2023年福建省龙岩重点中学高考英语三模英语试卷及答案解析

这是一份2023年福建省龙岩重点中学高考英语三模英语试卷及答案解析，共26页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年福建省龙岩重点中学高考英语三模英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Intro
Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful，immersive online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.
Suitable Age
Kids aged 10 to 16
Camp Content
Interactive Chinese lessons，cultural activities and virtual trips
Schedule
Monday to Friday
The class time is scheduled according to different time zones.
Camp Levels
Online Chinese Camp is divided into 2 levels — Non-Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.

Non-Native Chinese Campfor Kids from non-native Chinese families
Chinese Campfor Kids from native Chinese families
REQUIREMENTS
• No Chinese language experience needed
• No Chinese language exposure in everyday life
• Chinese language experience in a native Chinese-speaking family
CONTENT
√ Fun and interactive online lessons and activities to raise the interest in learning Chinese
√ Introduction to Chinese characters with stories and pictures
√ Develop practical communicating skills
√ Basic conversations in Chinese
√ Project-based cultural activities to increase understanding of Chinese culture
√ Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills — Listening，Speaking，Reading & Writing
√ Intermediate conversations in Chinese through various cultural and language activities
√ More advanced lessons to increase Chinese vocabulary
√ Project-based cultural activities to deepen the understanding of Chinese culture
Ready to Sign Up？Contact us （ www.Chinesesummercamp.com） and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp.Don't forget to ask us about early bird price!
1. What is the text？ ______
A. A course review. B. A commercial ad.
C. An academic article. D. An activity schedule.
2. What can kids do in Chinese Camp？ ______
A. Improve integrated Chinese sills.
B. Make up basic Chinese dialogues.
C. Learn characters through fun stories.
D. Prepare for advanced vocabulary tests.
3. What can we learn about the program？ ______
A. It involves skills for camping trips.
B. It offers a discount if you book earlier.
C. It has a fixed timetable regardless of time zones.
D. It includes off-line interactive activities in China.
B
One school night this month I quietly approached Alexander，my 15-year-old son，and patted him on the cheek in a manner I hoped would seem casual.Alex knew better，sensing by my touch，which remained just a moment too long，that I was sneaking （偷偷地做） a touch of the beard that had begun to grow near his ears.Suddenly he went stormily to his computer screen.That，and an angry look of his eyes，told me more forcefully than words：Mom，you are seen through!
I realized I committed a silly behavior：not showing respect for my teenager's personal space. "The average teenager has strong feelings about his privacy，" said two young women experts.Ms.Frankel and Ms.Fox，both 17，are the authors of Breaking the Code，a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents.It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents，a kind of Kids Are From Mars，Parents Are From Venus that de-mystifies the language and actions of teenagers.
Personally，I welcomed insights into teenagers from any qualified experts，and that included the authors.The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers，they instructed me，result from the conflict between parents maintaining their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers striving to guard their privacy.When a child is younger，they write，every decision centers around the parents.But now，as Ms.Fox told me， "often your teenager is in this circle that doesn't include you."
Ms.Fox and Ms.Frankel acknowledge that teenagers can be quick to interpret their parents' remarks as negative or authoritative and respond with aggressiveness that masks their defenselessness. "What we want above all is your approval，" they write. "Don't forget，no matter how much we act as if we don't care what you say，we believe the things you say about us."
4. In the second paragraph，Kids Are From Mars，Parents Are From Venus is mentioned because ______ .
A. it disapproves of opinions in Breaking the Code
B. it shares the same theme with Breaking the Code
C. it employs the same language style as Breaking the Code
D. it ranks right after Breaking the Code among self-help guides
5. With their book，Ms.Frankel and Ms.Fox ______ .
A. declare teenagers' rights
B. remind parents of teenagers' missteps
C. help parents know teenagers better
D. arouse much disagreement from the public
6. What often leads to conflicts between parents and teenagers based on the passage？ ______
A. Teenagers' defense of their privacy.
B. Parents' striving to instruct teenagers.
C. Teenagers' refusal to follow experts' advice.
D. Parents' dislike in teenagers' attitudes to life.
7. What can be learned from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Teenagers always rush to judgement on others.
B. Parents often seek to create an authoritative image.
C. Parents' opinions about teenagers matter much to them.
D. Teenagers feature good comprehension and defenselessness.
C
Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild：a herd of cows floating on the sea.The Dutch husband-and-wife team's experiment on sustainable agriculture，called Floating Farm，can be found in the port of Rotterdam.The modernist structure houses 40 cows，who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day.In addition to helping nourish （滋养） the local community，the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.
Floods，extreme heating，droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the food system off balance.The race to outsmart the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago.A team of scientists in Mexico is developing wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates，while Jack's Solar Garden in Longmont，Colorado，is a testbed for the emerging method of solar farming.
Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world.Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city，which is 90% below sea level.The Wingerdens' Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt.Should a weather crisis arise，a waterborne farm isn't necessarily stuck in place.A former property developer with a background in engineering，Peter found his inspiration for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City，where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions.
The Wingerdens' model is ripe for reproduction—which is exactly what the Floating Farm's team of 14 are working on now.Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm.Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai，Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new projects will apply lessons learned from Floating Farm. "You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house，" Peter says.The biggest obstacles he sees ahead，however，are not financial or physical，but rather political and administrative. "One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations.Cities need to have disruptive thinking，cities need to have disruptive departments，and cities need to have areas where you can say：OK，this is the experimental zone." Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. "We are not innovative，" he says. "We are disruptive."
8. Which of the following is TRUE about the Floating Farm？ ______
A. It is the first modern farming attempt to fight climate change.
B. It is a model of new agriculture in the age of climate crisis.
C. It has outsmarted other forms of farming like solar farming.
D. It copies a similar structure in Dubai ready for reproduction.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that ______ .
A. 90% of the population in Rotterdam live below the sea level
B. The New York City is working hard to fight climate change
C. The local community will not be fed without new farming
D. Waterborne facilities are necessary to the future of Rotterdam
10. The phrase "disruptive thinking" in the last paragraph means "thinking ______ ".
A. in a daring and unusual way B. in a focused and logical way
C. in a careful and detailed way D. in a rude and unpleasant way
11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ ______
A. Is Rotterdam Built on Water？
B. Can Floating Farming Survive？
C. Are Cows at Sea the Future of Farming？
D. Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture？
D
Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）have turned spider webs into music - creating an strange soundtrack that could help them better understand how the spiders output their complex creations and even how they communicate.
The MIT team worked with Berlin-based artist Tomas Saraceno to take 2 D（two-dimensional）laser（激光）scans of a spider web,which were linked together and made into a mathematical model that could recreate the web in 3 D in VR（virtual reality）.They also worked with MIT's music department to create the virtual instrument.
"Even though the web looks really random（随机），there actually are a lot of inside structures and you can visualize（可视化）them and you can look at them,but it's really hard to grasp for the human imagination or human brain to understand all these structural details," said MIT engineering professor Markus Buehler,who presented the work on Monday at a virtual meeting of the American Chemical Society.
Listening to the music while moving through the VR spider web lets you see and hear these structural changes and gives a better idea of how spiders see the world,he told CNN. "Spiders use vibrations（振动）as a way to locate themselves,to communicate with other spiders and so the idea of thinking really like a spider would experience the world was something that was very important to us as spider material scientists," Buehler said.
Spiders are able to build their webs without shelves or supports,so having a better idea of how they work could lead to the development of advanced new 3 D printing techniques. "The reason why I did that is I wanted to be able to get information really from the spider world,which is very weird and mysterious," Buehler explained.In addition to the scientific value,Buehler said the webs are musically interesting and that you can hear the sounds the spider creates during construction. "It's unusual and eerie and scary,but finally beautiful." he described.
12. What have MIT scientists done according to the passage？ ______
A. They have translated spider webs into sounds.
B. They have made a mathematical model to produce webs.
C. They have created a soundtrack to catch spiders.
D. They have known how spiders communicate.
13. What can we know about spider webs from paragraph 3？ ______
A. Their structures are beautiful and clear.
B. Professor Markus Buehler knows them well.
C. The American Chemical Society presents the result.
D. They are complex for people to figure it out.
14. In which field will the study be helpful？ ______
A. virtual reality B. printing
C. painting D. film-making
15. What is the main idea of the passage？ ______
A. It tells us that the music created by spiders is scary.
B. It shows how the researchers carry out the experiment.
C. It presents a new and creative way to study spiders.
D. It explains why scientists did the experiment.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Scientists and researchers have long sought to understand why people cry when experiencing joy or happiness.Crying can be confusing to witness on a joyous occasion，but it happens often. （1） ______ .
You have repressed feelings.
（ 2） ______ .This meant that people who cried when experiencing something joyous had underlying feelings of sadness they hadn't addressed.Many researchers have countered the theory over the years，but it appears to be one of the earliest attempts to understand why we cry when we are happy.
（ 3） ______ .
Tears contain enzymes（酶），lipids（脂质），electrolytes（电解质），and metabolites（代谢物）.But emotional tears might also include other proteins and hormones.It is assumed that release of stress hormones like prolactin（催乳激素） and leu-enkephalin（内啡肽） may help regulate the body's physical and emotional homeostasis（自我平衡）.Stress hormones may help calm you and regulate your mood.
It fosters vulnerability（脆弱性） and social connection.
Crying in any setting could also be our way of showing vulnerability as human beings.When we cry，we signal to others to empathize（共情） with us. （4） ______ .Scientists believe that crying is a way of establishing a social connection with other people.
You feel powerless over your emotions.
（ 5） ______ .When you cry，it feels like you are forcing out some of these emotions.As such，while you might be experiencing a happy or joyous occasion，you might find the emotion too strong to control.Crying helps you release some of this emotion.

A.Crying may regulate your body.
B.Crying may release repressed stress.
C.This happens when we cry because of a happy or sad event.
D.Over the decades，researchers have devised theories to explain why.
E.An early theory suggested that this happened as a result of repressed feelings.
F.Some research suggests crying can help you manage perceived strong feelings.
G.While you might not always allow your tears free fall，you often feel them coming on.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
There are days when I feel I am a student in my classroom rather than a teacher.
One day，my students held a discussion about different tools，especially，how （1） ______ were like tools.They discovered the same tools could （2） ______ different results：they could hurt or （3） ______ .I watched and listened with （4） ______ .They got it!
A few days later，Laura had an unexpected （5） ______ in class.She refused to work but quarrel with her group.I asked her to go.She （6） ______ from the back of the room to the door，（ 7） ______ me an angry look，and then slammed （猛摔） the door.Extremely angry about her disrespectful behavior，I was （8） ______ in my tone and harsh （严厉） with my words.She said， "You're using your （9） ______ against me." I was speechless.
There are times when you are at a （10） ______ crossroads with a student and the road you choose will make all the （11） ______ .Minutes later，I realized at that moment I should apologize， "You're right，Laura.I have used my words unwisely and unkindly.Will you forgive me？" She looked me in the eye and （12） ______ said， "OK，I forgive you，Mrs.Ekre.And I'm sorry，too."
A year later，she wrote me a beautiful letter，（ 13） ______ to which was a small key，a tool，she said，for a teacher who taught her how important words can be.It serves as my （14） ______ of a lesson I taught as a teacher but one I really （15） ______ from my student.
21.  A. knives B. pens C. words D. sticks
22.  A. accumulate B. produce C. achieve D. contribute
23.  A. strike B. destroy C. restore D. heal
24.  A. security B. satisfaction C. gratitude D. humour
25.  A. breakdown B. performance C. outburst D. accident
26.  A. escaped B. suffered C. rose D. marched
27.  A. offered B. shot C. pardoned D. begged
28.  A. proper B. quick C. sharp D. gentle
29.  A. tool B. power C. influence D. character
30.  A. complex B. busy C. remarkable D. critical
31.  A. sense B. difference C. mess D. mistake
32.  A. simply B. scarcely C. easily D. regularly
33.  A. related B. used C. adapted D. attached
34.  A. reminder B. symbol C. theme D. content
35.  A. recovered B. suffered C. learned D. benefited
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Chinese culture is full of wonders.The reason why human culture can be exchanged and spread is （1） ______ the civilization itself has deep value.
On October 12，2022，（ 2） ______ Italian astronaut released photos of China from space with sentences from Lantingji Xu，a famous article （3） ______ （ write） by Wang Xizhi，a calligrapher from the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China.The post received a lot of praise for the beauty of classical Chinese literature.But this is not the first time that it （4） ______ （ be） a focus of attention outside China.
In the 19th century，missionary Angelo Zottoli included the article in his Cursus Litteraturae Sinicae and considered it an （5） ______ （ essence） piece.
The prophet（先知） Muhammad is known for a saying （6） ______ （ wide） circulated in many parts of the Middle East： "Seek knowledge even if you have to go as far as China." This expresses the desire of the Arab people （7） ______ （ seek） knowledge from China.
British writer Oscar Wilde，in an article，shared his insights about Chuang Tzu（庄子369 B.C.-286 B.C.）， " He is one of the Darwinians （8） ______ Darwin（达尔文1809-1882）：He traces man from the germ，and sees his unity with nature."
Some Turkish sinologists（汉学家） say that The Art of War contains Chinese wisdom；some Kazakhstan sinologists say they have a special （9） ______ （ fond） for Confucian wisdom；some Russian sinologists say they love translating Chinese poetry.From the moment they began to "re-examine" Chinese philosophy，everything was just a matter of （10） ______ （ reveal） the mysterious veil（面纱）.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以When I Have Different Opinion 为题，用英语写一篇100～120个词的短文。要求如下：
1、以上两种做法中选择一种；
2、以具体的实例阐述你选择的理由。 
注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则按考试作弊行为认定。
When I Have Different Opinion______．
38. The watch was my grandfather's.He hung it by his bed.The face was marked with elegant Roman numbers and the case was gold.My grandfather got it after his fifty years of faithful service with his firm.I often gazed at it longingly as I sat with my grandfather after school.
The day I told him of my success in the examinations,he was pleased, "You'll be going to the new school next,Will.Remember you'll need plenty of patience.That's the right way." I nodded when handing him the watch.He gazed at it for some moments,and wound it.
The next morning my mother told me he had died in his sleep and left me his watch.For safety,my mother was to put it away in trust until she considered me old enough to look after it.I protested so strongly that she finally agreed to hang it in the kitchen where I could always see it.
The summer soon ended and it was time for me to enter the new school.I never made friends easily,and for a time I did little more than get on speaking terms with some boys.One of them was a rich fellow whose way of impressing us was to parade his possessions before us.Everything Crawley had was better than ours-until he brought the watch.
"I have a better watch than that," I announced,attempting to impress them. "Well,show it to us," Crawley sneered in disbelief.Embarrassed,I promised to bring it to them that afternoon.
Considering there was no way to persuade my mother to let me take the watch,I decided to wait for her to step outside and slip the watch into my pocket.So I did.After lunch,as I was too excited to wait for the return bus,I got my bike out of the shed.
I rode fast,excitement coursing through me.Then suddenly a puppy ran out into my path.I pulled at my brakes so hard that the bike stopped to a sharp standstill and I fell over.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：I picked myself up and put a trembling hand into my pocket._____________________
Paragraph 2： "That's not the right way.Patience,Will.Patience," a voice echoed in my ears after the boys left._____________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、A、B
【解析】（1）文章类型题。根据第一段Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is ...specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.（我们的在线汉语夏令营项目是...专为远程学习汉语而设计）以及最后一段Contact us （www.Chinesesummercamp.com） and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp.Don't forget to ask us about early bird price!（联系我们（www.Chinesesummercamp.com），我们将很乐意回答您的问题，并帮助您选择合适的营地。别忘了问我们早鸟价格！）结合文章是一则汉语夏令营的广告，介绍了针对人群、要求和活动。可推知，文章是一则商业广告。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据最后一部分√  Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills — Listening，Speaking，Reading & Writing（√趣味互动在线课程，提高听、说、读、写4种语言技能）可知，孩子们在中文营可以提高综合汉语水平。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Don't forget to ask us about early bird price!（别忘了问我们早鸟价格！）可推知，如果你提前预订，项目会有折扣。故选B。
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则汉语夏令营的广告，介绍了针对人群、要求和活动。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】B、C、A、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents，a kind of Kids Are From Mars，Parents Are From Venus that de-mystifies the language and actions of teenagers. （这本书被出版商宣传为第一本青少年写给父母的自助指南，有点像《孩子来自火星，父母来自金星》，揭开了青少年语言和行为的神秘面纱。）可知，《孩子来自火星，父母来自金星》被提到是因为它和《打破密码》都是以弥合父母和青少年之间的代沟为主题。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Ms.Frankel and Ms.Fox，both 17，are the authors of Breaking the Code，a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents. （弗兰克尔和福克斯都是17岁，是《打破密码》的作者，这本新书旨在弥合父母和青少年之间的代沟。）可知，弗兰克尔和福克斯用她们的书让父母们更好的了解他们的孩子们。A.declare teenagers' rights宣布青少年的权利；B.remind parents of teenagers' missteps提醒父母青少年的过失；C.help parents know teenagers better帮助父母更好地了解青少年；D.arouse much disagreement from the public引起公众的许多异议。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers，they instructed me，result from the conflict between parents maintaining their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers striving to guard their privacy. （他们告诉我，在与青少年互动时，最常见的错误，源于父母维护自己知道家里发生了什么的权利，而青少年则努力保护自己的隐私的冲突。）可知，导致孩子和父母之间的冲突的是孩子想要保护自己的隐私。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"What we want above all is your approval，" they write. "Don't forget，no matter how much we act as if we don't care what you say，we believe the things you say about us."（他们写道："我们最想要的是你的批准。别忘了，无论我们表现得多么不在乎你说什么，我们都相信你对我们说的话。"）可知，父母的观点和态度对孩子的很重要。A.Teenagers always rush to judgement on others.青少年总是急于对他人做出判断；B.Parents often seek to create an authoritative image.父母经常寻求建立一个权威的形象；C.Parents' opinions about teenagers matter much to them.父母对青少年的看法对他们很重要；D.Teenagers feature good comprehension and defenselessness.青少年的特点是理解力强，无防备。故选C。
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述要想弥合父母和青少年之间的代沟，父母要多了解孩子。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据首段中的In addition to helping nourish （滋养） the local community，the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食。）可知，该项目引发了全球气候危机情况下，如何以及在哪里生产食物的讨论，由此可知，该水上农场是气候危机时代新型农业的典范。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中的Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city，which is 90% below sea level.The Wingerdens' Floating Farm was a new but necessary attempt.Should a weather crisis arise，a waterborne farm isn't necessarily stuck in place.（从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。）可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。
（3）词义猜测题。根据尾段中的cities need to have areas where you can say：OK，this is the experimental zone." Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. "We are not innovative，" he says.（城市需要有这样的区域，你可以说：好吧，这是试验区。"因为彼得和他的团队所采取的措施与典型的可持续发展措施的顺序不同。"我们缺乏创新，"他说。）可知，在一块试验区，彼得和他的团队正在实施的与典型的可持续措施不同，他们所创建的已经超出了创新，由此可猜测，这是用一种大胆而又不寻常的方式的思考。故选A项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据首段中的The modernist structure houses 40 cows，who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day.In addition to helping nourish （滋养） the local community，the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the climate crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how—and where—they produce food.（这座现代主义建筑容纳了40头奶牛，它们每天总共生产大约200加仑的牛奶。除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食）以及全文对浮动农场的讨论可知，浮动农场除了滋养着当地的社区，还引发了全球对气候危机农业何去何从的讨论，所以"海上奶牛是农业的未来吗"以问题的形式表明本文对水上农场的讨论，且概括了文章的主题。A．Is Rotterdam Built on Water？鹿特丹是建在水上的吗？；B．Can Floating Farming Survive？漂浮养殖能生存吗？；C．Are Cows at Sea the Future of Farming？海上奶牛是农业的未来吗？；D．Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture？极端天气对农业有影响吗？故选C项。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是荷兰夫妇创建浮动农场的由来及其发展的必要性，并在其影响下开发新的可持续发展的农业项目。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段"Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）have turned spider webs into music-creating an strange soundtrack that could help them better understand how the spiders output their complex creations and even how they communicate. （美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐--创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。）"可知，麻省理工学院的科学家把蜘蛛网转换成音乐。故选A项。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第三段中Markus Buehler 所说"Even though the web looks really random （随机），there actually are a lot of inside structures and you can visualize （可视化） them and you can look at them,but it's really hard to grasp for the human imagination or human brain to understand all these structural details. （尽管蜘蛛网看起来很随机，实际上有很多内部结构，你可以想象他们，你可以观察他们，但人类的想象力或人脑很难理解所有这些结构细节。）"可知，蜘蛛网的结构复杂，人类难以理解其构造。故选D项。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Spiders are able to build their webs without shelves or supports,so having a better idea of how they work could lead to the development of advanced new 3 D printing techniques. （蜘蛛可以在没有架子或支撑的情况下织网，所以更好地了解它们是如何工作的，可能会导致先进的新型3 D打印技术的发展。）"可知，研究蜘蛛如何结网有利于提升打印技术。A.virtual reality虚拟现实；B.printing印刷；C.painting绘画；D.film-making电影制作。故选B项。
（4）C.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段"Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）have turned spider webs into music-creating an strange soundtrack that could help them better understand how the spiders output their complex creations and even how they communicate. （美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐--创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。）"等内容可知，本文提出了一种新的创造性的方法来研究蜘蛛。故选C项。
这是一篇说明文。介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家最近的研究成果，将蜘蛛网转换成音乐，可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16~20.【答案】D、E、A、C、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。上文Scientists and researchers have long sought to understand why people cry when experiencing joy or happiness（科学家和研究人员长期以来一直在寻找人们在体验快乐或幸福时为什么会哭的原因。）指出科学家和研究人员长期以来一直在寻找人们在体验快乐或幸福时为什么会哭的原因，下文段落中You have repressed feelings.（你压抑了自己的感情。）It fosters vulnerability（脆弱性） and social connection.（它培养了脆弱性和社会联系。）和You feel powerless over your emotions.（你对自己的情绪感到无能为力。）提出了有关人们在体验快乐或幸福时为什么会哭的几个原因，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出有一些原因可以解释人们在体验快乐或幸福时为什么会哭，D．Over the decades，researchers have devised theories to explain why.（几十年来，研究人员想出了一些理论来解释其中的原因。）符合语境，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据本段标题You have repressed feelings.（你压抑了自己的感情。）可知，本段主要介绍人们在体验快乐或幸福时为什么会哭，这是因为人们压抑了自己的感情，E．An early theory suggested that this happened as a result of repressed feelings.（一个早期的理论认为这是压抑情绪的结果。）符合语境，其中"repressed feelings"呼应本段标题，且下文This meant that people who cried when experiencing something joyous had underlying feelings of sadness they hadn't addressed. （这意味着那些在经历快乐的事情时哭泣的人有着他们没有表达出来的潜在的悲伤情绪。）对选项作出了具体解释，故选E。
（3）段落标题题。此处是本段小标题。根据下文Tears contain enzymes（酶），lipids（脂质），electrolytes（电解质），and metabolites（代谢物）.But emotional tears might also include other proteins and hormones.It is assumed that release of stress hormones like prolactin（催乳激素） and leu-enkephalin（内啡肽） may help regulate the body's physical and emotional homeostasis（自我平衡）.Stress hormones may help calm you and regulate your mood.（眼泪含有酶、脂类、电解质和代谢物。但是情感的眼泪也可能包括其他的蛋白质和激素。人们认为，释放催乳素和亮脑啡肽等应激激素可能有助于调节身体的身体和情绪稳态。压力荷尔蒙可以帮助你平静下来，调节你的情绪。）可知，本段主要解释了哭泣可以调节你的身体。A．Crying may regulate your body.（哭泣可以调节你的身体。）能概括本段内容，故选A。
（4）联系上文题。上文Crying in any setting could also be our way of showing vulnerability as human beings.When we cry，we signal to others to empathize（共情） with us.（在任何场合哭泣也可能是我们作为人类表现脆弱的方式。当我们哭泣时，我们向别人发出信号，让他们与我们共情。）指出人们在任何场合哭泣是在向别人发出信号，让他们与我们共情，空处承接上文，具体指出我们会哭泣的场合，C．This happens when we cry because of a happy or sad event.（当我们因为一件高兴或悲伤的事情而哭泣时，就会发生这种情况。）符合语境，故选C。
（5）段落主题题。下文When you cry，it feels like you are forcing out some of these emotions.As such，while you might be experiencing a happy or joyous occasion，you might find the emotion too strong to control.Crying helps you release some of this emotion.（当你哭泣的时候，感觉就像是你在释放这些情绪。因此，当你可能正在经历一个快乐或喜悦的场合，你可能会发现情绪太强烈，以至于无法控制。哭泣可以帮助你释放这种情绪。）可知，哭泣可以帮助我们释放情绪，即应对我们的情绪，F．Some research suggests crying can help you manage perceived strong feelings.（一些研究表明，哭泣可以帮助你应对感知到的强烈的感情。）符合语境，下文对此进行具体说明，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员得出的一些理论来解释人们在体验快乐或幸福时为什么会哭。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】C、B、D、B、C、D、B、C、A、D、B、A、D、A、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.knives刀子；B.pens钢笔；C.words单词；D.sticks棍子。句意：有一天，我的学生们进行了一个关于不同工具的讨论，特别是语言是如何像工具的。由最后一段中"a small key，a tool，she said，for a teacher who taught her how important words can be."可知，学生在课堂讨论语工具像语言一样，可以伤害别人也可以治愈别人，故选C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.accumulate积累；B.produce产生；C.achieve实现；D.contribute捐赠。句意：他们发现同样的工具可以产生不同的效果：它们可以伤害或治愈。由下文"different results：they could hurt "可知，同样的工具可以产生不同的效果，故选B。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.strike击打；B.destroy毁坏；C.restore恢复；D.heal治愈。句意：他们发现同样的工具可以产生不同的效果：它们可以伤害或治愈。由上文"different results：they could hurt or"可知，同样的工具可以产生不同的效果，它们可以伤害别人或是治愈别人，故选D。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.security安全；B.satisfaction满意；C.gratitude感恩；D.humour幽默。句意：我满意地看着，听着。由下文"They got it!"可知，作者认为学生们对工具有了很好的理解，所以对此很满意，with satisfaction固定搭配，意为"满意地"，故选B。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.breakdown故障；B.performance表演；C.outburst爆发；D.accident事故。句意：几天后，劳拉在课堂上突然爆发了。由下文"She refused to work but quarrel with her group."可知，劳拉和小组成员吵架了，所以说她在课堂上爆发了，故选C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.escaped逃脱；B.suffered遭遇；C.rose升起；D.marched（向某地）前进。句意：她从房间后面走到门口，愤怒地看了我一眼，然后砰地一声关上了门。由下文"from the back of the room to the door， "可知，她从房间后面走到门口。故选D。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.offered提供；B.shot将（目光、问题等）投向；C.pardoned赦免；D.begged乞求。句意：她从房间后面走到门口，愤怒地看了我一眼，然后砰地一声关上了门。由下文"me an angry look"可知，她愤怒地看着作者，故选B。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.proper合适的；B.quick快速的；C.sharp尖锐的；D.gentle温柔的。句意：我对她的无礼行为感到非常生气，我语气尖锐，言辞严厉。由上文"Extremely angry about her disrespectful behavior"和下文"in my tone and harsh（严厉） with my words"可知，作者很生气，所以语气尖锐，故选C。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.tool工具；B.power能量；C.influence影响；D.character人格。句意：她说，"你在用你的工具对付我"。根据上文"You're using your"和第二段中提到的语言像工具一样既能伤害到别人，也能治愈别人，以及上文提到的作者对劳拉的行为很生气，言辞严厉可知，劳拉认为作者正在用工具对付她，即用语言在伤害她，故选A。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.complex复杂的；B.busy忙碌的；C.remarkable引人注目的；D.critical关键的。句意：有时候，当你和一个学生处在一个关键的抉择关头时，你所选择的道路将完全不同。由下文"crossroads with a student and the road you choose"可知，此处指处在一个关键的抉择关头，故选D。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.sense感觉；B.difference不同；C.mess一团糟；D.mistake错误。句意：有时候，当你和一个学生处在一个关键的抉择关头时，你所选择的道路将完全不同。根据上文"the road you choose will make all the"可知，当处在一个关键的抉择关头时，你所选择的道路将完全不同，make all the difference固定搭配，意为"完全不同"，故选B。
（12）考查副词及语境理解。A.simply简单地；B.scarcely稀有地；C.easily容易地；D.regularly有规律地。句意：她看着我的眼睛，简单地说了："好吧，我原谅你，埃克雷夫人。我也很抱歉。"由上文"Will you forgive me？"和下文"OK，I forgive you，Mrs.Ekre.And I'm sorry，too."可知，劳拉简单地说了几句话，故选A。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.related与……有关；B.used使用；C.adapted适应；D.attached附上。句意：一年后，她给我写了一封漂亮的信，信上附着一把小钥匙，她说，这个工具是给教会了她语言的重要性的这位老师。由上文"she wrote me a beautiful letter"和下文"to which was a small key，a tool"可知，劳拉给作者写了一封信，信上附着一把小钥匙，attach ...to固定搭配，意为"把……附上……"，故选D。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.reminder提醒物；B.symbol象征；C.theme主题；D.content内容。句意：它提醒我重要的一课，我作为老师教学，但也真正从学生身上学到的东西。由上文"It serves as my "和下文"of a lesson I taught as a teacher but one I really（15）from my student."可知。劳拉送给作者的这个钥匙提醒作者在那堂课上学到的东西，故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.recovered恢复；B.suffered遭受；C.learned学习；D.benefited使受益。句意：它提醒我重要的一课，我作为老师教学，但也真正从学生身上学到的东西。由下文"from my student."和第一段"There are days when I feel I am a student in my classroom rather than a teacher."可知，作者从学生身上学到了一些道理，故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生在作者课堂上爆发后，作者很生气，言辞严厉，学生认为老师在用语言伤害她，随后作者向学生道歉。作者从学生身上学到了语言像工具一样，既能伤害别人，也能治愈别人。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。

36.【答案】【小题1】that
【小题2】an
【小题3】written
【小题4】has been
【小题5】essential
【小题6】widely
【小题7】to seek
【小题8】before
【小题9】fondness
【小题10】revealing
【解析】（1）考查表语从句。句意：人类文化之所以能够交流和传播，是因为文明本身具有深厚的价值。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少任何成分，且句意完整，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，故填that。
（2）考查冠词。句意：2022年10月12日，一位意大利宇航员发布了中国从太空拍摄的照片，并配有中国东晋书法家王羲之的著名作品《兰亭集序》中的句子。此处意为"一位意大利宇航员"，表示泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，且Italian发音是以元音音素开头，应用an，故填an。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：2022年10月12日，一位意大利宇航员发布了中国从太空拍摄的照片，并配有中国东晋书法家王羲之的著名作品《兰亭集序》中的句子。句中有谓语released，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词article，且动词write和名词article是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填written。
（4）考查固定句型。句意：但这并非第一次成为中国以外的关注焦点。this is the first time that+从句，固定句型，意为"第一次做……"，主句用is，从句应用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词应用has，故填has been。
（5）考查形容词。句意：19世纪，传教士Angelo Zottoli将这篇文章收入他的《中国文库》 ，并认为它是一篇不可或缺的文章。此处应用形容词essential作定语，修饰名词piece，故填essential。
（6）考查副词。句意：先知穆罕默德因说了一句在中东许多地区广为流传的谚语而闻名："学问虽远在中国，亦当求之"。此处应用副词widely作状语，修饰动词circulated，故填widely。
（7）考查不定式。句意：这表达了阿拉伯人民向中国学习的愿望。the desire to do sth.固定搭配，意为"做某事的愿望"，故填to seek。
（8）考查连词。句意：英国作家奥斯卡•王尔德在一篇文章中分享了他对庄子（公元前369-286年）的见解，"他是达尔文（1809-1882年）之前的达尔文主义者之一：他从细菌中追踪人类，看到他与自然的统一。"此处表示"在……之前"应用连词before，故填before。
（9）考查名词。句意：一些土耳其汉学家说《孙子兵法》包含中国智慧；一些哈萨克斯坦汉学家说他们特别喜欢儒家智慧；一些俄罗斯汉学家说他们喜欢翻译中国诗歌。此处应用名词fondness作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填fondness。
（10）考查现在分词。句意：从他们开始"重新审视"中国哲学的那一刻起，一切都只是揭开神秘面纱的问题。此处应用动名词作介词of的宾语，故填revealing。
这是一篇说明文。中国文化充满了奇迹。文章列举了中国文化受到外国喜欢的例子。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】We may have different opinions in organizing class activities．We may have various ways to deal with such a situation．When I have a better idea，I would choose to stick to it．By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly。
Once we were discussing where to go for an outing。Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place。I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea。We did have a good time that day．Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all．
【解析】When I Have Different Opinion
     We may have different opinions in organizing class activities．We may have various ways to deal with such a situation．When I have a better idea，I would choose to stick to it．（坚持自己的观点并说服别人）By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly。
     Once we were discussing where to go for an outing（列举具体的实例）．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place（高分句型）．I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea。We did have a good time that day．Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all。
本文是一篇开放类话题作文，根据写作要求，文章可以分成两段去书写，考生需要从两种观点中选择一个来具体阐述，内容可以是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，也可以是尊重大多数同学的意见。时态用一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第一人称。重点短语：deal with（处理，与某人打交道），stick to（坚持），express oneself（表达自己），persuade sb。into doing sth．（说服某人做某事），be worth doing（值得做某事）。
做开放类话题书面表达时，审题一定要清，必须亮明一个观点去写，切不可两个观点糅杂着写，这样就跑题了。写作时题目要求的写作要点都要包含进去，切不可漏写，还要注意作文段落的排版，不可写成豆腐块。在写作前，不妨在稿纸上列出一些写作中用到的重点短语及句型。写好后要从单词拼写，单复数，时态等角度去逐一审查，整个写作过程中一定要注意书写的认真及规范。考生在平时需要注意积累短语和重要句型，可以根据话题来对短语进行归类，比如环保类题材，书信类题材，给人提供建议的议论文文体等等，这样在考试的时候才能有备无患，信手拈来，在规定时间内写出较好的文章。

38.【答案】I picked myself up and put a trembling hand into my pocket.Then I brought out what was left of my grandfather's proudest possession.There was deep bulge in the watch,the glass shattered,and the Roman numbers looking crazily at one another.Putting it back,I rode slowly on to school,numb with misery.                                            【高分句型一】After what seemed forever,I finally turned up before the waiting boys. "My mother wouldn't let me bring it," I lied. "His mother wouldn't let him," Crawley jeered. "What a story!" The others took up his cries and left without a backward glance                                  （作者的表被摔碎了，却骗同学们妈妈不允许他将表带到学校.）
"That's not the right way.Patience,Will.Patience," a voice echoed in my ears after the boys left.Though anger,embarrassment and sadness hung heavily in the air,the voice drew me to the awareness of the mistakes I had made when I attempted to impress the boys.I shouldn't have tried to integrate in such a hasty way,nor should I have stolen the watch behind my mother.                                                           【高分句型二】It was the first time that I had truly realized the meaning of the gift --- patience.I knew for sure that every time I lost patience in the future I would remember my grandfather's words.                                （作者想起爷爷说的"耐心"，悟出了爷爷说的话的意思）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者的爷爷在去世之前送给了他一块手表。在他去了一所新学校之后，由于同学Crawley炫耀财富，他也想要将自己珍贵的手表展示给大家看。他悄悄地偷了表准备带到学校，谁知，在匆忙赶路的过程中，表摔碎了。突然他想起了爷爷对他说过的话，他意识到自己的行为错了，也明白了爷爷让他保持耐心的含义。
高分句型一：Putting it back,I rode slowly on to school,numb with misery.
译文：把它放回去，我慢慢地骑车去学校，痛苦得麻木了。
分析：这句话使用现在分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：I shouldn't have tried to integrate in such a hasty way,nor should I have stolen the watch behind my mother.
译文：我不应该这么匆忙地整合，也不应该偷了妈妈身后的手表。
分析：这句话使用nor+倒装句，表示"也不"。
解题方法点拨
 （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。