还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
- 专题04 完形填空12篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 3 次下载
- 专题05 阅读理解之记叙文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题07 阅读理解之议论文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题08 阅读理解之应用文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 1 次下载
- 专题09 七选五15篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020） 试卷 1 次下载
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020）
展开
这是一份专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020），共22页。
译林版（2020）高一英语下学期期末复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期末真题)
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2022春·江苏盐城·高一江苏省射阳中学校考期末）Beavers (河狸) are famous for building impressive dams in streams. They have a rare ability to transform the landscapes they live in. This is primarily because beavers need to use their dams to hide from predators (捕食者) like bears, wolves, and river otters. Beavers live in dome-shaped constructions within the ponds that can only be accessed by underwater entrances. Inside, they are safe from threats. Besides, they can also store food inside and keep warm in winter.
Beavers build dams up to 5 meters high, and the largest one, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters long. Most dams are built from pieces of wood, with stones at the base and a sealing layer of mud and plants on the upstream side. The dams are thicker at the bottom with a shallow slope on the upstream side, meaning that the weight of the water pushes down on the dam, keeping it in place and allowing it to hold back large volumes of water. Their engineering work is so effective that beaver dams can last for decades.
Beaver dams can promote the creation and development of stable wetland ecosystems, one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, which serve as the home of rare and endangered species. In addition, the dams can help water flow to the newly created ponds, thus, preventing flooding in areas downstream of the rivers where these dams are built. They also protect the land from soil erosion (侵蚀, 腐蚀) and block pollutants in the water flow downstream into major water bodies.
However, Ph. D．student Robert Needham, from the International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research at Southampton, expressed a great deal of his concern about the possibility of beaver dams blocking the upstream and downstream migration (迁移) of Atlantic salmon (鲑鱼) and trout during their reproduction seasons, as well as affecting habitat (栖息地) quality. Thus, people should control the construction of beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands.
1．What is the main reason for beavers to build dams?
A．Keeping warm in winter.
B．Storing food for later use.
C．Protecting themselves from predators.
D．Saving their habitats from river flooding.
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The living environment of beavers.
B．The features of beaver dams.
C．The methods of building beaver dams.
D．The introduction to the largest beaver dam.
3．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．River pollution poses a big danger to beavers.
B．Beaver dams have great ecological(生态的)significance.
C．Stable wetland ecosystems are important to dam construction.
D．Beaver dams serve as the place of reproduction for some species.
4．Which of the following may Robert Needham agree with?
A．People may be disturbed by too many beaver dams.
B．Beaver dams make many sea animals leave their habitats.
C．Farmers could benefit a lot from beavers engineering work.
D．Beaver dams promote an increase of some species in the Atlantic
（2022春·江苏淮安·高一统考期末）I am a cognitive behavioral hypnotherapist (认知行为治疗师). I started my practice from sleep disorders, and soon came to realize how strongly loneliness was linked with poor sleep. I’ve focused on my skills and understanding of loneliness in order to know how I could best serve my patients.
Loneliness is an emotion. We probably all experience it at some point, but loneliness is very complicated and unique to each of us. There’s a big difference between loneliness and solitude (独处). Being alone is a choice, while feeling lonely isn’t something we force ourselves. You want to be around people, but something is making you feel unwanted or empty, so you’re not having the meaningful connection you seek.
When you’re feeling lonely over a long period of time, it becomes a chronic (慢性的) problem. It can finally turn into a mental and physical health problem, and can be a symptom or cause of depression. It can affect self-respect. You might turn to food and not feel like to exercise, as chronic loneliness is linked to increased risk of high blood pressure, obesity and even dementia (痴呆).
To manage loneliness, you need to accept it. Loneliness is one of the most common feelings people have. Don’t brush it under the carpet, as that doesn’t help solve the problem. Seek joy in little things, like smelling a flower or a walk in nature. Celebrate each small achievement. When you decide to change things and seek a connect in with others, consider ale-minded group. A patient of mine joined a sewing group and it was very successful.
The best way to help somebody who is lonely is to sensitively ask how they are and what they’re doing, and listen to the answer in a non-judgmental way. If you want to invite them to do something with you, do it. If they say no, don’t be discouraged from asking again. They might need time before feeling ready to say yes.
5．Why does the author focus on loneliness?
A．To do research on patients’ sleep disorders.
B．To find out the true reason for loneliness.
C．To provide better service for patients.
D．To help poor sleepers gain a better sleep.
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Accepting loneliness is the only cure.
B．Hiding loneliness turns out to be unwise.
C．Joining a sewing group proves successful.
D．Meeting people with common interests won’t help.
7．If you want to help your friend Tom who is lonely, what will you do?
A．Invite him later again though he has refused.
B．Leave him alone for fear of disturbing him.
C．Tell him right from wrong after listening to him carefully.
D．Ask about his conditions publicly when noticing him in a bad mood.
8．What do we know about loneliness according to the text?
A．Loneliness is a choice that people can choose by themselves.
B．Loneliness is a factor that can influence yourself-reflection.
C．Loneliness is a serious problem that can cause dementia directly.
D．Loneliness is a complicated emotion that people may all experience.
（2022春·江苏镇江·高一统考期末）It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram (一款照片分享应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.
Ryan Elder and Jeff Larson of Brigham Young University asked 232 people to look at photos of food and rate them. The researchers divided the participants into two groups-one group looked at 60 photos of desserts, while the other examined 60 photos of sally foods. Participants (参加者) ranked each photo based on how attractive the food looked. Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts. The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.
“If you want to enjoy your meal, avoid looking at too many pictures of food,” Larson said. “Even I felt a little sick to my stomach during the study after looking at all the sweet pictures we had.”
The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation (感觉) of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.
“In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom-you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.”
But there is some good news: People need to look at a lot of food photos to experience sensory boredom. So if you want to enjoy your next brunch, play it safe and stay away from your foodie friend’s photo albums.
9．What did the researchers do in the experiment?
A．They showed peanut pictures to participants.
B．They chose 232 participants who enjoy eating.
C．They reminded participants to avoid sweet food.
D．They asked participants to eat some salted peanuts.
10．What happened to the participants in the salty group?
A．They were afraid of rating food pictures. B．They found salted peanuts less enjoyable.
C．They enjoyed their meals a lot more. D．They compared their food with others’.
11．which of the following shows “sensory boredom”?
A．You lose your sense of taste when you feel extremely tired.
B．You are bored with your meal after taking pictures of food.
C．You find food less delicious after seeing many food pictures.
D．You eat more than before when the food tastes delicious.
12．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How we can stay away from Instagram. B．What causes people to enjoy salty foods.
C．Why Instagram is reducing your appetite. D．Which food tastes less delicious.
（2022春·江苏无锡·高一统考期末）Some 15 years ago, in the beautiful Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, an organic (有机的) farmer separate his cows among two fields, one of which was near the beach. Overtime, Joe Dorgan noticed that his cows by the ocean were in better shape than other cows. They were producing more milk, had fewer diseases and were highly reproductive. They seemed to be all-around happier animals.
The only difference he could see between the two kinds was that the happier ones could reach the beach and were eating seaweed. So Dorgan carried seaweed across the road for his land-locked cows to see if it would make a difference. Before long, those cows were catching up with their seaside ones. He then sold his farm to start a new company, North Atlantic Organics, selling organic sea plant products to local farmers.
He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.
One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet.
On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (温室) gas as one car. About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of methane from animals when digesting (消化) the food. With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows. What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.
It was a moment of light, and a global search for an even more efficient (高效的) seaweed began. The potential for the seaweed to reduce the world’ s greenhouse gas output is great, and the hope is that cows will be feeding on Future Feed — the commercial product developed by CSIRO, Meat and Livestock Australia, and James Cook University — by the end of 2022.
13．Why is the story of Joe Dorgan and his cows mentioned?
A．To raise a doubt. B．To lead to the topic.
C．To praise a farmer. D．To respond to the problem.
14．What does the underlined word “methane” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A．A dangerous food harmful to the animals.
B．A dangerous food harmful to the humans.
C．A kind of chemical harmful to the food.
D．A kind of chemical harmful to the environment.
15．What’ s the most important finding of Rob Kinley’ s research?
A．One cow can be as bad as one car for the environment.
B．Animals give off more greenhouse gases than expected.
C．Seaweed-eating cows are friendlier to the environment.
D．Non-seaweed-eating cows give off 18% lower greenhouse gas.
16．What’ s the best title for the text?
A．A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change
B．An Unusually Smart Farmer in the Fight against Global Greenhouse Gas
C．The Specially Efficient Seaweed in the Fight for More Milk from the Cows
D．The World-changing Research in the Fight for More Commercial Future Feed
（2022春·江苏淮安·高一统考期末）After years of efforts, China’s space station has been fully operational.
Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.
After the Shenzhou XV spacecraft docked (对接) with the Tiangong space station, the three astronauts handed it over to the three new arrivals before returning to Earth. During the week-long transition (过渡) period there were six astronauts living in the space station. That’s really a huge step forward. Actually, China’s space progress has been advancing. It took eight years to go from Shenzhou V to the Tiangong I space lab, and five years from Tiangong I to the more advanced spacelab Tian gong II.
With the arrival of the Shenzhou XV spacecraft and it screw (全体工作人员) , the Chinese space station is opening a new chapter for China’s space program, as the astronauts will conduct a series of scientific experiments in space. More than 40 space science and technology experiments will be conducted by the Shenzhou XV astronauts. And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.
Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating (协调) with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.
The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.
17．What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A．Shenzhou V could only take one astronaut to space.
B．Shenzhou V is China’s first man-made spacecraft.
C．Shenzhou XV is China’s first space station.
D．Shenzhou XV stayed in space for just 23 hours.
18．What will happen after the arrival of the Shenzhou XV and it screw?
A．An advanced university laboratory will be sent to Tiangong.
B．Foreign astronauts will probably work in Tiangong in the near future.
C．The International Space Station will be replaced by Tiangong.
D．Crews from Shenzhou XV has done many experiments in space.
19．What’s the author’s attitude towards Tiangong Space Station?
A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．In different. D．Positive.
20．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Tiangong space station is open to the world.
B．Shenzhou crews meet in Tiangong space station.
C．Tiangong space station and its functions.
D．Shenzhou XV and its advanced techniques.
（2022春·江苏宿迁·高一统考期末）In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.
The limited lifespan of many tech gadgets(设备)has caused the issue of e-waste to increase over the years. “People tend not to realize that all these seemingly insignificant things have a lot of value, especially in large amounts, ”Pascal Leroy, director general of the WEEE Forum, said in a statement
How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers. Actually, large amounts of e-waste are shipped to developing countries that lack the power to refuse and safely recycle these imports. The WHO warned that children, with their smaller hands, are often used to deal with mountains of e-waste in developing nations in search of valuable elements such as copper, silver, palladium and so on. The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.
Personally, what can you do to reduce the e-waste burden? Find an e-waste disposal(处理) service. The impact of recycling e-waste can be staggering. For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered. Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible
21．What might come along with companies launching new e-products?
A．More electronic waste.
B．Few optional tech gadgets.
C．Limited lifespan of the devices.
D．Important things for consumers.
22．Why are children greatly influenced by e-waste according to the WHO?
A．Developed countries can’t recycle e-waste safely.
B．E-waste mountains are places for children to play.
C．Many valuable elements can be found on e-waste mountains.
D．Children are hired in the informal e-waste processing industry.
23．What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Interesting. B．Surprising. C．Annoying. D．Challenging.
24．Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A．What is the source of e-waste? B．E-waste—a serious problem?
C．E-waste—a processing industry? D．What to do with your e-waste?
（2022春·江苏南京·高一统考期末）In December 1994, a weight-loss movement was started, stating that obesity(肥胖) had become America’s second-largest cause of death, “resulting in about 300, 000 lives lost each year.” This marked the beginning of a long and influential life for the number. Experts began using the number to stress the seriousness of the problem. After ten years, the number had ballooned to nearly 400, 000 deaths caused by high weight, and it was expected to soon reach half a million. But these seemingly shocking numbers were then overturned(推翻) The number killer was Katherine Flegal.
Hoping to better understand the relationship between body size and death rate, Flegal led a study that finally showed something many scientists—and certainly the public—did not expect:the annual(每年的) deaths related to obesity added up to just more than 100, 000. More interesting still, people considered “overweight” could live longer than those who had “normal” weight. The study was met with a firestorm of doubt. “People were saying that our article was rubbish,” Flegal says. “Our findings produced controversy(争论) because someone wanted a controversy.”
“People are just more comfortable with a larger number—they prefer it to be larger,” Flegal says. And in nutrition science and medicine, that larger number is equal to the idea that thinner is better, skinnier is healthier. “You can report the same findings about obesity 100 times, and it can be called ‘unexpected’ every single time,” Flegal says. “At what point would you change your mind and say this might be the expected?”
“It’s human nature for people to find proof that supports their belief,” Caan, a breast cancer researcher says. “But we need to study where the data takes us.” Her own “unexpected findings” led to a discovery that could influence breast cancer patients:keeping muscle during treatment is far more important to survival than avoiding weight gain. “We can’t be stuck in what we thought was true,” Caan says, “because then we’re never going to move the field forward.”
25．In paragraph 1, the author lists numbers to ______.
A．call on people to lose weight B．draw experts’ attention to obesity
C．support the weight-loss movement D．introduce Flegal’s research background
26．What do we know about Flegal’s study?
A．It helped people to live a longer life.
B．It lacked proof so that it caused doubt.
C．Its aim was to decide on normal weight ranges.
D．Its findings were beyond people’s expectations.
27．What does “this” refer to in paragraph 3?
A．A point that changes our mind.
B．A study about nutrition science.
C．The large number of deaths caused by obesity.
D．The idea that thinner is better, skinnier is healthier
28．What can be inferred(推断) from Caan’s unexpected findings?
A．Breast cancer is related to body size.
B．It is necessary to break limiting beliefs.
C．Losing weight matters to cancer patients.
D．It is right to believe what we choose to believe.
（2022春·江苏宿迁·高一统考期末）Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)as underwater walls can help reduce the effects of hurricanes on coastal communities. This seems unbelievable. It is reported that scientists have discovered that coral reefs are even more effective than man-made sea walls under the water. However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.
Let’s take a closer look at how coral reefs protect us from floods, and how scientists are restoring (修复) reefs.
The roles that coral reefs play as underwater walls have long been recorded by scientists. During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding. In contrast, the western coasts without coral reefs suffered serious damage. The researchers observed that the shape of coral reefs can break the approaching waves. More recently, researchers at the University of Miami have reached the same conclusion. They used a special lab simulator to recreate ocean conditions during a Category 5 hurricane. They found that coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves by up to 95 percent!
Because of higher ocean acidity (酸 性) and temperature, coral reefs are disappearing and dying out. At the same time, climate change puts weakened coral reefs under more stress. The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.
29．What can we know about coral reefs?
A．They can reduce hurricanes.
B．They are faced with danger now.
C．They can’t effectively prevent floods.
D．They aren’t influenced by overfishing.
30．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 3?
A．A terrible hurricane attacked Australia in 2015.
B．Scientists paid little attention to coral reefs before.
C．Coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves to 95%.
D．The eastern coasts of Australia were damaged seriously.
31．What may happen to coral reefs in the future?
A．Coral reefs may disappear. B．Coral reefs will be ignored.
C．More coral reefs may appear D．Few coral reefs will be planted.
32．What’s the purpose of this passage?
A．To introduce the growth of coral reefs.
B．To explain the functions of coral reefs.
C．To encourage people to plant more coral reefs.
D．To stress the importance of protecting carol reefs.
（2022春·江苏徐州·高一统考期末）It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing huge damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage, and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: the trash-eating robot.
Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean. For example, the French company IADMEEYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot. This small robot gathers up everything it meets, including liquid hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) such as gasoline and oil. The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour. The jellyfishbots’ small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports.
For larger, more open areas, a much larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function. Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt (传送带) that picks up trash. Once a sensor indicates that the rubbish bins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the rubbish bins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.
The Interceptor’s name comes from the verb intercept because its purpose is to prevent trash from getting to the ocean. Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers. Cleaning up trash that litters the ocean is good, but to keep the oceans clean, new garbage must be stopped from getting there. Therefore the Interceptor is used to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.
The Interceptor is completely solar-powered and operates on its own, which minimizes the need for human involvement.
Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling through beach cleanup by hand. Hopefully, they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution.
33．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the background.
B．To set the readers reflecting.
C．To state the writer ‘s intention.
D．To give supporting details.
34．What do the jellyfishbot and the Interceptor have in common?
A．They need no human operation.
B．They can clean up crowded ports.
C．They are both solar-powered.
D．They are controlled in the distance.
35．Which of the following has the same meaning as “intercept” in paragraph 4?
A．Stop. B．Check. C．Sort. D．Collect.
36．What is an advantage of trash-eating robots?
A．They collect all the garbage.
B．They save much human labor.
C．They get rid of water pollution.
D．They empty the rubbish bins.
（2022春·江苏徐州·高一统考期末）There are many reasons to be excited for colder temperatures as we head into autumn: sweater weather, colorful leaves, drinking coffee without breaking a sweat.
And while we’ve got a personal preference for cold, there are also many scientific reasons that cold is better than hot. And it’s not just about whether you prefer the winter or summer Olympics—it’s about what effects cold temps have on your body. Dive below for the details.
Professor Patrick Baylis recently completed a heat study where he found that a high of 90degrees Fahrenheit(华氏温度计的)makes an average person’s happiness drop in the same way it does between a Sunday and Monday. For many of those who work Monday to Friday, you don’t need research to tell you the Sunday Scaries are real.
Sleep is extremely important for our physical and mental health, and the most suitable temperature is part of getting a good night’s sleep. Dr. Christopher Winter, a neurologist and sleep specialist, states that between 60 and 67 degrees Fahrenheit is the ideal temperature when you’re catching zzz’s. In addition, Dr. Winter recounts that studies have also found that cooler body temperatures lead to more deep sleep. Those who sleep in cooler temperatures also sleep longer and feel more awake the next morning.
When your body shivers, it has to work harder to maintain your body temperature. According to Nancy Clark, shivering can burn 400 calories per hour. When it’s that cold, you expend more energy than in warm weather, though how much depends on factors like the exact temperature and your clothing. Some studies have also found that physical performance drops in hotter temperatures. For example in one study, marathon runners slowed as temperatures increased.
Many of us have a very definite preference between cold and hot, but some research has found that cold has more benefits. Autumn is on its way. Take action for cold temperature.
37．For what scientific reason is cold better than hot?
A．People can wear sweaters.
B．People can drink hot coffee.
C．Cold presents colorful views.
D．Cold has good effects on body.
38．According to Dr. Christopher Winter, what contributes to more deep sleep?
A．Too much work.
B．Hotter body temperature.
C．Less exercise.
D．Cooler body temperature.
39．How many effects do cold temperatures have on your body?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
40．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Personal preferences for cold.
B．Differences between hot and cold.
C．Changes of physical performance.
D．Benefits of cold temperatures.
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海狸筑坝虽然有利于生态系统的构建和发展，但同时影响了其他物种的迁移以及人们的生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is primarily because beavers need to use their dams to hide from predators (捕食者)like bears, wolves, and river otters. (这主要是因为海狸需要利用它们的水坝来躲避熊、狼和河獭等捕食者。)”可知，海狸筑坝的原因是为了利用它们躲避捕食者。故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Beavers build dams up to 5 meters high, and the largest one, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters long. Most dams are built from pieces of wood, with stones at the base and a sealing layer of mud and plants on the upstream side. (海狸建造的水坝高达5米，最大的水坝位于加拿大阿尔伯塔省，有850米长。大多数水坝都是用木块建造的，底部有石头，上游有一层泥土和植物作为密封层。)”可知，本段主要介绍海狸建造的水坝的基本特征如坝高，坝长以及建造材料等等。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Beaver dams can promote the creation and development of stable wetland ecosystems (海狸水坝可以促进稳定湿地生态系统的创建和发展。)”可知，本段主要论述的是海狸建造的水坝是有利于生态系统的创建和发展的即具有重要的生态意义。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thus, people should control the construction of beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands. (因此，人们应该控制海狸水坝的建设，特别是在人类居住的地区，靠近农田和牧场。)”可知，海狸筑建的水坝影响了人类的生活，故需要控制海狸的水坝建设。故选A。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了孤独是一种情感。我们可能在某些时候都经历过，但孤独对我们每个人来说都是非常复杂和独特的。要管理孤独，你需要接受它。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“I am a cognitive behavioral hypnotherapist . I started my practice from sleep disorders, and soon came to realize how strongly loneliness was linked with poor sleep. I’ve focused on my skills and understanding of loneliness in order to know how I could best serve my patients.”（我是认知行为治疗师。我从睡眠障碍开始行医，很快就意识到孤独与睡眠质量差有多么密切的联系。我一直专注于我的技能和对孤独的理解，以便知道我如何才能最好地服务我的病人。）可知，作者关注孤独是因为想为患者提供更好的服务。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“To manage loneliness, you need to accept it. Loneliness is one of the most common feelings people have. Don’t brush it under the carpet, as that doesn’t help solve the problem. ”（要管理孤独，你需要接受它。孤独是人们最常见的感受之一。不要把它掩盖起来，那样无助于解决问题。）可知，从第4段可以推断出隐藏孤独被证明是不明智的。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If you want to invite them to do something with you, do it. If they say no, don’t be discouraged from asking again. They might need time before feeling ready to say yes.”（如果你想邀请他们和你一起做什么，就去做吧。如果他们说不，不要气馁，不要再问了。他们可能需要一些时间才能同意。）可推知，如果你想帮助你孤独的朋友汤姆，虽然他拒绝了，但你可以以后再邀请他。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Loneliness is an emotion. We probably all experience it at some point, but loneliness is very complicated and unique to each of us.”（孤独是一种情感。我们可能在某些时候都经历过，但孤独对我们每个人来说都是非常复杂和独特的。）可知，根据文章，我们知道孤独是一种复杂的情感，每个人都可能经历。故选D项。
9．D 10．B 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现，盯着食物照片的人不太可能享受他们吃的下一餐并解释了Instagram影响人们食欲的原因。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts.(之后，两组人都享用了咸花生点心。)”可知，研究者要求参与者吃一些咸花生。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.(看咸食物图片的那组人比看甜点的那组人更不喜欢花生，尽管没有人看到花生的照片。)”可知，他们觉得咸花生不那么美味。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation (感觉) of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.(研究人员认为，看了这么多照片后，食物的味道就没那么好了，因为看了这么多照片会让人感觉好像已经体验过进食的感觉了。人们看完照片后吃的东西似乎没有她看到的那么好。)”和文章第五段““In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom-you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.”(埃尔德说：“在某种程度上，你甚至不吃食物就会厌倦那种味道。”“这是一种感官上的无聊——你已经有所改变了。你再也不想要那种味觉体验了。”)”可知，看了很多食物图片后，你会觉得食物不好吃了，这是一种感官上的无聊。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram (一款照片分享应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.(是时候放下手机，把目光从Instagram上移开了：研究人员发现，盯着食物照片的人不太可能享受他们吃的下一餐。)”可知，文章主要解释了为什么Instagram影响人们食欲。故选C。
13．B 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位有机农场的农民无意间发现了用海藻喂养奶牛会有很多益处，并由此可能给应对气候变化提供一个重要的武器。
13．推理判断题。文章在一二两段讲述了Dorgan和他所养的牛的故事，而根据文章第三段“He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.(他知道自己要干大事了。但他不知道，他对奶牛新饮食的注意，将为世界提供一个潜在的重大武器，以应对气候变化。)”可知，他的发现可能会给应对气候变化提供一个武器，下文就开始介绍具体情况。所以Dorgan和他所养的牛的故事之所以在开头被提及是为了引出本文主题。故选B。
14．词义猜测题。根据本段首句“On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (温室) gas as one car.(平均来说，一头牛释放的温室气体相当于一辆汽车。)”可知，牛会排放温室气体。再根据划线单词前“About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of (全球大约15%的温室气体是由……组成)”以及后“from animals when digesting (消化) the food.(是由动物消化食物时产生)”可知，划线单词指的是一种对环境有害的化学物质。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows. What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.(有了Dorgan的海藻混合物，Kinley开始测量奶牛的排放。他发现，与不吃海藻的奶牛相比，吃海藻的奶牛甲烷排放量减少了18%。)”可知，Rob Kinley的研究发现吃海藻的奶牛排放的甲烷量大为减少，所以对环境更为友好。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.(他知道自己要干大事了。但他不知道，他对奶牛新饮食的注意，将为世界提供一个潜在的重大武器，以应对气候变化。)”以及第四段“One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet. (其中一位科学家Rob Kinley正在研究通过改变动物饮食来减少温室气体排放的方法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可能用来对抗气候变化的重大武器。所以“A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change(对抗气候变化的潜在重要武器)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
17．A 18．B 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经过多年努力，中国的空间站已经全面运行，作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.”（在过去的19年里，从中国首次载人航天任务神舟五号到最新的神舟十五号发射，中国的航天项目已经从单一宇航员任务发展到多名宇航员长期在太空停留，宇航员在太空停留的时间从仅23小时扩大到6个月。）可知，从第二段我们可以知道神舟五号只能搭载一名宇航员进入太空。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多个国家派遣宇航员参加空间站实验的请求，中国正在协调并积极准备培训外国宇航员。）可知，神舟十五号到达后，在不久的将来，外国宇航员可能会在天宫工作。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（国际空间站在其服役期间已经进行了3000多项实验，中国空间站在这方面不会浪费一分钟。作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。这是值得期待的。）可推知，作者对天宫空间站的态度是积极肯定的。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第四段中“And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.”（随着更多的科研设备被送往空间站，它将相当于在太空中拥有一个世界一流的大学实验室。）、倒数第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多个国家派遣宇航员参加空间站实验的请求，中国正在协调并积极准备培训外国宇航员。）和最后一段中“As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。这是值得期待的。）可知，文章主要讲的是经过多年努力，中国的空间站已经全面运行，作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。故文章最适合的标题是“天宫空间站向世界开放”。故选A项。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了电子垃圾污染严重的问题以及处理电子垃圾的方法。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.”（在过去的几个月里，苹果、谷歌和三星都推出了他们最新的智能手机和其他产品。但在这个过程中，这也可能加剧一个日益严重的问题:电子垃圾）可知，公司推出新的电子产品会产生电子垃圾。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.”（世界卫生组织表示，超过1800万儿童的健康受到了负面影响，因为他们受雇于这个非正规的电子垃圾处理行业）可知，根据世界卫生组织的说法，儿童会受到电子垃圾的巨大影响是因为儿童被雇佣在非正规的电子垃圾处理行业。故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered.”（每回收100万部手机，就能回收35000磅铜、772磅银、75磅黄金和33磅钯）可知，回收电子垃圾的影响可能是惊人的。所以划线词的意思是“令人惊讶的”。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.”（在过去的几个月里，苹果、谷歌和三星都推出了他们最新的智能手机和其他产品。但在这个过程中，这也可能加剧一个日益严重的问题:电子垃圾）；根据第三段“How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers.”（如何解决电子垃圾的问题不仅仅是清理你的垃圾箱的空间。）；根据最后一段“Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible”（与此同时，环保人士表示，解决日益严重的电子垃圾问题最重要的一步就是尽量长时间地使用电子产品）可知，短文介绍了电子垃圾污染严重的问题以及处理电子垃圾的方法。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何处理你的电子垃圾”。故选D项。
25．D 26．D 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凯瑟琳·弗莱格尔对肥胖问题的研究。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ But these seemingly shocking numbers were then overturned(推翻) The number killer was Katherine Flegal.(但这些看似令人震惊的数字后来被推翻了，推翻这一数字的是凯瑟琳·弗莱戈。)”可知，在第一段中，作者列出数字是为了介绍凯瑟琳·弗莱戈的研究背景。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“More interesting still, people considered “overweight” could live longer than those who had “normal” weight. The study was met with a firestorm of doubt.(更有趣的是，被认为“超重”的人比体重“正常”的人活得更长。这项研究遭到了猛烈的质疑。)”可知，关于弗莱戈的研究调查结果超出了人们的预期。故选D项。
27．词句猜测题。根据上文“the annual(每年的) deaths related to obesity added up to just more than 100, 000.(每年与肥胖相关的死亡人数加起来刚刚超过10万人。)”和“You can report the same findings about obesity 100 times, and it can be called ‘unexpected’ every single time,” (关于肥胖，你可以报道100次同样的发现，但每一次都可以被称为“意外”)”可推知，第3段this指的是肥胖导致的大量死亡这一情况。故选C项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We can’t be stuck in what we thought was true,” Caan says, “because then we’re never going to move the field forward.”(我们不能拘泥于我们认为正确的东西，”Caan说，“因为那样我们就永远无法推动这个领域向前发展。”)”可推知，打破限制性信念是必要的。故选B项。
29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述珊瑚礁作为水下墙壁可以帮助减少飓风对沿海社区的影响。然而，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。为了保护我们的社区，保持海洋生态系统的活力，作者呼吁大家需要立即保护珊瑚礁。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. (然而，珊瑚礁特别容易受到气候变化的影响。过度捕捞和污染也被证明对它们非常危险。自1950年以来，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。)”可知，目前珊瑚礁面临灭绝的危险。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding.(2015年澳大利亚遭遇3级飓风时，珊瑚礁有效地保护了东部海岸线免受洪水侵袭。)”可知，2015年澳大利亚遭到飓风的严重破坏。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.(迈阿密大学的研究人员正在试验种植新的珊瑚礁，而其他人则在积极寻找降低海水酸度的有效方法。政府也对这些行动给予了更多的关注，并为珊瑚礁的恢复提供了足够的资金。通过这些努力，我们可以应对气候对珊瑚礁的威胁，珊瑚礁也可以继续保护我们的社区。)”可知，在各方努力下，未来珊瑚礁可以应对潜在威胁，有更多的珊瑚礁可以出现。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.(为了保护我们的社区，保持海洋生态系统的活力，我们需要立即保护珊瑚礁。)”可知，本文作者写这篇文章强调了珊瑚礁对人类生活环境的重要性，呼吁人们保护珊瑚礁也是保护我们自己的家园。故选D项。
33．A 34．D 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是处理海洋垃圾的机器人的相关情况。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段的“It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing huge damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage, and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: the trash-eating robot.(我们的海洋充满了垃圾，这已成为常识。破碎的物体，用过的塑料瓶等等填满了我们的海滩，覆盖了海底，对海洋生物造成了巨大的损害。许多个人和组织都在努力清除这些垃圾，最近的技术发展为他们提供了一种新的工具:吃垃圾机器人。)”可知，第一段的目的是介绍背景。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled(这个水母机器人是远程控制的)”和第三段的“Once a sensor indicates that the rubbish bins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the rubbish bins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.(一旦传感器显示垃圾桶已满，拦截器就会自动向岸上操作人员发送信息。这些操作人员收集并清空垃圾桶，将垃圾送到当地的垃圾管理设施。)”可知，水母机器人和拦截器的共同点在于它们都是远程控制的，故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“because its purpose is to prevent trash from getting to the ocean(因为它的目的是防止垃圾进入海洋)”可知，划线词所在的句子的意思是“拦截器的名字来源于动词拦截，因为它的目的是防止垃圾进入海洋”，因此intercept的意思是“防止，阻止”，和stop意思相近，故选A。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling through beach cleanup by hand.(机器人能够清理大量垃圾，而不需要人工费力地清理海滩。)”可知，处理垃圾的机器人的优点是它们节省了很多人力。故选B。
37．D 38．D 39．B 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了寒冷对身体有很好的影响并介绍了相关研究。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And while we’ve got a personal preference for cold, there are also many scientific reasons that cold is better than hot. And it’s not just about whether you prefer the winter or summer Olympics—it’s about what effects cold temps have on your body.(虽然我们个人偏爱冷，但也有许多科学原因表明冷比热更好。这不仅关系到你是喜欢冬季奥运会还是夏季奥运会，还关系到寒冷的气温对你的身体有什么影响)”可知，冷比热好的科学原理是寒冷对身体有很好的影响。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In addition, Dr. Winter recounts that studies have also found that cooler body temperatures lead to more deep sleep.(此外，温特博士指出，研究还发现，较低的体温会导致更多的深度睡眠)”可知，冷却身体温度有助于深度睡眠。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Professor Patrick Baylis recently completed a heat study where he found that a high of 90degrees Fahrenheit makes an average person’s happiness drop in the same way it does between a Sunday and Monday.(帕特里克•贝利斯教授最近完成了一项热量研究，他发现，90华氏度的高温会使普通人的幸福感下降，这与周日至周一的情况相同)”和第四段“Sleep is extremely important for our physical and mental health, and the most suitable temperature is part of getting a good night’s sleep.(睡眠对我们的身心健康极其重要，最合适的温度是获得良好睡眠的一部分)”以及第五段中“Some studies have also found that physical performance drops in hotter temperatures. For example in one study, marathon runners slowed as temperatures increased.(一些研究还发现，在更高的温度下，身体性能会下降。例如，在一项研究中，马拉松运动员的速度随着温度的升高而减慢)”可知，低温对你的身体有三种影响。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many of us have a very definite preference between cold and hot, but some research has found that cold has more benefits.(我们中的许多人对冷和热有着非常明确的偏好，但一些研究发现，冷有更多的好处)”结合文章主要说明了寒冷对身体有很好的影响并介绍了相关研究。可知，文章的主旨是寒冷气温的好处。故选D。
译林版（2020）高一英语下学期期末复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期末真题)
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2022春·江苏盐城·高一江苏省射阳中学校考期末）Beavers (河狸) are famous for building impressive dams in streams. They have a rare ability to transform the landscapes they live in. This is primarily because beavers need to use their dams to hide from predators (捕食者) like bears, wolves, and river otters. Beavers live in dome-shaped constructions within the ponds that can only be accessed by underwater entrances. Inside, they are safe from threats. Besides, they can also store food inside and keep warm in winter.
Beavers build dams up to 5 meters high, and the largest one, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters long. Most dams are built from pieces of wood, with stones at the base and a sealing layer of mud and plants on the upstream side. The dams are thicker at the bottom with a shallow slope on the upstream side, meaning that the weight of the water pushes down on the dam, keeping it in place and allowing it to hold back large volumes of water. Their engineering work is so effective that beaver dams can last for decades.
Beaver dams can promote the creation and development of stable wetland ecosystems, one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, which serve as the home of rare and endangered species. In addition, the dams can help water flow to the newly created ponds, thus, preventing flooding in areas downstream of the rivers where these dams are built. They also protect the land from soil erosion (侵蚀, 腐蚀) and block pollutants in the water flow downstream into major water bodies.
However, Ph. D．student Robert Needham, from the International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research at Southampton, expressed a great deal of his concern about the possibility of beaver dams blocking the upstream and downstream migration (迁移) of Atlantic salmon (鲑鱼) and trout during their reproduction seasons, as well as affecting habitat (栖息地) quality. Thus, people should control the construction of beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands.
1．What is the main reason for beavers to build dams?
A．Keeping warm in winter.
B．Storing food for later use.
C．Protecting themselves from predators.
D．Saving their habitats from river flooding.
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The living environment of beavers.
B．The features of beaver dams.
C．The methods of building beaver dams.
D．The introduction to the largest beaver dam.
3．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．River pollution poses a big danger to beavers.
B．Beaver dams have great ecological(生态的)significance.
C．Stable wetland ecosystems are important to dam construction.
D．Beaver dams serve as the place of reproduction for some species.
4．Which of the following may Robert Needham agree with?
A．People may be disturbed by too many beaver dams.
B．Beaver dams make many sea animals leave their habitats.
C．Farmers could benefit a lot from beavers engineering work.
D．Beaver dams promote an increase of some species in the Atlantic
（2022春·江苏淮安·高一统考期末）I am a cognitive behavioral hypnotherapist (认知行为治疗师). I started my practice from sleep disorders, and soon came to realize how strongly loneliness was linked with poor sleep. I’ve focused on my skills and understanding of loneliness in order to know how I could best serve my patients.
Loneliness is an emotion. We probably all experience it at some point, but loneliness is very complicated and unique to each of us. There’s a big difference between loneliness and solitude (独处). Being alone is a choice, while feeling lonely isn’t something we force ourselves. You want to be around people, but something is making you feel unwanted or empty, so you’re not having the meaningful connection you seek.
When you’re feeling lonely over a long period of time, it becomes a chronic (慢性的) problem. It can finally turn into a mental and physical health problem, and can be a symptom or cause of depression. It can affect self-respect. You might turn to food and not feel like to exercise, as chronic loneliness is linked to increased risk of high blood pressure, obesity and even dementia (痴呆).
To manage loneliness, you need to accept it. Loneliness is one of the most common feelings people have. Don’t brush it under the carpet, as that doesn’t help solve the problem. Seek joy in little things, like smelling a flower or a walk in nature. Celebrate each small achievement. When you decide to change things and seek a connect in with others, consider ale-minded group. A patient of mine joined a sewing group and it was very successful.
The best way to help somebody who is lonely is to sensitively ask how they are and what they’re doing, and listen to the answer in a non-judgmental way. If you want to invite them to do something with you, do it. If they say no, don’t be discouraged from asking again. They might need time before feeling ready to say yes.
5．Why does the author focus on loneliness?
A．To do research on patients’ sleep disorders.
B．To find out the true reason for loneliness.
C．To provide better service for patients.
D．To help poor sleepers gain a better sleep.
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Accepting loneliness is the only cure.
B．Hiding loneliness turns out to be unwise.
C．Joining a sewing group proves successful.
D．Meeting people with common interests won’t help.
7．If you want to help your friend Tom who is lonely, what will you do?
A．Invite him later again though he has refused.
B．Leave him alone for fear of disturbing him.
C．Tell him right from wrong after listening to him carefully.
D．Ask about his conditions publicly when noticing him in a bad mood.
8．What do we know about loneliness according to the text?
A．Loneliness is a choice that people can choose by themselves.
B．Loneliness is a factor that can influence yourself-reflection.
C．Loneliness is a serious problem that can cause dementia directly.
D．Loneliness is a complicated emotion that people may all experience.
（2022春·江苏镇江·高一统考期末）It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram (一款照片分享应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.
Ryan Elder and Jeff Larson of Brigham Young University asked 232 people to look at photos of food and rate them. The researchers divided the participants into two groups-one group looked at 60 photos of desserts, while the other examined 60 photos of sally foods. Participants (参加者) ranked each photo based on how attractive the food looked. Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts. The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.
“If you want to enjoy your meal, avoid looking at too many pictures of food,” Larson said. “Even I felt a little sick to my stomach during the study after looking at all the sweet pictures we had.”
The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation (感觉) of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.
“In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom-you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.”
But there is some good news: People need to look at a lot of food photos to experience sensory boredom. So if you want to enjoy your next brunch, play it safe and stay away from your foodie friend’s photo albums.
9．What did the researchers do in the experiment?
A．They showed peanut pictures to participants.
B．They chose 232 participants who enjoy eating.
C．They reminded participants to avoid sweet food.
D．They asked participants to eat some salted peanuts.
10．What happened to the participants in the salty group?
A．They were afraid of rating food pictures. B．They found salted peanuts less enjoyable.
C．They enjoyed their meals a lot more. D．They compared their food with others’.
11．which of the following shows “sensory boredom”?
A．You lose your sense of taste when you feel extremely tired.
B．You are bored with your meal after taking pictures of food.
C．You find food less delicious after seeing many food pictures.
D．You eat more than before when the food tastes delicious.
12．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How we can stay away from Instagram. B．What causes people to enjoy salty foods.
C．Why Instagram is reducing your appetite. D．Which food tastes less delicious.
（2022春·江苏无锡·高一统考期末）Some 15 years ago, in the beautiful Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, an organic (有机的) farmer separate his cows among two fields, one of which was near the beach. Overtime, Joe Dorgan noticed that his cows by the ocean were in better shape than other cows. They were producing more milk, had fewer diseases and were highly reproductive. They seemed to be all-around happier animals.
The only difference he could see between the two kinds was that the happier ones could reach the beach and were eating seaweed. So Dorgan carried seaweed across the road for his land-locked cows to see if it would make a difference. Before long, those cows were catching up with their seaside ones. He then sold his farm to start a new company, North Atlantic Organics, selling organic sea plant products to local farmers.
He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.
One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet.
On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (温室) gas as one car. About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of methane from animals when digesting (消化) the food. With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows. What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.
It was a moment of light, and a global search for an even more efficient (高效的) seaweed began. The potential for the seaweed to reduce the world’ s greenhouse gas output is great, and the hope is that cows will be feeding on Future Feed — the commercial product developed by CSIRO, Meat and Livestock Australia, and James Cook University — by the end of 2022.
13．Why is the story of Joe Dorgan and his cows mentioned?
A．To raise a doubt. B．To lead to the topic.
C．To praise a farmer. D．To respond to the problem.
14．What does the underlined word “methane” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A．A dangerous food harmful to the animals.
B．A dangerous food harmful to the humans.
C．A kind of chemical harmful to the food.
D．A kind of chemical harmful to the environment.
15．What’ s the most important finding of Rob Kinley’ s research?
A．One cow can be as bad as one car for the environment.
B．Animals give off more greenhouse gases than expected.
C．Seaweed-eating cows are friendlier to the environment.
D．Non-seaweed-eating cows give off 18% lower greenhouse gas.
16．What’ s the best title for the text?
A．A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change
B．An Unusually Smart Farmer in the Fight against Global Greenhouse Gas
C．The Specially Efficient Seaweed in the Fight for More Milk from the Cows
D．The World-changing Research in the Fight for More Commercial Future Feed
（2022春·江苏淮安·高一统考期末）After years of efforts, China’s space station has been fully operational.
Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.
After the Shenzhou XV spacecraft docked (对接) with the Tiangong space station, the three astronauts handed it over to the three new arrivals before returning to Earth. During the week-long transition (过渡) period there were six astronauts living in the space station. That’s really a huge step forward. Actually, China’s space progress has been advancing. It took eight years to go from Shenzhou V to the Tiangong I space lab, and five years from Tiangong I to the more advanced spacelab Tian gong II.
With the arrival of the Shenzhou XV spacecraft and it screw (全体工作人员) , the Chinese space station is opening a new chapter for China’s space program, as the astronauts will conduct a series of scientific experiments in space. More than 40 space science and technology experiments will be conducted by the Shenzhou XV astronauts. And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.
Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating (协调) with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.
The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.
17．What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A．Shenzhou V could only take one astronaut to space.
B．Shenzhou V is China’s first man-made spacecraft.
C．Shenzhou XV is China’s first space station.
D．Shenzhou XV stayed in space for just 23 hours.
18．What will happen after the arrival of the Shenzhou XV and it screw?
A．An advanced university laboratory will be sent to Tiangong.
B．Foreign astronauts will probably work in Tiangong in the near future.
C．The International Space Station will be replaced by Tiangong.
D．Crews from Shenzhou XV has done many experiments in space.
19．What’s the author’s attitude towards Tiangong Space Station?
A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．In different. D．Positive.
20．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Tiangong space station is open to the world.
B．Shenzhou crews meet in Tiangong space station.
C．Tiangong space station and its functions.
D．Shenzhou XV and its advanced techniques.
（2022春·江苏宿迁·高一统考期末）In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.
The limited lifespan of many tech gadgets(设备)has caused the issue of e-waste to increase over the years. “People tend not to realize that all these seemingly insignificant things have a lot of value, especially in large amounts, ”Pascal Leroy, director general of the WEEE Forum, said in a statement
How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers. Actually, large amounts of e-waste are shipped to developing countries that lack the power to refuse and safely recycle these imports. The WHO warned that children, with their smaller hands, are often used to deal with mountains of e-waste in developing nations in search of valuable elements such as copper, silver, palladium and so on. The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.
Personally, what can you do to reduce the e-waste burden? Find an e-waste disposal(处理) service. The impact of recycling e-waste can be staggering. For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered. Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible
21．What might come along with companies launching new e-products?
A．More electronic waste.
B．Few optional tech gadgets.
C．Limited lifespan of the devices.
D．Important things for consumers.
22．Why are children greatly influenced by e-waste according to the WHO?
A．Developed countries can’t recycle e-waste safely.
B．E-waste mountains are places for children to play.
C．Many valuable elements can be found on e-waste mountains.
D．Children are hired in the informal e-waste processing industry.
23．What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Interesting. B．Surprising. C．Annoying. D．Challenging.
24．Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A．What is the source of e-waste? B．E-waste—a serious problem?
C．E-waste—a processing industry? D．What to do with your e-waste?
（2022春·江苏南京·高一统考期末）In December 1994, a weight-loss movement was started, stating that obesity(肥胖) had become America’s second-largest cause of death, “resulting in about 300, 000 lives lost each year.” This marked the beginning of a long and influential life for the number. Experts began using the number to stress the seriousness of the problem. After ten years, the number had ballooned to nearly 400, 000 deaths caused by high weight, and it was expected to soon reach half a million. But these seemingly shocking numbers were then overturned(推翻) The number killer was Katherine Flegal.
Hoping to better understand the relationship between body size and death rate, Flegal led a study that finally showed something many scientists—and certainly the public—did not expect:the annual(每年的) deaths related to obesity added up to just more than 100, 000. More interesting still, people considered “overweight” could live longer than those who had “normal” weight. The study was met with a firestorm of doubt. “People were saying that our article was rubbish,” Flegal says. “Our findings produced controversy(争论) because someone wanted a controversy.”
“People are just more comfortable with a larger number—they prefer it to be larger,” Flegal says. And in nutrition science and medicine, that larger number is equal to the idea that thinner is better, skinnier is healthier. “You can report the same findings about obesity 100 times, and it can be called ‘unexpected’ every single time,” Flegal says. “At what point would you change your mind and say this might be the expected?”
“It’s human nature for people to find proof that supports their belief,” Caan, a breast cancer researcher says. “But we need to study where the data takes us.” Her own “unexpected findings” led to a discovery that could influence breast cancer patients:keeping muscle during treatment is far more important to survival than avoiding weight gain. “We can’t be stuck in what we thought was true,” Caan says, “because then we’re never going to move the field forward.”
25．In paragraph 1, the author lists numbers to ______.
A．call on people to lose weight B．draw experts’ attention to obesity
C．support the weight-loss movement D．introduce Flegal’s research background
26．What do we know about Flegal’s study?
A．It helped people to live a longer life.
B．It lacked proof so that it caused doubt.
C．Its aim was to decide on normal weight ranges.
D．Its findings were beyond people’s expectations.
27．What does “this” refer to in paragraph 3?
A．A point that changes our mind.
B．A study about nutrition science.
C．The large number of deaths caused by obesity.
D．The idea that thinner is better, skinnier is healthier
28．What can be inferred(推断) from Caan’s unexpected findings?
A．Breast cancer is related to body size.
B．It is necessary to break limiting beliefs.
C．Losing weight matters to cancer patients.
D．It is right to believe what we choose to believe.
（2022春·江苏宿迁·高一统考期末）Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)as underwater walls can help reduce the effects of hurricanes on coastal communities. This seems unbelievable. It is reported that scientists have discovered that coral reefs are even more effective than man-made sea walls under the water. However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.
Let’s take a closer look at how coral reefs protect us from floods, and how scientists are restoring (修复) reefs.
The roles that coral reefs play as underwater walls have long been recorded by scientists. During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding. In contrast, the western coasts without coral reefs suffered serious damage. The researchers observed that the shape of coral reefs can break the approaching waves. More recently, researchers at the University of Miami have reached the same conclusion. They used a special lab simulator to recreate ocean conditions during a Category 5 hurricane. They found that coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves by up to 95 percent!
Because of higher ocean acidity (酸 性) and temperature, coral reefs are disappearing and dying out. At the same time, climate change puts weakened coral reefs under more stress. The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.
29．What can we know about coral reefs?
A．They can reduce hurricanes.
B．They are faced with danger now.
C．They can’t effectively prevent floods.
D．They aren’t influenced by overfishing.
30．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 3?
A．A terrible hurricane attacked Australia in 2015.
B．Scientists paid little attention to coral reefs before.
C．Coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves to 95%.
D．The eastern coasts of Australia were damaged seriously.
31．What may happen to coral reefs in the future?
A．Coral reefs may disappear. B．Coral reefs will be ignored.
C．More coral reefs may appear D．Few coral reefs will be planted.
32．What’s the purpose of this passage?
A．To introduce the growth of coral reefs.
B．To explain the functions of coral reefs.
C．To encourage people to plant more coral reefs.
D．To stress the importance of protecting carol reefs.
（2022春·江苏徐州·高一统考期末）It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing huge damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage, and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: the trash-eating robot.
Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean. For example, the French company IADMEEYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot. This small robot gathers up everything it meets, including liquid hydrocarbons (碳氢化合物) such as gasoline and oil. The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour. The jellyfishbots’ small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports.
For larger, more open areas, a much larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function. Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt (传送带) that picks up trash. Once a sensor indicates that the rubbish bins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the rubbish bins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.
The Interceptor’s name comes from the verb intercept because its purpose is to prevent trash from getting to the ocean. Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers. Cleaning up trash that litters the ocean is good, but to keep the oceans clean, new garbage must be stopped from getting there. Therefore the Interceptor is used to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.
The Interceptor is completely solar-powered and operates on its own, which minimizes the need for human involvement.
Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling through beach cleanup by hand. Hopefully, they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution.
33．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the background.
B．To set the readers reflecting.
C．To state the writer ‘s intention.
D．To give supporting details.
34．What do the jellyfishbot and the Interceptor have in common?
A．They need no human operation.
B．They can clean up crowded ports.
C．They are both solar-powered.
D．They are controlled in the distance.
35．Which of the following has the same meaning as “intercept” in paragraph 4?
A．Stop. B．Check. C．Sort. D．Collect.
36．What is an advantage of trash-eating robots?
A．They collect all the garbage.
B．They save much human labor.
C．They get rid of water pollution.
D．They empty the rubbish bins.
（2022春·江苏徐州·高一统考期末）There are many reasons to be excited for colder temperatures as we head into autumn: sweater weather, colorful leaves, drinking coffee without breaking a sweat.
And while we’ve got a personal preference for cold, there are also many scientific reasons that cold is better than hot. And it’s not just about whether you prefer the winter or summer Olympics—it’s about what effects cold temps have on your body. Dive below for the details.
Professor Patrick Baylis recently completed a heat study where he found that a high of 90degrees Fahrenheit(华氏温度计的)makes an average person’s happiness drop in the same way it does between a Sunday and Monday. For many of those who work Monday to Friday, you don’t need research to tell you the Sunday Scaries are real.
Sleep is extremely important for our physical and mental health, and the most suitable temperature is part of getting a good night’s sleep. Dr. Christopher Winter, a neurologist and sleep specialist, states that between 60 and 67 degrees Fahrenheit is the ideal temperature when you’re catching zzz’s. In addition, Dr. Winter recounts that studies have also found that cooler body temperatures lead to more deep sleep. Those who sleep in cooler temperatures also sleep longer and feel more awake the next morning.
When your body shivers, it has to work harder to maintain your body temperature. According to Nancy Clark, shivering can burn 400 calories per hour. When it’s that cold, you expend more energy than in warm weather, though how much depends on factors like the exact temperature and your clothing. Some studies have also found that physical performance drops in hotter temperatures. For example in one study, marathon runners slowed as temperatures increased.
Many of us have a very definite preference between cold and hot, but some research has found that cold has more benefits. Autumn is on its way. Take action for cold temperature.
37．For what scientific reason is cold better than hot?
A．People can wear sweaters.
B．People can drink hot coffee.
C．Cold presents colorful views.
D．Cold has good effects on body.
38．According to Dr. Christopher Winter, what contributes to more deep sleep?
A．Too much work.
B．Hotter body temperature.
C．Less exercise.
D．Cooler body temperature.
39．How many effects do cold temperatures have on your body?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
40．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Personal preferences for cold.
B．Differences between hot and cold.
C．Changes of physical performance.
D．Benefits of cold temperatures.
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海狸筑坝虽然有利于生态系统的构建和发展，但同时影响了其他物种的迁移以及人们的生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is primarily because beavers need to use their dams to hide from predators (捕食者)like bears, wolves, and river otters. (这主要是因为海狸需要利用它们的水坝来躲避熊、狼和河獭等捕食者。)”可知，海狸筑坝的原因是为了利用它们躲避捕食者。故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Beavers build dams up to 5 meters high, and the largest one, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters long. Most dams are built from pieces of wood, with stones at the base and a sealing layer of mud and plants on the upstream side. (海狸建造的水坝高达5米，最大的水坝位于加拿大阿尔伯塔省，有850米长。大多数水坝都是用木块建造的，底部有石头，上游有一层泥土和植物作为密封层。)”可知，本段主要介绍海狸建造的水坝的基本特征如坝高，坝长以及建造材料等等。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Beaver dams can promote the creation and development of stable wetland ecosystems (海狸水坝可以促进稳定湿地生态系统的创建和发展。)”可知，本段主要论述的是海狸建造的水坝是有利于生态系统的创建和发展的即具有重要的生态意义。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thus, people should control the construction of beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands. (因此，人们应该控制海狸水坝的建设，特别是在人类居住的地区，靠近农田和牧场。)”可知，海狸筑建的水坝影响了人类的生活，故需要控制海狸的水坝建设。故选A。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了孤独是一种情感。我们可能在某些时候都经历过，但孤独对我们每个人来说都是非常复杂和独特的。要管理孤独，你需要接受它。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“I am a cognitive behavioral hypnotherapist . I started my practice from sleep disorders, and soon came to realize how strongly loneliness was linked with poor sleep. I’ve focused on my skills and understanding of loneliness in order to know how I could best serve my patients.”（我是认知行为治疗师。我从睡眠障碍开始行医，很快就意识到孤独与睡眠质量差有多么密切的联系。我一直专注于我的技能和对孤独的理解，以便知道我如何才能最好地服务我的病人。）可知，作者关注孤独是因为想为患者提供更好的服务。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“To manage loneliness, you need to accept it. Loneliness is one of the most common feelings people have. Don’t brush it under the carpet, as that doesn’t help solve the problem. ”（要管理孤独，你需要接受它。孤独是人们最常见的感受之一。不要把它掩盖起来，那样无助于解决问题。）可知，从第4段可以推断出隐藏孤独被证明是不明智的。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If you want to invite them to do something with you, do it. If they say no, don’t be discouraged from asking again. They might need time before feeling ready to say yes.”（如果你想邀请他们和你一起做什么，就去做吧。如果他们说不，不要气馁，不要再问了。他们可能需要一些时间才能同意。）可推知，如果你想帮助你孤独的朋友汤姆，虽然他拒绝了，但你可以以后再邀请他。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Loneliness is an emotion. We probably all experience it at some point, but loneliness is very complicated and unique to each of us.”（孤独是一种情感。我们可能在某些时候都经历过，但孤独对我们每个人来说都是非常复杂和独特的。）可知，根据文章，我们知道孤独是一种复杂的情感，每个人都可能经历。故选D项。
9．D 10．B 11．C 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现，盯着食物照片的人不太可能享受他们吃的下一餐并解释了Instagram影响人们食欲的原因。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts.(之后，两组人都享用了咸花生点心。)”可知，研究者要求参与者吃一些咸花生。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.(看咸食物图片的那组人比看甜点的那组人更不喜欢花生，尽管没有人看到花生的照片。)”可知，他们觉得咸花生不那么美味。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation (感觉) of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.(研究人员认为，看了这么多照片后，食物的味道就没那么好了，因为看了这么多照片会让人感觉好像已经体验过进食的感觉了。人们看完照片后吃的东西似乎没有她看到的那么好。)”和文章第五段““In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom-you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.”(埃尔德说：“在某种程度上，你甚至不吃食物就会厌倦那种味道。”“这是一种感官上的无聊——你已经有所改变了。你再也不想要那种味觉体验了。”)”可知，看了很多食物图片后，你会觉得食物不好吃了，这是一种感官上的无聊。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram (一款照片分享应用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.(是时候放下手机，把目光从Instagram上移开了：研究人员发现，盯着食物照片的人不太可能享受他们吃的下一餐。)”可知，文章主要解释了为什么Instagram影响人们食欲。故选C。
13．B 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位有机农场的农民无意间发现了用海藻喂养奶牛会有很多益处，并由此可能给应对气候变化提供一个重要的武器。
13．推理判断题。文章在一二两段讲述了Dorgan和他所养的牛的故事，而根据文章第三段“He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.(他知道自己要干大事了。但他不知道，他对奶牛新饮食的注意，将为世界提供一个潜在的重大武器，以应对气候变化。)”可知，他的发现可能会给应对气候变化提供一个武器，下文就开始介绍具体情况。所以Dorgan和他所养的牛的故事之所以在开头被提及是为了引出本文主题。故选B。
14．词义猜测题。根据本段首句“On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (温室) gas as one car.(平均来说，一头牛释放的温室气体相当于一辆汽车。)”可知，牛会排放温室气体。再根据划线单词前“About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of (全球大约15%的温室气体是由……组成)”以及后“from animals when digesting (消化) the food.(是由动物消化食物时产生)”可知，划线单词指的是一种对环境有害的化学物质。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows. What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.(有了Dorgan的海藻混合物，Kinley开始测量奶牛的排放。他发现，与不吃海藻的奶牛相比，吃海藻的奶牛甲烷排放量减少了18%。)”可知，Rob Kinley的研究发现吃海藻的奶牛排放的甲烷量大为减少，所以对环境更为友好。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.(他知道自己要干大事了。但他不知道，他对奶牛新饮食的注意，将为世界提供一个潜在的重大武器，以应对气候变化。)”以及第四段“One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet. (其中一位科学家Rob Kinley正在研究通过改变动物饮食来减少温室气体排放的方法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可能用来对抗气候变化的重大武器。所以“A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change(对抗气候变化的潜在重要武器)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
17．A 18．B 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经过多年努力，中国的空间站已经全面运行，作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.”（在过去的19年里，从中国首次载人航天任务神舟五号到最新的神舟十五号发射，中国的航天项目已经从单一宇航员任务发展到多名宇航员长期在太空停留，宇航员在太空停留的时间从仅23小时扩大到6个月。）可知，从第二段我们可以知道神舟五号只能搭载一名宇航员进入太空。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多个国家派遣宇航员参加空间站实验的请求，中国正在协调并积极准备培训外国宇航员。）可知，神舟十五号到达后，在不久的将来，外国宇航员可能会在天宫工作。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（国际空间站在其服役期间已经进行了3000多项实验，中国空间站在这方面不会浪费一分钟。作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。这是值得期待的。）可推知，作者对天宫空间站的态度是积极肯定的。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第四段中“And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.”（随着更多的科研设备被送往空间站，它将相当于在太空中拥有一个世界一流的大学实验室。）、倒数第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多个国家派遣宇航员参加空间站实验的请求，中国正在协调并积极准备培训外国宇航员。）和最后一段中“As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。这是值得期待的。）可知，文章主要讲的是经过多年努力，中国的空间站已经全面运行，作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。故文章最适合的标题是“天宫空间站向世界开放”。故选A项。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了电子垃圾污染严重的问题以及处理电子垃圾的方法。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.”（在过去的几个月里，苹果、谷歌和三星都推出了他们最新的智能手机和其他产品。但在这个过程中，这也可能加剧一个日益严重的问题:电子垃圾）可知，公司推出新的电子产品会产生电子垃圾。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.”（世界卫生组织表示，超过1800万儿童的健康受到了负面影响，因为他们受雇于这个非正规的电子垃圾处理行业）可知，根据世界卫生组织的说法，儿童会受到电子垃圾的巨大影响是因为儿童被雇佣在非正规的电子垃圾处理行业。故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered.”（每回收100万部手机，就能回收35000磅铜、772磅银、75磅黄金和33磅钯）可知，回收电子垃圾的影响可能是惊人的。所以划线词的意思是“令人惊讶的”。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.”（在过去的几个月里，苹果、谷歌和三星都推出了他们最新的智能手机和其他产品。但在这个过程中，这也可能加剧一个日益严重的问题:电子垃圾）；根据第三段“How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers.”（如何解决电子垃圾的问题不仅仅是清理你的垃圾箱的空间。）；根据最后一段“Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible”（与此同时，环保人士表示，解决日益严重的电子垃圾问题最重要的一步就是尽量长时间地使用电子产品）可知，短文介绍了电子垃圾污染严重的问题以及处理电子垃圾的方法。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何处理你的电子垃圾”。故选D项。
25．D 26．D 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凯瑟琳·弗莱格尔对肥胖问题的研究。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ But these seemingly shocking numbers were then overturned(推翻) The number killer was Katherine Flegal.(但这些看似令人震惊的数字后来被推翻了，推翻这一数字的是凯瑟琳·弗莱戈。)”可知，在第一段中，作者列出数字是为了介绍凯瑟琳·弗莱戈的研究背景。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“More interesting still, people considered “overweight” could live longer than those who had “normal” weight. The study was met with a firestorm of doubt.(更有趣的是，被认为“超重”的人比体重“正常”的人活得更长。这项研究遭到了猛烈的质疑。)”可知，关于弗莱戈的研究调查结果超出了人们的预期。故选D项。
27．词句猜测题。根据上文“the annual(每年的) deaths related to obesity added up to just more than 100, 000.(每年与肥胖相关的死亡人数加起来刚刚超过10万人。)”和“You can report the same findings about obesity 100 times, and it can be called ‘unexpected’ every single time,” (关于肥胖，你可以报道100次同样的发现，但每一次都可以被称为“意外”)”可推知，第3段this指的是肥胖导致的大量死亡这一情况。故选C项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We can’t be stuck in what we thought was true,” Caan says, “because then we’re never going to move the field forward.”(我们不能拘泥于我们认为正确的东西，”Caan说，“因为那样我们就永远无法推动这个领域向前发展。”)”可推知，打破限制性信念是必要的。故选B项。
29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述珊瑚礁作为水下墙壁可以帮助减少飓风对沿海社区的影响。然而，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。为了保护我们的社区，保持海洋生态系统的活力，作者呼吁大家需要立即保护珊瑚礁。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. (然而，珊瑚礁特别容易受到气候变化的影响。过度捕捞和污染也被证明对它们非常危险。自1950年以来，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经消失。)”可知，目前珊瑚礁面临灭绝的危险。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding.(2015年澳大利亚遭遇3级飓风时，珊瑚礁有效地保护了东部海岸线免受洪水侵袭。)”可知，2015年澳大利亚遭到飓风的严重破坏。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.(迈阿密大学的研究人员正在试验种植新的珊瑚礁，而其他人则在积极寻找降低海水酸度的有效方法。政府也对这些行动给予了更多的关注，并为珊瑚礁的恢复提供了足够的资金。通过这些努力，我们可以应对气候对珊瑚礁的威胁，珊瑚礁也可以继续保护我们的社区。)”可知，在各方努力下，未来珊瑚礁可以应对潜在威胁，有更多的珊瑚礁可以出现。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.(为了保护我们的社区，保持海洋生态系统的活力，我们需要立即保护珊瑚礁。)”可知，本文作者写这篇文章强调了珊瑚礁对人类生活环境的重要性，呼吁人们保护珊瑚礁也是保护我们自己的家园。故选D项。
33．A 34．D 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是处理海洋垃圾的机器人的相关情况。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段的“It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing huge damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage, and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: the trash-eating robot.(我们的海洋充满了垃圾，这已成为常识。破碎的物体，用过的塑料瓶等等填满了我们的海滩，覆盖了海底，对海洋生物造成了巨大的损害。许多个人和组织都在努力清除这些垃圾，最近的技术发展为他们提供了一种新的工具:吃垃圾机器人。)”可知，第一段的目的是介绍背景。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled(这个水母机器人是远程控制的)”和第三段的“Once a sensor indicates that the rubbish bins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the rubbish bins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.(一旦传感器显示垃圾桶已满，拦截器就会自动向岸上操作人员发送信息。这些操作人员收集并清空垃圾桶，将垃圾送到当地的垃圾管理设施。)”可知，水母机器人和拦截器的共同点在于它们都是远程控制的，故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“because its purpose is to prevent trash from getting to the ocean(因为它的目的是防止垃圾进入海洋)”可知，划线词所在的句子的意思是“拦截器的名字来源于动词拦截，因为它的目的是防止垃圾进入海洋”，因此intercept的意思是“防止，阻止”，和stop意思相近，故选A。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling through beach cleanup by hand.(机器人能够清理大量垃圾，而不需要人工费力地清理海滩。)”可知，处理垃圾的机器人的优点是它们节省了很多人力。故选B。
37．D 38．D 39．B 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了寒冷对身体有很好的影响并介绍了相关研究。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And while we’ve got a personal preference for cold, there are also many scientific reasons that cold is better than hot. And it’s not just about whether you prefer the winter or summer Olympics—it’s about what effects cold temps have on your body.(虽然我们个人偏爱冷，但也有许多科学原因表明冷比热更好。这不仅关系到你是喜欢冬季奥运会还是夏季奥运会，还关系到寒冷的气温对你的身体有什么影响)”可知，冷比热好的科学原理是寒冷对身体有很好的影响。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In addition, Dr. Winter recounts that studies have also found that cooler body temperatures lead to more deep sleep.(此外，温特博士指出，研究还发现，较低的体温会导致更多的深度睡眠)”可知，冷却身体温度有助于深度睡眠。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Professor Patrick Baylis recently completed a heat study where he found that a high of 90degrees Fahrenheit makes an average person’s happiness drop in the same way it does between a Sunday and Monday.(帕特里克•贝利斯教授最近完成了一项热量研究，他发现，90华氏度的高温会使普通人的幸福感下降，这与周日至周一的情况相同)”和第四段“Sleep is extremely important for our physical and mental health, and the most suitable temperature is part of getting a good night’s sleep.(睡眠对我们的身心健康极其重要，最合适的温度是获得良好睡眠的一部分)”以及第五段中“Some studies have also found that physical performance drops in hotter temperatures. For example in one study, marathon runners slowed as temperatures increased.(一些研究还发现，在更高的温度下，身体性能会下降。例如，在一项研究中，马拉松运动员的速度随着温度的升高而减慢)”可知，低温对你的身体有三种影响。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many of us have a very definite preference between cold and hot, but some research has found that cold has more benefits.(我们中的许多人对冷和热有着非常明确的偏好，但一些研究发现，冷有更多的好处)”结合文章主要说明了寒冷对身体有很好的影响并介绍了相关研究。可知，文章的主旨是寒冷气温的好处。故选D。
相关试卷
专题06 阅读理解之记叙文10篇——2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020）： 这是一份专题06 阅读理解之记叙文10篇——2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020），共20页。
专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇——2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020）： 这是一份专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇——2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（牛津译林版2020），共21页。
专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（人教版2019）： 这是一份专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（人教版2019），共20页。
