that she was once a that shy girl.
16. A. helpful B. helpless C. active D. inactive
17. A. warned B. formed C. caught D. picked
18. A. supported B. improved C. refused D. obeyed
19. A. confidence B. resource C. expression D. discussion
20. A. just B. even C. still D. only
21. A. power B. advice C. change D. dream
22. A. careful B. useful C. successful D. meaningful
23. A. before B. when C. until D. though
24. A. step B. prize C. case D. detail
25. A. more B. less C. better D. worse
【答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了莫妮卡是一个拒绝在课堂上说话的害羞的内向的女孩儿，在老师的帮助下，克服胆怯心理最终走向成功，并且成为了电视台上的一名新闻播报员的故事。
【16题详解】
句意：莫妮卡是一个非常沉默寡言的女孩。
helpful有用的；helpless无助的；active活跃的；inactive不活跃的。根据“She always sat at the back of the classroom, reading or taking notes.”可知，莫妮卡是一个不活跃的女孩。故选D。
【17题详解】
句意：每周一早上，她的班上都会有一场特别节目，会挑选一名学生就自己的梦想发表演讲。
warned警告；formed形成；caught抓住；picked挑选。根据“to make a speech about his or her dream.”可知，这里是挑选一名学生就自己梦想发表演讲。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：但她拒绝了。
supported支持；improved改进；refused拒绝；obeyed遵守。根据““I don’t want to go, Miss White. I’m frightened, very frightened,” Monica told her teacher.”及but判断，应该是她拒绝了演讲。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：“我知道这对你来说似乎很难，但它会帮助你建立信心，”怀特老师说。
confidence信心；resource资源；expression表达；discussion讨论。根据“build up your”可知，这里应该是建立信心。故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：怀特老师用红笔修改了她的演讲稿，纠正了她的发音，甚至帮助她学习肢体语言。
just只是；even甚至；still仍然；only仅仅。根据“corrected her pronunciation, and…helped with her body language.”可知，这里是强调动词help因此用even来强调。故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：整整一个星期，莫妮卡在她想象中的朋友和老师面前练习说话，她把自己的梦想告诉了他们。
power权力；advice建议；change改变；dream梦想。根据“make a speech about his or her dream.”可知，这里是谈论自己的梦想。故选D。
【22题详解】
句意：莫妮卡的成功表演给大家带来了巨大的惊喜。
careful仔细的；useful有用的；successful成功的；meaningful有意义的。根据“brought everyone a great surprise.”判断，应该是莫妮卡的表演成功了。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：当她完成演讲时，全班同学鼓掌整整一分钟。
before之前；when当……时候；until直到；though虽然。根据“she completed her speech.”可知，这里是由when引导的时间状语从句。故选B。
【24题详解】
句意：她知道，当莫妮卡勇敢地迈出第一步，克服害怕在公共场合讲话的恐惧时，她会成功的。
step一步；prize奖品；case实例；detail细节。根据“when she bravely took her first…to overcome her fear of speaking in public.”可知，这里指莫妮卡勇敢地迈出了第一步。故选A。
【25题详解】
句意：从那天起，莫妮卡的生活变得更好了。
more更多；less较少的；better较好的；worse更糟的。根据“At the age of 23, she became a news reader.”判断，莫妮卡的生活应该是变得更好了。故选C。
三．阅读理解（共10小题. 每小题1分, 满分10分）
A
26. If you want to make a donation to OXFAM, you can ________.
A. call them on 0300 300 1300 B. donate your money online
C. email at oxfam@yahoo. com D. send your money to Oxfam House
27. Tom decides to donate ￡50, he could ________.
A. plant allotments for 2 families B. provide a family with 5 goats
C. plant allotments for 5 families D. provide clean water for 100 people
28. The reading material above is ________.
A. a letter B. a diary C. a survey D. a web page
【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要讲述了一家慈善机构呼吁人们捐款。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“Donate online”可知，如果你想捐赠给OXFAM，你可以进行网上捐赠。故选B。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三幅图片中“£250，could plant allotments for 10 families.”可知捐赠250欧元可以给10个家庭种植土地，Tom捐赠50欧元，就可以给2个家庭种植土地。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要是一个慈善机构呼吁人们捐款的信息，因此这则材料主要是在网页上出现。故选D。
B
“Children”, said Miss Ross, “This is our recycling box. When it is full, we’ll take it to the recycling centre.”
Tony washed lots of jars and put them in the box. Franca asked her Mum for all their old newspapers. Mani brought lots of old soft drink cans Rosila collected cardboard tubes. Everyone brought something.
Soon, the box was full. “Put the box outside the door please,” said Miss Rossi, “Tomorrow we’ll take it to the recycling centre.”
Later, Mrs. Haddad walked past the box and saw all the clean, empty jars. “Those would be perfect for the art room,” she thought to herself.
Mrs. Walker saw the soft drink cans and said. “That’s what we need for our science class.”
Miss Nguven looked in the box and said. “Old newspapers! Just what I need to put in my compost bin at home.”
“Cardboard tubes” said Mr. Taylor, “I need some of those.”
When the children came in the next morning, their recycling box was empty!
“How extraordinary,” said Miss Rossi. “I wonder what happened to all our things? Oh, well, it looks as if we’ll have to start again!”
29. Everyone brought something. What does this sentence do?
A. It begins a list. B. It finishes a list.
C. It shows a new idea. D. It joins two ideas together.
30. Why was the recycling box empty the next morning?
A. The teachers had taken the things to use themselves.
B. Miss Rossi had given the things to the other teachers.
C. The cleaners had emptied the box into the recycling bin.
D. The children had taken the things to the recycling centre.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Fun Day B. Interesting Teachers C. Hard-working Children D. The Recycling Box
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了罗斯小姐让孩子们收集一些可回收的东西放进回收箱里，当它装满了，就可以拿到回收中心，不久，孩子们都装满了回收箱，老师们看见回收箱里的东西，把它们带走再次使用，孩子们认为这很神奇。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Tony washed ... collected cardboard tubes.”可知，每个人都在回收箱里放了一些回收物品，也就是完成了一张清单。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四、五、六、七段的内容“Later, Mrs Haddad walked past the box and saw all the clean, empty jars ... I need some of those.”可推断出，这些物品都被老师们拿来再次使用了，因此回收箱空了。故选A。
【31题详解】
标题归纳题。根据第一段“This is our recycling box. When it is full, we’ll take it to the recycling centre.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要是讲孩子们将收集的一些物品放入一个回收箱盒子，因此最佳标题为回收箱。故选D。
C
While visiting the UK, you’ll find how good British people are at waiting, specially in queues.
Everywhere in the UK, it’s common to see queues. People wait in long lines at bus stops, in shops and in cinemas,
Speaking to BBC News, Bate Bradley, a lecture at the University of Kent, said that queuing in the UK isn’t just about showing good will toward other people. British people like everything to be in perfect order, so being shouted at for skipping ahead of someone in a line is something that most Brits try to avoid.
The British love of queuing goes back to World War II. Because of wartime rationing, people had to wait in line to get something important in a shop, specially food. The government at the time was worried that trouble and disorder would happen. If that happened, people would not get food from a shop in time. So, it made a point of telling people that queuing was polite and a British thing to do. And that message is still alive today.
There’s probably only one factor that will make a Briton’s willingness to stand patiently in line different—the weather. It can change quickly in the UK. One minute it can be fine, and the next it can be wet and windy. If people are queuing in bad weather, their main hope is that the bus arrives soon, or that the people in front of them will give up and decide to leave.
If someone decides to break queuing rules in bad weather, tensions can become very high indeed. This is because most British people will certainly speak up and tell the queue-jumper to get to the back of the line.
But if the weather is good, queuing can be fun. When people are waiting, they may be excited about the thing they’re waiting for. There’s an air of expectation when people are standing in line for a pop film, for example. This can make queuing for something a very enjoyable experience.
32. Why are most British people willing to wait in line?
A. They are told to do so by local government. B. They really like doing things in good order.
C. They think it is a good way to make friends. D. They expect to show good manners to others.
33. If someone pushes in before others, what will probably happen?
A. He or she will be punished or fined.
B. He or she will be asked to queue again.
C. He or she will be accepted though it’s impolite.
D. He or she will not be allowed to join the queue again.
34. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A. The food. B. The shop. C. The message. D. The government.
35. This passage mainly talks about ________.
A. why the British government wanted people to queue
B. why people in the UK enjoy queuing in public places
C. why British people don’t like queuing in bad weather
D. why people in the UK think queuing is always great fun
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了英国人排队等候习惯的起源以及英国人喜欢排队等候的原因。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“British people like everything to be in perfect order...”可知，大多数英国人愿意排队等候的原因是他们喜欢一切完美有序。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“This is because most British people will certainly speak up and tell the queue-jumper to get to the back of the line.”可知，如果有人插队，大多数英国人会大声说出来并告诉插队的人到队伍的后面去，故插队的人要重新排队。故选B。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“The government at the time was worried that trouble and disorder would happen. If that happened...”可知，政府担心麻烦和混乱会发生，所以为了预防这种事情的发生，政府特意告诉人们排队是礼貌的。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了英国人排队等候习惯的起源以及英国人喜欢排队等候的原因。故选B。
四、填空（共 20小题、每空1分, 满分20分）
A）根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词, 使句子意思宪整正。
36. —Peter, this photo was taken in December. Why were you wearing a T-shirt then?
—It was in Australia. Seasons there are the ________ (相反的) of those in China.
【答案】opposite
【解析】
【详解】句意：——彼得，这张照片是在12月拍的。为什么你那时穿着T恤？——这是在澳大利亚。那里的季节跟中国的相反。the后接名词，“对立面”英文表达为“opposite”。故填opposite。
37. Scientists say that music makes our brain “feel happy” and that it ________（解释）the importance of music in cultures all over the world.
【答案】explains
【解析】
【详解】句意：科学家们说音乐让我们的大脑“感到快乐”，这也解释了音乐在全世界文化中的重要性。此句宾语是and连接的两个宾语从句，这两个宾语从句的时态应一致，前句“that music makes…”时态为一般现在时，可知此句时态用一般现在时，由主语it可知谓语动词用三单形式。explain“解释”，三单形式是explains，故填explains。
38. The company is doing a ________（项目）to develop a substitute for coal.
【答案】project
【解析】
【详解】句意：这家公司正在做一个开发煤的替代品的项目。 根据中文提示可知，project表示“项目”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填project。
39. In 2016, he was sent abroad to study ________ (医学), and returned to the country five years later with a doctoral degree.
【答案】medicine
【解析】
【详解】句意：2016年，他被派往国外学习医学，五年后，他以博士学位回国。medicine“医学”，不可数名词，故填medicine。
40. Students should be taught to spend both time and money ________（明智地）.
【答案】wisely
【解析】
【详解】句意：学生们应该被教会要明智地花费时间和金钱。根据句意和所给提示汉语意思，可知空格处用副词修饰动词，wisely，副词，“明智地”。故填wisely。
B）根据句子意思, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
41. There are many fantastic castles in this old ________(Europe) country.
【答案】European
【解析】
【详解】句意：在这个古老的欧洲国家有很多奇妙的城堡。根据句意和所给词汇可知，空处应填形容词，“Europe”“欧洲”的形容词形式是“European”“欧洲的”。故填European。
42. —Do you know all the ________ (guest) names, Daniel?
—Sure. They are my best friends.
【答案】guests’
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你知道所有客人的名字吗，丹尼尔？——当然。 他们是我最好的朋友。由“all”可知，此处要用名词复数；再由“ names”可知，此处要用名词所有格修饰；guest“客人”，其复数名词所有格为guests’，故填guests’。
43. It’s said that more laws will be made to prevent ________ (pollute) in Switzerland.
【答案】pollution
【解析】
【详解】句意：据说瑞士将制定更多的法律来防止污染。分析句子可知，空格处作宾语，用名词形式，pollute“污染”，动词，其名词形式是pollution“污染，污染物”，不可数名词，故填pollution。
44. You’d better go to bed now. Staying up late is ________ (harm) to your health.
【答案】harmful
【解析】
【详解】句意：现在你最好去睡觉。熬夜很晚对你的健康有害。harm“伤害”，是动词或名词，作为系动词is的表语，用形容词，be harmful to“对……有害”，故填harmful。
45. The publishing house says this book ________(translate) into Italian next year.
【答案】will be translated
【解析】
【详解】句意：出版社说这本书明年将译成意大利语。根据“next year”可知，应该使用一般将来时，根据“the book”和“translate”之间构成被动，所以应该使用一般将来时被动语态。故填：will be translated。
C）句型转换、每空一词。
46. Gulliver has been on the beach since two hours ago. （对划线部分提问）
________ ________ has Gulliver been on the beach?
【答案】 ①. How ②. long
【解析】
【详解】句意：格利佛自从两个小时前就就在海滩上了。划线部分“since two hours ago.”是一段时间，特殊疑问句中对一段时间提问，用how long，位于句首，首字母大写。故填How；long。
47. The young boy was very clever. He expressed himself clearly. （合并为一句）
The young boy was ________ ________ to express himself clearly.
【答案】 ①. clever ②. enough
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个小男孩很聪明。他表达得很清楚。本句可表示“男孩足够聪明，可以清楚地表达自己”，clever enough to do sth“足够聪明做某事”，故填clever；enough。
48. The secretary warned his boss not to risk losing everything. （对划钱部分提问）
________ did the secretary ________ his boss not to do?
【答案】 ①. What ②. warn
【解析】
【详解】句意：秘书警告他的老板不要冒失去一切的风险。根据要求是对划线部分提问，且划线部分为“某事”，所以特殊疑问词应该使用“what”，位于句首，首字母应该大写，其余部分应该改为一般疑问句，“did”提前，“warned”改为原形。故填What；warn。
49. Amy often raises money for charities. She is helpful. （合并为一句）
It is ________ ________ Amy to raise money for charities.
【答案】 ①. helpful ②. of
【解析】
【详解】句意：艾米经常为慈善机构筹款。她乐于助人。题目要求合并为一句，此处使用句型“It’s adj. of sb to do sth”表示“某人做某事是怎么样的”，helpful“乐于助人的”，说明人品质的形容词。故填helpful；of。
50. I often see some volunteers hand out leaflets to make people know more about UNICEF. （改为被动语态）
Some volunteers are often ________ ________ hand out leaflets to make people know more about UNICEF.
【答案】 ①. seen ②. to
【解析】
【详解】句意：我经常看到一些志愿者分发传单，让人们更多地了解联合国儿童基金会。根据要求可知，志愿者们被看见分发传单，“be seen to do sth.”意为“被看见做某事”。故填seen；to。
D）根据所给汉语提示完成句子, 每空词数不限。
51. Rose 是中国通, 她和邻居们交流起来不费力。
Rose is an old China hand. She has _________________________ her neighbors in Chinese.
【答案】no trouble communicating with
【解析】
【详解】have no trouble doing sth“做某事不费力”，communicate with“和……交流”，故填no trouble communicating with。
52. 他与我握手寒暄后离开了。
He _________________________ and passed the time of day and then left.
【答案】shook my hand
【解析】
【详解】shake one’s hand意为“握手”，根据情境可知，one’s应该是“my”，根据“and then left”可知，应该使用过去时，shake的过去式为“shook”。故填shook my hand。
53. 对这些幸存者来说，不轻易放弃很重要。
It is important for these survivors _________________________.
【答案】not to give up easily
【解析】
【详解】空格处表达“不轻易放弃”；句型为“it is+adj+for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事是怎样的”，故空格处应为动词不定式的否定形式“not to do”，give up“放弃”，easily“轻易地”。故填not to give up easily。
54. 昨天，这位病人在这家医院做了胃部手术。
The stomach operation of this patient ________ ________ ________ in this hospital yesterday.
【答案】 ①. was ②. operated ③. on
【解析】
【详解】由英汉对照可知，空格处填“做了（胃部）手术”，operate on“给……做手术”。分析句子可知，此句主语“The stomach operation of this patient”和谓语“operate on”是被动关系，应用被动语态，由时间状语“yesterday”可知此句时态为一般过去时，即此句是一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was，故填was；operated；on。
55. 你已经下定决心继续开展研究了吗?
Have you already made _________________________ with the research?
【答案】up your mind to carry on
【解析】
【详解】“make up one’s mind to do sth”意为“决定做某事”，主语为“you”，“one’s”应该使用“your”，“carry on with”意为“继续开展某事”。故填：up your mind to carry on。
五、阅读填空（共 20小题, 每小题1分, 满分 20分）
A
任务型阅读，注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Most of us have never thought about building an educational toy by ourselves. If we need a learning toy or something, we simply go to the nearest store and buy it. However, things are not as easy in third world countries. With families even having no food to put on the table, they will never think about buying educational toys.
So how can one get these kids interested in science? This was a question that worried the Indian engineer Arvind Gupta so much that he decided to give up a good job and spend his life making toys from trash, things that people no longer want or need!
Mr Gupta began teaching in the 1970s. While still an engineering student at the Indian College of Technology, he volunteered to teach the children who were too poor to go to school. Upon graduation（毕业）, he found a good job at India’s Tata Motors and spent the next five years designing cars.
But he soon realized that this was not something he wanted to do for the rest of his life. He thought he needed to receive some training, so he took a year’s training course and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program which was to make science fun and exciting for poor children using available materials.
Mr Gupta found the whole project so satisfying that he decided to leave his high paying job and focus his attention on designing educational toys that were not only cheap and easy to build, but also full of scientific principles（科学原理）, so that children could get interested in this interesting subject.
When the Internet started becoming a more widespread learning tool, Mr Gupta created a toys from Trash website and also recorded over 250 YouTube videos.
Today, over 50,000 children and teachers visit the website daily to download the videos for the toy creations based on cool science. Some young children have become so inspired（鼓舞） that they have even won international science competitions.
____56____ for making them
●Most people never think about building educational toys.
●Usually people go to a store to buy educational toys in need.
●To some poor families, buying educational toys is the ____57____ thing on the parents’ minds.
About Gupta
●He volunteered to teach the children who could hardly ____58____ to go to school when he was a student at college.
●It ____59____ him five years to design cars at India’s Tata Motors after leaving college.
●He thought it ____60____ to get some training so he took a year’s training course.
●He took part in a program. Its ____61____ was to make science interesting and exciting for poor children using available materials.
●He ____62____ his good job and devoted his life to making special toys.
About the website
●Toys from Trash is a website with over 250 YouTube videos.
● The website is ____63____ by many children and teachers daily.
● With the ____64____ of the website, children have chances to take part in international science competitions and win some prizes.
Conclusion
What Mr Gupta does has made a big ______65______ to some poor children.
【答案】56. Reasons
57. impossible
58. afford 59. took
60. necessary
61. purpose
62. left 63. visited
64. help 65. difference
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了许多来自贫困的家庭孩子们没有益智玩具，有一名印度工程师 Arvind Gupta上大学时志愿教来自贫困家庭的孩子们。后来辞掉工作去为贫困孩子设计制造玩具，创作一个Trash网站，教孩子自己做玩具，现在许多孩子访问这个网站，他们观看来自YouTube上视频创作玩具。
【56题详解】
根据右侧“Most people never think about building educational toys. Usually people go to a store to buy educational toys in need.To some poor families, buying educational toys is the … thing on the parents’ minds.”可知，这三点介绍了做益智类网站的原因，所以应该使用“reason”，且应该使用复数，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Reasons。
【57题详解】
根据第一段中“With families even having no food to put on the table, they will never think about buying educational toys.”可知，对于家庭贫困的，买益智类的玩具是不可能的事情，修饰名词用形容词impossible“不可能的”。故填impossible。
【58题详解】
根据第三段中“While still an engineering student at the Indian College of Technology, he volunteered to teach the children who were too poor to go to school.”可知，他志愿教上不起学的孩子，“can’t afford to do sth”意为“不能支付做某事”。故填afford。
【59题详解】
根据第三段中“Upon graduation（毕业）, he found a good job at India’s Tata Motors and spent the next five years designing cars.”可知，毕业后，花了他五年的时间设计汽车，“it takes sb some time to do sth”意为“花了某人多长时间做某事”，根据情境为一般过去时。故填took。
【60题详解】
根据第四段中“He thought he needed to receive some training, so he took a year’s training course and took part in the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Program…”可知，他觉得接受培训是有必要的，“think it necessary to do sth”意为“觉得做某事有必要”。故填necessary。
【61题详解】
根据第四段中“…to make science fun and exciting for poor children using available materials”可知，他参加培训目的是为了使科学有趣；根据“Its”可知，后接名词“目的purpose”。故填purpose。
【62题详解】
根据第五段中“Mr Gupta found the whole project so satisfying that he decided to leave his high paying job and focus his attention on designing educational toys …”可知，Mr Gupta辞去工作是为了专心做玩具，根据情境为一般过去时，应该使用“leave”的过去式“left”。故填left。
【63题详解】
根据最后一段中“Today, over 50,000 children and teachers visit the website daily to download the videos for the toy creations based on cool science.”可知，每天有许多孩子和老师访问此网站，主语为“The website”，和“visit”之间构成被动，故此处用过去分词。故填visited。
【64题详解】
根据最后一句“Some young children have become so inspired（鼓舞） that they have even won international science competitions.”可知，许多孩子在网站的帮助之下，在比赛中获了奖，“with the help of …”意为“在……帮助之下”。故填help。
【65题详解】
根据文中理解可知，Mr Gupta的行为对贫困孩子产生了重大的影响，“make a big difference to …”意为“对……产生重大影响”。故填difference。
B
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Today, people can turn on their televisions and watch the Olympics every two years, alternating between summer and winter games. The world’s best athletes t____66____ hard before the games and hope to win a gold, silver, or bronze medal.
However, the first Olympics was quite different from t____67____ Olympic Games. Held in 776 BC at Olympia, in ancient Greece, the games honored the Greek god Zeus. The competition was a c____68____ for athletes to bring honor to their city-states, just as athletes bring honor to their countries nowadays. However, in ancient Greece, only men were allowed to participate.
For 13 years, the ancient Olympics had just one event, a running race. Gradually, the games expanded to i____69____ sports such as chariot and horse racing, boxing, and the pentathlon. The pentathlon i____70____ is made up of five different events: running, wrestling, jumping, throwing a discus, and throwing a javelin.
The ancient Greek Olympics e____71____ around 395 BC and weren’t played again for over 2, 200 years. Finally, in 1894, a Frenchman named Pierre de Coubertin decided to bring the games back. The games were held in 1896 and included nine events. Today’s Olympics include even more sports, such as soccer and skiing, and are now s____72____ into the Summer and Winter Olympics. Cities around the world take turns hosting the Olympics.
W____73____ stopped for seven days before and seven days after the ancient Olympics so that athletes could travel safely to the games. In a s____74____ way, many believe that today’s Olympic Games create goodwill, as nations exhibit strength through competitive sports rather than through battle.
The Paralympics are held every Olympic year. To be in the games, athletes must have a disability. Some don’t have arms or legs. Some have poor balance. Some are in wheelchairs. Some others are b____75____ . The great thing about these games is not the attention to their disability but their skills.
【答案】66. (t)rain
67. (t)oday’s
68. (c)hance
69. (i)nclude
70. (i)tself
71. (e)nded
72. (s)eparated
73. (W)ars 74. (s)imilar
75. (b)lind
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是奥运会的历史和古代奥运会与现代奥运会的区别。
【66题详解】
句意：世界上最好的运动员们在比赛前努力训练并且希望赢得金牌，银牌和铜牌。分析句子结构可知此处应填一个谓语动词，结合首字母提示及“and hope to win a gold, silver, or bronze medal.”可知这里说的是运动员们努力训练并希望赢得奖牌，并且时态应是一般现在时；又因主语athletes是复数，所以谓语动词用原形，故空处应是train“训练”，动词。故填(t)rain。
【67题详解】
句意：然而，第一届奥林匹克运动会与现代的奥林匹克运动会很不一样。根据首字母提示及“However, the first Olympics was quite different ...”可知此处讲的是古代奥运和现代奥运会的区别；应填today’s“今天的”，故填(t)oday’s。
【68题详解】
句意：比赛是运动员们为他们的城邦争光的机会，就像当今运动员为自己国家争光一样。根据首字母提示及空后“just as athletes bring honor to their countries nowadays. ”可知此处应指奥林匹克比赛给运动员们提供了为他们城市争光的机会，故空处应是chance“机会”，名词；根据空前的冠词a，可知此处为可数名词单数。故填(c)hance。
【69题详解】
句意：渐渐地，奥运会项目扩大到包括马车赛，赛马，拳击和五项全能等项目。根据首字母提示及“such as chariot and horse racing, boxing, and the pentathlon.”可知此处应指奥运会包括的项目，故空处应是include“包括”，动词；分析句子结构可知，空前有不定式符号to，故填动词原形。故填(i)nclude。
【70题详解】
句意：五项全能由五个不同的项目组成：疾跑，摔跤，跳远，铁饼和标枪。根据首字母提示及句子结构可知，此处应是反身代词作“The pentathlon”的同位语，故空处应是itself“它自己”，反身代词。故填(i)tself。
【71题详解】
句意：古希腊奥运会在公元前395年左右结束，并且在2200多年的时间里再也没有举行过。根据首字母提示及“and weren’t played again for over 2, 200 years.”可知本句是一般过去式，且此处指奥运会结束的时间，故空处应填end“结束”，动词。故填(e)nded。
【72题详解】
句意：现代奥运会包括更多的运动项目，如足球和滑雪，并且分为夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。根据首字母提示及空后“...the Summer and Winter Olympics.”可知空处是指现代奥运会分为了夏季和冬季奥运会，故空处应填separate“使分开”，动词；分析句子结构可知此处是被动语态，其结构为be+done。故填(s)eparated。
【73题详解】
句意：在古代奥运会之前和之后的七天，战争会停止，以便运动员能够安全前往奥运会。根据首字母提示及“so that athletes could travel safely to the games. ”可知，此处指战争停止，故空处应填war“战争”，可数名词；其前没有任何冠词或限定词修饰，故用名词复数形式。故填(W)ars。
【74题详解】
句意：同样，许多人认为现代奥运会创造了友善，因为各国通过体育竞技而不是战斗来展示实力。根据首字母提示及前一句“so that athletes could travel safely to the games. ”和“as nations exhibit strength through...”可知，此处讲的是古代和现代奥运会的类似之处，故空处应填similar“相似的”，形容词。故填(s)imilar。
【75题详解】
句意：有些人是盲人。根据首字母提示及前一句“Some are in wheelchairs.”可知此处指盲人，故空处应填blind“失明的”，形容词。故填(b)lind。
六、书面麦达（满分10分）
76. 假如你是来自英国某中学的交换生 Martina，你在学校的告示栏中看到了某慈善组织招聘暑期志愿者的海报，很想参加。请针对招募条件写一封英文申请信，井给出至少两点你能胜任该活动的理由。
注意∶
1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
3. 词数80左右，申请信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
SERVING WITH SMILES!
※ WHO CAN JOIN? Aged 12 and above
※ WHEN? Sundays, 8—10 a. m. , in August
※ WHAT? Visit and clean an elderly man’s home
※ WHAT IS SWS?
SERVNG WITH SMLES(SWS) is an organization that allows teenagers to take part in social activities.
※FOR MORE INEORMATION:
Email us at: sws@yahoo com or Call Jen Paulson on 88787676 with questions.
Dear Chairperson,
I would like to be a volunteer in Serving With Smiles.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You can call me at 83587693 or email me at martina@163. com.
Yours sincerely,
Martina
【答案】例文
Dear Chairperson,
I would like to be a volunteer in Serving With Smiles.
First, let me introduce myself. My name is Martina. I am a 16-year-old boy in Grade 9. I think I am free in July and August, so I can take part in this activity in summer.
I would like to be a member of your organization. I am kind and helpful. Moreover, I am patient enough to work with others. I often help others in my spare time without getting angry. I can also tell funny jokes. In my opinion, it’s very meaningful to chat with others, especially the elderly. I think they are just like my grandparents. And I can bring them a lot of happiness.
I will be very happy if I can become a member of SWS. You can call me at 83587693 or email me at martina@163. com.
Yours sincerely,
Martina
【解析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信作文。写一封想要参加志愿者的申请信。
2.写作指导：本文采用一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。分为四段式：第一段和最后一段已给出；第二段介绍自己的个人信息；第三段介绍自己成为一名志愿者的条件。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。
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