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2022北京昌平高一（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2022北京昌平高一（上）期末英语（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京昌平高一（上）期末
英 语
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Those Shoes
Every time I walked to school in the past, there they were in the shop window, looking at me. Those perfect, perfect ___1___, with perfect, perfect design. Everyone who ___2___ had them, from the cheerleaders to the headmaster to the football stars.
Every time I asked Grandma if I could get them, she said the ___3___ answer. Those words are now etched (刻) into my mind, as if with a knife. “You have to buy them with your own money,” she told me. “We don’t have ___4___ for wants in this family. You know that, Gabriella.”
So I tried to ___5___ money. What I tried was dog walking. It always seemed so ___6___ in the movies. I picked up a Great Dane named Tiny, a Pomeranian named Snowflake, a Husky named Tulip, and a Yorkie named Flex. It didn’t go quite as planned. Tiny scared Snowflake, and she wound her leash (拴狗链) around Tulip, and in the end Flex was the only dog staying calm. ___7___ dog walking was hard and tiring, at least I made some money.
I walked to the shop with my best friend, Winnie. When we got there, I finally ___8___ that I didn’t really want those shoes. I just wanted to be like everyone else! I decided to get ___9___ I really wanted.
I named my new pet turtle Cashy, to _____10_____ all the hard work and money it took to buy her.
1. A. windows B. shoes C. stars D. clothes
2. A. mattered B. worked C. stopped D. appeared
3. A. serious B. short C. right D. same
4. A. room B. energy C. time D. reason
5. A. borrow B. spend C. count D. earn
6. A. special B. popular C. easy D. different
7. A. If B. Though C. Since D. Once
8. A. accepted B. remembered C. realised D. reported
9. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
10. A. pay off B. deal with C. stand for D. make up
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When Zhang Tian arrived at the small country, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes. The school was much ____11____ (small) than he had expected, with only three classrooms. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground ____12____ got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. ____13____ (live) in the village was also more challenging than he had thought.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China ____14____ my host family. Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house ____15____ (clean) from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, ____16____ (happy) arrives. The character looked really cool.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The first simple 2D avatars ____17____ (appear) in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars ____18____ (have) such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats like instant messenger. When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power ____19____ (create) new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex, and call ____20____ (they) “Andy” instead of “Anna”!
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Astonishing Science, Fantastic Museum
The Science Museum in London is one of the top ten tourist attractions in the UK, with 1.6 million visitors a year. It shows science, technology, medicine and industry in an exciting, informative and relaxing way. Here are some of its exhibitions (展览), most of which, like the museum itself, are free.
Who am I?
What makes you cleverer than a chimpanzee (黑猩猩)? What makes you smile? What makes you you? Find out in this fascinating exhibition. Discover what your voice sounds like as a member of the opposite sex, and watch your face change as you are aging!
Collider
Come on a journey inside the world’s greatest scientific experiment ever. Deep under the border (边界) between France and Switzerland lies CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Ten thousand men and women from around the world have created the LHC, which is discovering the secrets of our universe. Be amazed by the science, see history being made! Adult tickets are £10 and teenagers under 16 pay £7.
Launchpad
This exhibition room has over fifty interactive objects from the wonderful world of physics. At Icy Bodies you can watch carbon dioxide (CO2) turn from a solid (固体) into a gas. On the Light Table you can bounce light about with mirrors, and break it into rainbows.
3D: printing the future
This surprising exhibition shows how 3D printers are turning computer data into physical objects. Explore the future of industry and medicine — and will 3D printing change your shopping experience?
Online science
This is a virtual part of the museum and it’s free to everyone online. Go to http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/games.aspx and play fascinating games like Ouch (fighting pain!) Futurecade (can science save humanity?) and Launchball (slide, bounce and jump your way through 30 levels!).
21. In “Who am I?”, you can find out_______.
A. who the cleverest man is
B. what your smile brings to you
C. how to make your voice sound better
D. how your face changes as you get older
22. If you want to try doing experiments in physics, which exhibition is the best for you?
A. Collider. B. Launchpad.
C. 3D: printing the future. D. Online science.
23. If you take your 7-year-old twins to the Collider, how much do you need to pay?
A. £10. B. £17. C. £24. D. £27.
B
How far would you go to help a friend? Jeremy Savage and Ian Marshall had their friendship tested to the limit on a recent trip to the Rocky Mountains with their parents.
On Saturday morning, the two boys decided to climb a mountain nearby on their own. After three hours, they reached the top and enjoyed the beautiful view from the mountaintop.
However, trouble began when they started the climb down. On one very dangerous part of the mountain, Ian fell three metres off the side of the path. Jeremy climbed down to where Ian was and found him badly injured and not able to move. Jeremy had to decide what to do. He needed help but he did not want to leave his friend. He cleaned the dirt and blood from Ian’s face and hands, and then tried to help Ian stand up, but Ian’s right leg was hurting too much. They had to wait and hope that help would come.
Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very worried about the boys. They called park workers and began searching for the boys.
While waiting for help, Jeremy gave Ian his food and let him lie on his jacket. As the evening grew darker and the temperature dropped, Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave. He thought it was too dangerous for Ian to be alone on such a cold windy night. Jeremy used his jacket to keep Ian warm and they rested together through the night.
At sunrise, Jeremy decided that the only way to help his friend was to carry him down the mountain. So, they started the long climb back to the campsite. Jeremy carried Ian on his back. Finally, after four long and tiring hours, they came across their relieved parents, who were still looking for them on the mountain. “I will always remember what Jeremy did for me,” said Ian afterwards. “He saved my life. That is the greatest thing that a person can do for his friend.”
24. What happened when Jeremy and Ian started the climb down?
A. They lost their way.
B. The weather turned bad.
C. Ian fell and got injured.
D. They ran out of their food.
25. When the evening came, Jeremy decided to ______.
A. stay with his friend
B. call the park workers
C. go back to the campsite
D. search for a place to rest
26. What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Their parents met them at the campsite.
B. Jeremy carried Ian on his back to climb down.
C. Their parents helped them out of the trouble.
D. Jeremy and Ian waited for four hours to be saved.
27. What words can best describe Jeremy?
A. Trust-worthy. B. Honest. C. Confident. D. Hard-working.
C
Libraries around the world still hold copies of books printed hundreds of years ago. Will e-books still be used in hundreds of years’ time? Librarians are worried that digital information and digital books are already being lost. Technology is always changing, and even now, we cannot find the information typed in programs we used ten or fifteen years ago. Is digital data in danger of disappearing into a digital black hole?
Amazingly, we still have copies of the first published collection of William Shakespeare 536 plays The first Folio. That’s not bad for a book that’s nearly 500 years old. The folio was published in 1623. Around 800 copies were printed and 234 known copies still can be found today.
Books are quite easy to store. They hold a large amount of information in a small space. Most importantly, we don’t need any special equipment to open them. But what about the digital books stored on your computer now? Will people be able to read them in 800, 500 or even 10 years’ time?
Technology moves fast. The digital books we saved on some special equipment ten or twenty years ago can’t be opened now. We can’t open them on our 21st century laptops. What about all your digital photographs? Every second, thousands of them are uploaded to social media. There is no physical copy. What will happen to them? Will they be lost in a few years’ time? Now you save them in .jpg or .tiff format (格式). In ten years’ time, there will be another form and another program to open your photos with. This new program will not be able to open your old .jpg or .tiff files. People have recognised this problem and there are now online sellers who will print physical photo albums of your Facebook posts.
When a website closes down, all the information on that website is removed. It’s gone forever. It has disappeared into the “digital black hole”. Organisations have understood this problem. In 2004, the British Library in the UK started to archive (存档) websites that are important culturally and academically for future generations, just like paper-based literature. In 2010, the US Library of Congress signed an agreement with Twitter to archive public Tweets sent by Americans. They have archived all public Tweets sent since the start of Twitter in 2006. That’s 400 million Tweets every day!
With all the amazing new digital technology today, we still have to rely on the centuries-old technology of printing. For now, it seems printed copies are still the safest way to store information.
28. The writer mentions Shakespeare’s work to show ______.
A. there are different ways to store books
B. Shakespeare has influence on printing books
C. printed books can be stored for a long time
D. the technology of printing has a long history
29. Why is digital data in danger of disappearing into a digital black hole?
A. There is no enough room to store digital data.
B. People prefer printed copies to digital data.
C. A new form of data will replace digital data.
D. Digital data may not be reached in the future.
30. What is the author’s attitude toward keeping the printed copies?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unclear. D. Worried.
D
To deal with a big environmental problem, chemists have been thinking small. Really small. Their new tiny robot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic (塑料的) polluting waterways across the world.
Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (磁的) and shaped like stars. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions (化学反应) that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they catch it and start to break it down. When the lights go out, they let go and are free to be used again. In a new study, the scientists reported that these robots can either break down a piece of microplastic or hold onto it to be collected later.
Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague led the project. He studies ways to build microrobots. He says: “Let’s make them do something useful.”
Pumera chose to center on the problem caused by microplastics. It’s a big problem. These are tiny bits of plastic, usually no wider than the top of a pencil eraser. And they’re everywhere — from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice at the top of mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water, both bottled and tap water. Some studies found that too many pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. Plastic doesn’t easily degrade (分解) or fall apart. That’s always been one of its study points.
Pumera says his final goal is to make cheap and environmentally-friendly robots that can be used anywhere in the world. He thought that at first they might be most useful in plants that treat wastewater. There they can remove plastic before it reaches open water.
In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers catch each of four different types of plastic. And after a week exposed (暴露) to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasn’t much — only by 3 percent. But that was a sign they were breaking the plastic down.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all.
The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a waste water-treatment plant.
31. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Microrobots. B. Stars. C. Pencils. D. Microplastics.
32. Paragraph 4 is mainly about _______.
A. the experiment carried out by Pumera
B. the functions that the microrobot holds
C. the places where microplastics usually turn up
D. the reason why Pumera invented the microrobot
33. According to the passage microrobots ______.
A. can break down plastics in the dark
B. prove to be most useful in open water
C. do no harm to the environment at present
D. need further testing before they are put into use
34. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage people to find more solutions to pollutions.
B. To present a new way of breaking down microplastics.
C. To stress the importance of protecting the water.
D. To explain a serious environmental problem.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress
If you’re living with high levels of stress, you’re putting your health and happiness at risk. Stress does harm to your health. It may seem like there’s nothing you can do about stress. _____35_____ The following stress management tips can help you do that.
Get moving
When you’re stressed, the last thing you probably feel like doing is getting up and exercising. _____36_____ You don’t have to be an athlete or spend hours in a gym to experience the benefits. Exercise releases endorphins that make you feel good, and it can also serve as a valuable distraction from your daily worries.
Connect to others
There is nothing more calming than spending quality time with another human being who makes you feel safe and understood. So make it a point to connect regularly — and in person — with family and friends. Keep in mind that the people you talk to don’t have to be able to fix your stress. _____37_____. And try not to let worries about looking weak keep you from opening up. The people who care about you will be happy because of your trust. It will only strengthen your relationship.
_____38_____
When you’re worn out by your morning traffic, or stuck in a stressful meeting at work, you need a way to manage your stress levels right now. The fastest way to reduce stress is by taking a deep breath and using your senses — what you see, hear, taste, and touch — or through a comfortable movement. By viewing a favorite photo, smelling a specific smell, listening to a favorite piece of music, tasting sweets, or hugging a pet, for example, you can quickly relax and focus yourself.
Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. But stress management is not one-size-fits-all. _____39_____
A. Take control of your own life.
B. Learn to relieve stress in the moment.
C. They simply need to be good listeners.
D. But physical activity is a huge stress reliever.
E. But you have a lot more control than you might think.
F. That’s why it’s important to experiment and find out what works best for you.
G. While it’s not easy to avoid all stress, Learning about it can help you avoid unnecessary stress.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第40, 41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Take Time
It was Tuesday morning and Jake’s mother was driving him to school. As usual, they were driving down busy Fortieth Street. Jake’s mother was driving as fast as the speed limit and traffic allowed. Jake sat in the back seat, daydreaming as he looked out the window. They were passing a city park, and it flew past him quickly. “That park is blocking (阻挡) our way,” Jake’s mother said unhappily. “If I could drive right through it, we’d be at school in no time, but I have to drive all the way around it.”
The next day, as usual, Jake’s mother was driving him to school. Jake was looking out the window. Suddenly, he saw something shoot up from out of the trees. Just as quickly, it disappeared. At least, he thought he saw something, but they had speeded by so quickly that he was uncertain.
The following day, once again Jake and his mother were on their way to school. This time, Jake paid special attention as they passed the park. Tree after tree rushed by, when — there! There it was again! Jake wanted to find out what it was in the park, but his mother said he had a lot to do in the school and she was too busy to walk in the park. Jake begged his mother and she finally agreed to go and see it on the weekend!
On Saturday morning, Jake and his mother finally walked into the park and down a wooded path. Approaching (接近) the middle of the park, they discovered a large and lovely water fountain(喷泉). Every so often, it would shoot a burst of water high into the air. “Mom, this is what I saw shooting up out of the park on our way to school!” Jake said excitedly.
Jake’s mother smiled happily. “What an enjoyable walk! Let’s come here more often,” she suggested. “In fact, we don’t always have to drive to school. Let’s walk to school when the weather is nice, and we can walk through this park on our way.”
“Sure!” Jake happily agreed.
40. What did Jake’s mother think of the park on Tuesday morning?
41 Why did Jake’s mother refuse to go to the park at first?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The trees in the park attracted Jake on his way to school and he asked his mother to walk in the park.
43. Do you think you should slow down in your life sometimes? Please share your opinions and explain. (In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是高一学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim正在做有关高中生最喜爱的运动的调查，写邮件向你询问你最喜欢的运动项目，请你根据以下提示给他回邮件。
要点： 1. 你最喜欢的运动；
2. 你喜欢该运动的原因；
3. 做该运动时的注意事项。
注意：1. 词数在100字左右；
2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者一开始很想买一双球鞋，但是奶奶告诉他必须自己挣钱买，于是作者通过遛狗打工挣钱，终于赚到了钱，最后发现自己其实并不喜欢，于是买了一只乌龟用来纪念自己付出的努力。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：完美的鞋子，完美的设计。A. windows橱窗；B. shoes鞋子；C. stars明星；D. clothes衣服。根据下文“When we got there, I finally ___8___ that I didn’t really want those shoes.”可知，此处指橱窗里的鞋子。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个重要的人都有它们，从啦啦队长到校长再到足球明星。A. mattered要紧；重要；B. worked工作、起作用；C. stopped停止；D. appeared出现。根据后面的“from the cheerleaders to the headmaster to the football stars”可知，这里指“重要的人”，mattered符合语境。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我问奶奶我能不能买到，她都说同样的答案。A. serious严肃的、严重的；B. short短的；C. right正确的；D. same同样的。根据后面的“Those words are now etched into my mind”可知，刻到脑子里说明经常说同样的话。same符合语境。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们家没有满足欲望的空间。A. room房间、空间；B. energy能量；C. time时间；D. reason理由、原因。根据前面的“You have to buy them with your own money”可知，是因为家里没钱，所以让作者自己赚钱买。room表示“空间”，符合语境。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我试着去赚钱。A. borrow借；B. spend花费；C. count计数；D. earn赚得。根据前面的“You have to buy them with your own money”可知，因为家里没钱，所以作者要自己赚钱买鞋子。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在电影里看起来总是那么容易。A. special特别的；B. popular流行的；C. easy简单的；D. different不同的。根据后面的“It didn’t go quite as planned.”可知，遛狗其实并不简单，结合前面的“It always seemed so ___6___ in the movies.”可知，这里指电影里看上去很简单，easy符合语境。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然遛狗很辛苦很累，但至少我赚了一些钱。A. If如果；B. Though尽管；C. Since自从、由于；D. Once一旦。根据后面的“dog walking was hard and tiring, at least I made some money”可知，遛狗很难很累，但至少赚到了一些钱，前后存在让步关系，用though。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们到了那里，我终于意识到我并不是真的想要那双鞋。A. accepted接受；B. remembered记住；C. realised意识到；D. reported报告。由下文“I didn’t really want those shoes.”可知，作者到了店门口后，发现自己不喜欢那些鞋子了，应用“意识到”，realised符合语境。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：我决定去买我真正想要的东西。A. something一些东西；B. anything任何东西；C. everything所有东西；D. nothing没有东西。由下文“I really wanted”可知，这里指买一些自己真正想要的东西，something符合语境。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：我给我的新宠物龟起名为凯西，以代表买它所付出的努力和金钱。A. pay off付清；B. deal with解决；C. stand for代表、象征；D. make up组成、弥补。根据后面的“all the hard work and money it took to buy her”可知，给这只乌龟取名凯西，代表为了买它付出的努力和金钱，stand for符合语境。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
【答案】11. smaller
12. which/that
13. Living
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是张天对刚到的农村的印象。
【11题详解】
考查比较级。句意：这所学校比他预想的要小得多，只有三个教室。由than可知，空格处用比较级smaller，故填smaller。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：教室前面有一个操场，刮风的时候尘土飞扬，下雨天泥泞不堪。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词playground是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
【13题详解】
考查动名词。句意：村子里的生活也比他想象的更有挑战性。空格处用动名词living作主语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Living。
【答案】14. with
15. was cleaned
16. happiness
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国过春节的经历和感受。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：这是我第一次和寄宿家庭在中国过春节。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处需用介词with“和……”，表示和寄宿制家庭过春节。故填with。
【15题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：首先，房子被彻底打扫了一遍。由文章前一句谓语动词began 和空后was可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情；又因house与clean之间是被动关系，所以空处需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数，故填was cleaned。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们相信，当“福”被倒贴时，“幸福”就会到来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作主语；happy的名词为happiness“幸福”，不可数名词。故填happiness。
【答案】17. appeared
18. would have
19. to create
20. themselves
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了虚拟化身广泛的形式和用途。
【17题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：20世纪80年代，第一个简单的2D化身出现在角色扮演电脑游戏中。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据时间状语in the 1980s判断此处应用一般过去时态。故填appeared。
【18题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。主句的谓语动词knew是一般过去时，根据句意可知，宾语从句that future avatars ____2____ (have) such a wide variety of forms and uses表示“未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途”，故应用过去将来时。故填would have。
【19题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：当人们开始创建自己的化身时，他们发现他们将有能力创建与真实自我完全不同的新身份。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。不定式常用于“have+the+抽象名词”结构中作后置定语。故填to create。
【20题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他们可以给自己的化身穿上奇装异服，或者他们可以试着做一个异性，把自己叫做“安迪”而不是“安娜”！分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词。根据句意，句子主语是“他们”，宾语也是“他们”，当主语和宾语相同时，宾语应用反身代词。they的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国五个各具特色的科学博物馆。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Who am I?部分的“watch your face change as you are aging(观察你的脸随着年龄的增长而变化)”可知，在Who am I，你可以找出随着年龄的增长，你的脸会发生什么变化，故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Launchpad部分的“This exhibition room has over fifty interactive objects from the wonderful world of physics.(这个展览室有五十多件来自奇妙的物理世界的互动物品。)”可知，如果你想尝试做物理实验，Launchpad最适合你，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Collider部分的“Adult tickets are £10 and teenagers under 16 pay £7.(成人票10英镑，16岁以下青少年7英镑。)”可知，如果你带你7岁的双胞胎去Collider需要付的钱是£10+2*£7=£24，故选C。
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描写Jeremy 和Ian与父母攀登时，Ian不幸受伤了，Jeremy不离不弃地陪着他。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“On one very dangerous part of the mountain, Ian fell three metres off the side of the path. Jeremy climbed down to where Ian was and found him badly injured and not able to move. (在山上一个非常危险的地方，Ian从小径边上摔了三米。杰里米爬到伊恩所在的地方，发现他受了重伤，无法动弹。)”可知，Ian掉下来摔倒了。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As the evening grew darker and the temperature dropped, Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave. (随着夜色渐暗，气温下降，Ian告诉Jeremy离开他，回到父母身边，但Jeremy仍然没有离开。)”可知，Jeremy留下来陪受伤的Ian。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, they started the long climb back to the campsite. Jeremy carried Ian on his back. (于是，他们开始了漫长的攀登，回到营地。)”可知，Jeremy背着伊恩下山。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第2 题和第3 题解析可知，Ian受伤之后，Jeremy不离不弃，可见Ian是一个很值得信任的人。故选A。
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是数字黑洞，今天我们可以使用所有令人惊叹的新数字技术，但我们仍然必须依赖数百年的印刷技术来保存它们，这是最安全的方式。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Amazingly, we still have copies of the first published collection of William Shakespeare 536 plays The first Folio. That’s not bad for a book that’s nearly 500 years old. The folio was published in 1623. Around 800 copies were printed and 234 known copies still can be found today.(令人惊讶的是，我们仍然保存着威廉·莎士比亚第一次出版的536部戏剧《第一对开本》的副本。对于一本有近500年历史的书来说，这已经很不错了。这本对开本于1623年出版。大约有800本被印刷出来，至今仍能找到234本)”可知，作者提到了莎士比亚的作品是为了说明印刷书籍可以存放很长时间。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“This new program will not be able to open your old .jpg or .tiff files.(这个新程序将无法打开旧的jpg或tiff文件)”可知，数字数据有消失在数字黑洞的危险是因为未来可能无法接触到数字数据。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For now, it seems printed copies are still the safest way to store information.(目前看来，打印副本仍然是最安全的存储信息的方式)”可知，作者对保留印刷本的态度是支持的。故选B。
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的微型机器人，它可以帮助清理世界各地污染水道的微小塑料碎片。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (磁的) and shaped like stars. (每一个新的微型机器人都还没有削尖的铅笔尖大。它们具有磁性，形状像星星。)”以及划线单词前的“When sunlight hits them, (当阳光照射到它们时，)”和下文的“produce chemical reactions (化学反应) that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they catch it and start to break it down. (会产生化学反应，推动它们朝特定的方向穿过水。当他们发现一块塑料时，他们会抓住它并开始分解它。)”可知，they指的是微型机器人。故选A。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Pumera chose to center on the problem caused by microplastics. It’s a big problem. These are tiny bits of plastic, usually no wider than the top of a pencil eraser. And they’re everywhere — from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice at the top of mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water, both bottled and tap water. Some studies found that too many pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. Plastic doesn’t easily degrade (分解) or fall apart. That’s always been one of its study points. (Pumera公司选择关注微塑料造成的问题。这是个大问题。这些是微小的塑料碎片，通常没有铅笔橡皮的顶部宽。它们无处不在——从海底到山顶吹到冰上的空气。瓶装水和自来水中都有。一些研究发现，世界水域中有太多的塑料碎片。塑料不容易降解或分解。这一直是它的研究重点之一。)”可知，本段主要解释了Pumera为什么发明微型机器人。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all.(事实上，Pumera说他们还有很长的路要走。塑料有很多种。即使是这些微型机器人也不可能成功地将它们全部降解。)”可推断，微型机器人还有很长的路要走。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To deal with a big environmental problem, chemists have been thinking small. Really small. Their new tiny robot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic (塑料的) polluting waterways across the world. (为了解决大的环境问题，化学家们一直在考虑小的问题。很小。他们新的微型机器人只有一个目的：帮助清理世界各地污染水道的微小塑料碎片。)”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍了一种分解塑料的新方法。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何减少、预防和应对压力。
【35题详解】
空前说“Stress does harm to your health. It may seem like there’s nothing you can do about stress.(压力对健康有害。似乎你对压力无能为力。)”，空后说“The following stress management tips can help you do that.(下面的压力管理技巧可以帮助你做到这一点。)”，说明压力是人可以控制的，E选项“But you have a lot more control than you might think.(但你对压力的控制比你想象的要大得多。)”说明了人是可以控制压力的，承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【36题详解】
空后说“You don’t have to be an athlete or spend hours in a gym to experience the benefits. Exercise releases endorphins that make you feel good, and it can also serve as a valuable distraction from your daily worries.(你不需要成为一名运动员或花几个小时在健身房体验这些好处。运动可以释放内啡肽，让你感觉良好，它也可以让你不受日常担忧的干扰。)”，这说明体育锻炼对控制压力有用，D选项“But physical activity is a huge stress reliever.(但体育活动是一种巨大的减压方式。)”说明了体育活动可以控制压力，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
空前说“So make it a point to connect regularly—and in person—with family and friends. Keep in mind that the people you talk to don’t have to be able to fix your stress.(所以一定要与家人和朋友保持定期的联系，甚至是面对面的联系。请记住，与你交谈的人不一定能缓解你的压力。)”，C选项“They simply need to be good listeners.(他们只是需要成为好的倾听者。)”中的They指代的是前面的“family and friends”，说明了朋友和家人对我们的帮助，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
空格处是本段小标题，根据空格下方的“When you’re worn out by your morning traffic, or stuck in a stressful meeting at work, you need a way to manage your stress levels right now.(当你被早上的交通搞得筋疲力尽，或者被工作会议搞得很紧张时，你现在就需要一种方法来管理你的压力水平。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会尽快释放压力，B选项“Learn to relieve stress in the moment.(学会在当下释放压力。)”概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选B。
【39题详解】
空前说“Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. But stress management is not one-size-fits-all.(有效的压力管理可以帮助你打破压力对你生活的束缚，这样你就可以更快乐、更健康、更有效率。但是压力管理并不是一刀切的。)”，说明要找出最适合自己的方法，F选项“That’s why it’s important to experiment and find out what works best for you.(这就是为什么要实验并找出最适合你的方法很重要的原因。)”说明了要找出最适合自己的方法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
【答案】40. She thought the park was blocking their way. She didn’t like the park at all.
41. Because she said she was busy and Jake had a lot to do in the school.
42. The trees in the park attracted Jake on his way to the school and asked his mother to walk in the park.
According to the passage, something shoot up in the park caught Jake’s attention instead of simply trees.
43. I think we should slow down sometimes in our life. For example, when I was busy working for the exams, I felt very stressed and sometimes I even became ill. Instead, when I began to slow down and learn to enjoy the beautiful things around, I felt relaxed and do things more effectively.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了杰克坐妈妈的车去上学要经过一个公园，杰克多次看公园里有什么东西中树梢飞出，但他不确定那是什么。在他的再三要求下，一个周末妈妈带着他去一探究竟，结果发现那是森林中的一个喷泉。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“‘That park is blocking (阻挡) our way,’ Jake’s mother said unhappily.(‘那个公园挡住了我们的路，’杰克的妈妈不高兴地说)可知，星期二早上，妈妈觉得公园挡了她们的路，感到不高兴。故答案为She thought the park was blocking their way. She didn’t like the park at all.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Jake wanted to find out what it was in the park, but his mother said he had a lot to do in the school and she was too busy to walk in the park.(杰克想知道公园里有什么，但他的妈妈说他在学校有很多事情要做，她太忙了，没有时间在公园里散步)”可知，杰克的妈妈一开始拒绝去公园是因为她很忙，而且杰克在学校有很多事要做。故答案为Because she said she was busy and Jake had a lot to do in the school.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Suddenly, he saw something shoot up from out of the trees.(突然，他看见有什么东西从树林里蹿了出来)”可知，公园里突然出现的东西引起了杰克的注意，而不仅仅是树木。故答案为The trees in the park attracted Jake on his way to the school and asked his mother to walk in the park. According to the passage, something shoot up in the park caught Jake’s attention instead of simply trees.
【43题详解】
开放性问题，言之成理皆可。故答案为I think we should slow down sometimes in our life. For example, when I was busy working for the exams, I felt very stressed and sometimes I even became ill. Instead, when I began to slow down and learn to enjoy the beautiful things around, I felt relaxed and do things more effectively.
第二节（20分）
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Knowing that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you.
My favorite sport is basketball. As a high school student, I live a busy and stressful life and playing basketball helps me relax my body and relieve tension. Besides, playing basketball provides me a valuable chance to connect with others and learn from them, which benefits me a lot.
When playing basketball, I also pay attention to such aspects as warming up before playing, wearing sportswear and so on. These tips keep me from getting hurt in the game.
This is my favorite sport. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim回邮件，介绍你最喜欢的运动项目，要点包括： 1. 你最喜欢的运动；2. 你喜欢该运动的原因；3. 做该运动时的注意事项。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
紧张的：stressful→strained
减轻：relieve→ease
另外：besides→moreover
机会：chance→opportunity
2 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you.
拓展句：Because I know that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, playing basketball provides me a valuable chance to connect with others and learn from them, which benefits me a lot. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2022北京昌平高一（上）期末
英 语
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Those Shoes
Every time I walked to school in the past, there they were in the shop window, looking at me. Those perfect, perfect ___1___, with perfect, perfect design. Everyone who ___2___ had them, from the cheerleaders to the headmaster to the football stars.
Every time I asked Grandma if I could get them, she said the ___3___ answer. Those words are now etched (刻) into my mind, as if with a knife. “You have to buy them with your own money,” she told me. “We don’t have ___4___ for wants in this family. You know that, Gabriella.”
So I tried to ___5___ money. What I tried was dog walking. It always seemed so ___6___ in the movies. I picked up a Great Dane named Tiny, a Pomeranian named Snowflake, a Husky named Tulip, and a Yorkie named Flex. It didn’t go quite as planned. Tiny scared Snowflake, and she wound her leash (拴狗链) around Tulip, and in the end Flex was the only dog staying calm. ___7___ dog walking was hard and tiring, at least I made some money.
I walked to the shop with my best friend, Winnie. When we got there, I finally ___8___ that I didn’t really want those shoes. I just wanted to be like everyone else! I decided to get ___9___ I really wanted.
I named my new pet turtle Cashy, to _____10_____ all the hard work and money it took to buy her.
1. A. windows B. shoes C. stars D. clothes
2. A. mattered B. worked C. stopped D. appeared
3. A. serious B. short C. right D. same
4. A. room B. energy C. time D. reason
5. A. borrow B. spend C. count D. earn
6. A. special B. popular C. easy D. different
7. A. If B. Though C. Since D. Once
8. A. accepted B. remembered C. realised D. reported
9. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
10. A. pay off B. deal with C. stand for D. make up
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When Zhang Tian arrived at the small country, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes. The school was much ____11____ (small) than he had expected, with only three classrooms. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground ____12____ got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. ____13____ (live) in the village was also more challenging than he had thought.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China ____14____ my host family. Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house ____15____ (clean) from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, ____16____ (happy) arrives. The character looked really cool.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The first simple 2D avatars ____17____ (appear) in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars ____18____ (have) such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats like instant messenger. When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power ____19____ (create) new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex, and call ____20____ (they) “Andy” instead of “Anna”!
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Astonishing Science, Fantastic Museum
The Science Museum in London is one of the top ten tourist attractions in the UK, with 1.6 million visitors a year. It shows science, technology, medicine and industry in an exciting, informative and relaxing way. Here are some of its exhibitions (展览), most of which, like the museum itself, are free.
Who am I?
What makes you cleverer than a chimpanzee (黑猩猩)? What makes you smile? What makes you you? Find out in this fascinating exhibition. Discover what your voice sounds like as a member of the opposite sex, and watch your face change as you are aging!
Collider
Come on a journey inside the world’s greatest scientific experiment ever. Deep under the border (边界) between France and Switzerland lies CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Ten thousand men and women from around the world have created the LHC, which is discovering the secrets of our universe. Be amazed by the science, see history being made! Adult tickets are £10 and teenagers under 16 pay £7.
Launchpad
This exhibition room has over fifty interactive objects from the wonderful world of physics. At Icy Bodies you can watch carbon dioxide (CO2) turn from a solid (固体) into a gas. On the Light Table you can bounce light about with mirrors, and break it into rainbows.
3D: printing the future
This surprising exhibition shows how 3D printers are turning computer data into physical objects. Explore the future of industry and medicine — and will 3D printing change your shopping experience?
Online science
This is a virtual part of the museum and it’s free to everyone online. Go to http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/games.aspx and play fascinating games like Ouch (fighting pain!) Futurecade (can science save humanity?) and Launchball (slide, bounce and jump your way through 30 levels!).
21. In “Who am I?”, you can find out_______.
A. who the cleverest man is
B. what your smile brings to you
C. how to make your voice sound better
D. how your face changes as you get older
22. If you want to try doing experiments in physics, which exhibition is the best for you?
A. Collider. B. Launchpad.
C. 3D: printing the future. D. Online science.
23. If you take your 7-year-old twins to the Collider, how much do you need to pay?
A. £10. B. £17. C. £24. D. £27.
B
How far would you go to help a friend? Jeremy Savage and Ian Marshall had their friendship tested to the limit on a recent trip to the Rocky Mountains with their parents.
On Saturday morning, the two boys decided to climb a mountain nearby on their own. After three hours, they reached the top and enjoyed the beautiful view from the mountaintop.
However, trouble began when they started the climb down. On one very dangerous part of the mountain, Ian fell three metres off the side of the path. Jeremy climbed down to where Ian was and found him badly injured and not able to move. Jeremy had to decide what to do. He needed help but he did not want to leave his friend. He cleaned the dirt and blood from Ian’s face and hands, and then tried to help Ian stand up, but Ian’s right leg was hurting too much. They had to wait and hope that help would come.
Meanwhile, as darkness started to fall, their parents back at the campsite became very worried about the boys. They called park workers and began searching for the boys.
While waiting for help, Jeremy gave Ian his food and let him lie on his jacket. As the evening grew darker and the temperature dropped, Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave. He thought it was too dangerous for Ian to be alone on such a cold windy night. Jeremy used his jacket to keep Ian warm and they rested together through the night.
At sunrise, Jeremy decided that the only way to help his friend was to carry him down the mountain. So, they started the long climb back to the campsite. Jeremy carried Ian on his back. Finally, after four long and tiring hours, they came across their relieved parents, who were still looking for them on the mountain. “I will always remember what Jeremy did for me,” said Ian afterwards. “He saved my life. That is the greatest thing that a person can do for his friend.”
24. What happened when Jeremy and Ian started the climb down?
A. They lost their way.
B. The weather turned bad.
C. Ian fell and got injured.
D. They ran out of their food.
25. When the evening came, Jeremy decided to ______.
A. stay with his friend
B. call the park workers
C. go back to the campsite
D. search for a place to rest
26. What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Their parents met them at the campsite.
B. Jeremy carried Ian on his back to climb down.
C. Their parents helped them out of the trouble.
D. Jeremy and Ian waited for four hours to be saved.
27. What words can best describe Jeremy?
A. Trust-worthy. B. Honest. C. Confident. D. Hard-working.
C
Libraries around the world still hold copies of books printed hundreds of years ago. Will e-books still be used in hundreds of years’ time? Librarians are worried that digital information and digital books are already being lost. Technology is always changing, and even now, we cannot find the information typed in programs we used ten or fifteen years ago. Is digital data in danger of disappearing into a digital black hole?
Amazingly, we still have copies of the first published collection of William Shakespeare 536 plays The first Folio. That’s not bad for a book that’s nearly 500 years old. The folio was published in 1623. Around 800 copies were printed and 234 known copies still can be found today.
Books are quite easy to store. They hold a large amount of information in a small space. Most importantly, we don’t need any special equipment to open them. But what about the digital books stored on your computer now? Will people be able to read them in 800, 500 or even 10 years’ time?
Technology moves fast. The digital books we saved on some special equipment ten or twenty years ago can’t be opened now. We can’t open them on our 21st century laptops. What about all your digital photographs? Every second, thousands of them are uploaded to social media. There is no physical copy. What will happen to them? Will they be lost in a few years’ time? Now you save them in .jpg or .tiff format (格式). In ten years’ time, there will be another form and another program to open your photos with. This new program will not be able to open your old .jpg or .tiff files. People have recognised this problem and there are now online sellers who will print physical photo albums of your Facebook posts.
When a website closes down, all the information on that website is removed. It’s gone forever. It has disappeared into the “digital black hole”. Organisations have understood this problem. In 2004, the British Library in the UK started to archive (存档) websites that are important culturally and academically for future generations, just like paper-based literature. In 2010, the US Library of Congress signed an agreement with Twitter to archive public Tweets sent by Americans. They have archived all public Tweets sent since the start of Twitter in 2006. That’s 400 million Tweets every day!
With all the amazing new digital technology today, we still have to rely on the centuries-old technology of printing. For now, it seems printed copies are still the safest way to store information.
28. The writer mentions Shakespeare’s work to show ______.
A. there are different ways to store books
B. Shakespeare has influence on printing books
C. printed books can be stored for a long time
D. the technology of printing has a long history
29. Why is digital data in danger of disappearing into a digital black hole?
A. There is no enough room to store digital data.
B. People prefer printed copies to digital data.
C. A new form of data will replace digital data.
D. Digital data may not be reached in the future.
30. What is the author’s attitude toward keeping the printed copies?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Unclear. D. Worried.
D
To deal with a big environmental problem, chemists have been thinking small. Really small. Their new tiny robot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic (塑料的) polluting waterways across the world.
Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (磁的) and shaped like stars. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions (化学反应) that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they catch it and start to break it down. When the lights go out, they let go and are free to be used again. In a new study, the scientists reported that these robots can either break down a piece of microplastic or hold onto it to be collected later.
Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague led the project. He studies ways to build microrobots. He says: “Let’s make them do something useful.”
Pumera chose to center on the problem caused by microplastics. It’s a big problem. These are tiny bits of plastic, usually no wider than the top of a pencil eraser. And they’re everywhere — from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice at the top of mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water, both bottled and tap water. Some studies found that too many pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. Plastic doesn’t easily degrade (分解) or fall apart. That’s always been one of its study points.
Pumera says his final goal is to make cheap and environmentally-friendly robots that can be used anywhere in the world. He thought that at first they might be most useful in plants that treat wastewater. There they can remove plastic before it reaches open water.
In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers catch each of four different types of plastic. And after a week exposed (暴露) to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasn’t much — only by 3 percent. But that was a sign they were breaking the plastic down.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all.
The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a waste water-treatment plant.
31. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Microrobots. B. Stars. C. Pencils. D. Microplastics.
32. Paragraph 4 is mainly about _______.
A. the experiment carried out by Pumera
B. the functions that the microrobot holds
C. the places where microplastics usually turn up
D. the reason why Pumera invented the microrobot
33. According to the passage microrobots ______.
A. can break down plastics in the dark
B. prove to be most useful in open water
C. do no harm to the environment at present
D. need further testing before they are put into use
34. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To encourage people to find more solutions to pollutions.
B. To present a new way of breaking down microplastics.
C. To stress the importance of protecting the water.
D. To explain a serious environmental problem.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress
If you’re living with high levels of stress, you’re putting your health and happiness at risk. Stress does harm to your health. It may seem like there’s nothing you can do about stress. _____35_____ The following stress management tips can help you do that.
Get moving
When you’re stressed, the last thing you probably feel like doing is getting up and exercising. _____36_____ You don’t have to be an athlete or spend hours in a gym to experience the benefits. Exercise releases endorphins that make you feel good, and it can also serve as a valuable distraction from your daily worries.
Connect to others
There is nothing more calming than spending quality time with another human being who makes you feel safe and understood. So make it a point to connect regularly — and in person — with family and friends. Keep in mind that the people you talk to don’t have to be able to fix your stress. _____37_____. And try not to let worries about looking weak keep you from opening up. The people who care about you will be happy because of your trust. It will only strengthen your relationship.
_____38_____
When you’re worn out by your morning traffic, or stuck in a stressful meeting at work, you need a way to manage your stress levels right now. The fastest way to reduce stress is by taking a deep breath and using your senses — what you see, hear, taste, and touch — or through a comfortable movement. By viewing a favorite photo, smelling a specific smell, listening to a favorite piece of music, tasting sweets, or hugging a pet, for example, you can quickly relax and focus yourself.
Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. But stress management is not one-size-fits-all. _____39_____
A. Take control of your own life.
B. Learn to relieve stress in the moment.
C. They simply need to be good listeners.
D. But physical activity is a huge stress reliever.
E. But you have a lot more control than you might think.
F. That’s why it’s important to experiment and find out what works best for you.
G. While it’s not easy to avoid all stress, Learning about it can help you avoid unnecessary stress.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第40, 41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Take Time
It was Tuesday morning and Jake’s mother was driving him to school. As usual, they were driving down busy Fortieth Street. Jake’s mother was driving as fast as the speed limit and traffic allowed. Jake sat in the back seat, daydreaming as he looked out the window. They were passing a city park, and it flew past him quickly. “That park is blocking (阻挡) our way,” Jake’s mother said unhappily. “If I could drive right through it, we’d be at school in no time, but I have to drive all the way around it.”
The next day, as usual, Jake’s mother was driving him to school. Jake was looking out the window. Suddenly, he saw something shoot up from out of the trees. Just as quickly, it disappeared. At least, he thought he saw something, but they had speeded by so quickly that he was uncertain.
The following day, once again Jake and his mother were on their way to school. This time, Jake paid special attention as they passed the park. Tree after tree rushed by, when — there! There it was again! Jake wanted to find out what it was in the park, but his mother said he had a lot to do in the school and she was too busy to walk in the park. Jake begged his mother and she finally agreed to go and see it on the weekend!
On Saturday morning, Jake and his mother finally walked into the park and down a wooded path. Approaching (接近) the middle of the park, they discovered a large and lovely water fountain(喷泉). Every so often, it would shoot a burst of water high into the air. “Mom, this is what I saw shooting up out of the park on our way to school!” Jake said excitedly.
Jake’s mother smiled happily. “What an enjoyable walk! Let’s come here more often,” she suggested. “In fact, we don’t always have to drive to school. Let’s walk to school when the weather is nice, and we can walk through this park on our way.”
“Sure!” Jake happily agreed.
40. What did Jake’s mother think of the park on Tuesday morning?
41 Why did Jake’s mother refuse to go to the park at first?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The trees in the park attracted Jake on his way to school and he asked his mother to walk in the park.
43. Do you think you should slow down in your life sometimes? Please share your opinions and explain. (In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是高一学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim正在做有关高中生最喜爱的运动的调查，写邮件向你询问你最喜欢的运动项目，请你根据以下提示给他回邮件。
要点： 1. 你最喜欢的运动；
2. 你喜欢该运动的原因；
3. 做该运动时的注意事项。
注意：1. 词数在100字左右；
2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者一开始很想买一双球鞋，但是奶奶告诉他必须自己挣钱买，于是作者通过遛狗打工挣钱，终于赚到了钱，最后发现自己其实并不喜欢，于是买了一只乌龟用来纪念自己付出的努力。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：完美的鞋子，完美的设计。A. windows橱窗；B. shoes鞋子；C. stars明星；D. clothes衣服。根据下文“When we got there, I finally ___8___ that I didn’t really want those shoes.”可知，此处指橱窗里的鞋子。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个重要的人都有它们，从啦啦队长到校长再到足球明星。A. mattered要紧；重要；B. worked工作、起作用；C. stopped停止；D. appeared出现。根据后面的“from the cheerleaders to the headmaster to the football stars”可知，这里指“重要的人”，mattered符合语境。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我问奶奶我能不能买到，她都说同样的答案。A. serious严肃的、严重的；B. short短的；C. right正确的；D. same同样的。根据后面的“Those words are now etched into my mind”可知，刻到脑子里说明经常说同样的话。same符合语境。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们家没有满足欲望的空间。A. room房间、空间；B. energy能量；C. time时间；D. reason理由、原因。根据前面的“You have to buy them with your own money”可知，是因为家里没钱，所以让作者自己赚钱买。room表示“空间”，符合语境。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我试着去赚钱。A. borrow借；B. spend花费；C. count计数；D. earn赚得。根据前面的“You have to buy them with your own money”可知，因为家里没钱，所以作者要自己赚钱买鞋子。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在电影里看起来总是那么容易。A. special特别的；B. popular流行的；C. easy简单的；D. different不同的。根据后面的“It didn’t go quite as planned.”可知，遛狗其实并不简单，结合前面的“It always seemed so ___6___ in the movies.”可知，这里指电影里看上去很简单，easy符合语境。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然遛狗很辛苦很累，但至少我赚了一些钱。A. If如果；B. Though尽管；C. Since自从、由于；D. Once一旦。根据后面的“dog walking was hard and tiring, at least I made some money”可知，遛狗很难很累，但至少赚到了一些钱，前后存在让步关系，用though。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们到了那里，我终于意识到我并不是真的想要那双鞋。A. accepted接受；B. remembered记住；C. realised意识到；D. reported报告。由下文“I didn’t really want those shoes.”可知，作者到了店门口后，发现自己不喜欢那些鞋子了，应用“意识到”，realised符合语境。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：我决定去买我真正想要的东西。A. something一些东西；B. anything任何东西；C. everything所有东西；D. nothing没有东西。由下文“I really wanted”可知，这里指买一些自己真正想要的东西，something符合语境。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：我给我的新宠物龟起名为凯西，以代表买它所付出的努力和金钱。A. pay off付清；B. deal with解决；C. stand for代表、象征；D. make up组成、弥补。根据后面的“all the hard work and money it took to buy her”可知，给这只乌龟取名凯西，代表为了买它付出的努力和金钱，stand for符合语境。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
【答案】11. smaller
12. which/that
13. Living
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是张天对刚到的农村的印象。
【11题详解】
考查比较级。句意：这所学校比他预想的要小得多，只有三个教室。由than可知，空格处用比较级smaller，故填smaller。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：教室前面有一个操场，刮风的时候尘土飞扬，下雨天泥泞不堪。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词playground是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
【13题详解】
考查动名词。句意：村子里的生活也比他想象的更有挑战性。空格处用动名词living作主语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Living。
【答案】14. with
15. was cleaned
16. happiness
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国过春节的经历和感受。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：这是我第一次和寄宿家庭在中国过春节。分析句子结构和句意可知，此处需用介词with“和……”，表示和寄宿制家庭过春节。故填with。
【15题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：首先，房子被彻底打扫了一遍。由文章前一句谓语动词began 和空后was可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情；又因house与clean之间是被动关系，所以空处需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数，故填was cleaned。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们相信，当“福”被倒贴时，“幸福”就会到来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作主语；happy的名词为happiness“幸福”，不可数名词。故填happiness。
【答案】17. appeared
18. would have
19. to create
20. themselves
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了虚拟化身广泛的形式和用途。
【17题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：20世纪80年代，第一个简单的2D化身出现在角色扮演电脑游戏中。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据时间状语in the 1980s判断此处应用一般过去时态。故填appeared。
【18题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。主句的谓语动词knew是一般过去时，根据句意可知，宾语从句that future avatars ____2____ (have) such a wide variety of forms and uses表示“未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途”，故应用过去将来时。故填would have。
【19题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：当人们开始创建自己的化身时，他们发现他们将有能力创建与真实自我完全不同的新身份。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。不定式常用于“have+the+抽象名词”结构中作后置定语。故填to create。
【20题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他们可以给自己的化身穿上奇装异服，或者他们可以试着做一个异性，把自己叫做“安迪”而不是“安娜”！分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词。根据句意，句子主语是“他们”，宾语也是“他们”，当主语和宾语相同时，宾语应用反身代词。they的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国五个各具特色的科学博物馆。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Who am I?部分的“watch your face change as you are aging(观察你的脸随着年龄的增长而变化)”可知，在Who am I，你可以找出随着年龄的增长，你的脸会发生什么变化，故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Launchpad部分的“This exhibition room has over fifty interactive objects from the wonderful world of physics.(这个展览室有五十多件来自奇妙的物理世界的互动物品。)”可知，如果你想尝试做物理实验，Launchpad最适合你，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Collider部分的“Adult tickets are £10 and teenagers under 16 pay £7.(成人票10英镑，16岁以下青少年7英镑。)”可知，如果你带你7岁的双胞胎去Collider需要付的钱是£10+2*£7=£24，故选C。
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描写Jeremy 和Ian与父母攀登时，Ian不幸受伤了，Jeremy不离不弃地陪着他。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“On one very dangerous part of the mountain, Ian fell three metres off the side of the path. Jeremy climbed down to where Ian was and found him badly injured and not able to move. (在山上一个非常危险的地方，Ian从小径边上摔了三米。杰里米爬到伊恩所在的地方，发现他受了重伤，无法动弹。)”可知，Ian掉下来摔倒了。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As the evening grew darker and the temperature dropped, Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents but Jeremy still did not leave. (随着夜色渐暗，气温下降，Ian告诉Jeremy离开他，回到父母身边，但Jeremy仍然没有离开。)”可知，Jeremy留下来陪受伤的Ian。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, they started the long climb back to the campsite. Jeremy carried Ian on his back. (于是，他们开始了漫长的攀登，回到营地。)”可知，Jeremy背着伊恩下山。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第2 题和第3 题解析可知，Ian受伤之后，Jeremy不离不弃，可见Ian是一个很值得信任的人。故选A。
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是数字黑洞，今天我们可以使用所有令人惊叹的新数字技术，但我们仍然必须依赖数百年的印刷技术来保存它们，这是最安全的方式。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Amazingly, we still have copies of the first published collection of William Shakespeare 536 plays The first Folio. That’s not bad for a book that’s nearly 500 years old. The folio was published in 1623. Around 800 copies were printed and 234 known copies still can be found today.(令人惊讶的是，我们仍然保存着威廉·莎士比亚第一次出版的536部戏剧《第一对开本》的副本。对于一本有近500年历史的书来说，这已经很不错了。这本对开本于1623年出版。大约有800本被印刷出来，至今仍能找到234本)”可知，作者提到了莎士比亚的作品是为了说明印刷书籍可以存放很长时间。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“This new program will not be able to open your old .jpg or .tiff files.(这个新程序将无法打开旧的jpg或tiff文件)”可知，数字数据有消失在数字黑洞的危险是因为未来可能无法接触到数字数据。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For now, it seems printed copies are still the safest way to store information.(目前看来，打印副本仍然是最安全的存储信息的方式)”可知，作者对保留印刷本的态度是支持的。故选B。
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的微型机器人，它可以帮助清理世界各地污染水道的微小塑料碎片。
【31题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Each new microrobot is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. They are magnetic (磁的) and shaped like stars. (每一个新的微型机器人都还没有削尖的铅笔尖大。它们具有磁性，形状像星星。)”以及划线单词前的“When sunlight hits them, (当阳光照射到它们时，)”和下文的“produce chemical reactions (化学反应) that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they catch it and start to break it down. (会产生化学反应，推动它们朝特定的方向穿过水。当他们发现一块塑料时，他们会抓住它并开始分解它。)”可知，they指的是微型机器人。故选A。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Pumera chose to center on the problem caused by microplastics. It’s a big problem. These are tiny bits of plastic, usually no wider than the top of a pencil eraser. And they’re everywhere — from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice at the top of mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water, both bottled and tap water. Some studies found that too many pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. Plastic doesn’t easily degrade (分解) or fall apart. That’s always been one of its study points. (Pumera公司选择关注微塑料造成的问题。这是个大问题。这些是微小的塑料碎片，通常没有铅笔橡皮的顶部宽。它们无处不在——从海底到山顶吹到冰上的空气。瓶装水和自来水中都有。一些研究发现，世界水域中有太多的塑料碎片。塑料不容易降解或分解。这一直是它的研究重点之一。)”可知，本段主要解释了Pumera为什么发明微型机器人。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all.(事实上，Pumera说他们还有很长的路要走。塑料有很多种。即使是这些微型机器人也不可能成功地将它们全部降解。)”可推断，微型机器人还有很长的路要走。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To deal with a big environmental problem, chemists have been thinking small. Really small. Their new tiny robot has one purpose: to help clean up tiny bits of plastic (塑料的) polluting waterways across the world. (为了解决大的环境问题，化学家们一直在考虑小的问题。很小。他们新的微型机器人只有一个目的：帮助清理世界各地污染水道的微小塑料碎片。)”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍了一种分解塑料的新方法。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何减少、预防和应对压力。
【35题详解】
空前说“Stress does harm to your health. It may seem like there’s nothing you can do about stress.(压力对健康有害。似乎你对压力无能为力。)”，空后说“The following stress management tips can help you do that.(下面的压力管理技巧可以帮助你做到这一点。)”，说明压力是人可以控制的，E选项“But you have a lot more control than you might think.(但你对压力的控制比你想象的要大得多。)”说明了人是可以控制压力的，承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【36题详解】
空后说“You don’t have to be an athlete or spend hours in a gym to experience the benefits. Exercise releases endorphins that make you feel good, and it can also serve as a valuable distraction from your daily worries.(你不需要成为一名运动员或花几个小时在健身房体验这些好处。运动可以释放内啡肽，让你感觉良好，它也可以让你不受日常担忧的干扰。)”，这说明体育锻炼对控制压力有用，D选项“But physical activity is a huge stress reliever.(但体育活动是一种巨大的减压方式。)”说明了体育活动可以控制压力，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
空前说“So make it a point to connect regularly—and in person—with family and friends. Keep in mind that the people you talk to don’t have to be able to fix your stress.(所以一定要与家人和朋友保持定期的联系，甚至是面对面的联系。请记住，与你交谈的人不一定能缓解你的压力。)”，C选项“They simply need to be good listeners.(他们只是需要成为好的倾听者。)”中的They指代的是前面的“family and friends”，说明了朋友和家人对我们的帮助，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
空格处是本段小标题，根据空格下方的“When you’re worn out by your morning traffic, or stuck in a stressful meeting at work, you need a way to manage your stress levels right now.(当你被早上的交通搞得筋疲力尽，或者被工作会议搞得很紧张时，你现在就需要一种方法来管理你的压力水平。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会尽快释放压力，B选项“Learn to relieve stress in the moment.(学会在当下释放压力。)”概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选B。
【39题详解】
空前说“Effective stress management helps you break the hold stress has on your life, so you can be happier, healthier, and more productive. But stress management is not one-size-fits-all.(有效的压力管理可以帮助你打破压力对你生活的束缚，这样你就可以更快乐、更健康、更有效率。但是压力管理并不是一刀切的。)”，说明要找出最适合自己的方法，F选项“That’s why it’s important to experiment and find out what works best for you.(这就是为什么要实验并找出最适合你的方法很重要的原因。)”说明了要找出最适合自己的方法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
【答案】40. She thought the park was blocking their way. She didn’t like the park at all.
41. Because she said she was busy and Jake had a lot to do in the school.
42. The trees in the park attracted Jake on his way to the school and asked his mother to walk in the park.
According to the passage, something shoot up in the park caught Jake’s attention instead of simply trees.
43. I think we should slow down sometimes in our life. For example, when I was busy working for the exams, I felt very stressed and sometimes I even became ill. Instead, when I began to slow down and learn to enjoy the beautiful things around, I felt relaxed and do things more effectively.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了杰克坐妈妈的车去上学要经过一个公园，杰克多次看公园里有什么东西中树梢飞出，但他不确定那是什么。在他的再三要求下，一个周末妈妈带着他去一探究竟，结果发现那是森林中的一个喷泉。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“‘That park is blocking (阻挡) our way,’ Jake’s mother said unhappily.(‘那个公园挡住了我们的路，’杰克的妈妈不高兴地说)可知，星期二早上，妈妈觉得公园挡了她们的路，感到不高兴。故答案为She thought the park was blocking their way. She didn’t like the park at all.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Jake wanted to find out what it was in the park, but his mother said he had a lot to do in the school and she was too busy to walk in the park.(杰克想知道公园里有什么，但他的妈妈说他在学校有很多事情要做，她太忙了，没有时间在公园里散步)”可知，杰克的妈妈一开始拒绝去公园是因为她很忙，而且杰克在学校有很多事要做。故答案为Because she said she was busy and Jake had a lot to do in the school.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Suddenly, he saw something shoot up from out of the trees.(突然，他看见有什么东西从树林里蹿了出来)”可知，公园里突然出现的东西引起了杰克的注意，而不仅仅是树木。故答案为The trees in the park attracted Jake on his way to the school and asked his mother to walk in the park. According to the passage, something shoot up in the park caught Jake’s attention instead of simply trees.
【43题详解】
开放性问题，言之成理皆可。故答案为I think we should slow down sometimes in our life. For example, when I was busy working for the exams, I felt very stressed and sometimes I even became ill. Instead, when I began to slow down and learn to enjoy the beautiful things around, I felt relaxed and do things more effectively.
第二节（20分）
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Knowing that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you.
My favorite sport is basketball. As a high school student, I live a busy and stressful life and playing basketball helps me relax my body and relieve tension. Besides, playing basketball provides me a valuable chance to connect with others and learn from them, which benefits me a lot.
When playing basketball, I also pay attention to such aspects as warming up before playing, wearing sportswear and so on. These tips keep me from getting hurt in the game.
This is my favorite sport. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim回邮件，介绍你最喜欢的运动项目，要点包括： 1. 你最喜欢的运动；2. 你喜欢该运动的原因；3. 做该运动时的注意事项。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
紧张的：stressful→strained
减轻：relieve→ease
另外：besides→moreover
机会：chance→opportunity
2 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you.
拓展句：Because I know that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you want to learn about my favorite sport, I’d like to share it with you. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, playing basketball provides me a valuable chance to connect with others and learn from them, which benefits me a lot. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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