高二英语下学期期末考试01（天津卷）-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（外研版2019）

这是一份高二英语下学期期末考试01（天津卷）-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（外研版2019），共21页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试01（天津卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．--- I'm terribly sorry. I shouldn't have shouted at you yesterday afternoon.
---________: After all, it was I that made such a big mistake.
A．Forget it B．No bother C．I think not D．Got it
2．--- Hey, Joe, look at you! What makes you so happy?
--- ________ my son has passed the final examination.
A．Because B．When C．That D．Whether
3．When the soldier came back to life, he did not know how long he________ there.
A．had been lying B．has been lying C．was lying D．has lain
4．________ the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War.
A．Beyond B．Despite C．Behind D．Next to
5．We all share his belief________ true craftwork is treasure________ can last beyond life time.
A．which; that B．that; what C．what; which D．that; that
6．The study shows kids who play____ video games show much more aggressive behaviour than those who don't.
A．advanced B．terrified C．violent D．relaxed
7．With the teacher's words________ in their ears, the students worked hard at their schoolwork.
A．ringing B．to ring C．rung D．rang
8．We went through a period________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．whose B．where C．when D．which
9．He was disappointed to find that there was a sign on the outer door________, “No Entry.”
A．reading B．indicating C．writing D．implying
10．It is reported that more than one new house________ at present in the disaster area.
A．has been built B．have been built C．is being built D．are being built
11．I have full confidence in your devotion to your duty and skill in this field, and I'm sure you will achieve________ full victory.
A．nothing less than B．no more than C．anything but D．nothing more than
12．The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor________ it a thought.
A．does he give B．will he give C．he gives D．he will give
13．________ he had spent years apart from home and endured extreme conditions, Deng Jiaxian refused to back down from his responsibilities.
A．Because B．Unless C．Although D．Since
14．The Lei family___many admirable Qing-dynasty-architectures, varying from grand buildings to public works.
A．give away B．take up C．pass on D．leave behind
15．_______ great works of literature, in whatever form, can encourage creativity.
A．Exposing to B．Having exposed to
C．Exposed to D．Being exposed to
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
One day I visited an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was expecting a ____16____ view of the modern artworks. A young couple seeing the paintings ahead of me were ____17____ endlessly. I watched them for a moment and ____18____ the lady was doing all the talking. How did the man ____19____ her constant stream of words? ____20____ by their noise, I moved on.
I met them several times ____21____ I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her continuous flow of words, I moved away ____22____.
But I met them again at the ____23____ shop. I bought some souvenirs and was waiting at the checkout while the couple were ____24____ the doorway. Before they left, the man ____25____ his pocket and pulled out a white object. He lengthened it into a long ____26____ and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a(n) ____27____ man,” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery, he made a ____28____ that his life wouldn’t change. So, as before, he and his wife come in whenever there is a new art show.”
“But what does he ____29____ from the art?” I asked. “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see? You are ____30____. He sees a lot. More than you and I do,” the clerk said. “His wife ____31____ each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience, ___32___ and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without ____33___ and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to ___34___ his life. And I saw the love ___35___ by two people as I watched this couple walk away, arm in arm.
16．A．special B．quiet C．general D．different
17．A．talking B．watching C．asking D．smiling
18．A．remembered B．imagined C．realized D．suggested
19．A．translate B．believe C．understand D．stand
20．A．Encouraged B．Surprised C．Touched D．Troubled
21．A．as B．unless C．since D．until
22．A．helplessly B．hopelessly C．quickly D．secretly
23．A．gift B．fruit C．book D．pet
24．A．aiming at B．turning to C．returning to D．heading for
25．A．searched for B．looked into C．reached into D．turned out
26．A．umbrella B．stick C．coat D．rope
27．A．brave B．educated C．strange D．wise
28．A．habit B．consideration C．dream D．promise
29．A．imagine B．find C．get D．notice
30．A．wrong B．silly C．impolite D．unique
31．A．shows B．draws C．describes D．expects
32．A．interest B．courage C．hope D．kindness
33．A．support B．sight C．expectation D．confidence
34．A．save B．end C．change D．risk
35．A．discovered B．received C．proved D．shared
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
Art Science Museum, Singapore
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 meters down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. The building so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre, Harare
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes. Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary. The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow air to move freely in and out of the mounds. In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
The Algae House, Hamburg
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating building such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
36．Which of the following is not the reason why architects continue to explore nature?
A．To imitate the way nature works. B．To make nature part of architecture.
C．To make natural organisms alive. D．To capture the beauty of nature.
37．How is the link between nature and city environment reflected?
A．From its roof that helps collect and recycle rainwater.
B．From its lotus flower shape floating on the water.
C．From its amazing waterfall in the center of the space.
D．From its attraction of visitors all over the world.
38．What makes the Eastgate Centre use less energy?
A．Termites constructing their nests. B．Mounds covered in little holes.
C．Traditional air conditioning systems. D．Its surface covered in holes
39．How can the Algae House reduce damage to the environment?
A．By using less energy. B．By producing its own renewable energy.
C．By capturing heat from the sun. D．By providing shade for people
40．In which magazine would you most likely find the passage?
A．Architecture Frontier. B．Extraordinary Architects.
C．Natural World. D．Living on Earth.
B
In the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northern Virginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other people should consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.
I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的)profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, I met a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D．C．, who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.
In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.
All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the Indie Web has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).
41．Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?
A．His video caused many arguments.
B．His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.
C．His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.
D．His video was shared without his permission.
42．Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?
A．To prove that social media has some benefits.
B．To advise people to break away from social media.
C．To tell the negative effects social media may produce.
D．To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.
43．What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?
A．To improve network environment. B．To set network standards.
C．To make more profits. D．To provide more convenient service.
44．What does the Indie Web intend to do?
A．Improve the existing social-media principles.
B．Remove social media from people’s lives.
C．Develop new social-media platforms.
D．Help social-media companies to make reformation.
45．What does the underlined word “outlined”(in paragraph 1)mean?
A．expected B．criticized C．summarized D．rejected
C
China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars. China's Zhurong rover （探测车），named after a traditional Chinese fire god, has touched down on the martian surface, the China National Space Administration confirmed on the morning of Saturday, May 15,
The rover is part of the Tian wen-1 mission, which consists of an orbiter, a probe, and a lander. The mission was launched in summer last year, and took seven months to complete its journey to the red planet. It arrived at Mars in February this year, and since then the spacecraft has been performing operations such as capturing images of Mars.
Believe it or not, traveling to Mars is actually the easy part of such a mission. The truly hard part is landing on the planet's surface, as landers must contend with factors like the planet's thin atmosphere, its variable dust storms, and a communication delay between Mars and Earth. This delay makes it impossible for people in mission control on Earth to control a craft in real time as it approaches the planet, so the landing must be performed autonomously.
To slow its speed as the lander approached the surface, it used both a parachute （降落伞）and a retrorocket (减速火箭）in its own "seven minutes of terror" as it moved through the atmosphere. It then landed in the Utopia Planitia area, a large impact basin, part of which was exploded by NASA's Viking 2 lander in the 1970s.
According to China's slate news agency Xinhua, President Xi Jinping said he was sending "warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who have participated in the Mars exploration mission.'
The rover will now begin its three- month mission to explore the Utopia Planitia area, where it will be searching for surface and subsurface ice. The mission will involve both the rover and the orbiter working in concert to create a map of water ice, with the orbiter focusing on the planet's polar regions.
46．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The Tianwen-1 mission includes four space missions.
B．Zhurong was known as a great astronomer in ancient China.
C．The spacecraft has carried out a series of experiments in advance.
D．China achieved success in landing on Mars creating a new record.
47．What should be carefully considered on landing on Mars?
a. Mars's atmosphere. b. Mars's bad weather
c. The landing instructions. d. The communication delay.
A．abc B．bed C．abd D．abcd
48．What does the author imply in Paragraph 4?
A．The landing way is quite different. B．The landing process is full of danger.
C．The landing site is unknown to NASA． D．The landing time is calculate precisely.
49．Which of the following missions will be launched in three months?
A．The analysis of ice samples.
B．The mapping of the Mars's polar regions.
C．The exploration of the Utopia Planitia area.
D．The collection of surface and subsurface ice.
50．Which column does the passage come from?
A．Space B．Fiction C．Medical D．Nature
D
Scientists say they’ve developed a system using machine learning to predict when and where lighting will strike.The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, ground-based sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmospheric, data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the development of the method. He said, “current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.”
“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.
51．Why have climate scientists tried to predict and control lighting?
A．To collect relative data.
B．To reduce the destruction lightning has been causing.
C．To create a scientific system.
D．To do research in relation to machine learning.
52．The four mentioned surface conditions include all the following EXCEPT________.
A．air pollution
B．wind speed
C．relative humidity
D．air temperature
53．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Lighting.
B．The system being tested.
C．The atmospheric data.
D．The machine learning algorithm.
54．What can we learn about Mostajabi from the passage?
A．He developed the method and the system himself.
B．He thinks the current systems are too slow and simple.
C．He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
D．He believes their system does much better in data collection.
55．Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A．Lightning Causes Huge World Wide Damage.
B．Scientists Test Systems to Predict Lightning.
C．Machine Learning Has Made New Breakthrough.
D．A New Approach Has Improved Data Collection.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Do you jump out of bed early, wide awake and ready to start your day? If so, you would be considered an “early bird”. Perhaps, though, you fear the sound of your alarm clock each morning and have little energy until the afternoon. If that is the case, you are probably a “night owl”. Most of us fall into one of these two categories but what makes us this way? And is one better than the other? Different people hold different opinions.
Traditionally, early risers have been praised as hard-working and productive. On the other hand, those who prefer to sleep in and get up late are considered lazy and nonproductive. This stereotype dates back to early times when most people farmed, worked and slept according to the sun. But even in the 21st century, most people still believe the early bird catches the worm. This famous expression supports the idea that early risers have an advantage over late risers. Yet, some scientists now believe that “night owls” can actually focus longer and produce more than early risers. Research has found that early bird doesn't always get the worm. In a Belgian study, both “morning people” and “evening people” were observed during their normal asleep and awake routines.
After 10 hours of being awake, the “evening people” became more active and energetic. However, the “morning people” became sleepy and less focused. Researchers believe the reason for this difference is that night owls receive a last-minute increase of energy from their brains. This added energy allows night owls to stay sharp and productive for longer periods of time, usually until bedtime. What determines our body's preference?
Environment, lifestyle, activities and childhood routines are all factors, yet, genes may play the biggest role. In 2007, scientists reported discovering something they called the “after-hour” gene. People with this gene had a natural ability to stay active and late into the night. It is possible to change your sleeping patterns but if you are happy rising early or staying up late, you're probably doing what works best for your own personal body clock.
56．What does the underlined phrase refer to? (No more than 2 words)
57．Why do most people still value the early risers in the 21st century? ( No more than 10 words)
58．What kind of people are more likely to get absent-minded during the day? (No more than 2 words)
59．Why are some people able to stay active late into the night according to the scientists? (No more than 15 words)
60．Do you think it necessary to change our sleeping patterns? Why? (No more than 25 words)
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
61．假定你是学生会主席李华，英国某中学的部分师生即将访问你校，并体验校园传统文化节活动。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，主要内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.介绍文化节目及活动(民族舞、武术等)；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：武术martial arts； 校园传统文化节Campus Traditional Culture Festival
Dear visiting guests,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!

参考答案：
1．A
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我非常抱歉。昨天下午我不该对你大喊大叫的。——没关系，毕竟是我犯了这么大的错误。A.Forget it没关系；B.No bother不麻烦；C.I think not我想不是；D.Got it我懂了。根据“After all, it was I that made such a big mistake.”可知，此处是指没关系。故选A。
2．C
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：——嘿，乔，看看你！是什么让你这么高兴？——我儿子已经通过了期末考试。what在问句中充当主语，所以回答what应用主语从句。从句中不缺少意思和成分，所以应用that引导。故选C。
3．A
【详解】考查过去完成进行时。句意：当那个士兵苏醒过来时，他不知道他在那里躺了多久。根据“he did not know how long”可知，此处是指从过去之前的某个时间点到过去这个时间点之间发生的事情，所以应用过去完成进行时。故选A。
4．B
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管付出了高昂的生命代价，诺曼底登陆是成功的，并被广泛视为第二次世界大战结束的开始。A. Beyond超越；B. Despite尽管；C. Behind在……的后面；D. Next to紧挨着。根据句意可知，“the high cost in human life”（付出了高昂的生命代价）与“the D-Day landings were success”（诺曼底登陆是成功的）是让步关系，故选B。
5．D
【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：我们都认同他的信念，即真正的手工艺是可以延续一生的财富。分析可知，第一空为同位语从句，解释belief的具体内容，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义；第二空为定语从句，关系词指代先行词treasure（指物）并在从句中作主语，用that或which引导，故选D。
6．C
【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：研究显示，玩暴力电子游戏的孩子比不玩的孩子更具攻击性。A.advanced先进的；B.terrified极度惊恐的；C.violent暴力的；D.relaxed放松的。根据“show much more aggressive behaviour”可知，此处是指玩暴力电子游戏的孩子。故选C。
7．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师的话回响在他们耳边，学生们努力学习功课。A. ringing响（现在分词/动名词） B. to ring响（动词不定式形式） C. rung响（过去分词形式） D. rang响（动词过去式）。分析句子，with复合结构作伴随状语，该空动词ring在句中作介词with的宾语words的补足语，与前面名词主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故选A项。
8．C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们经历了一段农村通讯非常困难的时期。定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，先行词为period，所以应用关系副词when引导。故选C。
9．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：他失望地发现外门上有个牌子写着“禁止入内”。A.reading 阅读；B.indicating 指示；C.writing 写；D.implying 暗示。分析句意可知，分析句意可知，外门上有个牌子写着“禁止入内”，可以理解为牌子上读（reading）到“禁止入内”。故选 A项。


10．C
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，目前灾区正在建造不止一幢新房子。根据at present可知，此处应用现在进行时。动词build意为“建造”，和主语house构成被动关系。“more than one+可数名词单数”做主语，谓语动词用单数。故选C。
11．A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我完全相信你在这个领域对职责和技能的献身精神，我相信你将取得完全的胜利。A. nothing less than完全是、不亚于；B. no more than仅仅；C. anything but决不；D. nothing more than不过是。根据“I have full confidence in your devotion to your duty and skill in this field”（我完全相信你在这个领域对职责和技能的献身精神）可知，我相信你将取得完全的胜利，故选A。
12．B
【详解】考查一般将来时和部分倒装。句意：校长不会允许改变课程，也不会考虑这一点。nor意为“也不”，为否定词，放在句首时句子应用部分倒装。根据“The headmaster will not permit the change in the course”可知，此处应用一般将来时。故选B。
13．C
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管邓稼先多年远离家乡，忍受着极端的条件，但他拒绝放弃自己的责任。A.Because因为；B.Unless除非；C.Although尽管；D.Since自从。“he had spent years apart from home and endured extreme conditions”和“Deng Jiaxian refused to back down from his responsibilities”构成转折关系，所以此处应用although引导让步状语从句。故选C。
14．D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：雷氏家族留下了许多令人钦佩的清代建筑，从宏伟的建筑到公共工程。A.give away赠送；B.take up占据；C.pass on传递；D.leave behind留下。根据“many admirable Qing-dynasty- architectures”可知，此处是指雷氏家族留下了许多令人钦佩的清代建筑。故选D。
15．D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接触伟大的文学作品，无论何种形式，都能激发创造力。根据句意可知，be exposed to是固定搭配，意为“暴露”，又因为该短语在此处作主语，故用其动名词形式，故选D。

16．B    17．A    18．C    19．D    20．D    21．A    22．C    23．A    24．D    25．C    26．B    27．A    28．D    29．C    30．A    31．C    32．B    33．B    34．C    35．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在艺术博物馆参观时遇到一对年轻夫妇，其中女士滔滔不绝地讲话让作者很不舒服，直到作者被告知男士是个盲人，但他并没有因为失明而改变自己的生活方式后，作者才深深体会到女士的耐心、男士的勇气和他们之间的爱。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我原以为能安静地欣赏到现代艺术作品。A. special特殊的；B. quiet安静的；C. general一般的；D. different不同的。由下一段中的“Each time I heard her continuous flow of words, I moved away”可知，作者是希望安静地欣赏现代艺术作品。故选B。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一对年轻夫妇看到我前面的画，滔滔不绝地说着话。A. talking谈话；B. watching观看；C. asking问；D. smiling微笑。由下一段的“I heard her continuous flow of words”可知，女士不停地讲话。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看了他们一会儿，意识到说话的都是那位女士。A. remembered记得；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. suggested建议。由后文的“the lady was doing all the talking”可知，说话的都是那位女士，这是作者所意识到的。故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：男人是如何忍受她滔滔不绝的话语的？A. translate翻译；B. believe相信；C. understand明白；D. stand忍受。由下一段的“Each time I heard her continuous flow of words, I moved away”可知，作者受不了女士说话，所以想知道男人是如何忍受她滔滔不绝的话语的。故选D。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的声音困扰着我，我继续前进。A. Encouraged鼓励；B. Surprised使惊讶；C. Touched触摸；D. Troubled困扰。由下一段的“Each time I heard her continuous flow of words, I moved away”可知，作者受到女士的声音的困扰。故选D。
21．考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我穿过不同的艺术展厅时，我见过他们几次。A. as当……的时候；B. unless除非；C. since自从；D. until直到。由后文的“I moved through the different rooms of art”可知，句子表示“当我穿过不同的艺术展厅时，我见过他们几次”。故选A。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：每次我听到她滔滔不绝的话语，我就迅速走开。A. helplessly无助地；B. hopelessly绝望地；C. quickly快速地；D. secretly秘密地。由上文的“_5____ by their noise”可知，作者受到女士声音的困扰，所以每次听到她滔滔不绝的话语，就迅速走开。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我在礼品店又见到他们了。A. gift礼物；B. fruit水果；C. book书；D. pet宠物。由后文的“I bought some souvenirs”可知，作者是在礼品店又见到他们。故选A。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我买了一些纪念品，在结账处等着，而这对夫妇正走向门口。A. aiming at瞄准；B. turning to求助于；C. returning to回到；D. heading for前往。由后文的“the doorway. Before they left”可知，这对夫妇走向门口，空格处意为“前往”。故选D。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他们离开之前，这名男子把手伸进口袋，掏出了一个白色的东西。A. searched for寻找；B. looked into调查；C. reached into伸手去……拿；D. turned out结果。由后文的“pulled out a white object”可知，男子把手伸进口袋，掏出了一个白色的东西。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把它加长成一根长棍，然后敲着进衣帽间去拿他妻子的夹克。A. umbrella伞；B. stick棍子；C. coat外套；D. rope绳子。由上文的“lengthened it”可知，他把它加长成一根长棍。故选B。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一个勇敢的人。A. brave勇敢的；B. educated受过教育的；C. strange奇怪的；D. wise明智的。由后文的“Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age”可知，店员觉得那个男人是个勇敢的人。故选A。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在康复期间，他承诺自己的生活不会改变。A. habit习惯；B. consideration考虑；C. dream梦；D. promise承诺。由后文的“as before, he and his wife come in whenever there is a new art show”可知，他承诺自己的生活不会改变。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他从艺术中得到了什么呢？A. imagine想象；B. find发现；C. get得到；D. notice注意到。由后文的“He sees a lot. More than you and I do”可知，此处作者是问他从艺术中得到了什么。故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你错了。A. wrong错误的；B. silly愚蠢的；C. impolite不礼貌的；D. unique独特的。由后文的“He sees a lot”可知，此处店员是说作者的看法是错的。故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子描述每一幅画，这样他就能在脑海中看到它。A. shows展示；B. draws画画；C. describes描述；D. expects期待。由后文的“a young wife describing paintings”可知，他的妻子是描述每一幅画。故选C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天我学会了耐心、勇气和爱。A. interest兴趣；B. courage勇气；C. hope希望；D. kindness善良。由下文的“the courage of a husband”可知，那天作者学会了耐心、勇气和爱。故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到了一位年轻的妻子向盲人描述绘画的耐心，以及一位不愿让失明改变自己生活的丈夫的勇气。A. support支持；B. sight视力；C. expectation期望；D. confidence自信。由上文的“Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age”可知，那个男士是盲人，因此是没有视力的。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到了一位年轻的妻子向盲人描述绘画的耐心，以及一位不愿让失明改变自己生活的丈夫的勇气。A. save救；B. end结束；C. change改变；D. risk冒……的危险。由上文的“he made a ____13____ that his life wouldn’t change”可知，那位丈夫不愿让失明改变自己的生活。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看着这对夫妇手挽手地离开时，我看到了两个人之间的爱。A. discovered发现；B. received收到；C. proved证明；D. shared分享。由后文的“by two people as I watched this couple walk away, arm in arm”可知，作者看到了两个人之间的爱，空格处意为“分享”。故选D。
36．C    37．B    38．D    39．B    40．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个融入了自然元素的建筑设计。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.”（今天，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态美的方法，模仿自然的工作方式，甚至将自然有机体作为建筑的一部分。）可知，建筑师继续探索自然是为了捕捉自然之美、模仿大自然的工作方式和使自然成为建筑的一部分，文中没有提到建筑师们想使自然生物存活这一点，由此可知，“使自然生物存活”不是建筑师继续探索自然的原因。故选C项。
37．细节理解题。根据“Art Science Museum, Singapore”部分关键句“The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.”（这座建筑的设计旨在展示自然与它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。形状看起来像莲花，它似乎漂浮在海滨长廊和周围的水面上。）可知，新加坡金沙艺术科学博物馆的形状看起来像莲花，看起来像漂浮在海滨长廊和周围的水面上，通过这种设计展示了自然与它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系，由此可知，新加坡金沙艺术科学博物馆通过其漂浮在水面上的莲花形状体现了自然与城市环境之间的联系。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据“The Eastgate Centre, Harare”部分关键句“In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes. During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building. At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.”（以类似的方式，东门中心的“皮肤”上布满了洞。白天，热空气通过孔洞吸入建筑物，到达建筑物中部时冷却。晚上，白天墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，室内温度舒适。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此该建筑使用更少的能源，运行成本更低。）可知，东门中心的表面覆盖有孔洞，该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此该建筑使用更少的能源，由此可知，东门中心表面覆盖有孔洞，这使其使用更少的能源。故选D项。
39．细节理解题。根据“The Algae House, Hamburg”部分关键句“The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.”（因此，该建筑不仅对环境做出反应，使用更少的能源，而且通过自身产生的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。）可知，海藻屋通过自身产生的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏，由此可知，海藻屋通过自行生产可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。故选B项。
40．推理判断题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.”（大自然赋予了我们周围许多最迷人的设计灵感，包括建筑设计。今天，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态美的方法，模仿自然的工作方式，甚至将自然有机体作为建筑的一部分。）可知，文章主要介绍了三个融入了自然元素的建筑设计，由此可知，文章与建筑设计有关，你最有可能在《建筑前沿》这本杂志上找到这篇文章。故选A项。
41．B    42．A    43．A    44．C    45．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讲述了社交媒体在给人们提供便利的同时，也存在着弊端，侵犯人们的隐私，因此一些公司也在积极地进行改革，改善网络环境。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media. (我的反社交媒体演讲在社交媒体上找到了如此多的听众，这让我既高兴又恼火)”可知，作者反对社交媒体，但是他有关的演讲却在社交媒体上获得喜欢，这让作者又喜又怒，很是矛盾。因此可知作者生气的原因是他的演讲视频的受欢迎程度是与他反社交媒体的行为相对立的。故选B项。
42．推理判断题。根据第二段的“But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, I met a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better. (但我们也受益于社交媒体，并犹豫是否要完全脱离它。不久前，我在华盛顿特区的一家大型律师事务所遇到了一位合伙人，她告诉我，她一直在手机上保存Instagram，因为她在旅行时会想念她的孩子；浏览他们的照片让她感觉更好)”可知，作者认为我们其实也受益于社交媒体，就如作者的一个合伙人，通过使用社交媒体来看孩子的照片。因此作者举例的目的是为了证明社交媒体的好处。故选A项。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content. (今年3月，马克·扎克伯格宣布了一项计划，将他的平台转向受端到端加密保护的私人通信；当月晚些时候，他提议成立一个第三方小组，为可接受的内容设定标准)”以及第四段的“They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad.(他们正在开发自己的社交媒体平台，他们说这将保留社交媒体的优点，同时去除缺点)”可知，社交媒体上存在一些不安全因素，进行改革可以保留好的，去除不好的内容，因此社交媒体公司进行改革的目的其实是在改善网络环境。故选A项。
44．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the Indie Web has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad.(除了这些官方回应，一个自称为独立网络的松散的开发者群体一直在创造另一种选择。他们正在开发自己的社交媒体平台，他们说这将保留社交媒体的优点，同时去除缺点)”可知，Indie Web想要开发他们自己社交媒体平台，这样他们可以保留好的内容和去除不好的内容。故选C项。
45．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other people should consider removing social media from their lives.(我开始承认我从未有过社交媒体账户；然后，我outlined了为什么其他人应该考虑将社交媒体从他们的生活中移除的理由)”可知，作者没有社交媒体账号，他反对使用社交媒体，因此可知他总结一些观点来说明为什么其他人可以要考虑将社交媒体移出他们的生活，故可推断划线词意为“概括，概述”，与summarize“概述”意义相近。故选C项。
46．D    47．C    48．B    49．C    50．A

【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了上周六，中国首次在火星上着陆了一艘航天器。这使得中国成为第一次执行火星登陆就成功的国家。短文同时介绍了此次登陆任务中最苦难的部分以及登陆火星的任务。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段“China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars.”可知，上周六，中国首次在火星上着陆了一艘航天器。这使得中国成为第一次执行火星登陆就成功的国家。由此可知，D选项“中国成功登陆火星，创造了新的记录”正确。故选D项。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段“The truly hard part is landing on the planet's surface, as landers must contend with factors like the planet's thin atmosphere, its variable dust storms, and a communication delay between Mars and Earth.”可知， 真正困难的部分是在火星表面着陆，因为着陆器必须应对火星稀薄的大气层、变化无常的沙尘暴以及火星和地球之间的通信延迟等因素。由此可知，登陆火星需要仔细考虑火星的大气，火星的天气和通信延迟。故选C项。
48．推理判断题。根据第四段“To slow its speed as the lander approached the surface, it used both a parachute （降落伞）and a retrorocket (减速火箭）in its own "seven minutes of terror" as it moved through the atmosphere.”可知，为了在着陆器接近火星表面时减慢速度，它在穿越大气层时使用了降落伞和减速火箭。由此可知，着陆过程充满了危险。故选B项。
49．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The rover will now begin its three- month mission to explore the Utopia Planitia area, where it will be searching for surface and subsurface ice.”可知，探测器现在将开始为期三个月的任务，探索乌托邦平原地区，它将在那里搜索表面和地下冰。由此可知，乌托邦平原地区的探索将在三个月后启动。故选C项。
50．推理判断题。根据第一段“China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars.” 上周六，中国首次在火星上着陆了一艘航天器。这使得中国成为第一次执行火星登陆就成功的国家。短文同时介绍了此次登陆任务中最苦难的部分以及登陆火星的任务。由此判断出短文来自于“太空”专栏。故选A项。
51．B    52．A    53．C    54．D    55．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们开发出的一种系统，利用机器学习能力有效地预测闪电，以减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。
51．细节理解题。根据第二段中“...that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning.(世界各地每年有6,000至24,000人死于闪电。闪电袭击还可能导致停电、破坏财产、损坏电气设备和引发森林火灾)”可知，科协家们想预测、控制闪电是因为想找到办法，以减少闪电所带来的危害和损失。故选B项。
52．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.”可知，与四个主要表面条件有关的数据有气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，没有提到空气污染。故选A项。
53．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes.(将大气数据输入到机器学习计算法中，随后计算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击记录进行比较)”可以推测，it指代上一句中的the atmospheric data。故选C项。
54．推理判断题。第六段中提到“current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites”可知，Mostajabi认为目前收集此类数据的系统缓慢而复杂，需要昂贵的雷达或卫星等收集设备；第七段中提到“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station…This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut”可知，Mostajabi认为他们这种方法使用的数据可以从任何气象站获得，这将改善雷达和卫星未覆盖的非常偏远地区或通信系统被切断的地方的数据收集。因此可以推断，Mostajabi相信他们的系统在数据收集方面比原来的做得更好。故选D项。
55．主旨大意题。文章第1段讲到：科学家们开发出的一种系统有效地预测闪电。后又提到这个预测系统减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失以及它的作用。由此可知，Scientists Test Systems to Predict Lightning.(科学家测试系统来预测闪电)能够概述文章大意。故选B项。
56．Late risers.    57．Because they believe that early risers are hard-working and productive.    58．Early risers.    59．Because they have something called the "after-hour" gene.    60．Yes, I want to be an early riser. Because I have much work to do during the day.

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对比早起的人和晚起的人在白天的专注力不同，证明晚起的人白天更积极，文章还分析了其原因。
56．考查词句猜测。根据第一段中“Do you jump out of bed early, wide awake and ready to start your day? If so, you would be considered an “early bird”. Perhaps, though, you fear the sound of your alarm clock each morning and have little energy until the afternoon. (你是否很早就起床，完全清醒，准备开始新的一天？如果是这样，你会被认为是“早起的人”。不过，也许你每天早上都害怕闹钟的声音，直到下午才有精力)”和“If that is the case, you are probably a “night owl”.(如果是这样的话，你可能是一个“night owl”)”可知，起床很早被称为“早起的人”，though表示“然而”，表转折，说明如果你每天早上都害怕闹钟的声音，直到下午都没有精力，那么你可能是一个起床迟的人，画线词指的是“起床迟的人”。故答案为Late risers.
57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Traditionally, early risers have been praised as hard-working and productive. On the other hand, those who prefer to sleep in and get up late are considered lazy and nonproductive. This stereotype dates back to early times when most people farmed, worked and slept according to the sun. But even in the 21st century, most people still believe the early bird catches the worm. (传统上，早起的人被认为是勤奋和多产的人。另一方面，那些喜欢晚睡晚起的人会被认为懒惰且效率低下。这种刻板印象可以追溯到早期，那时大多数人根据太阳耕种、工作和睡觉。但是即使在21世纪，大多数人仍然相信早起的鸟儿有虫吃)”可知，21世纪的人仍然重视早起，因为他们相信早起的人是勤奋的，多产的。故答案为Because they believe that early risers are hard-working and productive.
58．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“However, the “morning people” became sleepy and less focused. (然而，“早起的人”会变得昏昏欲睡，注意力不那么集中)”可知，早起的人白天可能会走神。故答案为Early risers.
59．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“In 2007, scientists reported discovering something they called the “after-hour” gene. People with this gene had a natural ability to stay active and late into the night. (2007年，科学家报告发现了一种他们称之为“下班后”基因的东西。拥有这种基因的人有一种天生的能力，能够保持活跃，直到深夜)”可知，一些人在很晚也能够保持积极主要是因为他们有一种叫做“下班后”基因的东西。故答案为Because they have something called the “after-hour” gene.
60．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为有必要改变我们的睡眠模式吗？为什么？可回答：是的，我想成为一个早起的人。因为我在白天有很多工作要做。故答案为Yes, I want to be an early riser. Because I have much work to do during the day.
61．Dear visiting guests,
On behalf of all the students in our school, I’d like to express our warmest welcome to you. It’s really a great honor for us that you can come and join us in the Campus Traditional Culture Festival.
The purpose of the festival is to enrich our school life and carry forward traditional Chinese culture. We will organize a range of activities, including performances on traditional Chinese musical instruments, folk dances as well as Chinese martial arts. Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
Now, welcome again, our distinguished guests! I sincerely hope that you will have great fun here and get familiar with Chinese culture as well.
Thank you!
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一篇欢迎辞，欢迎英国某中学的部分师生来校访问，并体验校园传统文化节活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：in the name of→on behalf of
机会：opportunity→chance
真诚地：genuinely→sincerely
玩得很开心：have a wonderful time→have great fun
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better.
拓展句：Without doubt, it’ll be a good chance for you to get to understand Chinese culture better, which I believe you will be interested in.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s really a great honor for us that you can come and join us in the Campus Traditional Culture Festival. (运用了that引导的主语从句，it作形式主语)
【高分句型2】I sincerely hope that you will have great fun here and get familiar with Chinese culture as well.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)