Unit 1 A new start ——【期末复习】高一英语单元知识点梳理+检测学案（外研版2019必修一）

必修 1Unit 1 A new start

必背知识清单

一、          重点单词、短语

1. curious  adj.好奇的 

—curiosity  n. 好奇心

—be curious about 对…感到好奇

2. questionnaire  n.调查问卷
3. timetable  n.时间表
4. picture  v.描绘 n.图画
5. picture…in my mind 在头脑中描绘…
6. over and over again 一遍又一遍
7. the big day 重要的日子
8. wake up 醒来 wake的过去式woke
9. rush out of…冲出…
10. eagerness  n.渴望，热切

in my eagerness to do sth.渴望做某事—eager  adj.渴望的

be eager to do sth 渴望做某事

be eager for sth 渴望得到某物

11. quiet  adj.安静的

—quite adv.很，非常

12. explore v.探究，探索

—explorer n.探险者

—exploration n.探索

13. be doing sth when 正在做某事时…这时….
14. noticeboard n.公告栏
15. turn around 转身
16. a white-haired man 一位白发老人
17. reply v.回复  过去式replied
18. find out 知道，查明
19. be surprised to do sth. 感到惊讶做某事
20. earlier 更早地 是early的比较级
21. one by one一个接一个
22. introduce A to B 向B介绍A
23. turn on my brain 开动脑筋

—turn on 打开（设备））

turn on the television打开电视

24. impression n.印象

—impress v. 使…有印象

—impressive adj.给人深刻印象的

make/leave a(n)… impression on sb.

给某人留下一个…的印象

impress sb. (with sth.) (某事)给某人留下印象

be impressed by/ with...   

为……所感动；对……有印象

25. collect  v.收藏—collection n. 收藏品
26. organize my words in my head 打腹稿
27. give sb a nudge（用肘）轻推某人                    
28. it’s your turn to do sth轮到你做某事了
29. with butterflies in my stomach心里紧张
30. breathe v.呼吸 breathe in/out 吸入/呼出

breath n.呼吸的空气

take a deep breath 深吸一口气

31. look at sb. in panic 惊恐地看着某人
32. share the same name 同名
33. too….(for sb) to do sth 

太…（对某人来说）而不能做某事

34. pay attention to 关注某事物
35. embarrassed  adj.尴尬的

—embarrass  v. 使…尴尬

36. be easy for sb to do sth

对某人来说做某事很容易

37. challenge  n/v 挑战

face/meet a challenge 面对挑战 challenge sb to do sth 挑战某人做某事  challenger  n.挑战者

challenging adj.有挑战性的

38. put sb. under pressure

使某人感到压力

under the pressure of…在..的压力之下

39. depend on 依赖，依靠，取决于

—dependent adj.依赖的

independent adj.独立的

40. keep calm 保持冷静 =stay calm
41. make the most of充分利用

=make good/full use of

42. stay fit and healthy

=keep fit and healthy 保持健康

43. an experienced director

一位有经验的导演

44. dinosaur恐龙 dolphin海豚
45. intelligent adj.聪明的

—intelligence n.智慧

—IQ= intelligence quotient

46. photography club 摄影俱乐部
47. come along 一起来
48. take pictures with sb 跟某人一起拍照
49. be joined by 邀请到某人
50. former 以前的
51. graduate  v. 毕业 n.毕业生

graduate from 毕业于

graduation  n.毕业

52. be about to do sth即将
53. share sth with sb 跟某人分享某事
54. be glad to do sth 高兴做某事 
55. as if 犹如，好像
56. fantastic  adj. 极好的
57. opportunity  n.机会 an opportunity
58. make friends with sb 与某人交朋友
59. keep an open mind保持开放的心态
60. take part in 参加
61. as much as possible尽可能
62. for sure 确实
63. deal with 处理
64. challenge  n.挑战

—challenging  adj.有挑战性的

65. chemistry test化学测试
66. at the end of 在……结束时
67. frighten v.使…害怕

—frightened adj.（人）感到害怕的

—frightening adj.（事物）令人恐惧的

68. at the sight of 看到……
69. figure  v.认为；以为；计算

—figure out 弄明白

n．数字；人物；体形

70. go all out鼓足干劲，全力以赴  
71. hold one’s head up永不气馁
72. moment  n.时刻，瞬间

at the moment此刻，现在

73. disappointed  adj.（人）感到失望的disappointing  adj.（事）令人失望的disappointment  n.失望
74. as a member of  作为……的一员
75. be selected for 被……选上
76. end-of-year adj.年末的

end-of-year competition年终比赛

77. join 参加（组织、团体、党派，并成为其中一员）

take part in 参加（活动、聚会、运动会）

78. keep doing sth 坚持做某事
79. work hard 努力工作/学习
80. support  v.支持
81. teammate  n.队友—classmate n.同学
82. be (a) part of 成为…的一部分
83. in particular 尤其，特别
84. look back on sth回顾

look forward to sth (doing sth)

期待某事（做某事）

85. give sb a hand 帮助某人
86. refer to提到，谈到；指的是；参考

—reference  n. 谈及；提及；参考

87. come to an end 结束
88. around the corner 在拐角处：即将来临
89. take notes 做笔记
90. struggle  n& v．奋斗；拼搏；努力

struggle against/with...同……作斗争；

struggle for...为……而斗争/奋斗

struggle to do sth.努力去做某事；

91. memorize  v.记住  memory n.记忆力
92. run out of 跑出
93. bump into 偶然碰到，意外撞见
94. smile at 对某人微笑
95. start to do sth开始做某事
96. look forward to (sth/doing sth)  

(兴奋地)期待，盼望(to为介词)

二、          必背句子

1. After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally achieved.

我在头脑中进行一遍又一边遍的想象之后，如今这一天终于来了！

2. I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. 我一大早就冲出了家门，迫不及待地想了解我的新学校。
3. I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.

我正在浏览公告栏上的图片，这时听见背后有人说话。

4. How true these words were! 这些话多真实啊！
5. Please come to the front one by one and introduce yourself to the class.

请大家依次到前面来向全班介绍一下你自己。

6. I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start.

我试图让我的大脑运转起来，但引擎就是无法启动

7. I was organizing my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge.

我正忙着在脑海中组织语言，坐在我旁边的女孩轻轻推了我一下

8. With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply我心里七上八下、紧张万分
9. Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed!

尽管有些尴尬，但他的话还是让我放松了很多！although 不能跟but连用

10. Well begun, half done好的开始是成功的一半。
11. Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.

Lisa去年六月从我们学校毕业，并且即将要去纽约读大学。

12. I feel as if high school was only yesterday!

我感觉高中生活就像是在昨天！

13. Just keep an open mind and take part in as much as possible.

只管敞开心扉，并且尽可能多地参与。

14. You must have had some moments when you were disappointed.

你一定有一些感到失望/沮丧的时刻吧。

15. Looking back on my high school life, the most important advice I’d give is these wonderful words.

回顾高中生活，我能给大家的最重要的建议就是这些精彩的名言。

三、          知识点

1. 现在分词做伴随状语Turning around, I saw a white-haired man.

I turned around and I saw a man. —Turning around, I saw a man.

当两个分句的动作由同一个主语发出，且一个动作伴随着另一个动作发生，表示伴随的那个动作可以用现在分词的形式。

2. .常见的感叹句式：

(1) How＋adj.＋主语＋谓语!

How  happy  he   is!    (He is happy)

    How+adv.＋主语＋谓语!

   How  slowly  he   runs!   (He runs slowly)

(2) What＋(a/an)＋ adj. ＋名词＋主语+谓语!

What    a   clever   boy    he    is !   (He is a clever boy.)  可数名词单数

What      beautiful flowers   they   are! (They are beautiful flowers.) 可数名词复数

What bad news it is!  (It is bad news.) 不可数名词

3. with的复合结构

(1). With+名词+adj     I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢开着窗户睡觉

(2). With+名词+adv     The boy stood there with his head down.那男孩低着头站在那

(3). With+名词+介词短语 With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply.

                       With a book in my hand, I entered the classroom.

(4). With+名词+Ving  Miss Wang came in with her students following her.

(5). With+名词+Ved   All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房间里工作

(6). With+名词+to +V原  With so much homework to do , I can’t hang out with my friends today.

4. too...to do sth. “太……而不能做某事”，此处是一个表示否定意义的句型。too后面通常接形容词或者副词。

【知识链接】too…to有以下情况可以表示肯定的意思

(1)某些形容词与“too... to...”句型连用时，too(＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, easy, willing, ready, eager, anxious等。

(2)当在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just时，“too...to”结构表示肯定意义，此时too带有赞赏的感情色彩。

(3)“too... to...”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”

5. do with，deal with二者均侧重处理手段、方法或方式。

do with常与what连用 what to do with

June didn’t know what to do with herself after she retired. 琼不知道退休后该如何打发时间

deal with常与how连用 how to deal with

How did you deal with a challenge? 你是如何对待挑战的？

6. ① be doing sth. … when… 正在做某事这时……

② be about to do sth. … when… 正要做某事突然这时……

③ had just done sth. … when… 刚做了……这时……

④ hardly…when… 刚……就……

四、          语法

(一)    句子成分

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。

1.主语S(Subject):表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当,置于句首。The teacher was kind and helpful.  I miss my grandma.

2.谓语V(Verb):说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。He talked too much. I am reading a book.

3.表语P(Predicative):又叫主语补语，表示主语的身份、性质、状态或特征,一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或从句等充当,位于连系动词之后。、

He looks very tired.他看上去很累。I am a teacher.

4. 宾语O(Object):指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或从句等充当,位于动词之后。She stopped him .

直接宾语Od(Direct Object)一般指“物”，间接宾语Oi(Indirect Object)一般指“人”。

She gave me(间接宾语) a pen（直接宾语）.

5.宾语补足语:用来补充说明宾语的动作、性质、状态,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。I saw him passing the crossing.  I called him a dog.

6.定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及从句等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后。

It's a lovely dog.   I have the best way to learn English. She is a beautiful girl.

7.状语Ad(Adverbial):用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句等充当。(时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，频率).

I am eating quickly.  I have finished my homework in the classroom.

(二)    基本句型

英语中的句子是由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的, 依据其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。

1.主语+谓语: 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词。 The plane disappeared.  I slept.

2.主语+谓语+宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词应为及物动词或者可以接宾语的动词短语。

She stopped him. I am reading a book. She likes the dog.

3. 主语+系动词+表语：此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用连系动词(12355一“be”: is, am, are，二“看来”：appear, seem，三“保持”: keep, stay, remain，五“变”: get, become，turn, grow, fall，五“感官”: smell（闻起来）,  sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（感觉)。

She is a lawyer. (名词作表语） He looks handsome.

5. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:间接宾语常常指“人”, 直接宾语常常指“物”。

He gave me a ticket.

***常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词:

(1) give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。Please hand him a pen!=Please hand a pen to him! 请递给他一只笔!

(2)buy, get, fetch, save, make，draw, cook,sing,choose,prepare,spare,play等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语。

Her father bought her a present.=Her father bought a present for her.

她的父亲给她买了一个礼物。

****特别注意：带疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常见的形式，其基本句式是：主+及物+间接+疑问词+不定式： She told me how to understand the article.

6. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:宾补可以是名词、形容词和不定式等来充当。常见动词有：call,make, find, 等，如：He found her happy.

****特别注意：一些使役动词如：make, let, have和一些表示感官的动词如：see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等。主动语态没to,被动语态有to。

We made him play the violin.——He was made to play the violin.

7. 主语+谓语+状语.He runs very quickly. 状语可以是：副词、动不定式、从句、短语、名词、非谓语动词

She had to leave because she had so much homework to do.

状语可以放动词后，也可以放句首。 如：Honestly, I think he is right.

8.主语+谓语+宾语+状语:We’ll hold the meeting at three o’clock this afternoon.

多重状语顺序：程度、方式、地点、时间

He played football very happily with his father on the playground last night.

补充：

1. 如何区分“主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语”和 “主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”

在宾语后添加一个“是”，看宾语及后面的成分能否构成一个逻辑语义通顺的句子。如果能，就是宾语补语。

His father gave him a dog 他的父亲给了他一条狗

（him是对象，a dog 是给的东西，二者不相等）

His father called him a dog 他的父亲骂他是狗

（在宾语后添加“是”，隐含“他是狗”的意思，所以a dog是him的补语）

I made John  a cake    我给John做了一块蛋糕

（John是对象，a cake 是做的东西，二者不相等）

I made John a monitor 我选John为班长

（在宾语后添加“是”，隐含“John是班长”的意思，所以a monitor是John的补语）

2. 如何区分“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 ”和“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”

宾补是补充说明宾语，缺了宾语，句子意思不完整

His father called him a dog. 他的父亲骂他是狗

I made John a monitor. 我选John为班长

状语是修饰成分，修饰谓语动词/形容词/整个句子，缺了状语，句子意思仍然完整

You’ll make the most of your time at senior high.

3. 看到be动词，如何区分be动词是“谓语”还是“连系动词”

①be动词之后还有一个表示动作的词语，则be动词和另一个表示动作的词语一起作为谓语，be动词的存在是由于表示动作的词语需要时态/语态上的变形

如 I am reading a book.(除了am，还有一个表示动作的“reading“，所以am reading 是谓语，am不是连系动词，这个句子是”主谓宾结构)

②如果把be动词判断为连系动词，剩下的成为一定是表语，表语可以补充说明主语。可以用这个方法检验。

如 I am a teacher. (a teacher 能够补充说明主语I的身份，验证通过，所以am是连系动词，而不是谓语动词，这个句子是主系表结构。)