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精品解析：江苏省南京市玄武区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：江苏省南京市玄武区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（解析版），共29页。
英语练习卷
注意事项：
●本试卷共11页，全卷满分120分，考试时间为120分钟。试卷包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
●请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
●答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共60分）
一、听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
听对话回答第1—10小题。每段对话听两遍。
1. What is the girl's father busy doing?
A. B. C.
2. Which charity is mentioned in the conversation?
A. B. C.
3. What has the boy's grandfather just received?
A. B. C.
4. What can the man get for free?
A. B. C.
5. Which means of transport are they talking about?
A. B. C.
6. What does the man think of the people in Tokyo?
A. They are rude. B. They have good manners. C. They obey all the rules.
7. What kind of books does Michael like?
A. He likes books about history.
B. He likes books about school life.
C. He likes books about great people.
8. When can the woman take a train back?
A. 3：30 p.m. B. 4：00 p.m. C. 4：30 p.m.
9. How long has the man's wife worked in the factory?
A. 8 years. B. 10 years. C. 12 years.
10. What does the new law protect?
A. Animals. B. Children. C. The Environment.
听一段对话，回答第11—12小题。听两遍。
11. When was China's Project Hope started?
A. In 1989. B. In 1999. C. In 2006.
12. What does Liu Qiang usually do to help the poor children?
A. He sells his books to make money.
B. He does a part-time job in Project Hope.
C. He donates his pocket money and some other things.
听第一篇短文，回答第13—16小题。听两遍。
A NEW SNOOPY SHOW
A great success
The Snoopy series first came out 13 .
When and where to see the show
13The special programme can be seen on 14 on the Channel of Apple TV+.
What to see in the show
Charlie and friends want to play a 15 game but Charlie's 16 Sally notices a small flower and decides to protect it.
13. A. on TV B. in a book C. in newspapers
14. A. 15 May B. 15 April C. 16 April
15. A. basketball B. baseball C. soccer
16. A sister B. friend C. dog
听第二篇短文，回答第17—20小题。听两遍。
17. Bridge painters need to bring the following things to work except__________.
A. Special tools. B. Special clothes. C. Special drinks.
18. What does a bridge painter have to do before painting a famous bridge?
A. He has to go to college for education.
B. He needs to work with other painters.
C. He needs to have a lot of experience.
19. Who cannot be a bridge painter?
A. A person who is too short.
B. A person who is afraid of heights.
C. A person who likes working outdoors.
20. What can a bridge painter do during work?
A. Eat or drink. B. Go to the bathroom. C. See views far away.
二、单项选择（满分15分，每小题1分）
1. —Could you manage, if you don’t mind, ________ the work on time?
—No worries, I’m working on it.
A. finish B. finished C. finishing D. to finish
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——如果你不介意的话，你能按时完成这项工作吗？——别担心，我正在努力。
考查非谓语动词。“if you don’t mind”是插入语，此处是manage to do sth短语，意为“设法成功做某事”，故选D。
2. —How did you learn to do computer programming?
—________ taking an online course. I have already learnt to design some apps ________ this way.
A. By; on B. By; in C. With; in D. With; on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你是怎样学习计算机编程的？——通过参加在线课程。我已经学会了用这种方式设计一些应用程序。
考查介词辨析。by通过；in在……里面；on在……上面；with有；根据语境可知，第一空指的是“通过”，应用介词by，结合“this way”可知，此处是in this way“用这种方法”，故选B。
3. AI will surely play an important role in our future lives. But it ________ be used in a proper way.
A. can B. will C. need D. must
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：人工智能肯定会在我们未来的生活中扮演重要的角色。但它必须以正确的方式使用。
考查情态动词。can能够，表示能力；will将要，表示意愿；need需要；must必须，表示要求。结合句意，人工智能要用正确的方式使用，此处表示要求，用情态动词must，故选D。
4. Leonardo, famous as an artist, also succeeded in many other different fields, ________ Biology and Geography.
A. include B. included C. including D. to include
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：作为一名艺术家，列奥纳多也在许多其他领域取得了成功，包括生物学和地理学。
考查介词用法。include包括，动词；included包括在内的，一般作后置定语；including介词；to include不定式。分析句子可知，空出在句子中作状语，需用介宾结构，故应用介词。故选C。
5. She was ill last week. But she is ________ to go to school today.
A. well enough B. enough well C. good enough D. enough good
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：上周她生病了。但是今天他足够好能去上学。
考查形容词。well表示身体健康的；good表示人的品行好，或事物的质地好；根据“She was ill last week.”和“to go to school today”可知，此处表示可以去上学了，因此身体健康，用形容词well，排除CD两项。enough表示“足够的”，修饰形容词或副词时，位于形容词或副词的后面。故选A。
6. According to the local government, lots of new railways ________ in order to improve the traffic situation in the next five years.
A. built B. will build C. will be built D. have been built
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：据当地政府称，为了改善未来五年的交通状况，将修建许多新铁路。
考查语态。句子主语“lots of new railways”与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动结构，结合“in the next five years”可知，要用一般将来时的被动，故选C。
7. —The cars made in Germany are more expensive than ________ made in Japan.
—Yes, you are right. But German cars seem safer.
A. it B. ones C. that D. those
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——德国制造的汽车比日本制造的汽车贵。——是的，你是对的。但是德国车似乎更安全。
考查代词辨析it指代单数名词，同物；ones指代复数名词，同名异物；that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词；those指代可数名词复数。由“cars”可知空出指代名词复数，故选D。
8. We are going out for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Simon to make sure ________ to meet.
A. why B. what C. when D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们明天要出去野餐。 我会打电话给西蒙确定见面的时间。
考查宾语从句。why为什么；what什么；when何时；which哪一个。根据“I’ll call Simon to make sure … to meet”可推断，要确定见面的时间，故选C。
9. The restaurant in Deji Plaza ________ for two months, but I ________ there so far.
A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been open; haven’t been
C. has been opened; haven’t been D. has been open; haven’t been to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：位于德基广场的那家餐馆已经开了两个月了，但是至今我还没有去过那里。
考查现在完成时。根据“for two months”可知，第一空应用现在完成时，且表示延续性动作，故用has been open；第二空表达“至今未去过某地”，用haven’t been to，由于“there”为副词，须去掉to，即haven’t been。故选B。
10. —Can you tell me how to save water?
—Of course. For example, collect rain water or ________ the water to do some cleaning after ________ your face.
A. reuse; wash B. reuse; washing C. reusing; wash D. reusing; washing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何节约用水吗？——当然可以。例如，收集雨水或者洗脸之后在重复使用水来做一些清洁。
考查非谓语动词。reuse重复使用；wash洗。此处是祈使句，第一空作谓语，用动词原形；after doing sth表示“做某事之后”，故选B。
11. Attention! Please! Without permission, children ________ in the lake.
A. don’t allow to swim B. don’t allow swimming
C. are not allowed to swim D. are not allowed to swimming
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：请注意！未经允许，孩子们不允许在湖里游泳。
考查语态。句子主语“children”与动词allow之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，故选C。
12. —Let’s go to the zoo this weekend.
—Dad, you said so last week and the week before. ________.
A. No pain, no gain B. Practice makes perfect
C. It never rains but pours D. Actions speak louder than words
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这个周末让我们去动物园吧。——爸爸，你上周和上上周就这么说。行动胜于空谈。
考查谚语。No pain, no gain没有付出，就没有收获；Practice makes perfect熟能生巧；It never rains but pours祸不单行；Actions speak louder than words事实胜于雄辩，行动胜于空谈。根据“you said so last week and the week before”可知，此处表示他爸爸只说不做，因此表示要让他采取行动，而不是只是口头上说说，故选D。
13. There is a ________ in the sentence “Other natural resources like coal, oil and natural gas dig up from the ground.”
A. missing word B. spelling mistake C. word usage mistake D. grammatical mistake
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：在“其他自然资源如煤、石油和天然气是从地下挖掘出来的”这句话中有一个语法错误。
考查名词词义辨析。missing word缺少单词；spelling mistake拼写错误；word usage mistake词汇使用错误；grammatical mistake语法错误。分析句子“Other natural resources like coal, oil and natural gas dig up from the ground”可知“煤、石油和天然气”是被挖掘出来的，应用被动语态，此句存在语法错误。故选D。
14. If you want to describe the inside of the school library, you’d better organize the ideas in ________.
A. space order B. time order C. general to specific D. specific to general
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果你想描述学校图书馆的内部，你最好按照空间的顺序构思。
考查名词辨析及常识。space order空间顺序；time order时间顺序；general to specific一般到特殊；specific to general特殊到一般。根据“If you want to describe the inside of the school library, you’d better organize the ideas in”可知，如果想介绍某个空间的内部结构，要按照空间的顺序来介绍，故选A。
15. —It shouldn’t take long to clear up if we all volunteer to help.
—________. Many hands make light work.
A. I’m not sure B. I’m afraid not C. Of course not D. I can’t agree more
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——如果我们都自愿帮忙的话，很快就会打扫干净的。——我完全同意。人多好办事。
考查情景交际。I’m not sure我不确定；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；Of course not当然不可以；I can’t agree more我完全同意。根据“Many hands make light work”可知，同意大家都帮忙，很快就打扫干净的说法，故选D。
三、完型填空（满分10分，每小题1分）
Jellyfish are badly named. They are neither a fish nor made of jelly. Instead, their bodies are ____16____ 95% water and 5% solid matter. They have been in existence for at least half a billion years. Yes, they are ____17____ than dinosaurs. Surprisingly, they don’t have a brain, a heart, or lungs（肺）. You may wonder how they can possibly survive without these vital organs, but ____18____ is for the best. They don’t have lungs because their skin is ____19____ thin that they can absorb（吸收）oxygen through it. They don’t need a heart to pump blood because they don’t have any. And they have a nerve net—which is sensitive to touch—below their outer skin. They respond to the changes in their environment using signals from the nerve net, so they don’t need a ____20____ to process complex thoughts.
Their variety is nearly endless. Most of them are umbrella—shaped and have tentacles（触角）. Some jellyfish have very long tentacles. ____21____, they never get tangled up or sting themselves. That’s because the tentacles are very slippery（滑的）and will only sting other animals. Most jellyfish have ____22____ or no vision, but they can detect light and ocean currents, which helps them to navigate and move. A few species can also recognize colour and have a 360-degree view of their environment.
Jellyfish come in all ____23____, from 0.5 millimeters to the giant Nomura’s jellyfish, which can measure up to two meters in diameter and weigh over 200 kilograms. While jellyfish are beautiful, they can also be ____24____. Some jellyfish toxins can be deadly to humans, such as those from the box jellyfish and the Australian Irukandji, but deaths are relatively rare given the number of jellyfish-sting victims every year. In any case, it’s better to stay _____25_____ the way of any jellyfish you may see! You can go swimming with dolphins, but you definitely want to think twice before swimming with jellyfish.
16. A. made in B. made of C. made from D. made up of
17. A. older B. bigger C. smaller D. younger
18. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
19. A. so B. too C. such D. very
20. A. lung B. brain C. heart D. tentacle
21. A. But B. Anyway C. However D. Otherwise
22. A. good B. much C. little D. a little
23. A. types B. sizes C. looks D. colours
24. A. pleasant B. dangerous C. surprising D. interesting
25. A. in B. on C. away D. out of
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍水母的身体特征，种类以及水母的外观，并说明有毒，告诉人们需要远离水母。
【16题详解】
句意：相反，它们的身体是有95%的水和5%固体物质组成。
be made in在……地方制造；be made of由……制作（看得见原材料）；be made from由……制造（看不见原材料）；be made up of由……组成。根据“95% water and 5% solid matter”可知，这里是介绍水母身体的组成成分。故选D。
【17题详解】
句意：是的，它们比恐龙出现的还早。
older更久的；bigger更大的；smaller更小的；younger更年轻的。根据前文“They have been in existence for at least half a billion years.”可知，水母在地球上存在至少有5亿年了。而恐龙在地球上生存时间约1.65亿年。所以水母比恐龙存在的时间更久。故选A。
【18题详解】
句意：你可能想知道没有这些关键的器官，它们怎么能生存的，但一切都是最好的安排。
nothing没什么；anything任何东西；something一些东西；everything每件事，一切。根据后文解释“They don’t have lungs because their skin is … thin that they can absorb（吸收）oxygen through it. They don’t need a heart to pump blood because they don’t have any. And they have a nerve net—which is sensitive to touch—below their outer skin. They respond to the changes in their environment using signals from the nerve net, so they don’t need a … to process complex thoughts.”可知，由于水母自身生长的特征，它们的皮肤可以呼吸，它们没有血液所以没有心脏，它们有神经网可以感知外面的环境。因此这里表达的是“一切的安排都是最好的”。故选D。
【19题详解】
句意：它们没有肺是因为它们的皮肤是如此之薄以至于能通过皮肤吸收氧气。
so如此；too也，太；such如此（后面加冠词+名词）；very很，非常。根据语境，这里考查so+形容词+that从句表示“如此……以至于……”。故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：它们用神经网信号来反射环境变化，因此它们不需要大脑加工复杂的想法。
lung肺；brain大脑；heart心脏；tentacle触角。根据“Surprisingly, they don’t have a brain, a heart, or lungs（肺）”可知，水母是没有大脑，心脏和肺的，前面已经介绍为什么没有肺和心脏。这里是介绍没有大脑是怎么感知外界的。故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：然而，触角永不缠绕在一起或刺到自己。
But但是；Anyway不管怎样；However然而；Otherwise否则。根据前文“Some jellyfish have very long tentacles”可知，一些水母有很长触角，“但是”触角是不会缠绕在一起或者刺到他们自己，这里表示转折，横线后有逗号。故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：大部分水母几乎没有或者就是没有视力，但它们可以察觉到光和洋流，这能帮助它们行进和移动。
good好的；much许多；little少，几乎没有；a little一点点。根据后面的“… or no vision, but they can detect light and ocean currents,”可知，它们不是通过视力感知光和洋流的。因此视力是“几乎没有”。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：水母大小不一，从0.5毫米到直径2米多，体重重达200公斤多的巨型越前水母。
types类型；sizes尺寸，大小；looks面貌；colours颜色。根据后文“from 0.5 millimeters to the giant Nomura’s jellyfish, which can measure up to two meters in diameter and weigh over 200 kilograms.”可知，这里说的是水母的“大小”。故选B。
【24题详解】
句意：尽管水母很漂亮，但是它们也很危险。
pleasant令人愉快的；dangerous危险的；surprising令人惊讶的；interesting有趣的。根据文“Some jellyfish toxins can be deadly to humans”可知，水母有毒且对人类是致命的。所以水母应该是“危险的”。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：在任何情况下，最好要远离任何你看到的水母。
in the way阻挡，妨碍；on the way在路上；away远离，后加from；out of the way远离。
根据前文“Some jellyfish toxins can be deadly to humans, such as those from the box jellyfish and …”可知，水母毒素对人类是致命的，因此要“远离”它们。故选D。
四、阅读理解（满分15分，每小题1分）
（A）
26. Where can you take part in the activity Lost and Found?
A. At Arts Council of England. B. At mayor’s office of London.
C. At London Transport Museum. D. At London Transport’s Lost Property Office.
27. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the poster?
A. Children don’t need to pay for the tickets.
B. The activity will last for more than two weeks.
C. You can meet Emily Rand and Kate Wilkinson.
D The things on show are donated by children’s authors.
【答案】26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是失物招领的告示。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“London Transport Museum”可知，可以在伦敦交通博物馆参加失物招领活动，故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Discover the curious world of London Transport’s Lost Property Office”和“Meet children’s authors Emily Rand and Kate Wilkinson on selected dates”可知，失物招领处是人们丢失和捡到的东西，没有说展出的东西都是儿童作家捐赠的，只是说在选定的日期与儿童作家艾米丽·兰德和凯特·威尔金森见面。故选D。
（B）
After her college closed for the first lockdown in March 2020 Finty Royle was looking for something to do in her community to help people. When a local company said that it wanted someone to deliver free meals for families in need, it was perfect for Royle. She cycled 25 miles around her area every day to hand out the meals. Speaking to The Week Junior, she said, “The children got very excited to see me every day. There was even one family who had drawn a picture in chalk of someone cycling through a rainbow in front of their house.”
Royle, aged 19, has now become a youth member of a charity called Magic Breakfast, which aims to provide pupils across the UK with healthy breakfasts to help them learn as well as they can at school. She says the best thing you can have for breakfast is porridge because it’s good for you and it keeps you going for the whole morning.
Magic Breakfast’s youth members, including Royle, have written to Prime Minister Boris Johnson to ask him to increase the government’s funding for free school breakfasts by £75 million. As food prices rise across the UK, more families may find it hard to afford school meals. Royle believes it is important to try your best to help your local community. “You can create change yourself,” she said.
28. From the text, we know that Boris Johnson is ________.
A. a college student B. an artist drawing with chalk
C. the Prime Minister of the UK D. a deliverman in a local company
29. Magic Breakfast was set up in order to ________.
A. deliver free meals for families in their community
B. help poor children to learn without worrying about meals
C. increase the government’s funding for free school breakfast
D. write to the Prime Minister to increase the government’s funding
30. More families may find it hard to afford school meals because ________.
A. there is a lockdown in the UK
B. food prices are becoming higher
C. the schools don’t want to provide free meals
D. Magic Breakfast only delivers free meals to poor families
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了大学生Finty Royle在封锁期间在社区为有需要的家庭分发饭菜，她也加入了慈善机构“魔法早餐”，他们写信要求政府增加为免费学校早餐提供的资金。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Prime Minister Boris Johnson”可知Boris Johnson是英国首相。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“called Magic Breakfast, which aims to provide pupils across the UK with healthy breakfasts to help them learn as well as they can at school”可知该慈善机构旨在为英国各地的学生提供健康的早餐，帮助贫困儿童学习，让他们不用担心吃饭问题。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As food prices rise across the UK, more families may find it hard to afford school meals.”可知随着英国各地食品价格的上涨，越来越多的家庭可能会发现难以负担学校的伙食费用。故选B。
（C）
What did your street look like a hundred years ago? It has probably changed over time. U.S. Route 66 was a road that saw many changes, too. This famous road has been written about in books. It has been the subject of TV shows and songs. Route 66 stretched 2,448 miles (3,940 km)across the United States, and it carried a lot of history.
For hundreds of years, native Americans followed animal tracks to hunt. Later, mountain men blazed trails along the same paths in order to set their fur traps. Next came the pioneers moving west in wagons. Gold was discovered in California in 1849. People used the same route to seek their fortunes（财富）there. About 10 years later, railroads were built along the flat and wide route.
In 1908, Henry Ford began to manufacture automobiles. Motorists took off into the countryside. They wanted to drive on paved roads! In 1926, Route 66 became an official U.S. highway. It was the first paved road to run all the way from Illinois to California. During the 1930s and '40s, people drove west on U.S. Route 66. They were looking for work on farms and in wartime plants. In the 1950s and '60s, many Americans enjoyed taking road trips. They drove along Route 66 to visit the Grand Canyon and Disneyland.
Wider, straighter, and safer highways were built. Old Route 66 was used less and less. In 1985, it was officially removed from the U. S. highway system. The parts that still exist today are called Historic Route 66. Most of the old Route 66 filling stations, diners, and motels are closed. But U.S. Route 66 is still remembered as a road of dreams that carried people west.
31. U.S. Route 66 is important in America because ________.
A. it records part of the history B. it is a paved road to the west
C. people have to use the road to find gold D. people have to pass the way across America
32. What does the underlined word “motorists” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. people in need of gold B. people driving cars to travel
C. the pioneers moving west in wagons D. native Americans following animal tracks
33. What is the best title for the text?
A. Road trips to the west of America B. The official high ways in America
C. The history of American high ways D. A historical main road in America
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了美国著名的66号公路的历史及意义。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Route 66 stretched 2,448 miles（3,940 km）across the United States, and it carried a lot of history.”可知，66号公路承载了许多的历史。故选A。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二、三句“In 1908, Henry Ford began to manufacture automobiles. Motorists took off into the countryside. They wanted to drive on paved roads!”可知，福特开始制造汽车，这些开汽车的人能够开车在这铺好的路上行驶，由此可推断出，划线单词是指那些开着汽车沿着这条路旅行的人。故选B。
【33题详解】
标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“Route 66 stretched 2,448 miles（3,940 km）across the United States, and it carried a lot of history.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国的一条具有历史意义的主公路。故选D。
（D）
What do Batman, Black Panther, Spider-Man and Superman all have in common? Not only are they all superheroes, they’re all orphans too.
Bruce Wayne is inspired to fight crime as Batman after his parents are killed in a robbery. Peter Parker is raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben after his parents die in a plane crash. The alien Kal-El, otherwise known as Superman, is sent to Earth by his parents before his home planet of Krypton is destroyed. Upon his arrival he is discovered by Martha and Jonathan Kent, who raise him as their own. T’chala means “Orphan King”, after he takes the title of Black Panther from his late father.
Now, a new exhibition at London’s Foundling Museum is exploring the way orphans are shown in comics and other types art from around the world. Opened in 2004, the Foundling Museum was built on the site of the Foundling Hospital, which looked after children who had been left without people to care for them. “Foundling” is a term used for children who have been given up by their parents and left somewhere for others to find. The Foundling Hospital still works today with the children’s charity Coram. Superheroes, Orphans & Origins: 125 Years in Comics looks at famous DC and Marvel comic book characters, old newspaper comic strips, graphic novels such as Zenobia and Japanese manga including Sunny. The collection includes international comics rarely seen in the UK, and original art drawn for the exhibition, such as Up in Flames by Woodrow Phoenix.
The exhibition runs until 28 August. You have to book but under-21s get in free. You can find out more about the show at tinyurl.com/TWJ-comicorigins.
34. Who used to be called “Orphan King”?
A. Batman. B. Superman. C. Spider-Man. D. Black Panther.
35. The underlined word “alien” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. a super hero without parents B. a popular cartoon character
C. a living thing from other planets D. a super hero with special abilities
36. If you want to watch the exhibition, you should ________.
A. read graphic novels such as Zenobia
B. go to London’s Foundling Museum directly
C. order a ticket before you attend the exhibition
D. enjoy it on the website tinyurl.com/TWJ-comicorigins
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. C
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了蝙蝠侠、黑豹、蜘蛛侠和超人不仅是超级英雄，而且都是孤儿，重点介绍了伦敦弃儿博物馆。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“T’chala means “Orphan King”, after he takes the title of Black Panther from his late father.”可知，Black Panther曾被称为“孤儿王”，故选D。
【35题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“The alien Kal-El, ... is sent to Earth by his parents before his home planet of Krypton is destroyed.”可知Kal-El来自地球外的星系，由此可知alien意为“外星人”，故选C｡
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“You have to book but under-21s get in free.”可知，要想看展览，你应该在参加展览之前订一张票。故选C。
（E）
A new study has found that people who lived in ancient(long ago) Britain quickly evolved to deal with a lack of sunlight. Evolution is when living things change over time to survive. Jonathan Terhorst from the University of Michigan and Lain Mathieson from the University of Pennsylvania, both in the US, looked at data from the genes of 529 people who lived in Britain over the past 4,500 years. DNA in genes is a chemical that carries all the information about your body.
The team found that the levels of vitamin D and calcium in humans’ bodies in Britain suddenly increased. Vitamin D is a substance that humans make naturally when their skin is exposed to sunlight, and it helps bones to grow straight and strong.
Humans evolved in Africa, where there is plenty of sunshine. However, when they moved to places like Britain, where there is not much sunlight, they were faced with a problem—many of them couldn’t make much vitamin D. The earliest arrivals in Britain got vitamin D by eating oily fish but people gradually moved to growing crops instead of fishing. This made them short of the essential vitamin. The researchers found that around this time, humans in Britain quickly evolved to have pale skin, which absorbs more light for making vitamin D. This change was an example of natural selection, which is when hard conditions make particular genes needed for survival. Those who have the genes are more likely to survive and pass their genes on to the next generation.
You can also make up for a lack of vitamin D by eating more calcium, which helps bones grow. Milk is a source of calcium but to digest(消化) it you need to make a substance in your gut called lactase. Many people across the world can’t make lactase when they grow up. However, the study found that early people in Britain evolved to keep on producing lactase even as adults. This meant they could carry on drinking milk—so they kept cows. This extra calcium, along with their pale skin’s use of what sunshine there was, helped them survive.
37. In ancient Britain, people evolved in order to ________.
A. have pale skin B. take more vitamin D
C. get used to the weather D. make more lactase to digest milk
38. People should ________, if they cannot get enough vitamin D.
A. drink little milk B. change their genes
C. move to places like Britain D. take part in more outdoor activities
39. British people have stronger abilities to ________ than many people all over the world.
A. digest milk B. keep cows C. catch oily fish D. change their genes
40. Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
① Humans evolved in Africa.
② British people evolved to digest milk better.
③ People started growing more crops instead of fishing.
④ British people ate oily fish for more vitamin D.
A. ①④③② B. ④②①③ C. ①③④② D. ③①②④
【答案】37. C 38. D 39. A 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍一项新的研究发现，生活在古代英国的人们能够迅速进化，以此应对阳光缺乏的问题。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段首句“...people who lived in ancient(long ago) Britain quickly evolved to deal with a lack of sunlight”可知，古代英国人们进化是为了应对阳光缺乏问题，即适应气候的变化。故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Vitamin D is a substance that humans make naturally when their skin is exposed to sunlight”可知，维生素D是人类皮肤暴露在阳光下时自然产生的一种物质，因此多参加户外运动有助于获取维生素D。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Milk is a source of calcium but to digest(消化) it you need to make a substance in your gut called lactase. Many people across the world can’t make lactase when they grow up. However, the study found that early people in Britain evolved to keep on producing lactase even as adults”可知，消化牛奶需要产生乳糖酶这种物质，而全世界许多人成年之后无法再产生这种物质，英国的早期人类即便成年之后依然可以产生乳糖酶消化牛奶。因此他们有更强的消化牛奶的能力。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Humans evolved in Africa, where there is plenty of sunshine”，“The earliest arrivals in Britain got vitamin D by eating oily fish”，“but people gradually moved to growing crops instead of fishing”以及最后一段“early people in Britain evolved to keep on producing lactase even as adults”可知，首先人类在充满阳光的非洲进化；迁往英国之后缺乏阳光，无法产生足够的维生素D，凭借吃油性鱼类获取维生素D；后来人类又慢慢搬迁到种植作物而不是捕鱼的地方；最后人类进化体内产生乳酸酶，可以更好地消化牛奶吸收钙质。故选A。
第II卷 非选择题（共60分）
五、基础知识检测（满分共25分。61—75每小题1分，76—80每小题2分。）
A）根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
41. I sat ________（在……对面）him during the meal.
【答案】opposite
【解析】
【详解】句意：吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。根据所给汉意此处表达介词opposite“在……对面”。故填opposite。
42. Coronavirus cases and COVID-19 hospitalizations rose in recent weeks, as Omicron subvariants have ________（扩散）across the America.
【答案】spread
【解析】
【详解】句意：最近几周，随着奥密克戎在美国各地传播，冠状病毒病例和COVID-19住院人数增加了。spread“扩散”，动词，结合“have”可知，空处用过去分词，构成现在完成时，故填spread。
43. I’ll stay up all night, if ________ (必要的), to get it finished.
【答案】necessary
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果有必要，我会熬通宵把它做完。necessary“必要的”，是形容词，此处是省略句，if it is necessary省略了it is，此处作为系动词is的表语，用形容词，故填necessary。
44. She works hard to a________ her dream of becoming a famous writer.
【答案】(a)chieve
【解析】
【详解】句意：她努力工作以实现成为著名作家的梦想。根据“She works hard”以及空格后的“her dream”可知，空格所填词和空格前的to一起构成动词不定式表目的。根据首字母提示可知，她努力工作的目的是实现她的梦想，考查短语achieve one’s dream“实现某人的梦想”。故填(a)chieve。
45. Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys, e________ in April and May.
【答案】(e)specially
【解析】
【详解】句意：数以百万计的野花点缀着山谷，尤其是在四月和五月。根据“Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys”可知此处表达“尤其是四月和五月”，结合首字母可知，此处考查副词“especially”，意为“尤其，特别”。故填(e)specially。
B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
46. If you often have trouble ________ (make) a decision in your daily life, just listen to the speech, How to Make a Choice, this Friday afternoon.
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果你在日常生活中经常很难做出决定，那么就听听本周五下午的演讲“如何做出选择”。have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”，是固定短语，空处用动名词，故填making。
47. Tom walked into the bank and ________（tie）his dog to a tree.
【答案】tied
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆把他的狗拴在一棵树上，走进银行。由and的前后一致性可知填空处应与前文的一般过去时保持一致，“tie”，动词，意为“栓，系”，过去式为“tied”。故填tied。
48. Tom did all he could ________ (avoid) all the punishment but failed.
【答案】to avoid
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆竭尽全力避免惩罚，但是失败了。avoid“避免”，动词；分析句子可知“竭尽全力”的目的是“避免惩罚”，故此处使用动词不定式表示目的。故填to avoid。
49. The earthquake has made hundreds of people ________ (home). We must help them.
【答案】homeless
【解析】
【详解】句意：地震让数百人无家可归。我们必须要帮助他们。home“家”，名词；make sb. adj.“使某人……”；根据“The earthquake has made hundreds of people...”可知，地震让人们无家可归，homeless“无家可归的”，形容词，作宾语补足语。故填homeless。
50. —Can you finish the work in time?
—I’m not sure. But I will surely finish it if I ________ (give) one more hour.
【答案】am given
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能按时完成那个工作吗？——我不确定。但是如果再给我一小时，我将一定完成它。give“给”，结合句意，主语I与谓语之间是被动关系，因此谓语动词用被动语态，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，主语I是第一人称单数形式，谓语用am given，故填am given。
C）根据句子内容，从下面方框中选择适当的短语填空，使句子内容完整正确。
help translate; from different backgrounds; volunteered for; received some training; an exciting experience
A: What did you do during the May Day Holiday?
B: Believe it or not, I ____51____ the marathon in our city.
A: Sounds great! What did you do then?
B: First, we ____52____. Then we were able to ____53____ for foreign athletes.
A: What ____54____ it was! Why were you willing to give up your spare time?
B: Because it is better to give than to take. Moreover, athletes and volunteers ____55____ felt like part of one big family.
【答案】51. volunteered for
52. received some training
53. help translate
54 an exciting experience
55. from different backgrounds
【解析】
【导语】本文是谈论五一假期的经历。
【51题详解】
根据“the marathon in our city”可知，此处是说参加了马拉松比赛的志愿者活动，故填volunteered for。
【52题详解】
根据“What did you do then?”可知，这里应该是回答要做的事情，指的是“参加了一些培训”，故填received some training。
【53题详解】
根据“for foreign athletes”及选词可知，应该是帮助外国运动员做翻译，故填help translate。
【54题详解】
根据“What...it was!”可知，这里是感叹句，应该是赞叹对方的这次经历是令人兴奋的，故填an exciting experience。
【55题详解】
根据“felt like part of one big family”及选词可知，不同背景的运动员和志愿者会感觉自己是大家庭中的一部分，故填from different backgrounds。
D）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。
56. 英国人认为在别人面前插队是粗鲁的。
British people think it’s rude to ______________________.
【答案】push in before others##cut in before others
【解析】
【详解】根据英汉对照可知，需要补充内容：“插队”push/cut in；“在别人前面”before others；题干句式结构为：it is adj. to do，其中it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正主语。故填push/cut in before others。
57. 对我们而言，与这些特殊运动员们密切合作，真是太棒了!
It’s great for us to ______________________.
【答案】work closely with these special athletes##work closely with these special players
【解析】
【详解】work closely with“与……密切合作”，空前有不定式符号to，此处动词用原形；这些these；特殊的special；运动员们athletes/players，故填work closely with these special athletes/players。
58. 这架飞机也被用作一个训练中心。
This plane is also ______________________.
【答案】used as a training centre##used as a training center
【解析】
【详解】固定短语be used as“被用作……”；a training centre/center“一个训练中心”。故填used as a training centre/center。
59. 在瑞士如玻璃类的东西被分类回收。
In Switzerland, things like glass are ______________________ and then recycled.
【答案】separated into different groups
【解析】
【详解】根据语境可知，本句为被动语态，构成为be + done；“被分类”可以理解为“分成不同类别”，由分成“separate into”；不同类别“different groups”。故填separated into different groups。
60. 记住，每个人都能做些事情来做些改变。
Remember that everyone can ______________________.
【答案】do something to make a difference
【解析】
【详解】do something表示“做一些事”，make a difference“有影响，做些改变”，结合句意，做些事的目的是做些改变，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填do something to make a difference。
六、阅读填空（满分20分，每小题1分）
A）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格内填入一个恰当的单词。（每空一词）
In March 2019, while Zhang Meng, an editor, was looking at Weibo, she found a comic strip that personified Chinese characters（汉字）by chance and was immediately attracted by its creativity. The story, created by Milehemilu called Word Man, took place in a world where citizens（市民）were all Chinese characters. They had to live according to the original meanings of the characters and radicals（the characters’ parts）were not allowed to live alone. Chou, which means ugliness in Chinese, met a fugitive（逃亡的）Tishoupang（“扌”that was running from the Radical Hunters. The two formed a new character Niu（“扭”）. Then they started an adventure（冒险）in the world of Chinese characters.
Milehemilu, born in 1997, represents（代表）a new generation of writers who are inspired by Chinese traditional culture. Before developing a story and the “personality” for a Chinese character, Milehemilu would first learn about the origin and development of its meanings.
Pan Liang, an editor, noticed that in the last three to four years, an increasing number of products related（相关的）to traditional Chinese culture have become popular among young people. “Chinese traditional culture has become a fashion these years possibly because people feel confident about our country and culture,” he says.
For example, Yu Qiuyu’s Lectures on Chinese Culture published in 2019 has sold more than 300,000 copies. It is a systematic explanation of Chinese traditional culture by the essayist and scholar. The Travel Guide to the Tang Dynasty is also one of the bestselling books. In an interesting and creative way, it talks about the historical background and social and cultural knowledge more than 1,000 years ago.
Pan says although there are a lot of books about traditional Chinese culture in the market, only if young people can find it interesting to read them can these books sell well.
The classics will finally stay after the sifting time, but “what we need to do is to change those cold texts into something alive, just like craftspeople”, Pan says, “which is quite challenging”.
Title: Traditional books back in fashion
Introduction
* More and more products about traditional culture have become a ____61____ among young people.
* Chinese traditional culture has become popular possibly because of people’s ____62____ in our country and culture.
Examples
Word Man
Story
* In the story, Chou met a ____63____ called
Tishoupang, formed a new character Niu and started an adventure.
Writer
* The writer, Milehemilu, ____64____ for the writers encouraged by traditional Chinese culture.
* Before creating the “personality” for a Chinese character, he would first learn about how its meanings originated and ____65____.
Lectures on Chinese Culture
* The ____66____ of the book, have reached over 300,000 copies.
* Yu Qiuyu ____67____ Chinese traditional culture systematically through the book.
The Travel Guide to the Tang Dynasty
* It introduces history and culture of the society ____68____ ten centuries ago.
Conclusion
* Whether books about traditional Chinese culture can sell well ____69____ on whether “young people can have fun in reading”.
* The texts of the classics need to be brought to _____70_____.
【答案】61. fashion
62. confidence
63. radical
64. stands 65. developed
66. sales 67. explains##explained
68. over 69. depends
70. life
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国文化这些年成为一种时尚，只有让有关中国文化的书籍变得有趣，这些书籍才能变得受欢迎。
【61题详解】
根据“Chinese traditional culture has become a fashion these years possibly because people feel confident about our country and culture”可知中国传统文化这些年成为一种时尚。故填fashion。
【62题详解】
根据“Chinese traditional culture has become a fashion these years possibly because people feel confident about our country and culture”可知中国传统文化这些年成为一种时尚，可能是因为人们对我们的国家和文化充满信心。故填confidence。
【63题详解】
根据“They had to live according to the original meanings of the characters and radicals...”可知他们必须按照汉字和部首的原意生活，故汉字“丑”遇到部首“扌”，一起组成了“扭”。故填radical。
【64题详解】
根据“Milehemilu, born in 1997, represents（代表）a new generation of writers who are inspired by Chinese traditional culture”可知Milehemilu代表着受中国传统文化启发的新一代作家，stand for“代表”，句子用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填stands。
【65题详解】
根据“Before developing a story and the “personality” for a Chinese character, Milehemilu would first learn about the origin and development of its meanings.”可知在为一个汉字发展一个故事和“个性”之前，米勒黑米卢首先要了解它的意义的起源和发展，develop“发展”，and前后动词形式保持一致。故填developed。
【66题详解】
根据“For example, Yu Qiuyu’s Lectures on Chinese Culture published in 2019 has sold more than 300,000 copies”可知余秋雨2019年出版的《中国文化讲座》销量超过30万册，销量：sale，此处用名词复数。故填sales。
【67题详解】
根据“It is a systematic explanation of Chinese traditional culture by the essayist and scholar”可知余秋雨通过本书系统地阐释了中国传统文化，explain“解释”，句子可使用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单三，也可用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填explains/explained。
【68题详解】
根据“it talks about the historical background and social and cultural knowledge more than 1,000 years ago.”可知它讲述了1000多年前的历史背景和社会文化知识，more than=over“多于”。故填over。
【69题详解】
根据“Pan says although there are a lot of books about traditional Chinese culture in the market, only if young people can find it interesting to read them can these books sell well.”可知只有让年轻人觉得有趣，这些书籍才能畅销，所以中国传统文化书籍能否畅销，取决于“年轻人能不能读得开心”，depend on“取决于”，描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是从句，谓语动词用单三。故填depends。
【70题详解】
根据“what we need to do is to change those cold texts into something alive”可知我们要做的就是把那些冰冷的文字变成有生命的东西，sth. be brought to life“某物被赋予生命”。故填life。
B）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The people were scared. They threw rocks at it and attacked it with pitchforks. When they had killed it, they used a horse to drag it away into a field.
M____71____ you wouldn’t do any of those things if you saw a hot-air balloon landing near your home. But back in 1783 very f____72____ people had ever seen such a thing.
Ballooning started with Joseph Montgolfier, who was not the type of person you’d expected to be an inventor. He didn’t like school and ran away from home as a teenager. As a grownup, he failed in business. He was very u____73____ his younger brother, Etienne, who was responsible and successful. But when Joseph started reading on his own, he discovered that he loved science and experiments. A lot of good science starts with s____74____ paying attention and thinking about what you’ve seen. Joseph made a common observation and then did something amazing with it.
Joseph noticed that hot air rises. He a____75____ noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it. If you’ve ever watched bits of ash（灰）rising with the smoke from a fire, you’ve seen it too. He wondered, what if I f____76____ a cloth bag with hot air? Would the rising air 1____77____ the bag? Only one way to find out!
Of course, bags filled with hot air r____78____ up. Soon, Joseph and Etienne were making larger and larger cloth bags, which they called balloons, the French word for the ball. They held public demonstrations, filling the balloons over a fire pit and l____79____ them go. The balloons went up and then came d______80______ as the air inside cooled off. Soon all the people in the Montgolfier’s hometown of Annonay were talking about balloons. Next, the brothers went to the great city of Paris to show off their new invention.
【答案】71. (M)aybe
72. (f)ew 73. (u)nlike
74. (s)imply
75. (a)lso 76. (f)illed
77. (l)ift 78. (r)ose
79. (l)etting
80. (d)own
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了约瑟夫·蒙戈尔发明热气球的具体过程以及热气球的原理。
【71题详解】
句意：如果你看到一个热气球在你家附近降落，也许你不会做这些事情。根据后文“you wouldn’t do any of those things”可推断，这里表示“可能你不会”，结合首字母可知，这里应用“maybe”表达“可能”（位于句首开头字母大写）。故填(M)aybe。
【72题详解】
句意：但是在1783年，很少有人见过这样的东西。结合前后文“But back in 1783”“people had ever seen such a thing.”可知，这里表示1978年的人没见过热气球这种东西，故此句为否定句，由“people”和首字母可推断此处应考查“few”表示“几乎没有”来修饰“people”。故填(f)ew。
【73题详解】
句意：他非常不像他的弟弟艾蒂安，一个负责任的成功人士。根据前文“Ballooning started with Joseph Montgolfier, who was not the type of person you’d expected to be an inventor. He didn’t like school and ran away from home as a teenager.”及后文“who was responsible and successful”可知这里表达约瑟夫·蒙戈尔跟弟弟艾蒂安完全不像，故填(u)nlike。
【74题详解】
句意：许多好的科学都是从简单地关注和思考你所看到的开始的。由“Joseph made a common observation and then did something amazing with it.”可知约瑟夫通过简单观察却做出不平凡的事，故推断空内表达“简单观察”，这里需要副词修饰动词短语“paying attention”，结合首字母可知，应用simply。故填(s)imply。
【75题详解】
句意：他还注意到上升的热空气可以携带固体物体。根据前文“Joseph noticed that hot air rises”及后文“noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it.”可知本句表达“注意到……还注意到……”，结合首字母可知这里考查“also”表示“也”。故填(a)lso
【76题详解】
句意：他想知道，如果我用热空气装满一个布袋会怎么样？由前文“Joseph noticed that hot air rises”及后文“noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it.”可知约瑟夫发现空气加热可以携带固体，由后文“a cloth bag with hot air?”可推断此处表达“如果我用热空气装满一个布袋会怎么样”fill with“装满，充满”，时态为一般过去时，故填(f)illed。
【77题详解】
句意：上升的空气会提起袋子吗？根据前文“Joseph noticed that hot air rises”及后文“noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it.”可知约瑟夫发现空气加热可以携带固体，这里表示猜测“空气上升时会提起袋子吗？”，结合首字母可知此处考查“lift”表示“抬起，升高”。故填(l)ift。
【78题详解】
句意：当然，充满热空气的袋子会上升。由前文“Would the rising air lift the bag? ”可知，当时的约瑟夫好奇它会不会上升，而由“Of course,”可断定“充满空气的袋子当然会上升”，结合首字母可知此处考查“rise”表达“上升”，时态为一般过去时，故填(r)ose。
【79题详解】
句意：他们举行公开演示，将气球置于在火坑上填充，然后放飞。根据前文“filling the balloons over a fire pit and”可知此处表达“让气球飞起来”，结合首字母可知这里考查“let”表示“让”，由“and”前的“filling”可推断填空处与其并列，应用动名词。故填(l)etting。
【80题详解】
句意：气球上升，然后随着里面的空气冷却下来。由“as the air inside cooled off. ”可推断当气球里面的空气冷却下来时，气球会降落下来，come down“下降”。故填(d)own。
七、书面表达（满分15分）
81. Nowadays, the Internet has improved students’ life. But at the same time, it needs a better environment.
You are a member of the Students’ Union and you are going to give a speech about the Internet in your school. Your speech should cover the main points in the chart below.
The Internet
change your life in many ways
study
communication
...
need a friendly and healthy environment
being polite and honest
spending time wisely
...
注意：
1. 语言通顺，要点齐全，并适当发挥。
2. 词数80左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
A speech on the Internet
Dear friends,
With the help of the Internet, great changes have taken place in our life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thank you for listening!
【答案】例文：
A speech on the Internet
Dear friends,
With the help of the Internet, great changes have taken place in our life. For example, we can study on the internet when we can’t go to school because of the COVID-19. And we can keep in touch with friends and classmates although we can’t meet. Besides, we can also know what is happening in the world without going abroad. How convenient it is to use the Internet!
But we need a friendly and healthy environment to make sure that we can use the Internet wisely and safely. When surfing the Internet, we should be polite and honest. Then, we should spend time wisely instead of losing ourselves in it. Finally, we shouldn’t depend too much on it or we will be lazier and lazier. Thank you for listening!
【解析】
【详解】1. 题干解读：题目要求以“A speech on the Internet”为题写一篇短文；要求包含表格中的提示内容，并适当发挥。
2. 写作指导： 此作文时态用一般现在时；采用第一人称口吻；可采用两段落格式，第一段：阐述互联网如何改变我们的生活；第二段：阐述如何创建一个友好、健康的网络环境。
英语练习卷
注意事项：
●本试卷共11页，全卷满分120分，考试时间为120分钟。试卷包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
●请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
●答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共60分）
一、听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
听对话回答第1—10小题。每段对话听两遍。
1. What is the girl's father busy doing?
A. B. C.
2. Which charity is mentioned in the conversation?
A. B. C.
3. What has the boy's grandfather just received?
A. B. C.
4. What can the man get for free?
A. B. C.
5. Which means of transport are they talking about?
A. B. C.
6. What does the man think of the people in Tokyo?
A. They are rude. B. They have good manners. C. They obey all the rules.
7. What kind of books does Michael like?
A. He likes books about history.
B. He likes books about school life.
C. He likes books about great people.
8. When can the woman take a train back?
A. 3：30 p.m. B. 4：00 p.m. C. 4：30 p.m.
9. How long has the man's wife worked in the factory?
A. 8 years. B. 10 years. C. 12 years.
10. What does the new law protect?
A. Animals. B. Children. C. The Environment.
听一段对话，回答第11—12小题。听两遍。
11. When was China's Project Hope started?
A. In 1989. B. In 1999. C. In 2006.
12. What does Liu Qiang usually do to help the poor children?
A. He sells his books to make money.
B. He does a part-time job in Project Hope.
C. He donates his pocket money and some other things.
听第一篇短文，回答第13—16小题。听两遍。
A NEW SNOOPY SHOW
A great success
The Snoopy series first came out 13 .
When and where to see the show
13The special programme can be seen on 14 on the Channel of Apple TV+.
What to see in the show
Charlie and friends want to play a 15 game but Charlie's 16 Sally notices a small flower and decides to protect it.
13. A. on TV B. in a book C. in newspapers
14. A. 15 May B. 15 April C. 16 April
15. A. basketball B. baseball C. soccer
16. A sister B. friend C. dog
听第二篇短文，回答第17—20小题。听两遍。
17. Bridge painters need to bring the following things to work except__________.
A. Special tools. B. Special clothes. C. Special drinks.
18. What does a bridge painter have to do before painting a famous bridge?
A. He has to go to college for education.
B. He needs to work with other painters.
C. He needs to have a lot of experience.
19. Who cannot be a bridge painter?
A. A person who is too short.
B. A person who is afraid of heights.
C. A person who likes working outdoors.
20. What can a bridge painter do during work?
A. Eat or drink. B. Go to the bathroom. C. See views far away.
二、单项选择（满分15分，每小题1分）
1. —Could you manage, if you don’t mind, ________ the work on time?
—No worries, I’m working on it.
A. finish B. finished C. finishing D. to finish
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——如果你不介意的话，你能按时完成这项工作吗？——别担心，我正在努力。
考查非谓语动词。“if you don’t mind”是插入语，此处是manage to do sth短语，意为“设法成功做某事”，故选D。
2. —How did you learn to do computer programming?
—________ taking an online course. I have already learnt to design some apps ________ this way.
A. By; on B. By; in C. With; in D. With; on
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你是怎样学习计算机编程的？——通过参加在线课程。我已经学会了用这种方式设计一些应用程序。
考查介词辨析。by通过；in在……里面；on在……上面；with有；根据语境可知，第一空指的是“通过”，应用介词by，结合“this way”可知，此处是in this way“用这种方法”，故选B。
3. AI will surely play an important role in our future lives. But it ________ be used in a proper way.
A. can B. will C. need D. must
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：人工智能肯定会在我们未来的生活中扮演重要的角色。但它必须以正确的方式使用。
考查情态动词。can能够，表示能力；will将要，表示意愿；need需要；must必须，表示要求。结合句意，人工智能要用正确的方式使用，此处表示要求，用情态动词must，故选D。
4. Leonardo, famous as an artist, also succeeded in many other different fields, ________ Biology and Geography.
A. include B. included C. including D. to include
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：作为一名艺术家，列奥纳多也在许多其他领域取得了成功，包括生物学和地理学。
考查介词用法。include包括，动词；included包括在内的，一般作后置定语；including介词；to include不定式。分析句子可知，空出在句子中作状语，需用介宾结构，故应用介词。故选C。
5. She was ill last week. But she is ________ to go to school today.
A. well enough B. enough well C. good enough D. enough good
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：上周她生病了。但是今天他足够好能去上学。
考查形容词。well表示身体健康的；good表示人的品行好，或事物的质地好；根据“She was ill last week.”和“to go to school today”可知，此处表示可以去上学了，因此身体健康，用形容词well，排除CD两项。enough表示“足够的”，修饰形容词或副词时，位于形容词或副词的后面。故选A。
6. According to the local government, lots of new railways ________ in order to improve the traffic situation in the next five years.
A. built B. will build C. will be built D. have been built
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：据当地政府称，为了改善未来五年的交通状况，将修建许多新铁路。
考查语态。句子主语“lots of new railways”与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动结构，结合“in the next five years”可知，要用一般将来时的被动，故选C。
7. —The cars made in Germany are more expensive than ________ made in Japan.
—Yes, you are right. But German cars seem safer.
A. it B. ones C. that D. those
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——德国制造的汽车比日本制造的汽车贵。——是的，你是对的。但是德国车似乎更安全。
考查代词辨析it指代单数名词，同物；ones指代复数名词，同名异物；that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词；those指代可数名词复数。由“cars”可知空出指代名词复数，故选D。
8. We are going out for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Simon to make sure ________ to meet.
A. why B. what C. when D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们明天要出去野餐。 我会打电话给西蒙确定见面的时间。
考查宾语从句。why为什么；what什么；when何时；which哪一个。根据“I’ll call Simon to make sure … to meet”可推断，要确定见面的时间，故选C。
9. The restaurant in Deji Plaza ________ for two months, but I ________ there so far.
A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been open; haven’t been
C. has been opened; haven’t been D. has been open; haven’t been to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：位于德基广场的那家餐馆已经开了两个月了，但是至今我还没有去过那里。
考查现在完成时。根据“for two months”可知，第一空应用现在完成时，且表示延续性动作，故用has been open；第二空表达“至今未去过某地”，用haven’t been to，由于“there”为副词，须去掉to，即haven’t been。故选B。
10. —Can you tell me how to save water?
—Of course. For example, collect rain water or ________ the water to do some cleaning after ________ your face.
A. reuse; wash B. reuse; washing C. reusing; wash D. reusing; washing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何节约用水吗？——当然可以。例如，收集雨水或者洗脸之后在重复使用水来做一些清洁。
考查非谓语动词。reuse重复使用；wash洗。此处是祈使句，第一空作谓语，用动词原形；after doing sth表示“做某事之后”，故选B。
11. Attention! Please! Without permission, children ________ in the lake.
A. don’t allow to swim B. don’t allow swimming
C. are not allowed to swim D. are not allowed to swimming
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：请注意！未经允许，孩子们不允许在湖里游泳。
考查语态。句子主语“children”与动词allow之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，故选C。
12. —Let’s go to the zoo this weekend.
—Dad, you said so last week and the week before. ________.
A. No pain, no gain B. Practice makes perfect
C. It never rains but pours D. Actions speak louder than words
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这个周末让我们去动物园吧。——爸爸，你上周和上上周就这么说。行动胜于空谈。
考查谚语。No pain, no gain没有付出，就没有收获；Practice makes perfect熟能生巧；It never rains but pours祸不单行；Actions speak louder than words事实胜于雄辩，行动胜于空谈。根据“you said so last week and the week before”可知，此处表示他爸爸只说不做，因此表示要让他采取行动，而不是只是口头上说说，故选D。
13. There is a ________ in the sentence “Other natural resources like coal, oil and natural gas dig up from the ground.”
A. missing word B. spelling mistake C. word usage mistake D. grammatical mistake
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：在“其他自然资源如煤、石油和天然气是从地下挖掘出来的”这句话中有一个语法错误。
考查名词词义辨析。missing word缺少单词；spelling mistake拼写错误；word usage mistake词汇使用错误；grammatical mistake语法错误。分析句子“Other natural resources like coal, oil and natural gas dig up from the ground”可知“煤、石油和天然气”是被挖掘出来的，应用被动语态，此句存在语法错误。故选D。
14. If you want to describe the inside of the school library, you’d better organize the ideas in ________.
A. space order B. time order C. general to specific D. specific to general
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果你想描述学校图书馆的内部，你最好按照空间的顺序构思。
考查名词辨析及常识。space order空间顺序；time order时间顺序；general to specific一般到特殊；specific to general特殊到一般。根据“If you want to describe the inside of the school library, you’d better organize the ideas in”可知，如果想介绍某个空间的内部结构，要按照空间的顺序来介绍，故选A。
15. —It shouldn’t take long to clear up if we all volunteer to help.
—________. Many hands make light work.
A. I’m not sure B. I’m afraid not C. Of course not D. I can’t agree more
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——如果我们都自愿帮忙的话，很快就会打扫干净的。——我完全同意。人多好办事。
考查情景交际。I’m not sure我不确定；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；Of course not当然不可以；I can’t agree more我完全同意。根据“Many hands make light work”可知，同意大家都帮忙，很快就打扫干净的说法，故选D。
三、完型填空（满分10分，每小题1分）
Jellyfish are badly named. They are neither a fish nor made of jelly. Instead, their bodies are ____16____ 95% water and 5% solid matter. They have been in existence for at least half a billion years. Yes, they are ____17____ than dinosaurs. Surprisingly, they don’t have a brain, a heart, or lungs（肺）. You may wonder how they can possibly survive without these vital organs, but ____18____ is for the best. They don’t have lungs because their skin is ____19____ thin that they can absorb（吸收）oxygen through it. They don’t need a heart to pump blood because they don’t have any. And they have a nerve net—which is sensitive to touch—below their outer skin. They respond to the changes in their environment using signals from the nerve net, so they don’t need a ____20____ to process complex thoughts.
Their variety is nearly endless. Most of them are umbrella—shaped and have tentacles（触角）. Some jellyfish have very long tentacles. ____21____, they never get tangled up or sting themselves. That’s because the tentacles are very slippery（滑的）and will only sting other animals. Most jellyfish have ____22____ or no vision, but they can detect light and ocean currents, which helps them to navigate and move. A few species can also recognize colour and have a 360-degree view of their environment.
Jellyfish come in all ____23____, from 0.5 millimeters to the giant Nomura’s jellyfish, which can measure up to two meters in diameter and weigh over 200 kilograms. While jellyfish are beautiful, they can also be ____24____. Some jellyfish toxins can be deadly to humans, such as those from the box jellyfish and the Australian Irukandji, but deaths are relatively rare given the number of jellyfish-sting victims every year. In any case, it’s better to stay _____25_____ the way of any jellyfish you may see! You can go swimming with dolphins, but you definitely want to think twice before swimming with jellyfish.
16. A. made in B. made of C. made from D. made up of
17. A. older B. bigger C. smaller D. younger
18. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
19. A. so B. too C. such D. very
20. A. lung B. brain C. heart D. tentacle
21. A. But B. Anyway C. However D. Otherwise
22. A. good B. much C. little D. a little
23. A. types B. sizes C. looks D. colours
24. A. pleasant B. dangerous C. surprising D. interesting
25. A. in B. on C. away D. out of
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍水母的身体特征，种类以及水母的外观，并说明有毒，告诉人们需要远离水母。
【16题详解】
句意：相反，它们的身体是有95%的水和5%固体物质组成。
be made in在……地方制造；be made of由……制作（看得见原材料）；be made from由……制造（看不见原材料）；be made up of由……组成。根据“95% water and 5% solid matter”可知，这里是介绍水母身体的组成成分。故选D。
【17题详解】
句意：是的，它们比恐龙出现的还早。
older更久的；bigger更大的；smaller更小的；younger更年轻的。根据前文“They have been in existence for at least half a billion years.”可知，水母在地球上存在至少有5亿年了。而恐龙在地球上生存时间约1.65亿年。所以水母比恐龙存在的时间更久。故选A。
【18题详解】
句意：你可能想知道没有这些关键的器官，它们怎么能生存的，但一切都是最好的安排。
nothing没什么；anything任何东西；something一些东西；everything每件事，一切。根据后文解释“They don’t have lungs because their skin is … thin that they can absorb（吸收）oxygen through it. They don’t need a heart to pump blood because they don’t have any. And they have a nerve net—which is sensitive to touch—below their outer skin. They respond to the changes in their environment using signals from the nerve net, so they don’t need a … to process complex thoughts.”可知，由于水母自身生长的特征，它们的皮肤可以呼吸，它们没有血液所以没有心脏，它们有神经网可以感知外面的环境。因此这里表达的是“一切的安排都是最好的”。故选D。
【19题详解】
句意：它们没有肺是因为它们的皮肤是如此之薄以至于能通过皮肤吸收氧气。
so如此；too也，太；such如此（后面加冠词+名词）；very很，非常。根据语境，这里考查so+形容词+that从句表示“如此……以至于……”。故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：它们用神经网信号来反射环境变化，因此它们不需要大脑加工复杂的想法。
lung肺；brain大脑；heart心脏；tentacle触角。根据“Surprisingly, they don’t have a brain, a heart, or lungs（肺）”可知，水母是没有大脑，心脏和肺的，前面已经介绍为什么没有肺和心脏。这里是介绍没有大脑是怎么感知外界的。故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：然而，触角永不缠绕在一起或刺到自己。
But但是；Anyway不管怎样；However然而；Otherwise否则。根据前文“Some jellyfish have very long tentacles”可知，一些水母有很长触角，“但是”触角是不会缠绕在一起或者刺到他们自己，这里表示转折，横线后有逗号。故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：大部分水母几乎没有或者就是没有视力，但它们可以察觉到光和洋流，这能帮助它们行进和移动。
good好的；much许多；little少，几乎没有；a little一点点。根据后面的“… or no vision, but they can detect light and ocean currents,”可知，它们不是通过视力感知光和洋流的。因此视力是“几乎没有”。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：水母大小不一，从0.5毫米到直径2米多，体重重达200公斤多的巨型越前水母。
types类型；sizes尺寸，大小；looks面貌；colours颜色。根据后文“from 0.5 millimeters to the giant Nomura’s jellyfish, which can measure up to two meters in diameter and weigh over 200 kilograms.”可知，这里说的是水母的“大小”。故选B。
【24题详解】
句意：尽管水母很漂亮，但是它们也很危险。
pleasant令人愉快的；dangerous危险的；surprising令人惊讶的；interesting有趣的。根据文“Some jellyfish toxins can be deadly to humans”可知，水母有毒且对人类是致命的。所以水母应该是“危险的”。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：在任何情况下，最好要远离任何你看到的水母。
in the way阻挡，妨碍；on the way在路上；away远离，后加from；out of the way远离。
根据前文“Some jellyfish toxins can be deadly to humans, such as those from the box jellyfish and …”可知，水母毒素对人类是致命的，因此要“远离”它们。故选D。
四、阅读理解（满分15分，每小题1分）
（A）
26. Where can you take part in the activity Lost and Found?
A. At Arts Council of England. B. At mayor’s office of London.
C. At London Transport Museum. D. At London Transport’s Lost Property Office.
27. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the poster?
A. Children don’t need to pay for the tickets.
B. The activity will last for more than two weeks.
C. You can meet Emily Rand and Kate Wilkinson.
D The things on show are donated by children’s authors.
【答案】26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是失物招领的告示。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“London Transport Museum”可知，可以在伦敦交通博物馆参加失物招领活动，故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Discover the curious world of London Transport’s Lost Property Office”和“Meet children’s authors Emily Rand and Kate Wilkinson on selected dates”可知，失物招领处是人们丢失和捡到的东西，没有说展出的东西都是儿童作家捐赠的，只是说在选定的日期与儿童作家艾米丽·兰德和凯特·威尔金森见面。故选D。
（B）
After her college closed for the first lockdown in March 2020 Finty Royle was looking for something to do in her community to help people. When a local company said that it wanted someone to deliver free meals for families in need, it was perfect for Royle. She cycled 25 miles around her area every day to hand out the meals. Speaking to The Week Junior, she said, “The children got very excited to see me every day. There was even one family who had drawn a picture in chalk of someone cycling through a rainbow in front of their house.”
Royle, aged 19, has now become a youth member of a charity called Magic Breakfast, which aims to provide pupils across the UK with healthy breakfasts to help them learn as well as they can at school. She says the best thing you can have for breakfast is porridge because it’s good for you and it keeps you going for the whole morning.
Magic Breakfast’s youth members, including Royle, have written to Prime Minister Boris Johnson to ask him to increase the government’s funding for free school breakfasts by £75 million. As food prices rise across the UK, more families may find it hard to afford school meals. Royle believes it is important to try your best to help your local community. “You can create change yourself,” she said.
28. From the text, we know that Boris Johnson is ________.
A. a college student B. an artist drawing with chalk
C. the Prime Minister of the UK D. a deliverman in a local company
29. Magic Breakfast was set up in order to ________.
A. deliver free meals for families in their community
B. help poor children to learn without worrying about meals
C. increase the government’s funding for free school breakfast
D. write to the Prime Minister to increase the government’s funding
30. More families may find it hard to afford school meals because ________.
A. there is a lockdown in the UK
B. food prices are becoming higher
C. the schools don’t want to provide free meals
D. Magic Breakfast only delivers free meals to poor families
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了大学生Finty Royle在封锁期间在社区为有需要的家庭分发饭菜，她也加入了慈善机构“魔法早餐”，他们写信要求政府增加为免费学校早餐提供的资金。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Prime Minister Boris Johnson”可知Boris Johnson是英国首相。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“called Magic Breakfast, which aims to provide pupils across the UK with healthy breakfasts to help them learn as well as they can at school”可知该慈善机构旨在为英国各地的学生提供健康的早餐，帮助贫困儿童学习，让他们不用担心吃饭问题。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As food prices rise across the UK, more families may find it hard to afford school meals.”可知随着英国各地食品价格的上涨，越来越多的家庭可能会发现难以负担学校的伙食费用。故选B。
（C）
What did your street look like a hundred years ago? It has probably changed over time. U.S. Route 66 was a road that saw many changes, too. This famous road has been written about in books. It has been the subject of TV shows and songs. Route 66 stretched 2,448 miles (3,940 km)across the United States, and it carried a lot of history.
For hundreds of years, native Americans followed animal tracks to hunt. Later, mountain men blazed trails along the same paths in order to set their fur traps. Next came the pioneers moving west in wagons. Gold was discovered in California in 1849. People used the same route to seek their fortunes（财富）there. About 10 years later, railroads were built along the flat and wide route.
In 1908, Henry Ford began to manufacture automobiles. Motorists took off into the countryside. They wanted to drive on paved roads! In 1926, Route 66 became an official U.S. highway. It was the first paved road to run all the way from Illinois to California. During the 1930s and '40s, people drove west on U.S. Route 66. They were looking for work on farms and in wartime plants. In the 1950s and '60s, many Americans enjoyed taking road trips. They drove along Route 66 to visit the Grand Canyon and Disneyland.
Wider, straighter, and safer highways were built. Old Route 66 was used less and less. In 1985, it was officially removed from the U. S. highway system. The parts that still exist today are called Historic Route 66. Most of the old Route 66 filling stations, diners, and motels are closed. But U.S. Route 66 is still remembered as a road of dreams that carried people west.
31. U.S. Route 66 is important in America because ________.
A. it records part of the history B. it is a paved road to the west
C. people have to use the road to find gold D. people have to pass the way across America
32. What does the underlined word “motorists” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. people in need of gold B. people driving cars to travel
C. the pioneers moving west in wagons D. native Americans following animal tracks
33. What is the best title for the text?
A. Road trips to the west of America B. The official high ways in America
C. The history of American high ways D. A historical main road in America
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了美国著名的66号公路的历史及意义。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Route 66 stretched 2,448 miles（3,940 km）across the United States, and it carried a lot of history.”可知，66号公路承载了许多的历史。故选A。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第一、二、三句“In 1908, Henry Ford began to manufacture automobiles. Motorists took off into the countryside. They wanted to drive on paved roads!”可知，福特开始制造汽车，这些开汽车的人能够开车在这铺好的路上行驶，由此可推断出，划线单词是指那些开着汽车沿着这条路旅行的人。故选B。
【33题详解】
标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“Route 66 stretched 2,448 miles（3,940 km）across the United States, and it carried a lot of history.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国的一条具有历史意义的主公路。故选D。
（D）
What do Batman, Black Panther, Spider-Man and Superman all have in common? Not only are they all superheroes, they’re all orphans too.
Bruce Wayne is inspired to fight crime as Batman after his parents are killed in a robbery. Peter Parker is raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben after his parents die in a plane crash. The alien Kal-El, otherwise known as Superman, is sent to Earth by his parents before his home planet of Krypton is destroyed. Upon his arrival he is discovered by Martha and Jonathan Kent, who raise him as their own. T’chala means “Orphan King”, after he takes the title of Black Panther from his late father.
Now, a new exhibition at London’s Foundling Museum is exploring the way orphans are shown in comics and other types art from around the world. Opened in 2004, the Foundling Museum was built on the site of the Foundling Hospital, which looked after children who had been left without people to care for them. “Foundling” is a term used for children who have been given up by their parents and left somewhere for others to find. The Foundling Hospital still works today with the children’s charity Coram. Superheroes, Orphans & Origins: 125 Years in Comics looks at famous DC and Marvel comic book characters, old newspaper comic strips, graphic novels such as Zenobia and Japanese manga including Sunny. The collection includes international comics rarely seen in the UK, and original art drawn for the exhibition, such as Up in Flames by Woodrow Phoenix.
The exhibition runs until 28 August. You have to book but under-21s get in free. You can find out more about the show at tinyurl.com/TWJ-comicorigins.
34. Who used to be called “Orphan King”?
A. Batman. B. Superman. C. Spider-Man. D. Black Panther.
35. The underlined word “alien” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. a super hero without parents B. a popular cartoon character
C. a living thing from other planets D. a super hero with special abilities
36. If you want to watch the exhibition, you should ________.
A. read graphic novels such as Zenobia
B. go to London’s Foundling Museum directly
C. order a ticket before you attend the exhibition
D. enjoy it on the website tinyurl.com/TWJ-comicorigins
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. C
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了蝙蝠侠、黑豹、蜘蛛侠和超人不仅是超级英雄，而且都是孤儿，重点介绍了伦敦弃儿博物馆。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“T’chala means “Orphan King”, after he takes the title of Black Panther from his late father.”可知，Black Panther曾被称为“孤儿王”，故选D。
【35题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“The alien Kal-El, ... is sent to Earth by his parents before his home planet of Krypton is destroyed.”可知Kal-El来自地球外的星系，由此可知alien意为“外星人”，故选C｡
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“You have to book but under-21s get in free.”可知，要想看展览，你应该在参加展览之前订一张票。故选C。
（E）
A new study has found that people who lived in ancient(long ago) Britain quickly evolved to deal with a lack of sunlight. Evolution is when living things change over time to survive. Jonathan Terhorst from the University of Michigan and Lain Mathieson from the University of Pennsylvania, both in the US, looked at data from the genes of 529 people who lived in Britain over the past 4,500 years. DNA in genes is a chemical that carries all the information about your body.
The team found that the levels of vitamin D and calcium in humans’ bodies in Britain suddenly increased. Vitamin D is a substance that humans make naturally when their skin is exposed to sunlight, and it helps bones to grow straight and strong.
Humans evolved in Africa, where there is plenty of sunshine. However, when they moved to places like Britain, where there is not much sunlight, they were faced with a problem—many of them couldn’t make much vitamin D. The earliest arrivals in Britain got vitamin D by eating oily fish but people gradually moved to growing crops instead of fishing. This made them short of the essential vitamin. The researchers found that around this time, humans in Britain quickly evolved to have pale skin, which absorbs more light for making vitamin D. This change was an example of natural selection, which is when hard conditions make particular genes needed for survival. Those who have the genes are more likely to survive and pass their genes on to the next generation.
You can also make up for a lack of vitamin D by eating more calcium, which helps bones grow. Milk is a source of calcium but to digest(消化) it you need to make a substance in your gut called lactase. Many people across the world can’t make lactase when they grow up. However, the study found that early people in Britain evolved to keep on producing lactase even as adults. This meant they could carry on drinking milk—so they kept cows. This extra calcium, along with their pale skin’s use of what sunshine there was, helped them survive.
37. In ancient Britain, people evolved in order to ________.
A. have pale skin B. take more vitamin D
C. get used to the weather D. make more lactase to digest milk
38. People should ________, if they cannot get enough vitamin D.
A. drink little milk B. change their genes
C. move to places like Britain D. take part in more outdoor activities
39. British people have stronger abilities to ________ than many people all over the world.
A. digest milk B. keep cows C. catch oily fish D. change their genes
40. Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage?
① Humans evolved in Africa.
② British people evolved to digest milk better.
③ People started growing more crops instead of fishing.
④ British people ate oily fish for more vitamin D.
A. ①④③② B. ④②①③ C. ①③④② D. ③①②④
【答案】37. C 38. D 39. A 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍一项新的研究发现，生活在古代英国的人们能够迅速进化，以此应对阳光缺乏的问题。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段首句“...people who lived in ancient(long ago) Britain quickly evolved to deal with a lack of sunlight”可知，古代英国人们进化是为了应对阳光缺乏问题，即适应气候的变化。故选C。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Vitamin D is a substance that humans make naturally when their skin is exposed to sunlight”可知，维生素D是人类皮肤暴露在阳光下时自然产生的一种物质，因此多参加户外运动有助于获取维生素D。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Milk is a source of calcium but to digest(消化) it you need to make a substance in your gut called lactase. Many people across the world can’t make lactase when they grow up. However, the study found that early people in Britain evolved to keep on producing lactase even as adults”可知，消化牛奶需要产生乳糖酶这种物质，而全世界许多人成年之后无法再产生这种物质，英国的早期人类即便成年之后依然可以产生乳糖酶消化牛奶。因此他们有更强的消化牛奶的能力。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Humans evolved in Africa, where there is plenty of sunshine”，“The earliest arrivals in Britain got vitamin D by eating oily fish”，“but people gradually moved to growing crops instead of fishing”以及最后一段“early people in Britain evolved to keep on producing lactase even as adults”可知，首先人类在充满阳光的非洲进化；迁往英国之后缺乏阳光，无法产生足够的维生素D，凭借吃油性鱼类获取维生素D；后来人类又慢慢搬迁到种植作物而不是捕鱼的地方；最后人类进化体内产生乳酸酶，可以更好地消化牛奶吸收钙质。故选A。
第II卷 非选择题（共60分）
五、基础知识检测（满分共25分。61—75每小题1分，76—80每小题2分。）
A）根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
41. I sat ________（在……对面）him during the meal.
【答案】opposite
【解析】
【详解】句意：吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。根据所给汉意此处表达介词opposite“在……对面”。故填opposite。
42. Coronavirus cases and COVID-19 hospitalizations rose in recent weeks, as Omicron subvariants have ________（扩散）across the America.
【答案】spread
【解析】
【详解】句意：最近几周，随着奥密克戎在美国各地传播，冠状病毒病例和COVID-19住院人数增加了。spread“扩散”，动词，结合“have”可知，空处用过去分词，构成现在完成时，故填spread。
43. I’ll stay up all night, if ________ (必要的), to get it finished.
【答案】necessary
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果有必要，我会熬通宵把它做完。necessary“必要的”，是形容词，此处是省略句，if it is necessary省略了it is，此处作为系动词is的表语，用形容词，故填necessary。
44. She works hard to a________ her dream of becoming a famous writer.
【答案】(a)chieve
【解析】
【详解】句意：她努力工作以实现成为著名作家的梦想。根据“She works hard”以及空格后的“her dream”可知，空格所填词和空格前的to一起构成动词不定式表目的。根据首字母提示可知，她努力工作的目的是实现她的梦想，考查短语achieve one’s dream“实现某人的梦想”。故填(a)chieve。
45. Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys, e________ in April and May.
【答案】(e)specially
【解析】
【详解】句意：数以百万计的野花点缀着山谷，尤其是在四月和五月。根据“Millions of wild flowers colour the valleys”可知此处表达“尤其是四月和五月”，结合首字母可知，此处考查副词“especially”，意为“尤其，特别”。故填(e)specially。
B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
46. If you often have trouble ________ (make) a decision in your daily life, just listen to the speech, How to Make a Choice, this Friday afternoon.
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】句意：如果你在日常生活中经常很难做出决定，那么就听听本周五下午的演讲“如何做出选择”。have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”，是固定短语，空处用动名词，故填making。
47. Tom walked into the bank and ________（tie）his dog to a tree.
【答案】tied
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆把他的狗拴在一棵树上，走进银行。由and的前后一致性可知填空处应与前文的一般过去时保持一致，“tie”，动词，意为“栓，系”，过去式为“tied”。故填tied。
48. Tom did all he could ________ (avoid) all the punishment but failed.
【答案】to avoid
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆竭尽全力避免惩罚，但是失败了。avoid“避免”，动词；分析句子可知“竭尽全力”的目的是“避免惩罚”，故此处使用动词不定式表示目的。故填to avoid。
49. The earthquake has made hundreds of people ________ (home). We must help them.
【答案】homeless
【解析】
【详解】句意：地震让数百人无家可归。我们必须要帮助他们。home“家”，名词；make sb. adj.“使某人……”；根据“The earthquake has made hundreds of people...”可知，地震让人们无家可归，homeless“无家可归的”，形容词，作宾语补足语。故填homeless。
50. —Can you finish the work in time?
—I’m not sure. But I will surely finish it if I ________ (give) one more hour.
【答案】am given
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能按时完成那个工作吗？——我不确定。但是如果再给我一小时，我将一定完成它。give“给”，结合句意，主语I与谓语之间是被动关系，因此谓语动词用被动语态，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，主语I是第一人称单数形式，谓语用am given，故填am given。
C）根据句子内容，从下面方框中选择适当的短语填空，使句子内容完整正确。
help translate; from different backgrounds; volunteered for; received some training; an exciting experience
A: What did you do during the May Day Holiday?
B: Believe it or not, I ____51____ the marathon in our city.
A: Sounds great! What did you do then?
B: First, we ____52____. Then we were able to ____53____ for foreign athletes.
A: What ____54____ it was! Why were you willing to give up your spare time?
B: Because it is better to give than to take. Moreover, athletes and volunteers ____55____ felt like part of one big family.
【答案】51. volunteered for
52. received some training
53. help translate
54 an exciting experience
55. from different backgrounds
【解析】
【导语】本文是谈论五一假期的经历。
【51题详解】
根据“the marathon in our city”可知，此处是说参加了马拉松比赛的志愿者活动，故填volunteered for。
【52题详解】
根据“What did you do then?”可知，这里应该是回答要做的事情，指的是“参加了一些培训”，故填received some training。
【53题详解】
根据“for foreign athletes”及选词可知，应该是帮助外国运动员做翻译，故填help translate。
【54题详解】
根据“What...it was!”可知，这里是感叹句，应该是赞叹对方的这次经历是令人兴奋的，故填an exciting experience。
【55题详解】
根据“felt like part of one big family”及选词可知，不同背景的运动员和志愿者会感觉自己是大家庭中的一部分，故填from different backgrounds。
D）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。
56. 英国人认为在别人面前插队是粗鲁的。
British people think it’s rude to ______________________.
【答案】push in before others##cut in before others
【解析】
【详解】根据英汉对照可知，需要补充内容：“插队”push/cut in；“在别人前面”before others；题干句式结构为：it is adj. to do，其中it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正主语。故填push/cut in before others。
57. 对我们而言，与这些特殊运动员们密切合作，真是太棒了!
It’s great for us to ______________________.
【答案】work closely with these special athletes##work closely with these special players
【解析】
【详解】work closely with“与……密切合作”，空前有不定式符号to，此处动词用原形；这些these；特殊的special；运动员们athletes/players，故填work closely with these special athletes/players。
58. 这架飞机也被用作一个训练中心。
This plane is also ______________________.
【答案】used as a training centre##used as a training center
【解析】
【详解】固定短语be used as“被用作……”；a training centre/center“一个训练中心”。故填used as a training centre/center。
59. 在瑞士如玻璃类的东西被分类回收。
In Switzerland, things like glass are ______________________ and then recycled.
【答案】separated into different groups
【解析】
【详解】根据语境可知，本句为被动语态，构成为be + done；“被分类”可以理解为“分成不同类别”，由分成“separate into”；不同类别“different groups”。故填separated into different groups。
60. 记住，每个人都能做些事情来做些改变。
Remember that everyone can ______________________.
【答案】do something to make a difference
【解析】
【详解】do something表示“做一些事”，make a difference“有影响，做些改变”，结合句意，做些事的目的是做些改变，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填do something to make a difference。
六、阅读填空（满分20分，每小题1分）
A）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格内填入一个恰当的单词。（每空一词）
In March 2019, while Zhang Meng, an editor, was looking at Weibo, she found a comic strip that personified Chinese characters（汉字）by chance and was immediately attracted by its creativity. The story, created by Milehemilu called Word Man, took place in a world where citizens（市民）were all Chinese characters. They had to live according to the original meanings of the characters and radicals（the characters’ parts）were not allowed to live alone. Chou, which means ugliness in Chinese, met a fugitive（逃亡的）Tishoupang（“扌”that was running from the Radical Hunters. The two formed a new character Niu（“扭”）. Then they started an adventure（冒险）in the world of Chinese characters.
Milehemilu, born in 1997, represents（代表）a new generation of writers who are inspired by Chinese traditional culture. Before developing a story and the “personality” for a Chinese character, Milehemilu would first learn about the origin and development of its meanings.
Pan Liang, an editor, noticed that in the last three to four years, an increasing number of products related（相关的）to traditional Chinese culture have become popular among young people. “Chinese traditional culture has become a fashion these years possibly because people feel confident about our country and culture,” he says.
For example, Yu Qiuyu’s Lectures on Chinese Culture published in 2019 has sold more than 300,000 copies. It is a systematic explanation of Chinese traditional culture by the essayist and scholar. The Travel Guide to the Tang Dynasty is also one of the bestselling books. In an interesting and creative way, it talks about the historical background and social and cultural knowledge more than 1,000 years ago.
Pan says although there are a lot of books about traditional Chinese culture in the market, only if young people can find it interesting to read them can these books sell well.
The classics will finally stay after the sifting time, but “what we need to do is to change those cold texts into something alive, just like craftspeople”, Pan says, “which is quite challenging”.
Title: Traditional books back in fashion
Introduction
* More and more products about traditional culture have become a ____61____ among young people.
* Chinese traditional culture has become popular possibly because of people’s ____62____ in our country and culture.
Examples
Word Man
Story
* In the story, Chou met a ____63____ called
Tishoupang, formed a new character Niu and started an adventure.
Writer
* The writer, Milehemilu, ____64____ for the writers encouraged by traditional Chinese culture.
* Before creating the “personality” for a Chinese character, he would first learn about how its meanings originated and ____65____.
Lectures on Chinese Culture
* The ____66____ of the book, have reached over 300,000 copies.
* Yu Qiuyu ____67____ Chinese traditional culture systematically through the book.
The Travel Guide to the Tang Dynasty
* It introduces history and culture of the society ____68____ ten centuries ago.
Conclusion
* Whether books about traditional Chinese culture can sell well ____69____ on whether “young people can have fun in reading”.
* The texts of the classics need to be brought to _____70_____.
【答案】61. fashion
62. confidence
63. radical
64. stands 65. developed
66. sales 67. explains##explained
68. over 69. depends
70. life
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国文化这些年成为一种时尚，只有让有关中国文化的书籍变得有趣，这些书籍才能变得受欢迎。
【61题详解】
根据“Chinese traditional culture has become a fashion these years possibly because people feel confident about our country and culture”可知中国传统文化这些年成为一种时尚。故填fashion。
【62题详解】
根据“Chinese traditional culture has become a fashion these years possibly because people feel confident about our country and culture”可知中国传统文化这些年成为一种时尚，可能是因为人们对我们的国家和文化充满信心。故填confidence。
【63题详解】
根据“They had to live according to the original meanings of the characters and radicals...”可知他们必须按照汉字和部首的原意生活，故汉字“丑”遇到部首“扌”，一起组成了“扭”。故填radical。
【64题详解】
根据“Milehemilu, born in 1997, represents（代表）a new generation of writers who are inspired by Chinese traditional culture”可知Milehemilu代表着受中国传统文化启发的新一代作家，stand for“代表”，句子用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填stands。
【65题详解】
根据“Before developing a story and the “personality” for a Chinese character, Milehemilu would first learn about the origin and development of its meanings.”可知在为一个汉字发展一个故事和“个性”之前，米勒黑米卢首先要了解它的意义的起源和发展，develop“发展”，and前后动词形式保持一致。故填developed。
【66题详解】
根据“For example, Yu Qiuyu’s Lectures on Chinese Culture published in 2019 has sold more than 300,000 copies”可知余秋雨2019年出版的《中国文化讲座》销量超过30万册，销量：sale，此处用名词复数。故填sales。
【67题详解】
根据“It is a systematic explanation of Chinese traditional culture by the essayist and scholar”可知余秋雨通过本书系统地阐释了中国传统文化，explain“解释”，句子可使用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单三，也可用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填explains/explained。
【68题详解】
根据“it talks about the historical background and social and cultural knowledge more than 1,000 years ago.”可知它讲述了1000多年前的历史背景和社会文化知识，more than=over“多于”。故填over。
【69题详解】
根据“Pan says although there are a lot of books about traditional Chinese culture in the market, only if young people can find it interesting to read them can these books sell well.”可知只有让年轻人觉得有趣，这些书籍才能畅销，所以中国传统文化书籍能否畅销，取决于“年轻人能不能读得开心”，depend on“取决于”，描述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是从句，谓语动词用单三。故填depends。
【70题详解】
根据“what we need to do is to change those cold texts into something alive”可知我们要做的就是把那些冰冷的文字变成有生命的东西，sth. be brought to life“某物被赋予生命”。故填life。
B）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The people were scared. They threw rocks at it and attacked it with pitchforks. When they had killed it, they used a horse to drag it away into a field.
M____71____ you wouldn’t do any of those things if you saw a hot-air balloon landing near your home. But back in 1783 very f____72____ people had ever seen such a thing.
Ballooning started with Joseph Montgolfier, who was not the type of person you’d expected to be an inventor. He didn’t like school and ran away from home as a teenager. As a grownup, he failed in business. He was very u____73____ his younger brother, Etienne, who was responsible and successful. But when Joseph started reading on his own, he discovered that he loved science and experiments. A lot of good science starts with s____74____ paying attention and thinking about what you’ve seen. Joseph made a common observation and then did something amazing with it.
Joseph noticed that hot air rises. He a____75____ noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it. If you’ve ever watched bits of ash（灰）rising with the smoke from a fire, you’ve seen it too. He wondered, what if I f____76____ a cloth bag with hot air? Would the rising air 1____77____ the bag? Only one way to find out!
Of course, bags filled with hot air r____78____ up. Soon, Joseph and Etienne were making larger and larger cloth bags, which they called balloons, the French word for the ball. They held public demonstrations, filling the balloons over a fire pit and l____79____ them go. The balloons went up and then came d______80______ as the air inside cooled off. Soon all the people in the Montgolfier’s hometown of Annonay were talking about balloons. Next, the brothers went to the great city of Paris to show off their new invention.
【答案】71. (M)aybe
72. (f)ew 73. (u)nlike
74. (s)imply
75. (a)lso 76. (f)illed
77. (l)ift 78. (r)ose
79. (l)etting
80. (d)own
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了约瑟夫·蒙戈尔发明热气球的具体过程以及热气球的原理。
【71题详解】
句意：如果你看到一个热气球在你家附近降落，也许你不会做这些事情。根据后文“you wouldn’t do any of those things”可推断，这里表示“可能你不会”，结合首字母可知，这里应用“maybe”表达“可能”（位于句首开头字母大写）。故填(M)aybe。
【72题详解】
句意：但是在1783年，很少有人见过这样的东西。结合前后文“But back in 1783”“people had ever seen such a thing.”可知，这里表示1978年的人没见过热气球这种东西，故此句为否定句，由“people”和首字母可推断此处应考查“few”表示“几乎没有”来修饰“people”。故填(f)ew。
【73题详解】
句意：他非常不像他的弟弟艾蒂安，一个负责任的成功人士。根据前文“Ballooning started with Joseph Montgolfier, who was not the type of person you’d expected to be an inventor. He didn’t like school and ran away from home as a teenager.”及后文“who was responsible and successful”可知这里表达约瑟夫·蒙戈尔跟弟弟艾蒂安完全不像，故填(u)nlike。
【74题详解】
句意：许多好的科学都是从简单地关注和思考你所看到的开始的。由“Joseph made a common observation and then did something amazing with it.”可知约瑟夫通过简单观察却做出不平凡的事，故推断空内表达“简单观察”，这里需要副词修饰动词短语“paying attention”，结合首字母可知，应用simply。故填(s)imply。
【75题详解】
句意：他还注意到上升的热空气可以携带固体物体。根据前文“Joseph noticed that hot air rises”及后文“noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it.”可知本句表达“注意到……还注意到……”，结合首字母可知这里考查“also”表示“也”。故填(a)lso
【76题详解】
句意：他想知道，如果我用热空气装满一个布袋会怎么样？由前文“Joseph noticed that hot air rises”及后文“noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it.”可知约瑟夫发现空气加热可以携带固体，由后文“a cloth bag with hot air?”可推断此处表达“如果我用热空气装满一个布袋会怎么样”fill with“装满，充满”，时态为一般过去时，故填(f)illed。
【77题详解】
句意：上升的空气会提起袋子吗？根据前文“Joseph noticed that hot air rises”及后文“noticed that rising hot air can carry solid（固体的）objects with it.”可知约瑟夫发现空气加热可以携带固体，这里表示猜测“空气上升时会提起袋子吗？”，结合首字母可知此处考查“lift”表示“抬起，升高”。故填(l)ift。
【78题详解】
句意：当然，充满热空气的袋子会上升。由前文“Would the rising air lift the bag? ”可知，当时的约瑟夫好奇它会不会上升，而由“Of course,”可断定“充满空气的袋子当然会上升”，结合首字母可知此处考查“rise”表达“上升”，时态为一般过去时，故填(r)ose。
【79题详解】
句意：他们举行公开演示，将气球置于在火坑上填充，然后放飞。根据前文“filling the balloons over a fire pit and”可知此处表达“让气球飞起来”，结合首字母可知这里考查“let”表示“让”，由“and”前的“filling”可推断填空处与其并列，应用动名词。故填(l)etting。
【80题详解】
句意：气球上升，然后随着里面的空气冷却下来。由“as the air inside cooled off. ”可推断当气球里面的空气冷却下来时，气球会降落下来，come down“下降”。故填(d)own。
七、书面表达（满分15分）
81. Nowadays, the Internet has improved students’ life. But at the same time, it needs a better environment.
You are a member of the Students’ Union and you are going to give a speech about the Internet in your school. Your speech should cover the main points in the chart below.
The Internet
change your life in many ways
study
communication
...
need a friendly and healthy environment
being polite and honest
spending time wisely
...
注意：
1. 语言通顺，要点齐全，并适当发挥。
2. 词数80左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
A speech on the Internet
Dear friends,
With the help of the Internet, great changes have taken place in our life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thank you for listening!
【答案】例文：
A speech on the Internet
Dear friends,
With the help of the Internet, great changes have taken place in our life. For example, we can study on the internet when we can’t go to school because of the COVID-19. And we can keep in touch with friends and classmates although we can’t meet. Besides, we can also know what is happening in the world without going abroad. How convenient it is to use the Internet!
But we need a friendly and healthy environment to make sure that we can use the Internet wisely and safely. When surfing the Internet, we should be polite and honest. Then, we should spend time wisely instead of losing ourselves in it. Finally, we shouldn’t depend too much on it or we will be lazier and lazier. Thank you for listening!
【解析】
【详解】1. 题干解读：题目要求以“A speech on the Internet”为题写一篇短文；要求包含表格中的提示内容，并适当发挥。
2. 写作指导： 此作文时态用一般现在时；采用第一人称口吻；可采用两段落格式，第一段：阐述互联网如何改变我们的生活；第二段：阐述如何创建一个友好、健康的网络环境。
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