新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习练案5必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters

练案[5]　必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS

Ⅰ.完形填空

(2023·苏锡常镇四市一调)

I was driving on the freeway when I saw a sign.It  1.A　 drivers that chains would be required to cross the mountain.It took me quite some time to get the chains on.When I got to a spot where it was no longer snowing，I took the chains off so I could drive at a(n)  2.C　 speed.

Suddenly，I  3.B　 another snowy, icy patch in the road.My car spun out into a snowdrift.I thought of  4.D　 some tree branches and placing them under my tires, but it was so cold outside that my hands weren't working  5.A　.I got inside the car and called American Automobile Association(AAA)．

A Russian man came up to my window and said hello.Before I could say too much, he and his three sons were already  6.C　 to push my car.I got out of my car and  7.B　 them.

It was past midnight and they could have decided that AAA would  8.A　 the situation after our initial  9.D　 failed.Yet, they stayed with me for nearly 45 minutes as we kept trying  10.C　 things to get the car out of the snow, insistent that they wouldn't leave until I was  11.D　.

At first，I was a little  12.A　 about being stuck in the freezing weather at such a late hour, but their cheerful attitude changed the whole  13.B　 and lifted my spirits.

After nearly 45 minutes of hard work when my car was finally free, they didn't even  14.C　 around long enough for me to get their names.They just ran toward their truck,  15.D　 a bit on the ice, and yelled back “Drive Slowly”， like true smile heroes!

语篇导读：“我”在山上驾车时被困在雪中，在打电话求救后的等待过程中，“我”偶遇了好心人。在他们的帮助下，“我”脱离了困境。

1．A.warned  B．encouraged

C．promised  D．taught

解析：根据空后的“chains would be required to cross the mountain”可知，标牌上提醒司机说， 穿越此山需要给车加防滑链。故选A。

2．A.slow  B．average

C．normal  D．top

解析：根据空前的“When I got to a spot...snowing，I took the chains off”可知，到达不再下雪的地点时，“我”取下链条，让汽车以正常速度行驶。故选C。

3．A.missed out  B．came upon

C．looked for  D．pulled off

解析：根据空前的“Suddenly”和空后的“spun out into a snowdrift”可知，“我”突然遇到了另一个被雪覆盖的结冰的地方。come upon“偶然遇见”符合语境。miss out“错失机会，遗漏”；pull off“做成，驶离(道路)”。故选B。

4．A.removing  B．burning

C．destroying  D．breaking

解析：根据空后的“some tree branches...tires”并结合常识可知，“我”想折断一些树枝，垫到轮胎下面。故选D。

5．A.properly  B．casually

C．creatively  D．comfortably

解析：根据空前的“it was so cold outside”可知， 由于外面太寒冷，“我”的手无法正常活动。故选A。

6．A.proposing  B．continuing

C．starting  D．claiming

解析：根据空前的“were already”和语境可知， “我”还没来得及说太多，他和他的三个儿子已经开始推“我”的汽车了。故选C。

7．A.urged  B．joined

C．stopped  D．left

解析：根据空前的“got out of my car”和语境可知，“我”从汽车中出来，加入他们当中。故选B。

8．A.handle  B．improve

C．revise  D．clarify

解析：根据语境可知，已经过了午夜，他们本可以让美国汽车协会来处理这种情况的。故选A。

9．A.preparations  B．appeals

C．impressions  D．attempts

解析：根据空后的“kept trying”可知，最初的尝试都失败了。故选D。

10．A.typical  B．unique

C．different  D．difficult

解析：根据空后的“to get the car out of the snow”，并结合常识可知，为了让汽车从雪里出来，我们不断尝试不同的方法。故选C。

11．A.approached  B．forgiven

C．protected  D．freed

解析：根据最后一段第一句中的“free”再结合该句语境可知，他们坚持要等“我”脱身后再离开。故选D。

12．A.concerned  B．anxious

C．awkward  D．confused

解析：根据空后的“being stuck in the freezing weather”，再结合常识可知，开始时“我”还有点担心这么晚还困在这么冷的天气里。故选A。

13．A.analysis  B．situation

C．definition  D．truth

解析：根据空前的“cheerful attitude”可知，他们乐观的态度改变了整个局面，也振奋了“我”的情绪。故选B。

14．A.play  B．walk

C．stick  D．glance

解析：根据空后的“long enough for me to get their names”可知，经过近45分钟的辛苦工作，“我”的车终于重获自由，但他们没待多久，甚至没等“我”知道他们的名字。故选C。

15．A.moved  B．recovered

C．dashed  D．slid

解析：根据空后的“on the ice”，再结合常识可知，他们跑向自己的卡车，在冰上滑了一下。故选D。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2023·南京市六校联合体调研)

Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning.Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, drought, typhoons and hurricanes are all natural disasters.

The earthquake on December 26th,2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory.It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean.This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean.It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction to many people.The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelters as well as medical help.People from all over the world gave money so that towns and villages could be rebuilt.

The surface of the earth did not always look as it does today；it is moving continuously and has done so for billions of years.This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the earth collides with another.Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.

Volcanoes happen where the earth's crust(地壳)is thin—lava, dust and gases erupt from beneath the earth.They can rise into a massive cone shape—like a mountain―and erupt, or they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning.

Hurricanes are extremely strong storms and often happen in the Caribbean.They cause high winds, huge waves, and heavy flooding and can cross hundreds of miles.

Floods happen in many countries after very heavy rainfall.When rain pours for weeks at a time and rivers overflow, people and property can be trapped or simply washed away.

Another kind of natural disaster is drought.This happens when there is no water—when it doesn't rain for a long time and rivers dry up.This causes crops to fail, animals to die and sadly, people to starve.

All these disasters are very dangerous, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous.One type of event in the earth's history has regularly killed millions of beings：the asteroid(小行星) impact, which causes massive destruction and sometimes kills entire species, including all the dinosaurs.Disasters on the earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.

语篇导读：本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，包括地震、火山、飓风、洪水、干旱等。作者认为，对人类而言最大的灾难可能来自太空。

1．What did people from all over the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean？_C__

A．They aided the search for the victims.

B．They gave away money to the beggars.

C．They offered sponsorship to help the survivors.

D．They rebuilt the coastlines and communities.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The survivors needed...could be rebuilt.”可知，印度洋海啸的幸存者需要淡水、食物、收容所以及医疗帮助，来自世界各地的人们捐了款，以帮助他们重建家园。故选C。

2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？_A__

A．Why earthquakes happen.

B．What earthquakes destroy.

C．How we can prevent earthquakes.

D．When earthquakes happen.

解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了地震发生的原因之一：地球不停地转动，板块碰撞时便会发生地震。故选A。

3．Which natural disaster does the author think the most dangerous？_A__

A．The asteroid impact.

B．The tsunami.

C．Drought.

D．The hurricane.

解析：细节理解题。根据本文尾段内容可知，作者认为最危险的自然灾害是小行星撞击。故选A。

4．What's the best title of the passage？_B__

A．The History of Natural Disasters

B．The Types of Natural Disasters

C．The Outcome of Natural Disasters

D．The Prediction of Natural Disasters

解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句“Natural disasters take...without warning.”为全文主旨句；再结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，故B项最适合作本文标题。故选B。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2023·河北省五校联盟一模)

Owls(猫头鹰) are so famous for their nighttime activities that the phrase“night owl”is used to describe people who stay up late. 1.B　.That's because some owls are active daytime hunters.During the daytime, the northern hawk owl and the northern pygmy owl are hunting for meals, making them diurnal—that is, active during the daytime.Moreover, it's not uncommon to spot a snowy owl or burrowing owl during the day, depending on the season and food availability.Still others hunt during both the day and night, as well as daybreak and nightfall.

 2.G　. For instance, the northern pygmy owl has a preference for songbirds, which are awake during the day.The northern hawk owl, which hunts during the day, as well as at daybreak and nightfall, eats small birds and other diurnal animals.

As the northern hawk owl's name implies, it looks quite hawkish.  3.D　.However, it's unclear whether the common ancestor they shared was diurnal, like the hawk, or nocturnal—that is, active at night, like most owls.

However, nocturnal owls certainly get advantages from their nighttime activities. 4.A　, both of which help them excel at nighttime hunting.Besides, the cover of darkness helps nocturnal owls avoid predators(捕食者), as well as attack prey, principally because their feathers hardly make any noise when they fly.

Whether owls are nocturnal or diurnal, experts credit their success to the birds’flexibility and adaptability.“Some hunt specific prey at a specific time, day or night. 5.E　，”an expert said.

A．Owls have excellent vision and hearing

B．But the saying is actually a bit misleading

C．Those species are well-equipped for nightlife

D．That's because owls and hawks are closely related

E．Others are more general and more able to adapt to what's needed

F．Owls don't quite as clearly fall into nocturnal and diurnal as other animals

G．The reason behind these varying sleep schedules largely has to do with prey availability

语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了猫头鹰的捕食习性。

解析：

1．语境&逻辑推断。设空处上文提到，猫头鹰因其夜间活动而为人们所知，“夜猫子”一词用来描述熬夜的人；设空处下文“That's because some owls are active daytime hunters.”与设空处构成因果关系，应是对设空处内容做出解释，且active daytime hunter与设空处前的nighttime activities形成对比，故设空处应表示转折，对“夜猫子”这种说法提出质疑。B项(但这种说法实际上有一些误导作用)承上启下，符合语境，选项中的the saying指代前文的night owl。故选B。

2．语境&逻辑推断。设空处位于本段首句，应为本段的主题句。根据空后内容“the northern pygmy has a preference for songbirds”以及“The northern hawk owl... eats small birds and other diurnal animals.”可知，猫头鹰的捕食习性与其猎物的作息有直接关系，且由空后的For instance可知，设空后的句子是对设空处内容进行具体举例，故设空处应是说明猫头鹰在捕食方面的习性。G项(这些不同的作息时间与猎物的可获得性有很大关系)引出下文，符合语境，选项中的these varying sleep schedules指代上一段提到的猫头鹰的不同作息时间。故选G。

3．语境&逻辑推断。设空处前提到北方鹰鸮在外形上与鹰十分相似，空后则说尚不清楚鹰与猫头鹰的共同祖先是昼行性动物还是夜行性动物，由空后的However可知，空后内容应与设空处内容形成转折。D项(这是因为猫头鹰和鹰关系十分紧密)对空前内容做出解释，并与空后的the common ancestor相呼应，且空后的they指代选项中的owls and hawks。故选D。

4．考查语境推断。设空处上文提到夜行性猫头鹰在夜间活动中具有优势，空后则说明有两种特征帮助他们在夜间进行捕食。A项(猫头鹰有卓越的视力和听力)承上启下，符合语境，空后的which指代选项中的vision and hearing。故选A。

5．语境&逻辑推断。根据空前内容可知，本段主要介绍专家对猫头鹰的灵活性和适应性进行了高度评价。空前一句提到一些猫头鹰在昼夜的特定时间捕食特定的猎物，设空处应是描述与之相反的情况。E项(其他猫头鹰的捕食对象更为广泛，且更能适应捕食对象的作息)承接上文，符合语境，且与上文构成Some...Others...句式。故选E。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2023·大连高三质检)

Covering 7 million square kilometers of jungle and the river over eight countries, the Amazon rainforest is home to millions of sorts of plants and animals, some of  1.which　 are still being discovered today.It's also the world's  2.largest　(large) supplier of oxygen and is a treasure chest of medical  3.researchers　(researcher) who are experimenting with different plants in the hope of finding cures for certain diseases. 4.However　, the world is at the risk of losing this rich rainforest because of deforestation(滥伐森林)  5.caused　(cause) by the actions of farmers, loggers and settlers.

The Amazon Basin  6.has lost　(lose)20% of its rainforest since 1970.Cattle farmers have  7.continuously　(continuous) cleared the land for cows  8.to eat　(eat) on and crop farmers have begun slash and burn(刀耕火种)，a farming method that involves cutting down forests and burning the land to make  9.it　 suitable for agricultural purposes.Loggers have been cutting down the trees for timber (木材), further decreasing its size.

With the destruction of the Amazon rainforest, global warming becomes more of a threat.It is up to each individual to fight against the  10.disappearance　(disappear) of the Amazon rainforest by making the world know something about this environmental disaster.

语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。被称为“地球之肺”“绿色心脏”的亚马孙雨林因砍伐和开荒而遭到破坏。

解析：

1．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词plants and animals。故填which。

2．考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the world's及常识可知，亚马孙雨林是世界上最大的供应氧气的地方，空处应用形容词最高级。故填largest。

3．考查名词复数。根据空后的are可知，空处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填researchers。

4．考查副词。空前讲述亚马孙雨林的功能和作用，空后讲述地球正在失去这个富饶的雨林，前后含有转折关系。故填However。

5．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，且与deforestation之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填caused。

6．考查动词的时态。根据空后的since 1970可知，空处谓语动词应用现在完成时。故填has lost。

7．考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词have cleared，应用副词形式。故填continuously。

8．考查非谓语动词。此句谓语动词是have cleared，空处应用非谓语动词，用动词不定式作定语。故填to eat。

9．考查代词。此处是农民伐林焚烧使土地适宜农耕，应用代词it指代the land。故填it。

10．考查名词。空前是冠词，空后是介词，空处应填名词。此处是讲通过让世界了解这一环境灾难，共同对抗亚马孙雨林的消失。故填disappearance。