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    2023届北京市第四中学高三下学期保温测试英语试卷(含解析)

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    2023届北京市第四中学高三下学期保温测试英语试卷(含解析)

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    这是一份2023届北京市第四中学高三下学期保温测试英语试卷(含解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了完形填空,用单词的适当形式完成短文,阅读理解,七选五,阅读表达,其他应用文等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    2023届北京市第四中学高三下学期保温测试英语试卷
    学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________

    一、完形填空
    Jake and Max Klein are twin brothers who have a passion for volunteering. Their family have always done community 1 . At a very young age, they both chose to 2 family’s gifts at their birthday parties, but asked them to donate money to a charity. When they were seven, Jake and Max were interested in volunteering with a family friend at the local homeless shelter to help cook. 3 , he turned them down because they were too young and they had to be fourteen to cook. This led them on an endless 4 to come up with a way to help other kids who were also facing a similar challenge: wanting to help but 5 because of their age.
    So, Kids That Do Good was 6 to show ways to kids or adults, at any age, they could join the community and make a 7 . The small project has grown into a large website that brings thousands of 8 visitors each year. Jake and Max say that their website brings 35,000 unique viewers, of whom, Kids That Do Good has 9 kids to 16,000 organizations.
    Jake and Max are 10 with school and after-class activities and other community service promises. Kids That Do Good also has blog posts that advise kids on building their own charitable event.
    1.A.surveys B.services C.duties D.businesses
    2.A.sort out B.play with C.give up D.put away
    3.A.Unfortunately B.Happily C.Honestly D.Gratefully
    4.A.task B.ability C.chance D.determination
    5.A.joked B.blamed C.denied D.praised
    6.A.advised B.allowed C.named D.created
    7.A.judgment B.difference C.comment D.decision
    8.A.pleased B.satisfied C.amazed D.interested
    9.A.connected B.exposed C.contributed D.attracted
    10.A.familiar B.patient C.busy D.content


    二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
    阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
    The protection of the Yellow River is one of the top concerns for Chinese leadership. In the past two decades, the Chinese government 11 (strengthen) the protection of wetlands along the Yellow River, 12 (make) various wild birds gather in this area. The rising number of wild birds has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, who are very thankful for 13 the government has done for the people. Further efforts will be made to bring more beautiful environment to the Yellow River.

    阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
    One evening I was going back from a supermarket. As I approached my car, I noticed one person 14 seemed a bum (流浪汉) standing beside me. I expected that he would ask me 15 some money, so I asked him if he needed help and his response was “Don’t we all?” I have never heard words 16 (astonishing) than those. Although I had money and a place 17 (sleep) in, I recognized that I needed help too. It was a true discovery to me.

    阅读下面短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
    China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have it put into operation around 2022, said Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned space program, at a forum (论坛) 18 (hold) in Guangdong Province. The space station was designed to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts. The main goal of the construction of the space station 19 (be) to enable China to carry out long-term manned scientific 20 (experiment) in near-Earth space. The space station will be built as China’s main platform for space science research.


    三、阅读理解
    Get involved with our research
    Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you. Whether it’s using your home PC, taking part in a clinical trial, or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to contribute to some of the ground-breaking projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.
    Seeking poor sleepers for insomnia (失眠) research
    Trouble sleeping? Researchers from the Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute are evaluating different interventions aimed at improving sleep. We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65. Participation will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, monitoring your sleep/wake cycle, and completing computerised tasks. If you are interested, please contact the research team at insomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.uk
    Volunteers with lazy eye wanted
    We are looking for volunteers with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning study. We are looking for healthy volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy eye. You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check your suitability for an MRI scan. Call 01865 223622 for more information.
    Oxford Vaccine Group
    The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary (多学科的) clinical trials group. OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, enhancing the understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases. To get more information, please see the OVG website.
    Oxford Experimental lab for the Social Sciences
    The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making. We pay our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don’t have to come to the lab in person Contact us at socialscience.study @ox.ac.uk for more information.
    21.What is the main purpose of the passage?
    A.To offer medical help to patients. B.To look for experienced researchers.
    C.To introduce new research programs. D.To recruit volunteers for research projects.22.The goal of oVG is to________.
    A.carry out clinical trials B.produce better vaccines
    C.learn more about infection D.study the causes of diseases23.You can finish the experiment on your home PC if you join________.
    A.Oxford Vaccine Group B.Insomnia research group
    C.Oxford Experimental lab D.Brain Scanning study group

    My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may not be up to what we’re trying to accomplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for “The Rockford Files.”
    If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me, because I did badly in all my courses.
    I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, “How long did you study for this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” So he must be smarter. I began to ask, “What will happen to me when I’m not good at anything?” Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and people now say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.”
    No. You don’t overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me. Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number right.
    Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
    The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not they have to struggle in school, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories for them, whether it’s music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, “Yeah, reading is hard. But I have other things I can do.”
    24.The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he________.
    A.wanted to know if they had the same problem
    B.didn’t believe his daughter had the problem
    C.had to take a regular medical examination
    D.accepted that his daughter was not smart25.We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer________.
    A.struggled and got better grades
    B.didn’t work hard when he was young
    C.was praised for overcoming dyslexia
    D.was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier26.According to the passage, a dyslexic person________.
    A.is less intelligent B.always fails in school
    C.reads more slowly than normal people D.performs worse in left-brain activities27.What can we learn from the story?
    A.Clumsy birds have to start flying early. B.God shuts one door but opens another.
    C.Never judge a person by his appearance. D.No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.

    Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand, walk and exercise.
    Scientists have discovered that neurons—which receive and send signals for muscle movements—often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate different muscles.
    The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community settings.
    Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.
    The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device. The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the patients’ muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”
    28.What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
    A.Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still work.
    B.The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal cord.
    C.Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device.
    D.Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal .cord injuries.29.How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly?
    A.By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine.
    B.By using the AI system.
    C.By making signals enter the spine from the sides.
    D.By sending the signals to the brain.30.Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph?
    A.Every garden has its weeds.
    B.Put the cart (运货马车) before the horse.
    C.It's hard to please all.
    D.Practice makes perfect.31.What is the purpose of this text?
    A.To report the consequence of spinal cord injuries.
    B.To introduce the findings of a recent research.
    C.To compare a recent research with other previous researches.
    D.To recommend a treatment for paralyzed patients.

    The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after headline has cited wage rises and bonuses that seem to make it a job hunter’s market.
    The concept sounds simple —American companies must be struggling to find the employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isn’t complete. Employers are unable to find the workers they want at the wages they’re willing to pay. Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road.
    The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively straightforward. When there aren’t enough workers, employers pay more to get them and wages go up.
    Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, they’re able to attract the employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID levels; they are not too high.
    To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to specific locations and occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending on your location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example, is different from chemistry engineers in Massachusetts.
    The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point, which is why broad-brush policies can be counterproductive.
    32.What does May’s rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us?
    A.The leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.
    B.Rapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.
    C.The economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.
    D.Employees are eager to work after the COVID-19.33.Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in paragraph 5?
    A.To explain an opinion. B.To clarify a concept.
    C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.34.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
    A.Job market is expected to be stronger
    B.Take wisdom to assess labor shortages
    C.Competitors are eager to keep talent
    D.Let the market fix labor shortages


    四、七选五
    My, what a big beak you have!
    For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 35 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
    In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 36
    All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 37 Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
    Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. 38 The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
    39 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
    A.However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
    B.For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.
    C.Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
    D.It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
    E.Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies.
    F.Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat.
    G.Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings.


    五、阅读表达
    阅读下面短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
    Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
    Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
    The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
    Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
    40.What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?
    ________________________________________________________________
    41.Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing?
    ________________________________________________________________
    42.Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
    Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
    ________________________________________________________________
    43.Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgements? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
    ________________________________________________________________


    六、其他应用文
    44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件,内容包括:
    1.对大学生活和学习的准备;
    2.进行这些准备的理由。
    注意: 1.词数不少于50;
    2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
    Dear Jim,
    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Yours,
    Li Hua

    参考答案:

    1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C

    【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了双胞胎兄弟一直致力于做慈善,因为一次拒绝自己开创了慈善活动组织,且办的特别成功。
    1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们家一直做社区服务。A. surveys调查;B. services 服务;C. duties责任;D. businesses生意。根据“Jake and Max Klein are twin brothers who have a passion for volunteering” 及下文语境可知,他们一家一直做社区服务。故选B。
    2.考查动词短语辨析。句意:小时候,他们选择在生日聚会上放弃家人的礼物,但要求他们把钱捐给慈善机构。A. sort out分类;B. play with玩耍;C. give up放弃;D. put away放好。根据下文“but asked them to donate money to a charity.”可知,他们放弃礼物,把钱捐给慈善机构。故选C。
    3.考查副词词义辨析。句意:不幸的是,他拒绝了他们,因为他们太小了,而且他们必须14岁才能做饭。A. Unfortunately不幸地;B. Happily开心地;C. Honestly诚实地;D. Gratefully 感激地。根据下文“ he turned them down because they were too young and they had to be fourteen to cook. ”可知,他们自愿去帮忙做饭,被拒绝,自然是不幸的事情。故选A。
    4.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这给他们带来了一项无尽的任务,要想出一个办法来帮助其他也面临类似挑战的孩子:想要帮助但因为年龄而被拒绝的孩子。A. task任务;B. ability能力;C. chance机会;D. determination 决心。根据上文“he turned them down because they were too young”可知,他们因为年龄小被拒绝了,结合下文“So, Kids That Do Good was   6   to show ways to kids or adults, at any age, they could join the community”他们自己创办了组织可知,此处是指这导致他们做任务,想出解决办法。故选A。
    5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:这给他们带来了一项无尽的任务,想出一个办法来帮助其他也面临类似挑战的孩子:想要帮助但因为年龄而被拒绝。A. joked开玩笑;B. blamed责备;C. denied拒绝;D. praised表扬。根据上文“he turned them down because they were too young”可知,此处是指他们想要帮助但是因为年龄被拒绝的孩子。故选C。
    6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以,“做好事的孩子们”被创造出来,是为了向孩子们或成年人展示各种方式,在任何年龄,他们都可以加入社区,产生影响。”A. advised建议;B. allowed允许;C. named命名;D. created 创造。Kids That Do Good是他们创办的组织的名字。根据下文“to show ways to kids or adults”可推断,这个组织被创建出来给孩子或者成年人展示帮助他人的方式。故选D。
    7.考查名词词义辨析。句意:所以,“做好事的孩子们”被创造出来,是为了“向孩子们或成年人展示各种方式,在任何年龄,他们都可以加入社区,产生影响。A. judgment判断;B. difference不同;C. comment评论;D. decision决定。根据下文“Kids That Do Good also has blog posts that advise kids on building their own charitable event.”可知,“Kids That Do Good”是提供方式让孩子们和成年人帮助他人的组织,因此推断是“做出影响”的组织。make a difference“有影响,创造不同”,故选B。
    8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这个小项目已经发展成为一个大型网站,每年吸引成千上万的有兴趣的访问者。A. pleased 高兴的;B. satisfied满足的;C. amazed惊奇的;D. interested 感兴趣的。根据上文的“bring”和下文的“visitors”可知,吸引的访问者自然是对此感兴趣的人。故选D。
    9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:Jake和Max说他们的网站有35000个独特的浏览者,在这些浏览者中,“做好事的孩子们”已经把孩子们和16000个组织联系起来了。A. connected连接;B. exposed暴露;C. contributed贡献;D. attracted吸引。根据上文“to show ways to kids or adults, at any age, they could join the community”根据下文“kids to 16,000 organizations.”可知,此处是指把孩子们和组织联系起来。故选A。
    10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:杰克和马克斯忙于学校、课外活动和其他社区服务承诺。A. familiar熟悉的;B. patient有耐心的;C. busy繁忙的;D. content满足的。根据“school and after-class activities and other community service promises”可知,杰克和马克斯忙于学校、课外活动和其他社区服务承诺,be busy with忙于某事。故选C。
    11.has strengthened 12.making 13.what

    【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府加强保护黄河沿岸湿地,取得了成果并得到了认可。
    11.考查时态。句意:在过去的20年里,中国政府加强了对黄河沿岸湿地的保护,使各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区。根据时间状语In the past two decades可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语the Chinese government是单数,谓语动词应用has strengthened。故填has strengthened。
    12.考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的20年里,中国政府加强了对黄河沿岸湿地的保护,使各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区。分析句子,空处作非谓语动词,中国政府加强对黄河沿岸湿地的保护,自然产生的结果是使得各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区,所以空处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果。故填making。
    13.考查宾语从句。句意:野生鸟类数量的增加给观鸟者带来了好处,他们非常感谢政府为人民所做的一切。分析句子,空处引导从句作介词for的宾语,连接词在宾语从句中作宾语,表示“什么”,应用what引导从句。故填what。
    14.who/that 15.for 16.more astonishing 17.to sleep

    【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过与一位流浪汉的交流,意识到了一个真理:无论我们多么富有,我们都需要帮助。
    14.考查定语从句。句意:当我走近我的车时,我注意到一个人似乎是个流浪汉站在我身边。分析句子结构,此句为限定性定语从句,先行词one person在从句作主语,指人,用关系代词who/that。故填who或that。
    15.考查介词。句意:我原以为他会向我要钱,所以我问他是否需要帮助,他的回答是:“难道我们都不需要吗?”ask sb. for sth.询问某人某事,介词for作宾语补足语,固定搭配。故填for。
    16.考查形容词比较级。句意:我从未听过比这些更令人惊讶的话。根据句中than可知,此处用形容词比较级,表示“更令人惊讶的”,作表语。故填more astonishing。
    17.考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然我有钱,有睡觉的地方,但我意识到我也需要帮助。此处修饰名词place,常用不定式,作后置定语。故填to sleep。
    18.held 19.is 20.experiments

    【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国计划在2022年左右完成空间站建设并投入运行。本文主要介绍了建空间站的目标及用途。
    18.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平在广东省举行的一次论坛上表示,中国计划在2022年左右完成空间站建设并投入运行。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。中心词是forum,根据本句的时态和意思可知,该论坛已经举办完了,所以用过去分词表被动完成。故填held。
    19.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:建设空间站的主要目标是使中国能够在近地空间进行长期的载人科学实验。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。主语是The main goal,谓语动词用单数,并且这里是强调客观事实,所以用一般现在时。故填is。
    20.考查名词的数。句意:建设空间站的主要目标是使中国能够在近地空间进行长期的载人科学实验。scientific是形容词,修饰名词,并且experiment是可数名词,所以要用复数形式。故填experiments。
    21.D 22.B 23.C

    【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了牛津大学在招募志愿者,着重介绍了可以志愿参与的四种研究项目。
    21.推理判断题。文章第一部分Get involved with our research中提到“Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you. Whether it’s using your home PC, taking part in a clinical trial, or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to contribute to some of the ground-breaking projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.”我们的许多研究项目需要像你这样的志愿人士参与。你可以通过电脑参与,也可以参与临床试验,或者只是花一点时间来参与研究,通过这些途径你都可以为牛津大学突破性的项目做出自己的贡献。以下是你可以参与的项目。由此可推断文章旨在招募志愿者加入研究项目。D项符合文意,故选D项。
    22.细节理解题。文章Oxford Vaccine Group中提到“OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, enhancing the understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases.”OVG的目的在于研发新的疫苗、改进旧的疫苗。预防成人和儿童传染病。增强人们对免疫的了解以及研究传染病的流行病学。B项意为“生产更好的疫苗”,符合文意。故选B项。
    23.细节理解题。文章最后一部分Oxford Experimental lab for the Social Sciences中提到“We pay our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don’t have to come to the lab in person ”,意为“我们的项目报酬丰厚,不需要特殊的技能,参与者不需要亲自来实验室就可以参加”。所以加入Oxford Experimental lab for the Social Sciences,在家里的电脑上就可以完成实验。故选C项。
    24.A 25.D 26.C 27.B

    【分析】本文是记叙文。作者从女儿患读写困难症,谈到自己也有读写困难,但是作者通过自己的努力成为了一位成功的电视作家,并获得了艾米奖。作者认为读写困难不是诅咒,而是礼物。上帝给你关上一扇门的同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。
    24.细节理解题。根据第一段的We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia.可知,作者和女儿一起做了检测,发现女儿的确有和作者曾经有的一样的问题——读写困难。因此推断,作者决定自己也做检查是因为他想要知道是否他和女儿有同样的问题。故选A。
    25.推理判断题。根据第二段的If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s.(如果我早些时候知道一些超出我控制范围的事情可以解释为什么我是一个学渣,我可能在20多岁和30多岁的时候没有这么努力)可知,作者感激没有早知道有读写困难症。故选D。
    26.细节理解题。根据第四段的Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do.(大多数读大学的人读得比我快两倍)可知,一个读写困难的人读得比正常人慢。故选C。
    27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
    (尽管我有弱点,但我认为诵读困难是一种礼物,而不是一种诅咒。 许多诵读困难者擅长右脑、抽象思维,这就是我的创造性写作。我能写得很快,每天最多能写15页。写作是我的力量)可推断,上帝给你关上一扇门的同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。故选B。
    28.B 29.C 30.D 31.B

    【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员表示,一种安置在三名瘫痪患者身上的新型电子设备已经帮助他们重新行走。
    28.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement.(在洛桑瑞士联邦理工学院的格雷瓜尔·库尔蒂纳和乔斯林·布洛赫领导的最新实验中,三个瘫痪的人被植入了一种新的电子设备,用来复制大脑的动作,在这个动作中,它向脊髓发送信号,导致肌肉运动)”可知,这种新的电子设备可以模仿大脑向脊髓发送信号。故选B。
    29.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.(库尔蒂尼说,他的团队重新设计了这些设备,这样信号就可以从两侧进入脊柱。他说,这种方法允许对脊髓区域进行更直接的定位和激活)”可知,这种新设备通过让信号从两侧进入脊柱,更直接地刺激脊髓区域。故选C。
    30.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”(尽管如此,布洛赫说,“他们训练得越多,开始锻炼的肌肉越多,肌肉就变得越流畅。”)”可知,越训练就越熟练,可以得出熟能生巧这个观点。A. Every garden has its weeds.人无完人;B. Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置;C. It’s hard to please all.众口难调;D. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。故选D。
    31.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again.( 研究人员表示,一种安置在三名瘫痪患者身上的新型电子设备已经帮助他们重新行走)”可知,这篇文章的主要目的是为了介绍最近一项研究所取得的成果,人造骨髓植入物有望使瘫痪者恢复行走。故选B。
    32.B 33.A 34.D

    【导语】本文是一篇议论文。五月份,“劳动力短缺”一词成为谷歌热词。然而,归根结底,在市场上,短缺并不是普遍存在的。同时出现的短缺和盈余在任何时候都可能影响整个经济,这就是为什么笼统的政策可能会适得其反。因此,劳动力短缺最好由市场进行调控,不要制定笼统的政策。
    32.推理判断题。根据第四自然段“Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing this trend alongside stalling(停滞)job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown. After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting to see a rebound: In May, the industry created 292, 000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy. (然而,工资增长的加快并不是短缺的唯一标志。迹象表明,这一趋势与就业增长停滞同时出现。看看休闲和酒店业发生了什么,这是新冠肺炎疫情最严重的行业之一。在疫情期间就业岗位几乎消失后,我们开始看到反弹:5月份,该行业创造了29.2万个就业岗位,远远超过了经济的其他领域。)”可知,5月份休闲和酒店业就业岗位的反弹的例子是为了支撑本段的主旨句,即工资增长的加快并不是劳动力短缺的唯一标志,换句话说,工资快速增长与就业增长停滞有关。故选B。
    33.推理判断题。根据第五自然段“The taxicab queuing model was used to address the debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. (出租车排队模型被用来解决工程领域工人短缺的争论。)”可知,本段第2句用出租车排队模型主要是解释在不同的地点,不同的行业可能会存在不同的人员短缺,即劳动力供求关系在不同行业存在区别。故选A。
    34.主旨大意题。文章第一段引出“劳动力短缺”话题;第二段讲述一般人和经济学家对劳动力短缺的不同理解,不同的理解可能会导致今后的政策失误;第三段讲述在市场中,供求规律应该使发现劳动力短缺相对简单,即当没有足够的工人时,雇主会支付更多的工资来雇佣工人,工资就会上涨。第四段进行反证,工资快速上涨并不一定说明劳动力短缺,也存在别的可能性;第五段用出租车排队模型解释劳动力供求关系在不同行业的不同情况;第六段是总结段,讲述劳动力短缺和盈余都可能在整个经济中出现,这就是为什么笼统的政策可能适得其反,必须具体问题具体对待,和第二段主题相呼应。分析得出,文章主要讲述劳动力短缺最好由市场进行调控,不要制定笼统的政策。故选D。
    35.C 36.G 37.F 38.A 39.B

    【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌,如嘴巴变大。
    35.根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说,适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知,人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为(去适应)。”承接上文,说明和人类不同,动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述,上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
    36.空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如,在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中,自1871年以来,喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究,这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中,发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖,喙变大的例子。由此推知,空处承接上文,继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势,老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境,是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
    37.根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的,他在1877年提出了这一法则,认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知,炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物,这是动物对气候的一种适应,选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积,帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管,没有绝缘羽毛覆盖,是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如,与它们的北极近亲相比,原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
    38.根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知,团队综合了更多地方的数据,选项A“然而,从更大的角度来看,形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式,符合语境,上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
    39.根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速,这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡,因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知,未来这种情况的变化,that指代上文提到的情况,选项B“至少就目前而言,增幅很小,从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况,上下文合理通顺,下文预测这种情况的发展,,且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
    40.He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions./The combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions. 41.Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment. 42.Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
    According to the passage, with enough practice, machines may be able to recognize implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. 43.Yes. For one thing, humans possess common sense and intuition, which allows them to make judgments based on their prior experiences and knowledge of the world; for another, humans possess emotional intelligence, which allows them to recognize and understand emotions in themselves and others, allowing them to make better judgements.

    【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断力的定义,判断力与专业知识的区别,责任多少对判断力的影响,以及机器在判断力方面的表现和发展。
    40.考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”.(伦敦商学院Andrew Likierman爵士认为,判断力是“将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合起来,形成观点并做出决定”。)”可知,Andrew爵士对于判断力的定义是将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合起来,形成观点并做出决定。故答案为:He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions./The combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
    41.考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.”(专业知识在做出判断时很有用。但它们不是一回事。“学者拥有专业知识,”Andrew爵士评论道。“他们不一定有判断力。”)”可知,专业知识和做出判断不是一回事的原因在于有些人也许拥有专业知识,但是不一定具有判断力。故答案为:Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
    42.考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment.(虽然人工智能越来越多地用于服务行业的日常任务,但判断力可能是人类比机器保持优势的一个领域。然而,这还远不能确定。经过足够的练习,机器可能能够识别这些隐含的线索,从而显示出相当于良好判断力的能力。)”可知,“人工智能广泛运用于日常任务”与文章内容相符,“它永远不能像人类那样做出判断”与文章内容不符,因为通过足够的练习,机器可能能够识别出隐含的线索,从而显示出相当于良好判断力的能力。故答案为:Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.及According to the passage, with enough practice, machines may be able to recognize implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment.
    43.开放性问题。题目要求对“在做出判断方面,人类‘比机器保持优势’”发表观点,表明同意或者不同意,并给出相应的理由,为开放性的题目,答案合理即可。例如,如果同意这一观点的话,可以结合自己的认知说明两点理由,人类可以凭借常识和直觉,利用先前的经验和对世界的了解做出判断,以及人类具有机器不具有的情绪智力,可以识别并理解自己和他人的情绪,从而做出更好的判断。故答案可为:Yes. For one thing, humans possess common sense and intuition, which allows them to make judgments based on their prior experiences and knowledge of the world; for another, humans possess emotional intelligence, which allows them to recognize and understand emotions in themselves and others, allowing them to make better judgements.
    44.Dear Jim,
    I would very much like to share my holiday plans with you. Last week, you asked about how I was preparing for my future college life. Now, I’d like to tell you.
    As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University. Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future. This vacation, I plan to read some books about botany to equip myself with more knowledge. I will also work in Beijing Botanical Garden as a volunteer to learn about landscape architecture. All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.
    I wonder what you will do this holiday. Maybe you’d like to share your plans with me in the next email.
    Yours,
    Li Hua
    【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求写一封电子邮件。
    【详解】第1步:根据提示可知,本篇为一封电子邮件:假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件,内容包括:1.对大学生活和学习的准备;2.进行这些准备的理由。
    第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如:share my holiday plans with you(和你分享假日计划);As for my future life at university,(至于我未来的大学生活,);how to take care of them(如何照顾它们);等。
    第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
    第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
    【点睛】本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University.动词不定式作宾语;Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future.句中使用原因状语从句和现在完成时态的被动语态;All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.非限制性定语从句用在句中。

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