2023届黑龙江哈尔滨市第九中学高三第五次高考英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届黑龙江哈尔滨市第九中学高三第五次高考英语试题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届黑龙江哈尔滨市第九中学高三第五次高考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Slowly but surely, offices are beginning to reopen. That means, the work-from-home lifestyle may be coming to a close. Why not spice it up a bit for this last stretch of flexible living and book a killer vacation rental? Here are 4 rentals perfect for you.
San Antonio, Texas
Head deep into the heart of Texas for an enjoyable work-from-home experience at this 3-bedroom Lavaca cottage. And you’ll find a fully private backyard that is perfect for the little ones. The house on its own is excellent, but what is close to downtown San Antonia is like a cherry on top.
Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Set out for beautiful California and book this beach retreat. You’ll have both the beach and town within walking distance. Charming Carmel has world-class restaurants, art galleries and wine tasting rooms. The beloved treat shop is sure to get your kids on their best behavior!
Scottsdale, Arizona
With over 300 days of sunshine and boundless outdoor activities, Arizona is an outdoor heaven for all ages. Book this massive 5-bedroom desert house, and spend days hiking. Then cool off back at home in your private pool overlooking the mountains. If you’re working from home, you can soak in some pretty evenings and desert sunsets. When you’re not enjoying a barbecue in the backyard, walk into Scottsdale’s modern downtown district for dinner.
The Catskills, New York
Surround yourself with nature while you work-from-home at this quiet and private, 4-acre red cottage in the Catskills region. The charming 2-bedroom house has a huge industrial kitchen, private hot tub and a barbecue. When you have to go back to civilization, the lovable mountain town of Woodstock is just 10 minutes away.
1．Which of the following best suits people who are art lovers?
A．San Antonio. B．Carmel-by-the-Sea. C．Scottsdale. D．The Catskills.
2．What do we know about Scottsdale?
A．It is a good place for outdoor sports. B．It has few sunny days.
C．It has wine tasting rooms. D．It is a lovable seaside town.
3．What do the four rentals have in common?
A．They have a private backyard. B．They are close to the beach.
C．They provide a barbecue. D．They are near the town or downtown.

Bom in 1902, Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman (制图员) who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
Before Beck’s design, early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accurate scale. Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the city streets. These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London, but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.
In the 1930s, Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracy into account. He created a map that was a scaled-down linear diagram of the subway lines. More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map, it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points. Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.
It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project; he wasn’t asked to do it, but likely developed his design in his free time, while between jobs. It was more a presentation of his being inventive, in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it, than a response to public demand.
His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board, whose members refused to accept it, feeling that not showing relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable. Still, after a time, in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more money, the Board decided to print a limited number of copies. Gradually, Peck’s map became a huge success.
For most of his life, Beck continued to make small improvements to the diagram, but he kept its basic designs and ideas. His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.
4．What is the disadvantage of early subway maps?
A．They were not to scale. B．They were hard to draw.
C．They were not user friendly. D．They were seldom updated.
5．Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on?
A．Its simplicity. B．Its vivid details.
C．Its completeness. D．Its geographical accuracy.
6．What do we know about Beck’s map from paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．It was created accidentally.
B．It was an immediate success.
C．It was a reflection of his creativity.
D．It was designed to meet public need.
7．How did Beck contribute to the world?
A．He changed the construction of subways.
B．He provided a model for the design of subway maps.
C．He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D．He inspired designers to improve subway maps.

Every 40 seconds, someone in the US has a heart attack. Of course, this statistic applies only to humans. But what about other animal — do they also experience this condition?
A heart attack occurs when a blood vessel (血管) distributing oxygenated blood to the heart gets blocked and a piece of heart tissue dies from the deprivation of oxygen, according to Flavio Fenton, a professor of physics who studies both human and other animal species’ hearts. “Since animals’ hearts are very similar,” Fenton said, “most animals hearts, in principle, could have heart attacks.”
But that’s not what happened. For instance, heart attacks occur very rarely in dogs. Even the chimps, which are not only closely related to humans but also share similar risk factors for heart disease, do not have heart attacks. Even in mice and rabbits that are genetically modified to have high cholesterol (胆固醇) and blood fats for the purpose of inducing atherosclerosis and other human diseases, actual heart attacks rarely occur, according to a 2009 paper.
Despite previous reports that other animals mostly don’t have heart attacks, the truth is that there haven’t been a lot of experiments investigating this question. “You can observe that an animal has suddenly died, but very rarely would you actually look for the cause of it. We just don’t know whether they suffer heart attacks,” said Tomasz Owerkowicz, a physiologist at California State University.
But based on heart structures, researchers can make predictions about which creatures are most likely to have heart attacks. Owerkowicz and Fenton are doing such experiments on alligators (短吻鳄). “In their heart, you find the vessels; and they have spongy (海绵状的) tissues, around which there’s a lot of blood, not necessarily coming from the vessels,” Fenton said.
According to the researchers’ experiments so far, alligators don’t have heart attacks. The alligator’s heart tissue had no signs of cell death, Fenton added.
8．What does the underlined word “deprivation” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Consumption. B．Encounter. C．Lack. D．Production.
9．What do the animals mentioned in Paragraph 3 have in common?
A．They have high cholesterol.
B．They hardly suffer heart attacks.
C．They are easily genetically modified.
D．They share similar risk factors for heart disease with humans.
10．What’s Tomasz Owerkowicz’s attitude to previous reports?
A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Hopeful.
11．Why do alligators have no heart attacks?
A．Their blood vessels are quite strong.
B．The cells in their heart are in large numbers.
C．Their heart can beat faster than most animals’.
D．The blood in their heart has multiple sources.

Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San-Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to soak up oil spills on land, and booms (long tubes) used for spills at sea.
A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene (聚丙烯). But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil. Hair, by contrast, is an environmentally friendly resource that can soak up around five times its weight in oil, according to Matter of Trust, and it is abundant.
Oil spills can pollute drinking water, endanger public health, harm plants and wildlife, and damage the economy. According to Gautier, the spills that hit the headlines only make up 5% of global oil pollution.
Megan Murray, an environmental biologist at the University of Technology Sydney, develops sustainable technologies to tackle oil spills. Her research indicates that as well as being biodegradable, human hair is often just as effective as polypropylene, and in some circumstances even better. “The hair mats are very beneficial to land spills,” says Murray but adds that when raw oil is spilled on beach sand, it is very difficult to absorb it using any of the materials she has tested. Another advantage of hair is that it costs less than conventional materials and is “globally accessible as a recycled material,” she says.
However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.
As the hair mat designs aren’t under patent, other groups have begun producing their own mats and booms. Gautier is pleased to see the movement growing. “Anyone can make a hair mat,” she says. “It creates green jobs, it cleans water, it reduces waste in landfill, and it’s promoting renewable resources.”
12．What do we know about polypropylene according to the passage?
A．People need more oil to produce polypropylene.
B．Polypropylene can soak up five times its weight in oil.
C．It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
D．People seldom use mats made from it to clean up oil from land.
13．What does Megan Murray think of the hair mats?
A．Hair mats do no harm to soil after being burnt.
B．Hair mats are not a perfect solution because they can’t be recycled now.
C．People spend more to make hair mats than conventional materials.
D．The effect of hair mats on terrestrial (陆地上的) spills is not very good.
14．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Most oil-spill events have received widespread media coverage.
B．Lisa Gautier donated her hair to soak up oil spills on land and at sea.
C．Megan Murray goes all out to make the hair mats and the oil extracted from them reused.
D．There are many other materials used to treat oil spills on beach sand besides hair.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．How to Tackle Oil Spills
B．A Perfect Recycled Material—Human Hair
C．Take Action to Make Hair Mats And Booms
D．Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills


二、七选五
Life is full of special moments that deserve to be preserved in photos. If you’re going to the beach, a waterproof camera will help you do that. A waterproof camera is an ideal tool for capturing diving memories and moments of deep sea-fishing trips. Besides, it works equally well for water park visits. 16
As with any camera, you can choose a waterproof camera with a viewing screen that allows you to see the photos you are lining up or have just taken. 17 For clear viewing in any situation, a waterproof camera with a high-resolution LCD viewing screen is better.
18 In most cases, you’ll want the smallest and lightest camera you can find. Look for a waterproof camera that weighs 140g or less. In terms of size, choose a waterproof camera that’s no more than two-and-a-half inches in length, two inches in width, and one-and-a-half inches in height so it’s easy to carry around.
It is a good idea to read reviews of the camera carefully and thoroughly before buying a water-resistant camera. Reviews can give people an idea of the kind of settings where the camera can be used and how well the camera performs. 19 If the complaints are about the company’s negative response to quality problems, they can be useful information as well.
If you’re using a waterproof camera underwater, try to get as close to your subject as possible. You’d better take it with you all the time. 20 It could raise the camera’s operating temperature and cause damage.
A．The size and weight of your waterproof camera matter.
B．Some waterproof cameras have a voice control feature.
C．Here is some advice on how to choose and use such cameras.
D．It is because water will absorb warm colors like orange and red.
E．You also need to take special note of any statement of dissatisfaction.
F．Meanwhile, do not leave a waterproof camera in direct sunlight for long.
G．The screen should be clear enough to see underwater or in direct sunlight.


三、完形填空
I will never forget such an uncomfortable conversation in my career life, but thankfully it turned into the most 21 one I’ve ever had.
That was in my first year of work as a doctor. A woman in her early twenties was 22 after a traffic accident. She suffered multiple injuries, and was rushed to theatre. I spent some time talking to the 23 as they waited for news. The surgeons 24 to save her life. The consultant told them the news. I sat with them for some time as they 25 quietly.
When I left the room, the consultant was standing outside. “I think it would be 26 if it came from you.” he said. I stared blankly. “What?” I asked. “About organ donation.” he replied. “Why me?” I was about to ask but swallowed it. Surely this would be the 27 thing they’d want to talk about. It was 28 to be considering this kind of conversation while someone was lost in grief (悲伤). Feeling 29 , I opened the door and sat opposite them, convinced that I was only going to make things 30 for them.
“It’s what she’d have wanted,” the mother said 31 I’d even finished. The father nodded, “She was always so generous.” 32 I had imagined they might be angry with me, in fact they seemed calm.
As I left them, it occurred to me that I’d been 33 in thinking it would be an uncomfortable conversation. Nothing could take away the pain of having lost their daughter. Yet this final act had 34 them and helped them feel that the spirit of their daughter lived on in this act of 35 .
21．A．heart-broken B．strong-willed C．heart-warming D．open-minded
22．A．taken out B．brought in C．called in D．carried out
23．A．friends B．police C．helpers D．family
24．A．managed B．struggled C．failed D．declined
25．A．wept B．chatted C．greeted D．parted
26．A．nice B．lucky C．tense D．bad
27．A．first B．next C．past D．last
28．A．awkward B．ambiguous C．arbitrary D．advisable
29．A．relaxed B．offended C．stressed D．inspired
30．A．better B．worse C．lighter D．smaller
31．A．after B．before C．when D．until
32．A．Unless B．When C．While D．As
33．A．right B．wrong C．wise D．rough
34．A．stimulated B．pressured C．comforted D．depressed
35．A．honesty B．responsibility C．generosity D．productivity


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。
The Chinese writing system has been one of the main factors for the 36 (survive) of China’s ancient civilization.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language, 37 dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu. Symbols 38 (carve) on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people. These symbols had become a well- developed writing system.
Over the years, there was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically, leading to many 39 (variety) of the dialects and characters. 40 , this changed under Emperor Qinshihuang who united the seven major states into one unified country, 41 (make) the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction. It was 42 great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today no matter where Chinese people live or 43 dialect they speak, they can communicate in written Chinese.
Nowadays, Chinese writing system is still 44 important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in 45 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’ s culture and history through this amazing language.


五、其他应用文
46．假如你是李华，下周你校英语俱乐部新成员第一次参加活动，你将作为俱乐部负责人致欢迎辞，请为此写一篇英文发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.介绍俱乐部及学期活动安排；
3.表达祝福。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear friends,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I looked up from my desk to see the teacher writing on the board: “Battle of the Books!” She smiled and said, “This time it’s a teamwork. You’re going to be in teams of two, and set a reading goal. Every team that meets their goal by the end of the month will get a prize!” The lunch bell sounded before she could explain any more rules.
As I gathered my things, Liya passed my desk and said, “Teammates?” Since Liya and I shared the same interest in graphic novel(漫画小说), and we took Hindi language class together, we teamed up automatically. I was both relieved and excited to have my team. Then we got to the cafeteria and quickly threw out a bunch of ideas of what to do at our table.
I looked to our third friend Kash, with whom the three of us always do stuff together, “Kash, do you have ideas for us?” “Why would I give you guys ideas?” he said gloomily(阴沉地). “I’ll save that for my team...whoever that is. Now I see how I rank in the friendship lineup.” Kash replied in an angry tone.
I knew he was mad for a reason. If I were him, not only would I think that I ranked last in that group, but I’d also be panicking about what team I could join. But now, I was on the inside and Kash wasn’t. I felt like the only way to fix this would be three people on a team. So, as the teacher walked by our table, I asked for her permission. What surprised me was that she had intended to draw names to assign random groups, but didn’t get a chance to say it before lunch.
Awkward and frustrated, we were stuck in this dilemma. Having first teamed up without Kash didn’t mean we didn’t like him. I knew we—especially I—wouldn’t be able to enjoy any prize if our friend felt bad about being left out. So, I decided to do something to make it up for him and convince Kash he was an equal friend.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
That night, I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, I handed my pages of apology to Kash.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．B 2．A 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是四个出租房的信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Carmel-by-the-Sea, California的“Charming Carmel has world-class restaurants, art galleries and wine tasting rooms.(迷人的Carmel有世界一流的餐厅，艺术画廊和葡萄酒品尝室。)”可知，Carmel-by-the-Sea适合艺术爱好者，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Scottsdale, Arizona部分的“With over 300 days of sunshine and boundless outdoor activities, Arizona is an outdoor heaven for all ages.(超过300天的阳光和无边无际的户外活动，Arizona州是所有年龄的户外天堂。)”可知，Scottsdale是户外运动的好地方。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据San Antonio, Texas部分的“The house on its own is excellent, but what is close to downtown San Antonia is like a cherry on top.(房子本身就很好，但靠近圣安东尼亚市中心的地方就像锦上添花一样。)”，Carmel-by-the-Sea, California部分的“You’ll have both the beach and town within walking distance.(海滩和城镇都在步行范围内。)”，Scottsdale, Arizona部分的“When you’re not enjoying a barbecue in the backyard, walk into Scottsdale’s modern downtown district for dinner.(如果你不喜欢在后院烧烤，那就走进斯科茨代尔的现代闹市区吃晚餐。)”和The Catskills, New York部分的“When you have to go back to civilization, the lovable mountain town of Woodstock is just 10 minutes away.(当你不得不回到文明世界，可爱的山城伍德斯托克只有10分钟的路程。)”可知，这四套出租房的共同之处在于它们在城镇或市中心附近。故选D。
4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。为了解决早期伦敦地铁线路图中存在的问题，Harry Beck绘制了更为实用的地铁线路图。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London, but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.(这些地图清楚地显示了通往伦敦市中心以外地区的地铁线路，但它们使人们很难分辨出直接连接伦敦市中心的繁忙线路)”可知，早期的地铁线路图使用起来很不方便。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map, it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points. Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.(它更像是线条的基本轮廓，而不是真实的地图，它没有告诉旅行者两点之间的实际距离。贝克的地图结构清晰，有彩色线条。他的想法是创建最简单的指南，告诉旅行者如何从一个站到另一个站)”可知，Beck注重的是地铁线路图的简明性。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It was more a presentation of his being creative, in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it, than a response to public demand.(这与其说是对公众需求的回应，不如说是对他发现问题并提出解决方案的创造性展示)”可知，Beck设计的新的地铁线路图在更大程度上是对他在解决问题方面的创造力的展现，这一行为不是为了满足公众的需求。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.(他清晰的图解映射方法不仅在伦敦，而且在世界各地的信息设计领域得到了广泛的接受和遵循)”可知Beck的绘图方式被广泛接受和沿用。由此可推断Beck为地铁线路图设计提供了一个范例。故选B。
8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于动物是否会患心脏病的一些研究和一些专家的看法。
8．词句猜测题。本句中and前后表示顺承，根据and前的“a blood vessel (血管) distributing oxygenated blood to the heart gets blocked(向心脏输送含氧血液的血管堵塞)”可知，运送含氧血液的血管堵塞。由此推知，这会导致心脏缺氧，一部分心脏组织会坏死。划线词deprivation表示“缺少”，和lack的意思最为接近。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For instance, heart attacks occur very rarely in dogs. Even the chimps, which are not only closely related to humans but also share similar risk factors for heart disease, do not have heart attacks. Even in mice and rabbits that are genetically modified to have high cholesterol (胆固醇) and blood fats for the purpose of inducing atherosclerosis and other human diseases, actual heart attacks rarely occur, according to a 2009 paper.(例如，狗很少发生心脏病发作。黑猩猩不仅与人类关系密切，而且有相似的心脏病风险因素，但即使是黑猩猩也没有心脏病发作。根据2009年的一篇论文，即使是在老鼠和兔子身上，通过基因改造使它们具有高胆固醇和血脂，以诱发动脉粥样硬化和其他人类疾病，实际的心脏病发作也很少发生)”可知，本段列举的这些动物的共同点是：它们很少患心脏病。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Despite previous reports that other animals mostly don’t have heart attacks, the truth is that there haven’t been a lot of experiments investigating this question.(尽管之前有报告称其他动物大多不会患心脏病，但事实是，还没有很多实验来研究这个问题)”可知，先前关于动物是否会患心脏病的报告并没有进行很多实验去论证。接着用Tomasz Owerkowicz的话“You can observe that an animal has suddenly died, but very rarely would you actually look for the cause of it. We just don’t know whether they suffer heart attacks(你可以观察到动物突然死亡，但你很少会真正寻找死亡原因。我们只是不知道它们是否患有心脏病)”来支持这一观点。由此推知，Tomasz Owerkowicz对之前的研究报告持怀疑态度。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“In their heart, you find the vessels; and they have spongy (海绵状的) tissues, around which there’s a lot of blood, not necessarily coming from the vessels(在它们的心脏里，你可以找到血管；而且它们有海绵状组织，周围有很多血液，这些血液不一定来自血管)”可知，血管可以给心脏供血，而且海绵状组织周围也有其他地方的可以给心脏供血。由此推知，短吻鳄不会患心脏病的原因是，它们心脏中的血液有多种来源。故选D。
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在旧金山的一个非盈利组织收集头发来减轻石油泄露带来的影响，并发现用头发做成的发垫是一个很好的方案但却不是最完美的方案，他们正在尝试着使发垫能够被重复利用。
12．细节理解题。 根据第二段的“A standard way to clean up oil from land is to use mats made from polypropylene (聚丙烯). But polypropylene is a non-biodegradable plastic, and producing it ultimately means more drilling for oil.(清理陆地上油污的标准方法是使用聚丙烯制成的垫子。但聚丙烯是一种不可生物降解的塑料，生产它最终意味着更多的石油钻探。)”可知，生产聚丙烯需要更多的石油。故选A。
13．推理判断题。 根据第五段“However, Murray cautions that hair mats are not a perfect solution, because they are single-use, and can only be dealt with by burning or by burying into soil which then isn’t suitable for growing food. She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.(然而，Murray警告说，毛发垫并不是一个完美的解决方案，因为它们是一次性的，只能通过燃烧或埋在不适合种植食物的土壤中来处理。她现在正在研究从用过的发垫中提取油的方法，这意味着两者都可以重复使用。)”可知，发垫不是完美的解决方案，因为它们不能被立马回收。故选B。
14．推理判断题。 根据第五段最后一句“She is now researching methods to extract the oil from a used hair mat, meaning both can be reused.(她现在正在研究从用过的发垫中提取油的方法，这意味着两者都可以重复使用。)”可知，Megan Murray正在尽全力地去研究能让发垫重复利用的方法。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Lisa Gautier receives nearly a dozen parcels of human hair every day. With her San Francisco-based non-profit organization Matter of Trust, Gautier turns donated hair into mats used to soak up oil spills on land, and booms (long tubes) used for spills at sea.(Lisa Gautier每天都会收到近12包人类头发。Gautier在她位于旧金山的非营利组织Matter of Trust工作，她把捐赠的头发做成垫子，用来吸收陆地上泄漏的石油，把吊杆（长管）用于海上泄漏的石油。)”可知，本文主要讲的是旧金山的一个非盈利组织收集头发来减轻石油泄露带来的影响，并发现用头发做成的发垫是一个很好的方案但却不是最完美的方案，他们正在尝试着使发垫能够被重复利用，因此本文最好的标题是D选项“Human Hair Is Being Used to Clean Up Oil Spills(人类的头发被用来清理石油泄漏)”。故选D。
16．C 17．G 18．A 19．E 20．F

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于选择和使用防水相机的一些建议。
16．空处承上启下。根据前文“A waterproof camera is an ideal tool for capturing diving memories and moments of deep sea-fishing trips. Besides, it works equally well for water park visits.(防水相机是捕捉潜水记忆和深海捕鱼旅行瞬间的理想工具。此外，它同样适用于水上公园参观)”可知，防水相机有诸多用处。C项“以下是关于如何选择和使用此类相机的一些建议。”承接上文，并引出下文的提议。故选C。
17．前文“As with any camera, you can choose a waterproof camera with a viewing screen that allows you to see the photos you are lining up or have just taken.(与任何相机一样，你可以选择一款带显示屏的防水相机，这样你就可以看到你正在拍或刚刚拍摄的照片)”建议选择带显示屏的防水相机。G项“屏幕应该足够清晰，可以在水下或阳光直射下看到。”进一步讲述了对显示屏的要求。故选G。
18．空处是本段主旨句。根据本段中的“In most cases, you’ll want the smallest and lightest camera you can find.(在大多数情况下，你会想要你能找到的最小、最轻的相机)”可知，相机的尺寸和重量也是要考虑的方面。A项“防水相机的尺寸和重量很重要。”符合题意。故选A。
19．前文“It is a good idea to read reviews of the camera carefully and thoroughly before buying a water-resistant camera.(在购买一部防水相机之前，最好仔细、彻底地阅读该相机的评论)”可知，要关注有关相机的评论。后文“If the complaints are about the company’s negative response to quality problems, they can be useful information as well.(如果投诉是关于公司对质量问题的负面反应，那么它们也可能是有用的信息)”讲述了有关这部相机的投诉也是有用的参考。E项“你还需要特别注意任何不满的声明。”照应前文，衔接下文，且选项中的“any statement of dissatisfaction”与后文中的“the complaints”照应。故选E。
20．后文“It could raise the camera’s operating temperature and cause damage.(这可能会提高相机的运行温度并造成损坏)”指出了某种行为会导致相机温度过高并造成损坏。F项“同时，不要将防水相机长时间放置在阳光直射下。”建议不要将防水相机长期置于阳光下，衔接下文，且下文中的It指代的是将防水相机长期置于阳光下的这种情况。故选F。

21．C 22．B 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．C

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与遭遇事故去世的女孩家属交流器官捐献的事情，以为是一次不愉快的谈话，却意外的发现女孩父母欣然同意，这让作者感觉是经历过的最暖心的谈话。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的职业生涯中，我永远不会忘记这样一次不舒适的谈话，但值得庆幸的是，它变成了我所经历的最温暖的一次谈话。A. heart-broken心碎的；B. strong-willed意志坚强的；C. heart-warming温暖人心的；D. open-minded思想开明的。根据文章倒数第二段“She was always so generous.”以及最后一段“helped them feel that the spirit of their daughter lived on”可推知，作者认为这次谈话使自己感受到了女孩以及家人慷慨无私的精神，女孩的精神一直以一种特殊的方式存在着，而这次谈话也是他所经历的最温暖的一次谈话。故选C项。
22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一名20岁出头的女性在发生交通事故后被送来。A. taken out带……出去；B. brought in带进来；C. called in找来；D. carried out执行。根据上文“That was in my first year of work as a doctor.”以及下文“after a traffic accident”可推知，此处指女孩出车祸，被送到了作者所在的医院。故选B项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在家人等待消息的时候，我花了一些时间与他们交谈。A. friends朋友；B. police警察；C. helpers帮手；D. family家人。根据下文“the mother said ____11____ I’d even finished. The father nodded”可推知，此处指作者与女孩的家人交谈。故选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：外科医生没能挽救她的生命。A. managed管理；B. struggled挣扎；C. failed失败；D. declined衰退。根据下文“lost their daughter”可推知，此处指医生并未能成功挽救女孩的生命。故选C项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和他们一起坐了一段时间，他们在静静地哭泣着。A. wept哭泣；B. chatted聊天；C. greeted问候；D. parted离开。根据上文“The surgeons failed to save her life.”可知，女孩的父母失去了他们的女儿，从而推知，他们应该十分难过，默默地落泪。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我认为如果你去做这件事，那就太好了。A. nice好的；B. lucky幸运的；C. tense紧张的；D. bad坏的。根据上文“Why me?”下文“the consultant was standing outside”可推知，此处指会诊医师鼓动作者去做逝者家人的思想工作。故选A项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这肯定是他们最不愿意谈论的话题。A. first最重要的；B. next接下来的；C. past过去的；D. last最后的。根据下文“considering this kind of conversation while someone was lost in grief”可推知，此处指作者认为女孩父母在悲痛中肯定不愿意谈论器官捐献的话题。固定搭配“the last thing”意为“最不愿意做的事情”。故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在别人沉浸在悲痛中的时候，考虑这样的谈话是很不合适的。A. awkward不合适的；B. ambiguous模棱两可的；C. arbitrary武断的；D. advisable明智的。根据下文“considering this kind of conversation while someone was lost in grief”可推知，此处指作者认为在别人最悲痛的时候谈论器官捐赠是很不合适的。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到压力很大，打开了门，坐在他们对面，确信我只会让事情变得更糟。A. relaxed放松；B. offended冒犯；C. stressed使紧张；D. inspired鼓舞。根据上文“Surely this would be the last thing they’d want to talk about. It was awkward”可推知，作者认为在别人最悲痛的时候谈论器官捐赠是很不合适的，所以压力很大，非常紧张。故选C项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到压力很大，打开了门，坐在他们对面，确信我只会让事情变得更糟。A. better更好的；B. worse更糟的；C. lighter更轻的；D. smaller更小的。根据上文“the last thing they’d want to talk about. It was awkward”以及“Feeling stressed”可推知，作者认为与女孩父母谈论器官捐赠问题是不合适的，他认为自己只会让事情变得更糟，影响家属的心情。故选B项。
31．考查连词词义辨析。句意：“这是她所希望的，”我还没说完，女孩母亲就说道。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. when当……时；D. until直到……为止。根据上文“It’s what she’d have wanted”以及下文“I’d even finished”可推知，似乎女孩与父母之间事先都有承诺，所以此处指女孩的母亲还没有等作者说完，就答应了。故选B项。
32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管我之前设想他们会很生气，但其实他们却很冷静。A. Unless除非；B. When当……时；C. While虽然；D. As因为。根据下文“I had imagined they might be angry with me, in fact they seemed calm”可推知，此处与主句构成让步关系，指作者原以为他们会生气，但事实上他们很镇静，并没有生气。故选C项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我离开他们时，我意识到我错了，我认为这会是一次不舒适的谈话。A. right正确的；B. wrong错误的；C. wise明智的；D. rough艰苦的。根据上文“the mother said before I’d even finished.”以及“in fact they seemed calm”可推知，作者之前一直认为这将是一次很不舒适的对话，但女孩父母的表现使作者意识到了自己是错误的。故选B项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个最后的行动安慰了他们，并帮助他们感受到他们女儿的精神在这个慷慨的行为中继续存在。A. stimulated促进；B. pressured迫使；C. comforted安慰；D. depressed使抑郁。根据下文“them and helped them feel that the spirit of their daughter lived on”可推知，捐赠器官的决定为女孩父母提供了安慰，让他们感受到女孩的精神一直以一种特殊的方式存在着。故选C项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个最后的行动安慰了他们，并帮助他们感受到他们女儿的精神在这个慷慨的行为中继续存在。A. honesty诚实；B. responsibility责任；C. generosity慷慨；D. productivity生产力。根据上文“She was always so generous.”可推知，此处指女孩的精神在捐献器官这个慷慨的行为中继续存在着。故选C项。

36．survival 37．which 38．were carved 39．varieties 40．However 41．making 42．of 43．what/which 44．an 45．global

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉语的文字体系和发挥的历史作用。
36．考查名词。句意：中文书写系统是中国古代文明得以存续的主要因素之一。空格处用名词作宾语，此处表示“幸存，生存”，名词是survival，是不可数名词，故填survival。
37．考查定语从句。句意：起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言，这可以追溯到几千年前使用龙骨。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词language是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
38．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：古代中国人在动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻符号。符号被雕刻，句子用被动语态，由by ancient Chinese people可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语Symbols是复数，因此空格处是were carved。故填were carved。
39．考查名词的复数。句意：多年来，中国人在地理上被划分，导致了许多方言和文字的变化。空前有many，空格处用复数，故填varieties。
40．考查副词。句意：然而，在秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家之后，这种情况发生了变化，使得中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。由this changed under Emperor Qinshihuang可知，前后是转折关系，空格处意为“然而”，是however，位于句首，首字母大写，故填However。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家之后，这种情况发生了变化，使得中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。句中谓语是changed，空格处用非谓语动词，空后是结果，因此空格处用现在分词表结果，故填making。
42．考查介词。句意：它对团结中国人民和文化具有重要意义。be of importance意为“重要的”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。
43．考查状语从句。句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么/哪种方言，他们都能用书面汉语交流。根据语境可知，句子表示“无论中国人住在哪里，说什么/哪种方言”，“什么”用what，“哪种”用which，故填what/which。
44．考查冠词。句意：如今，汉字仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。part是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，important是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
45．考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词affairs，globe的形容词是global，意为“全球的”，故填global。
46．Dear friends,
I’m Li Hua. I’m honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our English Club.
First of all, I’d like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction of the English Club. It was founded last year, which attracted more than 300 people to join. Up to now, we have held no less than 50 activities. We will also arrange a variety of activities in this term and I’m sure you will benefit from them a lot. Secondly, the English Club members are composed of teachers and students who come from different countries. We are going to organize different kinds of activities this term, such as English speech contests, The English Drama and so on. Everyone can seize the chance to participate in various activities. Last but not least, the English Club aims to make members happy and meet students’ needs in English learning, so I hope all of you can enjoy it as well as make more friends to practice English together.  
Wish you an unforgettable time here! Thank you.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇发言稿，欢迎英语俱乐部的新成员并表达祝福。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：on behalf of→represent
机会：opportunity→chance
由……组成：be composed of→be made up of
喜欢：enjoy→like
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wish you an unforgettable time here!
拓展句：Wish you could have an unforgettable time here!
【点睛】【高分句型1】It was founded last year, which attracted more than 300 people to join.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Secondly, the English Club members are composed of teachers and students who come from different countries.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
47．That night, I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked. Thrilled and inspired, I sprang in front of my desk, racked my brains and started drawing a few scenes of three of us giggling, chattering and enjoying each other’s company like we usually did. On the last page, I wrote, “Dear Kash, you are not the one left behind. Liya and I are so sorry about the way we messed things up.” Pierced to the heart with guilt, I gingerly tucked the paintings into an envelope, hoping this would be an icebreaker.
The next day, I handed my pages of apology to Kash. He took it, looking surprised at the first sight. After he read it, an expression of intense joy illuminated his eyes. Blushed, I broke the silence, “I’m sorry, dude. We should have talked to you.” With her eyes fixed on the floor, Liya came over and apologized in a low voice, “You mean a lot to us.” Hearing her words, Kash shook his head and beamed, “I was way too sensitive.” We exchanged a knowing smile, realizing that sincerity, trust and communication were always the key to clearing up the misunderstanding between friends.
【导语】本文讲述了老师布置了一个两人为一组的团队任务，作者和Liya首先组成了一队，这让他们的好朋友Kash感到失落和生气，他认为自己在三人好友中排名最后。于是作者决定做点什么，让Kash认识到他是一个平等的朋友。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“那天晚上，当我读到一本我们三个人都喜欢的漫画小说时，我突然想到了一个主意。”和第二段首句中的“my pages of apology(我道歉的纸张)”可知，第一段可描写受该想法的启发，作者写了一封道歉信，解释了自己没有认为Kash不重要，并为自己的行为表示歉意。
由第二段首句内容“第二天，我把我的道歉纸张递给了Kash。”可知，第二段可描述Kash看到信之后的反应，Kash也认识到了自己太过敏感，三人重归于好。
2.续写线索：突然想到一个主意——写信解释自己的行为并表示歉意——Kash收到信——作者打破僵局主动谈话——三人重归于好
3.词汇激活：
情绪类
①兴奋：thrilled/excited/stoked/flushed/in excitement
②惊讶：surprised/astonished/shocked
③愧疚：guilt/shame
动作类
①绞尽脑汁：racked my brains/think very hard/task my mind/beat my brains out
②搞砸：mess things up/screw things up
【点睛】【高分句型1】Thrilled and inspired, I sprang in front of my desk, racked my brains and started drawing a few scenes of three of us giggling, chattering and enjoying each other’s company like we usually did.(形容词短语Thrilled and inspired作状语；and连接三个并列的谓语sprang...，racked…和started…；现在分词短语giggling, chattering and enjoying…作后置定语修饰three of us)
【高分句型2】With her eyes fixed on the floor, Liya came over and apologized in a low voice, “You mean a lot to us.”(运用了With复合结构，and连接两个并列的谓语)