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2022北京怀柔高一（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2022北京怀柔高一（上）期末英语（教师版），共16页。试卷主要包含了 本试卷共10页，分为三部分， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京怀柔高一（上）期末
英 语
注意事项：
1. 本试卷共10页，分为三部分。考试时间90分钟，试卷满分100分。
2. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3. 答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。
4. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
5. 考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___.
When I first arrived in the Czech Republic (捷克) four years ago, I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.
At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most popular ___5___ in the world. As I lacked (缺少) ___6___ of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew.
The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident.
In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. “One student, she is from China with only three years of learning Czech, she ____10____.”
My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready.
1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. custom
2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student
3. A. finishing B. canceling C. examining D. preparing
4. A. value B. ability C. challenge D. benefit
5. A. places B. music C. songs D. languages
6. A. knowledge B. letter C. luck D. magazine
7. A. money B. fear C. confidence D. worry
8. A. sad B. troubled C. terrible D. encouraged
9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. missed
10. A. got away B. broke down C. made it D. calmed down
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My husband was looking___11___our two little nieces. They started crying when my husband cooked lunch. He ran into the room and___12___(see) a small scorpion(蝎子), so my husband picked it up. The older girl said, "Girls can't deal with it." My husband told her, "you never have to be afraid of something only because you’re a gin. You are as smart and strong as any boy.” He held the scorpion's tail with his___13___(finger). The girl asked to hold it. So my husband put it on her hands while he held the tail. She was so proud of___14___(her) that she talked about it until she went to sleep.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yoga makes you feel___15___( relax) and you feel all “at one" with your body. Smith Farm is now offering people the chance ___16___(do) their daily yoga with goats. In fact, the goats don't actually take part in the yoga. They are more for moral support(精神支持), preventing you from getting bred. "It is a wonderful experience,” says Smith, “It may sound silly but it's truly getting outside in nature with beautiful scenery and lovely animals around you. Animals can ___17___(real) help humans deal with stress, illness or sadness.”
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It is easy and very powerful to be kind to those who are kind to you. Yet, to experience the full power of your sincere kindness, offer it to people ___18___ are careless and rude to you. Sure, it is difficult to forgive those who are hurtful lo you. But the way to stop the hurt is by refusing to participate in it. Forgiveness gives you the upper hand. Be the one who is strong, who ___19___(stop) the rudeness. Put the power of kindness ___20___ forgiveness to work for you and your world.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans. You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who _____.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Tune-in, you can _____.
A. take writing classes B. listen to songs
C. learn about the latest books D. watch news programs
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ChannelTwenty.
C. Tune-in. D. ScienceZone.
24. The author writes the passage to _____.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design(设计) websites
C encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare(比较) different websites for teenagers
B
Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting (运送) and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.
Anurudh Ganesan, 17, knows this firsthand. When he was a baby in India, his grandparents carried him 10 miles to a health clinic in a remote village to receive a vaccine. But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.
Vaccines, Anurudh later learned, must be kept cool to stay effective. But refrigerating (冷藏) them requires electricity (电) or ice—valuable things that many developing countries lack (缺少).
Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激发) him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (轻便的) vaccine-carrying device (装置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.
Anurudh first got his idea for Vaxxwagon in 2014. He read several textbooks to learn everything he could about refrigeration, and then he did research online to learn more about vaccines. Rather than depending on electricity or ice, Anurudh worked out a way to use wheels to power a refrigeration system for about eight hours. The entire rechargeable (可再充电的) cooling system can be pulled to areas in need of vaccines by a bicycle, a car, or an animal. Eventually, Anurudh took his design to professors at Johns Hopkins University for advice. Not only did they think Vaxxwagon could work, but they offered him funding to help build it.
Anurudh was rewarded with the 2015 Google Science Fair LEGO Education Builder Award for his invention. Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.
Anurudh, who plans to pursue engineering degree in college, says, “Don’t give up on your ideas. But always try to help others with your projects. That’s the point of engineering—to help people.”
25. Why do many children die every year?
A. They lack excellent medical teams. B. They can not afford usable medicines.
C. They don’t have an electricity system. D. They have no chance to get usable vaccines.
26. What is special about Vaxxwagon?
A. It is a device with cooling system. B. It can produce safe vaccines.
C. It can find deadly diseases. D. It can be a means of transport.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Anurudh?
A. Caring and creative (有创造力). B. Clever but lazy.
C. Determined and independent. D. Honest and hard—working.
28. What can we learn from the story?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. All roads lead to Rome.
C. Motivation(动力)is the mother of success.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
C
How to Make Friends, According to Science
Friendship is one of life’s most important features, and one too often taken for granted.
The human wish for companionship (交往) may be no end, but research suggests that our social capital (资本) is finite (有限的)—we can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. Social scientists have used some creative approaches to measure the size of people’s social networks; these have returned estimates (估计) ranging from about 250 to about 5,500 people. Looking more specifically at friendship, a study using the exchange of Christmas cards to test closeness put the average person’s friend group at about 121 people. However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. The average American trusts only 10 to 20 people. Moreover, that number may become smaller: From 1998 to 2017, the average (平均的) number of trusted friends decreased (减少) from three to two. This is both sad and of important result, because people who have strong social relationships tend to live longer than those who don’t.
So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive. To begin with, don’t refuse to consider the ordinary acquaintance (交情). Even interacting with people with whom one has weak social ties has a meaningful influence on well—being. Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to casual friend, an additional 40 hours to become a “real” friend, and a total of 200 hours to become a close friend.
If that sounds like too much effort, renewing inactive social ties can be especially rewarding. Reconnected friends can quickly get back the trust they built before, while offering each other a dash of novelty(新奇)drawn from whatever they’ve been up to in the meantime. And if all else fails, you could start randomly to tell secrets to people you don’t know that well. Self-disclosure (自我表露) makes us more likable, and as a bonus, we are more likely to favor those to whom we have revealed our soul.
Longing for closeness and connection is common and everywhere, which suggests that most of us are stumbling (跌跌撞撞) through the world, expecting companionship that could be easily provided by the lonesome stumblers all around us. So set aside this article, turn to someone nearby, and try to make a friend.
29. From Paragraph 2, we can know that ______.
A. a strong social relationship means a long life
B. real friendships are based on the exchange of presents
C. people’s inner circle becomes smaller
D. people’s social networks depend on their wish for companionship
30. What does the author suggest to improve one’s social life?
A. Sharing secrets with close friends. B. Choosing likable people as friends.
C. Avoiding the ordinary acquaintance. D. Spending time for deeper friendships.
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The tips on how to develop friendship.
B. The reasons for seeking companionship.
C. The benefits brought by a good social life.
D. The relationship between friendship and happiness.
D
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to think what life would look like without cars. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.
Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
32. How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article?
A. Four. B. Three.
C. Two. D. One.
33. If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious problem to American workers is ______.
A. to have no work to do B. to keep the air clean
C. to get a better life D. to go to work by bike
34. What is the conclusion (结论) of the writer?
A. Bicycling is the only way out.
B. The number of cars must be cut down.
C. Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.
D. Cars bring us not only a better life but serious problems.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How old is “old”?
How old is “old”? ___35___ More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span (长度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.
So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived. ___36___
Once an unknown author wrote, “Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years. ___37___”
___38___ Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”
There are many wrong ideas about aging. ___39___ Here are some of the more common ones. For example, most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.
A. Old is a point of view.
B. It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.
C. The answer has changed over the years.
D. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.
E. Older people are stubborn, unable to change.
F. People grow old by giving up their goals.
G. These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）
阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。请将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。
Most cultures have a festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way. There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.
The Jewish Festival of Light is called Hanukkah. Hanukkah usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a very long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the war, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.
Lanterns are another form of light. In China, lanterns are famous works of art. The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns. Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. The lanterns are made in many shapes, sizes and colours. They are usually made from silk, paper and plastic. Some are even made from ice. It is believed that these lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families, young and old to spend together. Every New Year the wish is the same—peace and happiness to all.
40. What’s the same with the festivals of light in different cultures? (不超过11个单词)
41. Why do the Jewish light a new candle every night during the festival? (不超过12个单词)
42. What festival brings an end to the new year season? (不超过5个单词)
43. What is the purpose of this article? (不超过8个单词)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是李华，你的英国好友Jim对中国的元宵节感兴趣，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 元宵节的时间及庆祝活动；
2. 节日意义并期待与他共度。
提示词（供参考）：元宵：sticky rice balls；灯谜：lantern riddles；庙会temple fairs
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在捷克努力学习，最终通过考试的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最大的一次考试肯定是我的高中毕业考试。A. speech演讲；B. exam考试；C. present礼物；D. custom习俗。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through”和下文“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最大的挑战是毕业考试。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年前，当我第一次来到捷克共和国时，我只是一个只会说英语的普通交换生。A. teacher老师；B. expert专家；C. engineer工程师；D. student学生。根据“I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.”可知，作者是个学生。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在为期一年的交换项目结束时，我萌生了在那里完成高中学业的想法。A. finishing完成；B. canceling取消；C. examining检查；D. preparing准备。根据下文“But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language”可知，作者想要在那里完成高中学业。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我没有意识到用捷克语完成学业的挑战，捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。A. value价值；B. ability能力；C. challenge挑战；D. benefit益处。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through.”可知，此处是信息词challenge的词汇复现。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. places地点；B. music音乐；C. songs歌曲；D. languages语言。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代Czech language，此处表示捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我缺乏某些学科的知识，我得到了最差的分数，周围的人怀疑我是否能毕业。A. knowledge知识；B. letter信；C. luck运气；D. magazine杂志。根据下文“I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate.”可知，作者由于缺乏某些学科知识，导致成绩差，不知能否毕业。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我可以流利地与人交流，我的信心也增加了。A. money钱；B. fear害怕；C. confidence自信；D. worry担心。根据上文“However, I practiced all the time.”和下文“Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently”可知，作者的自信心加强了。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到一路上帮助和支持我的每一个人，我感到鼓舞和自信。A. sad难过的；B. troubled麻烦的；C. terrible可怕的；D. encouraged感到鼓舞的。根据“Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey”可知，作者受到许多支持者、帮助者的鼓舞。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在五月，我收到通知，我已经通过了考试。A. passed通过；B. failed失败；C. avoided避免；D. missed错过，思念。根据下文“At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone.”可知，作者收到考试通过的通知。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“有一个学生，她来自中国，只学了三年捷克语，她成功了。”A. got away离开；B. broke down分解，出故障；C. made it获得成功；D. calmed down冷静。根据“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最终通过了考试，获得了成功。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】11. after
12. saw 13. fingers
14. herself
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是“我”丈夫在照看两个小侄女时，因为一只小蝎子两个女孩哭叫起来，在丈夫的鼓励下，大侄女勇敢地尝试拿一下这只蝎子，她为自己感到骄傲，一直谈论到睡觉。
【11题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我丈夫正在照顾我们的两个小侄女。根据后文，我的丈夫跑进屋内查看发生了什么事情，可知丈夫是在照顾两个小侄女。look after照顾，是固定短语，故填after。
12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他跑进房间，看见一只小蝎子，所以我丈夫把它捡了起来。see和ran into是并列的谓语动词，因此应该使用一般过去时，故填saw。
【13题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他用手指握住蝎子的尾巴。根据常识判断，丈夫用手握住蝎子的尾巴，应该是使用不止一只手指，因此finger要使用复数形式，故填fingers。
【14题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：她为自己感到自豪，一直谈论到睡觉。侄女对“自己”感到很自豪，因此使用反身代词，故填herself。
【答案】15. relaxed
16. to do 17. really
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是每天与山羊一起做瑜伽，实际上是让你在自然环境中到处走走，欣赏周围美丽的风景和可爱的动物，以帮助人类应对压力，疾病或悲伤。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：瑜伽会让你感觉到放松。feel是联系动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，relax（放松）是动词，它的形容词是relaxed（放松的），故填relaxed。
【16题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这个农场现在提供人们和山羊一起做瑜伽的机会。chance（机会）后面用不定式短语作后置定语，chance to do表示“做某事的机会”，故填to do。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：动物真正地可以帮助人类处理压力、疾病或者是悲伤的情感。此处应该使用副词修饰动词help作状语，real（真的）是形容词，它的副词是really，故填really。
【答案】18. who/that
19. stops 20. and
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是友善的力量，发挥善意的力量为每个人服务。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，要体验你真诚的善意的全部力量，请将善意提供给对你粗心和无礼的人。people是定语从句的先行词，此处应该填入关系代词代替people在从句中作主语，故填who或that。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：做一个坚强，阻止粗鲁的人。根据第一个who引导的定语从句，可知第二个定语从句中的时态为一般现在时，并且who指代先行词the one在从句中作主语，谓语动词应为单数，故填stops。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：用善良和宽恕的力量为你服务。kindness（善良）和forgiveness（原谅）是并列的两个名词，故填and。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文，文章介绍了六个不同类型的网站。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据TeenPress网站的介绍“This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing.”可知，该网站是面对喜欢写作的青少年的。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tune-in网站的介绍“There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online.”可知，你可以在该网站上下载或在线收听歌曲。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据ScienceZone网站的介绍“You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams.”可知，如果想参观一些世界上最著名的博物馆，可以浏览ScienceZone网站。故选D项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者向青少年介绍了六个网站的内容，所以作者写这篇文章是为了向青少年介绍网站。故选A项。
【答案】25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anurudh Ganesan因为想要帮助孩子们都能获得疫苗，避免死亡，发明了Vaxxwagon，可以将疫苗运送到更远的地方。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting (运送) and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.( 每年，全世界有150万儿童因为没有接种疫苗而死亡。这在一定程度上是因为运输和储存药物在一些国家可能是一个巨大的挑战。)”和第二段“But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.(但是当他们到达的时候，疫苗已经不能再使用了，因为它们已经过热了。)”可知，每年都有许多儿童因为得不到有效的疫苗而死亡。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (轻便的) vaccine-carrying device (装置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.( 这名高中生发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置——Vaxxwagon。当救命的药物被送到世界各地的偏远地区时，这种装置可以自己产生能量，保持药物的低温。)”可知，Vaxxwagon的特殊之处在于它是一个带有冷却系统的装置，将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激发) him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (轻便的) vaccine-carrying device (装置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.(虽然Anurudh最终接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在婴儿时期的经历，以及其他许多孩子都没有这么幸运的悲惨现实，促使他采取行动。这名高中生发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置——Vaxxwagon。当救命的药物被送到世界各地的偏远地区时，这种装置可以自己产生能量，保持药物的低温。)”根据倒数第二段“ Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.”（阿努鲁德说，他的最终目标是开始向救援组织出售Vaxxwagon，这样它就可以用来帮助世界各地的人们。）可知，17岁的印度男孩Anurudh为拯救更多的人，发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置Vaxxwagon，这种装置可以自己产生能量，在将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区时，使其保持凉爽。由此可知，Anurudh是一个关心他人并且有创造力的人。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激发) him to take action.( 虽然Anurudh最终接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在婴儿时期的经历，以及其他许多孩子都没有这么幸运的悲惨现实，促使他采取行动。)”以及他最终发明了Vaxxwagon这个装置可知，动机是成功之母。故选C。
【答案】29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何根据科学交朋友。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller.（无论我们的人际网络有多大，我们的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，从第2段，我们可以知道人们的核心圈子变小了，故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time.（除此之外，建立更深厚的友谊在很大程度上可能需要投入时间。）”可知，作者建议通过花时间和人建立更深厚的友谊来改善一个人的社交生活，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是题目“How to Make Friends, According to Science（如何根据科学交朋友）”和第三段的“So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive.（那么，如果缺乏社交生活，你该怎么办？这里的研究很有启发性。）”可知，本文主要讲的是如何结交朋友，因此是关于关于如何发展友谊的建议，即The tips on how to develop friendship，故选A。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车会产生空气污染，和几个解决空气污染的方法。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute.(解决空气污染的一个办法是制造一辆不污染空气的汽车)”、文章第四段“Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else.(另一种方法是用别的东西代替汽车引擎)”以及文章第五段“To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live.(为了防止世界被汽车污染，我们必须在许多人的生活方式上做出一些改变)”可知，文章提到了“设计一辆新车”、“用其他东西代替汽车发动机”以及“改变我们许多人的生活方式”这三种摆脱空气污染的方法。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down.(如果汽车厂倒闭，大量工人可能会失业)”可知，如果汽车的数量减少，对美国工人来说最严重的问题就是没有工作可做。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.(尽管汽车让我们的生活更美好，但它们也给我们带来了新的问题)”可知，作者得出的结论是汽车不仅给我们带来了更好的生活，也带来了严重的问题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。
【35题详解】
空格前的“How old is “old”?（“老”是多少岁？）”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答，C选项“The answer has changed over the years.（多年来，答案一直在变化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的问题相承接，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
空格前说““You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻!”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。）”，接下来应说到自己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.（你的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Nobody grows old by living a number of years.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”，F选项“People grow old by giving up their goals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
空格后说“Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’（爱丽丝·布罗菲(Alice Brophy)在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时表示，“当人们说，‘哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻!）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Old is a point of view.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
空格前说“There are many wrong ideas about aging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“These ideas”指代前面的“wrong ideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）
【答案】40. The wish for peace and happiness in the world
41. To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night
42. The Lantern Festival
43. To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。许多文化中都有庆祝光明的节日，文章中介绍了犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节。
【40题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.”可知，各个文化中庆祝光明的节日有一点是相同的，也就是对于世界和平和福祉的祈愿。可以据此回答为：The wish for peace and happiness in the world。
【41题详解】
根据第二段倒数第二句“Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together.”可知，每晚点亮一支新蜡烛是为了保证在第八天晚上，全部八支蜡烛能齐亮。可以据此回答为：To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night。
【42题详解】
根据第三段第二、三句“The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15thday of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close.”可知，正是元宵节宣告了中国新年的结束。可以据此回答为：The Lantern Festival。
【43题详解】
根据文章首句“Most cultures have a festival of light.”并结合全文内容可知，该篇文章就是在以犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节为例，介绍不同文化中的庆祝光明的节日。可以据此回答为：To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
第二节（20分）
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Glad to know that you are interested in Chinese Lantern Festival. I am very happy to tell you something about it.
The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is highly valued by every Chinese family. On that day, streets and parks become a sea of lanterns. There will be some lantern riddles for guessing and amazing gifts for the winners. Going to temple fairs is another attractive activity, where people can experience traditional Chinese culture, such as watching folk dance, tasting delicious traditional snacks, and so on.
Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. The Lantern Festival is a wonderful time for people to be back home with their entire family. People always have sticky rice balls during this time, which is a symbol of a family gathering.
This year’s Festival is around the corner. I'm looking forward to your coming to celebrate it with us.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写信，邀请他参加元宵节庆祝活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy→delighted
告诉某人某事：tell sb. sth.=inform sb. of sth.
令人惊讶的：amazing→astonishing
吸引人的：attractive→appealing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On that day streets and parks become a sea of lanterns.
拓展句：On that day, streets and parks become a sea of lanterns, which is undoubtedly splendid.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is highly valued by every Chinese family.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
Going to temple fairs is another attractive activity, where people can experience traditional Chinese culture, such as watching folk dance, tasting delicious traditional snacks, and so on.（动名词短语Going to temple fairs作主语，where引导非限制性定语从句，watching folk dance和 tasting delicious traditional snacks为动名词短语作宾语）
2022北京怀柔高一（上）期末
英 语
注意事项：
1. 本试卷共10页，分为三部分。考试时间90分钟，试卷满分100分。
2. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3. 答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。
4. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。
5. 考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___.
When I first arrived in the Czech Republic (捷克) four years ago, I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.
At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most popular ___5___ in the world. As I lacked (缺少) ___6___ of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew.
The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident.
In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. “One student, she is from China with only three years of learning Czech, she ____10____.”
My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready.
1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. custom
2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student
3. A. finishing B. canceling C. examining D. preparing
4. A. value B. ability C. challenge D. benefit
5. A. places B. music C. songs D. languages
6. A. knowledge B. letter C. luck D. magazine
7. A. money B. fear C. confidence D. worry
8. A. sad B. troubled C. terrible D. encouraged
9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. missed
10. A. got away B. broke down C. made it D. calmed down
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My husband was looking___11___our two little nieces. They started crying when my husband cooked lunch. He ran into the room and___12___(see) a small scorpion(蝎子), so my husband picked it up. The older girl said, "Girls can't deal with it." My husband told her, "you never have to be afraid of something only because you’re a gin. You are as smart and strong as any boy.” He held the scorpion's tail with his___13___(finger). The girl asked to hold it. So my husband put it on her hands while he held the tail. She was so proud of___14___(her) that she talked about it until she went to sleep.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Yoga makes you feel___15___( relax) and you feel all “at one" with your body. Smith Farm is now offering people the chance ___16___(do) their daily yoga with goats. In fact, the goats don't actually take part in the yoga. They are more for moral support(精神支持), preventing you from getting bred. "It is a wonderful experience,” says Smith, “It may sound silly but it's truly getting outside in nature with beautiful scenery and lovely animals around you. Animals can ___17___(real) help humans deal with stress, illness or sadness.”
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词。在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It is easy and very powerful to be kind to those who are kind to you. Yet, to experience the full power of your sincere kindness, offer it to people ___18___ are careless and rude to you. Sure, it is difficult to forgive those who are hurtful lo you. But the way to stop the hurt is by refusing to participate in it. Forgiveness gives you the upper hand. Be the one who is strong, who ___19___(stop) the rudeness. Put the power of kindness ___20___ forgiveness to work for you and your world.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans. You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who _____.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Tune-in, you can _____.
A. take writing classes B. listen to songs
C. learn about the latest books D. watch news programs
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ChannelTwenty.
C. Tune-in. D. ScienceZone.
24. The author writes the passage to _____.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design(设计) websites
C encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare(比较) different websites for teenagers
B
Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting (运送) and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.
Anurudh Ganesan, 17, knows this firsthand. When he was a baby in India, his grandparents carried him 10 miles to a health clinic in a remote village to receive a vaccine. But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.
Vaccines, Anurudh later learned, must be kept cool to stay effective. But refrigerating (冷藏) them requires electricity (电) or ice—valuable things that many developing countries lack (缺少).
Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激发) him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (轻便的) vaccine-carrying device (装置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.
Anurudh first got his idea for Vaxxwagon in 2014. He read several textbooks to learn everything he could about refrigeration, and then he did research online to learn more about vaccines. Rather than depending on electricity or ice, Anurudh worked out a way to use wheels to power a refrigeration system for about eight hours. The entire rechargeable (可再充电的) cooling system can be pulled to areas in need of vaccines by a bicycle, a car, or an animal. Eventually, Anurudh took his design to professors at Johns Hopkins University for advice. Not only did they think Vaxxwagon could work, but they offered him funding to help build it.
Anurudh was rewarded with the 2015 Google Science Fair LEGO Education Builder Award for his invention. Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.
Anurudh, who plans to pursue engineering degree in college, says, “Don’t give up on your ideas. But always try to help others with your projects. That’s the point of engineering—to help people.”
25. Why do many children die every year?
A. They lack excellent medical teams. B. They can not afford usable medicines.
C. They don’t have an electricity system. D. They have no chance to get usable vaccines.
26. What is special about Vaxxwagon?
A. It is a device with cooling system. B. It can produce safe vaccines.
C. It can find deadly diseases. D. It can be a means of transport.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Anurudh?
A. Caring and creative (有创造力). B. Clever but lazy.
C. Determined and independent. D. Honest and hard—working.
28. What can we learn from the story?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. All roads lead to Rome.
C. Motivation(动力)is the mother of success.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
C
How to Make Friends, According to Science
Friendship is one of life’s most important features, and one too often taken for granted.
The human wish for companionship (交往) may be no end, but research suggests that our social capital (资本) is finite (有限的)—we can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. Social scientists have used some creative approaches to measure the size of people’s social networks; these have returned estimates (估计) ranging from about 250 to about 5,500 people. Looking more specifically at friendship, a study using the exchange of Christmas cards to test closeness put the average person’s friend group at about 121 people. However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. The average American trusts only 10 to 20 people. Moreover, that number may become smaller: From 1998 to 2017, the average (平均的) number of trusted friends decreased (减少) from three to two. This is both sad and of important result, because people who have strong social relationships tend to live longer than those who don’t.
So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive. To begin with, don’t refuse to consider the ordinary acquaintance (交情). Even interacting with people with whom one has weak social ties has a meaningful influence on well—being. Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to casual friend, an additional 40 hours to become a “real” friend, and a total of 200 hours to become a close friend.
If that sounds like too much effort, renewing inactive social ties can be especially rewarding. Reconnected friends can quickly get back the trust they built before, while offering each other a dash of novelty(新奇)drawn from whatever they’ve been up to in the meantime. And if all else fails, you could start randomly to tell secrets to people you don’t know that well. Self-disclosure (自我表露) makes us more likable, and as a bonus, we are more likely to favor those to whom we have revealed our soul.
Longing for closeness and connection is common and everywhere, which suggests that most of us are stumbling (跌跌撞撞) through the world, expecting companionship that could be easily provided by the lonesome stumblers all around us. So set aside this article, turn to someone nearby, and try to make a friend.
29. From Paragraph 2, we can know that ______.
A. a strong social relationship means a long life
B. real friendships are based on the exchange of presents
C. people’s inner circle becomes smaller
D. people’s social networks depend on their wish for companionship
30. What does the author suggest to improve one’s social life?
A. Sharing secrets with close friends. B. Choosing likable people as friends.
C. Avoiding the ordinary acquaintance. D. Spending time for deeper friendships.
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The tips on how to develop friendship.
B. The reasons for seeking companionship.
C. The benefits brought by a good social life.
D. The relationship between friendship and happiness.
D
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to think what life would look like without cars. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.
Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
32. How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article?
A. Four. B. Three.
C. Two. D. One.
33. If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious problem to American workers is ______.
A. to have no work to do B. to keep the air clean
C. to get a better life D. to go to work by bike
34. What is the conclusion (结论) of the writer?
A. Bicycling is the only way out.
B. The number of cars must be cut down.
C. Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.
D. Cars bring us not only a better life but serious problems.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How old is “old”?
How old is “old”? ___35___ More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span (长度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.
So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived. ___36___
Once an unknown author wrote, “Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years. ___37___”
___38___ Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”
There are many wrong ideas about aging. ___39___ Here are some of the more common ones. For example, most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.
A. Old is a point of view.
B. It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.
C. The answer has changed over the years.
D. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.
E. Older people are stubborn, unable to change.
F. People grow old by giving up their goals.
G. These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）
阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。请将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。
Most cultures have a festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way. There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.
The Jewish Festival of Light is called Hanukkah. Hanukkah usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a very long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the war, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.
Lanterns are another form of light. In China, lanterns are famous works of art. The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns. Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. The lanterns are made in many shapes, sizes and colours. They are usually made from silk, paper and plastic. Some are even made from ice. It is believed that these lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families, young and old to spend together. Every New Year the wish is the same—peace and happiness to all.
40. What’s the same with the festivals of light in different cultures? (不超过11个单词)
41. Why do the Jewish light a new candle every night during the festival? (不超过12个单词)
42. What festival brings an end to the new year season? (不超过5个单词)
43. What is the purpose of this article? (不超过8个单词)
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是李华，你的英国好友Jim对中国的元宵节感兴趣，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 元宵节的时间及庆祝活动；
2. 节日意义并期待与他共度。
提示词（供参考）：元宵：sticky rice balls；灯谜：lantern riddles；庙会temple fairs
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在捷克努力学习，最终通过考试的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最大的一次考试肯定是我的高中毕业考试。A. speech演讲；B. exam考试；C. present礼物；D. custom习俗。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through”和下文“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最大的挑战是毕业考试。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：四年前，当我第一次来到捷克共和国时，我只是一个只会说英语的普通交换生。A. teacher老师；B. expert专家；C. engineer工程师；D. student学生。根据“I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.”可知，作者是个学生。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在为期一年的交换项目结束时，我萌生了在那里完成高中学业的想法。A. finishing完成；B. canceling取消；C. examining检查；D. preparing准备。根据下文“But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language”可知，作者想要在那里完成高中学业。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我没有意识到用捷克语完成学业的挑战，捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。A. value价值；B. ability能力；C. challenge挑战；D. benefit益处。根据上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through.”可知，此处是信息词challenge的词汇复现。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. places地点；B. music音乐；C. songs歌曲；D. languages语言。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代Czech language，此处表示捷克语被认为是世界上最流行的语言之一。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我缺乏某些学科的知识，我得到了最差的分数，周围的人怀疑我是否能毕业。A. knowledge知识；B. letter信；C. luck运气；D. magazine杂志。根据下文“I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate.”可知，作者由于缺乏某些学科知识，导致成绩差，不知能否毕业。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我可以流利地与人交流，我的信心也增加了。A. money钱；B. fear害怕；C. confidence自信；D. worry担心。根据上文“However, I practiced all the time.”和下文“Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently”可知，作者的自信心加强了。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到一路上帮助和支持我的每一个人，我感到鼓舞和自信。A. sad难过的；B. troubled麻烦的；C. terrible可怕的；D. encouraged感到鼓舞的。根据“Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey”可知，作者受到许多支持者、帮助者的鼓舞。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在五月，我收到通知，我已经通过了考试。A. passed通过；B. failed失败；C. avoided避免；D. missed错过，思念。根据下文“At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone.”可知，作者收到考试通过的通知。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“有一个学生，她来自中国，只学了三年捷克语，她成功了。”A. got away离开；B. broke down分解，出故障；C. made it获得成功；D. calmed down冷静。根据“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最终通过了考试，获得了成功。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
【答案】11. after
12. saw 13. fingers
14. herself
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲的是“我”丈夫在照看两个小侄女时，因为一只小蝎子两个女孩哭叫起来，在丈夫的鼓励下，大侄女勇敢地尝试拿一下这只蝎子，她为自己感到骄傲，一直谈论到睡觉。
【11题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我丈夫正在照顾我们的两个小侄女。根据后文，我的丈夫跑进屋内查看发生了什么事情，可知丈夫是在照顾两个小侄女。look after照顾，是固定短语，故填after。
12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他跑进房间，看见一只小蝎子，所以我丈夫把它捡了起来。see和ran into是并列的谓语动词，因此应该使用一般过去时，故填saw。
【13题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他用手指握住蝎子的尾巴。根据常识判断，丈夫用手握住蝎子的尾巴，应该是使用不止一只手指，因此finger要使用复数形式，故填fingers。
【14题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：她为自己感到自豪，一直谈论到睡觉。侄女对“自己”感到很自豪，因此使用反身代词，故填herself。
【答案】15. relaxed
16. to do 17. really
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是每天与山羊一起做瑜伽，实际上是让你在自然环境中到处走走，欣赏周围美丽的风景和可爱的动物，以帮助人类应对压力，疾病或悲伤。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：瑜伽会让你感觉到放松。feel是联系动词，后面应该接形容词作表语，relax（放松）是动词，它的形容词是relaxed（放松的），故填relaxed。
【16题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这个农场现在提供人们和山羊一起做瑜伽的机会。chance（机会）后面用不定式短语作后置定语，chance to do表示“做某事的机会”，故填to do。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：动物真正地可以帮助人类处理压力、疾病或者是悲伤的情感。此处应该使用副词修饰动词help作状语，real（真的）是形容词，它的副词是really，故填really。
【答案】18. who/that
19. stops 20. and
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是友善的力量，发挥善意的力量为每个人服务。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，要体验你真诚的善意的全部力量，请将善意提供给对你粗心和无礼的人。people是定语从句的先行词，此处应该填入关系代词代替people在从句中作主语，故填who或that。
【19题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：做一个坚强，阻止粗鲁的人。根据第一个who引导的定语从句，可知第二个定语从句中的时态为一般现在时，并且who指代先行词the one在从句中作主语，谓语动词应为单数，故填stops。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：用善良和宽恕的力量为你服务。kindness（善良）和forgiveness（原谅）是并列的两个名词，故填and。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文，文章介绍了六个不同类型的网站。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据TeenPress网站的介绍“This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing.”可知，该网站是面对喜欢写作的青少年的。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tune-in网站的介绍“There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online.”可知，你可以在该网站上下载或在线收听歌曲。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据ScienceZone网站的介绍“You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams.”可知，如果想参观一些世界上最著名的博物馆，可以浏览ScienceZone网站。故选D项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者向青少年介绍了六个网站的内容，所以作者写这篇文章是为了向青少年介绍网站。故选A项。
【答案】25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anurudh Ganesan因为想要帮助孩子们都能获得疫苗，避免死亡，发明了Vaxxwagon，可以将疫苗运送到更远的地方。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting (运送) and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.( 每年，全世界有150万儿童因为没有接种疫苗而死亡。这在一定程度上是因为运输和储存药物在一些国家可能是一个巨大的挑战。)”和第二段“But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.(但是当他们到达的时候，疫苗已经不能再使用了，因为它们已经过热了。)”可知，每年都有许多儿童因为得不到有效的疫苗而死亡。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (轻便的) vaccine-carrying device (装置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.( 这名高中生发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置——Vaxxwagon。当救命的药物被送到世界各地的偏远地区时，这种装置可以自己产生能量，保持药物的低温。)”可知，Vaxxwagon的特殊之处在于它是一个带有冷却系统的装置，将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激发) him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (轻便的) vaccine-carrying device (装置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.(虽然Anurudh最终接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在婴儿时期的经历，以及其他许多孩子都没有这么幸运的悲惨现实，促使他采取行动。这名高中生发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置——Vaxxwagon。当救命的药物被送到世界各地的偏远地区时，这种装置可以自己产生能量，保持药物的低温。)”根据倒数第二段“ Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.”（阿努鲁德说，他的最终目标是开始向救援组织出售Vaxxwagon，这样它就可以用来帮助世界各地的人们。）可知，17岁的印度男孩Anurudh为拯救更多的人，发明了一种携带疫苗的便携式装置Vaxxwagon，这种装置可以自己产生能量，在将救生药物运送到世界各地的偏远地区时，使其保持凉爽。由此可知，Anurudh是一个关心他人并且有创造力的人。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激发) him to take action.( 虽然Anurudh最终接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在婴儿时期的经历，以及其他许多孩子都没有这么幸运的悲惨现实，促使他采取行动。)”以及他最终发明了Vaxxwagon这个装置可知，动机是成功之母。故选C。
【答案】29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何根据科学交朋友。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller.（无论我们的人际网络有多大，我们的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，从第2段，我们可以知道人们的核心圈子变小了，故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time.（除此之外，建立更深厚的友谊在很大程度上可能需要投入时间。）”可知，作者建议通过花时间和人建立更深厚的友谊来改善一个人的社交生活，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是题目“How to Make Friends, According to Science（如何根据科学交朋友）”和第三段的“So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive.（那么，如果缺乏社交生活，你该怎么办？这里的研究很有启发性。）”可知，本文主要讲的是如何结交朋友，因此是关于关于如何发展友谊的建议，即The tips on how to develop friendship，故选A。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车会产生空气污染，和几个解决空气污染的方法。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute.(解决空气污染的一个办法是制造一辆不污染空气的汽车)”、文章第四段“Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else.(另一种方法是用别的东西代替汽车引擎)”以及文章第五段“To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live.(为了防止世界被汽车污染，我们必须在许多人的生活方式上做出一些改变)”可知，文章提到了“设计一辆新车”、“用其他东西代替汽车发动机”以及“改变我们许多人的生活方式”这三种摆脱空气污染的方法。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down.(如果汽车厂倒闭，大量工人可能会失业)”可知，如果汽车的数量减少，对美国工人来说最严重的问题就是没有工作可做。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.(尽管汽车让我们的生活更美好，但它们也给我们带来了新的问题)”可知，作者得出的结论是汽车不仅给我们带来了更好的生活，也带来了严重的问题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是到底多少岁算老，其实这和心态有关。
【35题详解】
空格前的“How old is “old”?（“老”是多少岁？）”是一个问题，因此空格处给出回答，C选项“The answer has changed over the years.（多年来，答案一直在变化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的问题相承接，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
空格前说““You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日历) simply tells you how many years you have lived.（“你觉得自己年轻还是老，你就有多年轻!”日历只是告诉你你活了多少年。）”，接下来应说到自己是年轻还是老是由除了日历以外的东西来告诉你的，D选项“Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.（你的身体告诉你你过得有多好。）”说明了身体状况会告诉你你是年轻还是老，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【37题详解】
空格前说“Nobody grows old by living a number of years.（没有人会因为活了几年而变老。）”，F选项“People grow old by giving up their goals.（人因放弃目标而变老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重复，且在语义上和上文相互承接，因此F选项符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
空格后说“Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’（爱丽丝·布罗菲(Alice Brophy)在纽约市老龄化委员会工作时表示，“当人们说，‘哎呀，你看起来比实际年龄年轻!）”，这说明老只是人们的一种观点，A选项“Old is a point of view.（老是一种观点。）”正好说明了这一点，因此A选项符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
空格前说“There are many wrong ideas about aging.（关于衰老有许多错误的观点。）”，G选项“These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.（这些观念因年龄而使人产生成见。）”中的“These ideas”指代前面的“wrong ideas”，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题，每小题3分，共12分）
【答案】40. The wish for peace and happiness in the world
41. To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night
42. The Lantern Festival
43. To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。许多文化中都有庆祝光明的节日，文章中介绍了犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节。
【40题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.”可知，各个文化中庆祝光明的节日有一点是相同的，也就是对于世界和平和福祉的祈愿。可以据此回答为：The wish for peace and happiness in the world。
【41题详解】
根据第二段倒数第二句“Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together.”可知，每晚点亮一支新蜡烛是为了保证在第八天晚上，全部八支蜡烛能齐亮。可以据此回答为：To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night。
【42题详解】
根据第三段第二、三句“The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15thday of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close.”可知，正是元宵节宣告了中国新年的结束。可以据此回答为：The Lantern Festival。
【43题详解】
根据文章首句“Most cultures have a festival of light.”并结合全文内容可知，该篇文章就是在以犹太人的光明节和中国的元宵节为例，介绍不同文化中的庆祝光明的节日。可以据此回答为：To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
第二节（20分）
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Glad to know that you are interested in Chinese Lantern Festival. I am very happy to tell you something about it.
The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is highly valued by every Chinese family. On that day, streets and parks become a sea of lanterns. There will be some lantern riddles for guessing and amazing gifts for the winners. Going to temple fairs is another attractive activity, where people can experience traditional Chinese culture, such as watching folk dance, tasting delicious traditional snacks, and so on.
Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. The Lantern Festival is a wonderful time for people to be back home with their entire family. People always have sticky rice balls during this time, which is a symbol of a family gathering.
This year’s Festival is around the corner. I'm looking forward to your coming to celebrate it with us.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写信，邀请他参加元宵节庆祝活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy→delighted
告诉某人某事：tell sb. sth.=inform sb. of sth.
令人惊讶的：amazing→astonishing
吸引人的：attractive→appealing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On that day streets and parks become a sea of lanterns.
拓展句：On that day, streets and parks become a sea of lanterns, which is undoubtedly splendid.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is highly valued by every Chinese family.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
Going to temple fairs is another attractive activity, where people can experience traditional Chinese culture, such as watching folk dance, tasting delicious traditional snacks, and so on.（动名词短语Going to temple fairs作主语，where引导非限制性定语从句，watching folk dance和 tasting delicious traditional snacks为动名词短语作宾语）
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