2021北京一零一中学高一（下）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2021北京一零一中学高一（下）期末英语（教师版），共27页。

2021北京一零一中学高一（下）期末
英 语
（考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：120分）
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，共20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What color are the trousers the woman likes?
A. Brown. B. Blue. C. Gray.
2. What will the two speakers do?
A. Book air tickets. B. Have a holiday. C. Move to Florida.
3. When will the next bus for Chicago leave?
A. At 8:00. B. At 8:10. C. At 8:15.
4. What will the man probably do this evening?
A. Finish the term paper.
B. Go to the football match.
C. Make a plan for tomorrow.
5. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Roommates. C. Classmates.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Where are the two speakers?
A In the hospital. B. In the police office. C. In an ambulance.
7. Who was injured in the accident?
A. The black dog. B. The driver in the white car. C. The driver in the black car.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What is the woman doing?
A. Checking in. B. Shopping. C. Booking a room.
9. How would the woman like to pay?
A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By cheque.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10 How can parents prevent children from falling down the stairs?
A. By using mats. B. By fitting safety gates. C. By leaving them in the bath.
11. Which is the most dangerous room according to the woman?
A. The kitchen. B. The bathroom. C. The living room.
12. What is the man’s job?
A. A writer. B. A TV host. C. A radio host.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. Which show are famous people invited to take part in?
A. The News. B. Nighttime. C. The Children’s Room.
14. When does the show The Children’s Room begin?
A. At 3:30 pm. B. At 6:00 pm. C. At 11:30 pm.
15. On which channel can people answer questions and get money?
A. Channel 11. B. Channel 6. C. Channel 3.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
Book Club Membership Form
Name
John Williams
Job
A 16________
Telephone No.
17________
Preferred book type
18________ stories
Book being read now
Flight Behavior, a 19________
Annual membership fee
$ 20________

第二部分：知识运用 （共两节，共28分）
第一节 完形填空（共12小题；每小题1.5分，共18分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. ____1____ I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his ____2____ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly ____3____, students crowded into his classroom. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. Furthermore, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an ____4____ way, introducing such aids to understanding as oil paintings, music, and guest lecturers. Once he ____5____ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ____6____ the telephone. Drinking coffee in the cafe, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would ____7____ a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join students groups to discuss a variety of ____8____: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for ____9____ on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success ____10____, during it, the students and the professor ____11____ at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more ____12____ and more lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man.
1. A. Although B. When C. Even if D. Now that
2. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion
3. A. held B. delivered C. attended D. written
4. A. imaginative B. ordinary C. opposite D. open
5. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
6. A. with B. by C. from D. on
7. A. invite B. lead C. prefer D. show
8. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
9. A. ban B. agreement C. dependence D. advice
10. A. for B. until C. since D. unless
11. A. hear B. suggest C. share D. demand
12. A. helpful B. enjoyable C. practical D. useful
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分, 共10分）
A
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gaining knowledge is a part of the learning process and how ____13____ (put) knowledge gained every day into reality has interested many people. As a proverb goes, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” Obviously, this saying tries to deliver the message that we ought not to stop ____14____ (practice) it if we truly want to master the knowledge we learn. There are several reasons accounting for the statement. For one thing, human beings are forgetful beings, and for another, knowledge has become more and more complicated and it can’t be understood if we do not practice ____15____ we have learned repeatedly.
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Most of us assume that we communicate ____16____ (good) with our friends and loved ones than we do with strangers. However, ____17____ is often the case that the closer we are to somebody, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. The reason ____18____ many people unconsciously “tune out” their family members or close friends is that they think they already know what the other person is going to say. It is similar ____19____ the way in which you might not notice signs, landmarks, or scenery on a path you have travelled down numerous times.
C
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Like many major events, a marathon can generate a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel - some by plane - to the location. Waste from food packaging and goody bags gets ____20____ (leave) behind by spectators and runners. For example, during the London Marathon in 2018, 47,000 plastic bottles ____21____ (collect), although some were recycled. This is becoming a big issue for cities – how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, whilst protecting the environment? Over the last few years, several cities ____22____ (develop) formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit and ethically sourced the race T-shirts.
第三部分：阅读理解（共三节，共42分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every year, Earth Day is celebrated on April 22, and people all around the world celebrate this day by taking part in environmental awareness activities and working towards raising awareness about important issues that our planet Earth is currently facing, like global warming and pollution.
Before the 1970s, there were almost no environmental laws and industries were allowed to dump their industrial waste and fumes anywhere in the world. A US Senator by the name of Gaylord Nelson was concerned by the growing levels of pollution. So in the spring of 1970, Senator Nelson created Earth Day as a way to promote awareness about these issues in the US. His plan was successful, as 20 million Americans started a march for Earth Day around the world. As a result, the US government started an agency called the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Over the next few years, the movement spread across the world and Earth Day became internationally recognised.
The theme of Earth Day 2021 is “restore our Earth”. The focus of this year’s theme is restoring Earth’s natural processes and ecosystems. Apart from that, the goal of this year’s Earth Day is to focus on taking green technologies and creative actions to restore the Earth’s natural ecosystem. More than stopping pollution and global warming, this year’s Earth Day focuses on reversing the damage caused to the Earth.
Despite strict environmental laws in many countries across the world, problems such as global warming, air pollution and climate change continue to threaten our planet. Many scientists around the world are warning us about the already irreversible(不可逆的) problems that have been created by microplastics, oil spills and depletion(消耗) of the ozone layer. If the human race continues on the same path as before, the extinction of the human race is not too far off in the future. Earth Day seeks to help raise people’s awareness around the world about these issues and bring positive changes, so future generations stand a chance of living a safer life.
23. What is the theme of this year’s Earth Day?
A. To slow down global warming.
B. To reduce individuals’ carbon footprint.
C. To promote the development of emerging industries.
D. To restore the Earth’s natural processes and ecosystems.
24. Which activity is suitable to celebrate Earth Day?
A. Running long-distance races.
B. Starting a movement on recycling.
C. Attending a lecture about human rights.
D. Participating in medical research on cancers.
25. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Establishing a Day for the Earth
B. Efforts to Bring the Earth back to Normal
C. A Day for Promoting Environmental Awareness
D. A Fight against Severe Environmental Problems
B
Role-Playing in Child Development
Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. There are various ways in which children play, but one of the most important is role-playing. This involves a child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person.
Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in children’s brains that help them learn. Language skills are some of the most important aspects of learning. When children role-play, they must work out steps that need to be taken to complete a task, and create plans to act out a story. These activities enable children to develop their oral language skills. They become able to organize others and to give directions.
Children’s social skills can also be developed. When engaged in group activities, children have different roles. Some are leaders while others are followers. At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well. Children further learn about cooperation and sharing and, hopefully, begin to understand things from another person’s point of view.
Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes. Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. Sometimes children may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate (模仿) real-life situations. They might dress up and assume different roles. Another example is the performing of stories they read in books, which is also very common when they role-play.
Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional pain, such as the fear they face when going to school for the first time or making a visit to the doctor. If children role-play situations like these beforehand, the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently lessens. For this reason, experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these activities to help their children master their fears.
Role-playing can benefit children in many ways. There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.
26. From the author’s description in Paragraph 4, we learn that children often ________.
A. involve daily-life activities in groups
B. act out the activities that their parents do
C. perform daily tasks instead of their parents
D. change real-life situations when role-playing
27. The author believes that role-playing may help children ________.
A. develop a better awareness of grammar
B. receive benefits from their emotional pain
C. improve creativity by using their imaginations
D. understand how to be both leaders and followers
28. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A. ignore B. confirm C. overcome D. predict
29. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
C
I watch documentaries, not movies. I read history books, not fiction. I use every free moment to accomplish one of the tasks on my never-ending checklist, and I am completely filled with thoughts of productivity. An hour sleeping is an hour wasted. And like the rest of 21st century America, I like it. But this fixation on productivity is increasingly destroying character and transforming men into robots.
New York Times columnist David Brooks warned American University students of this cultural decline in a speech. “We cut off all things spiritual and emotional in a competitive urge to stand out”, he said, “The pressure to succeed professionally, to acquire skills, to do the things you need to do to succeed in an information age economy really became the overwhelming(难以应付的)pressures, and it sort of weakens the thinking about character and morality.”
Many students happily go to college, viewing it as a next step on their rise to professional achievement. Forcing as many success-building activities into their schedules as they can, they enjoy keeping busy with little sleep. “Today’s outstanding kids are likely to spend their afternoons and weekends shuttling from one skill-improving activity to the next,” Brooks wrote in an article, “We fear failure more than we desire success.”
A century ago, college was about character building. Today, our characters are in decline. We are experts on economics, material things and professional skills. We fail to discuss and understand relationships, emotions and all things spiritual.
Philosopher Karl Popper divided the world into two categories: Clocks and Clouds. Clock problems are those that can be taken apart, examined and solved through deductive reasoning(演绎推理). Clouds cannot be taken apart. Cloud problems represent whole systems that need to be understood in a different way.
“When we have a Cloud problem, we try to turn it into a Clock problem,” Brooks said. And in a reason-centered culture, adding titles to one’s resume becomes a trend. At American University, 85 percent of seniors (and 89 percent of business majors) graduate with at least one practical experience which is often helpful to a student’s future career, but can sometimes draw focus away from academics.
To prevent the death of man’s character, Brooks urges rediscovering our human natures through falling in love. And by love he means love for a task, job, or another person. “Synchronicity is key to happiness,” he said. Rather than crazily increasing our long lists of accomplishments, we need to lose ourselves in what we do, and success will come on its own.
30. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that people ________.
A. are controlled by time B. are eager to achieve
C. are changing their characters D. are keen on reading books more
31. What is the author’s attitude towards colleges that existed a century ago?
A. Tolerant. B. Uncertain. C. Approving. D. Curious.
32. The last paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A. success comes from devotion to work
B. the focus on human natures counts
C. more work contributes to happiness
D. love is more important than focus
33. The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. criticize students’ desire for achievements
B. stress the importance of productivity
C. warn about the pressure to seek success
D. bring awareness to character building
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bad News for the Highly Intelligent
There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.
____34____ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.
To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. ___35___This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. ___36___
The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. ___37___All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ___38___ In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being.
A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.
B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.
C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.
D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages.
E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.
F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.
G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders.
第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
阅读短文，回答问题。
Cleaning the ocean of plastic
These days, we’re all well aware of the plastic problem the world’s facing. Although we all realize what a serious issue plastic pollution is, it’s different when you actually see the overwhelming results of it for yourself.
A team of researchers recently published a study on the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch in the journal Scientific Reports. According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California in the US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste. At 1.6 million square kilometers, it’s over four times the size of Japan, or almost 100 times the size of Beijing.
“I’ve been doing this research for a while, but it was depressing to see the patch in person,” Laurent Lebreton, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “There were things you just wondered how they made it into the ocean. There’s clearly an increasing influx of plastic into the garbage patch.”
It’s believed that eight million tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year, and a lot of it ends up collecting near large ocean currents around the world, forming “islands” of plastic. This causes problems not only for sea creatures, but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the stomachs of fish and birds. As a result, it’s believed that plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates - not to mention the countless creatures that choke on plastic waste, or are poisoned by the chemicals in it.
So what can we do about this? Lebreton is a member of the Ocean Cleanup Foundation, a group that’s developed technology to collect plastic waste from the ocean. This is a huge project. The group claims it will take around five years just to clean up half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone. But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more careful of how we use it. “In my opinion, plastic is very useful ... But I think we must change the way we use plastic, particularly in terms of single-use plastic and those objects that have a very short service lifespan,” he told the BBC.
39. What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch made up of?
40. Why does plastic also cause problems for humans?
41. Please paraphrase the following sentence.
It’s believed that the eight million tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year, and a lot of it ends up collecting near large ocean currents around world, forming “islands” of plastic.
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Laurent Lebreton thinks that plastic is very useful, but we have to stop using plastic completely to protect the ocean.
43. Please provide at least two suggestions on what we can do to change the way we use plastic. (about 20 words)
第四部分：课文知识（共15分）
第一节 单词拼写（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示，用单词的适当形式填空。
44. The headmaster in the school is to put forward new ________ （提议）to ban mobile phones on campus. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
45. He left me with the first i________ that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. (根据首字母单词拼写)
46. She got a perfect score in the final exam, which went far b________ her parents’ expectations. (根据首字母单词拼写)
47. Having had the delicious candy, the girl smiled c________ and went to bed for a good sleep. (根据首字母单词拼写)
48. She was always i________ her mother’s advice to take an umbrella on cloudy days, so yesterday she was stuck in the heavy rain. (根据首字母单词拼写)
第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据所给的中文句意，用本学期新学的词组将句子补充完整。
49. 已经调整好了沮丧情绪，他现在更愿意外出与朋友聊天了。
________ his depression, he is now more willing to go outside and chat with his friends.
50. 总之(概括来说)，你想要传达什么信息呢？
________, what message are you trying to get across?
51. 新年伊始是反思过去一年诸多成就的好时机。
The start of a new year is a good time ________ the many achievements of the past.
52. 我很荣幸能被这位著名的教授在论文中提及。
I ________ be mentioned in the famous professor’s paper.
53. 我拒绝我妹妹提出的住在一起的建议，因为我就是懒得照顾她的猫。
I refuse my sister’s suggestion on living together, for I just can’t ________ look after her cat.
第五部分：写作表达 （共15分）
假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim听说你们已经开始了高考选科，发来邮件询问你的选科情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1. 选考科目；
2. 选考某一科目的原因。
提示：选科subject selection
注意：1. 词数120词左右；2. 开头结尾已给出。
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim听说你们已经开始了高考选科，发来邮件询问你的选科情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1. 选考科目；
2. 选考某一科目的原因。
提示：选科subject selection
注意：
1. 词数120词左右；
2. 开头结尾已给出。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，共20分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What color are the trousers the woman likes?
A. Brown. B. Blue. C. Gray.
2. What will the two speakers do?
A. Book air tickets. B. Have a holiday. C. Move to Florida.
3. When will the next bus for Chicago leave?
A. At 8:00. B. At 8:10. C. At 8:15.
4. What will the man probably do this evening?
A. Finish the term paper.
B. Go to the football match.
C. Make a plan for tomorrow.
5. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Roommates. C. Classmates.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Where are the two speakers?
A. In the hospital. B. In the police office. C. In an ambulance.
7. Who was injured in the accident?
A. The black dog. B. The driver in the white car. C. The driver in the black car.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What is the woman doing?
A. Checking in. B. Shopping. C. Booking a room.
9. How would the woman like to pay?
A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By cheque.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How can parents prevent children from falling down the stairs?
A. By using mats. B. By fitting safety gates. C. By leaving them in the bath.
11. Which is the most dangerous room according to the woman?
A. The kitchen. B. The bathroom. C. The living room.
12. What is the man’s job?
A. A writer. B. A TV host. C. A radio host.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. Which show are famous people invited to take part in?
A. The News. B. Nighttime. C. The Children’s Room.
14. When does the show The Children’s Room begin?
A. At 3:30 pm. B. At 6:00 pm. C. At 11:30 pm.
15. On which channel can people answer questions and get money?
A. Channel 11. B. Channel 6. C. Channel 3.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
Book Club Membership Form
Name
John Williams
Job
A 16________
Telephone No.
17________
Preferred book type
18________ stories
Book being read now
Flight Behavior, a 19________
Annual membership fee
$ 20________

第二部分：知识运用 （共两节，共28分）
第一节 完形填空（共12小题；每小题1.5分，共18分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. ____1____ I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I respected his ____2____ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly ____3____, students crowded into his classroom. His followers liked the fact that he believed in what he taught. Furthermore, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an ____4____ way, introducing such aids to understanding as oil paintings, music, and guest lecturers. Once he ____5____ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. Secondly, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ____6____ the telephone. Drinking coffee in the cafe, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would ____7____ a student to a game of chess. Other times, he would join students groups to discuss a variety of ____8____: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for ____9____ on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. He believed that no lesson is a success ____10____, during it, the students and the professor ____11____ at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more ____12____ and more lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is indeed a wise man.
1. A. Although B. When C. Even if D. Now that
2. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion
3. A. held B. delivered C. attended D. written
4. A. imaginative B. ordinary C. opposite D. open
5. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
6. A. with B. by C. from D. on
7. A. invite B. lead C. prefer D. show
8. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
9. A. ban B. agreement C. dependence D. advice
10. A. for B. until C. since D. unless
11. A. hear B. suggest C. share D. demand
12. A. helpful B. enjoyable C. practical D. useful
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在本文中回忆了自己所遇见的最有活力的一位大学哲学教授，他对教学的热爱以及他的教学方式给学生们留下了深刻的印象。
【1题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管我最后一次见到他是在八年前，但是我忘不了他与众不同的品质。A. Although尽管；B. When当；C. Even if尽管；D. Now that既然。根据句意可知是，上下文是转折关系，athough引导的句子所说的是事实，even if引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。本句表示事实。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我尊重他对教学的投入。A. attention注意；B. introduction介绍；C. relation练习；D. devotion投入，奉献。根据后文“Because his lectures were always well-prepared ”可知，因为他精心准备每一节课，由此可知，他对教学投入。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他的课总是准备充分，讲得很清楚，所以学生们都挤进了他的教室。A. held举办；B. delivered作讲座；C. attended出席；D. written写。由后文“students crowded into his classroom. ”可知，因为很多学生去他的课堂，由此可知，他的课讲得很清楚。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他可以指望以一种富有想象力的方式解释他的想法，引入油画、音乐和客座讲师等辅助理解。A. imaginative富有想象力的；B. ordinary普通的；C. opposite相反的；D. open开放的。根据后文“introducing such aids to understanding as oil paintings, music, and guest lecturers. ”可知，他会以一种富有想象力的方式解释他的想法。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一次，他甚至在课堂上唱了一首歌，以阐明一个观点。A. also也；B. nearly几乎，差不多；C. even甚至；D. only仅仅。此处突出强调在课堂上唱歌，需用even。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：其次，我很欣赏他会在教室外和学生交谈，或者在电话上和他们交谈。A. with和……；B. by通过；C. from来自；D. on通过，借助。此处表示在电话上与学生交谈，需用on the phone。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时他会邀请一个学生下棋。A. invite邀请；B. lead带领；C. prefer偏爱；D. show展示。根据前文“he would easily make friends with students.”可知，因为他很容易和学生交朋友，所以此处指他会邀请一个学生下棋。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他时候，他会加入学生小组讨论各种科目:农业、潜水和数学。A. questions问题；B. subjects科目； C. matters事件，物质；D. contents内容。根据空后“agriculture, diving and mathematics.”可知，此处指讨论各种科目。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻人到他的办公室寻求学习建议;其他人来他家参加社交晚会。A. ban禁令；B. agreement协议；C. dependence依赖；D. advice建议。根据后文“on their studies”可知，此处指的是学习上的建议。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他认为，除非在课堂上，学生和教授至少一起大笑一次，否则任何一节课都不会成功。A. for因为；B. until直到；C. since因为；D. unless除非。根据空前后句意可知，空处需用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hear听见；B. suggest建议；C. share共有，分享；D. demand要求。根据前文“his lively sense of humor.”可知，因为他的课堂幽默，所以此处指学生和教授一起大笑一次。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过他的幽默感，他使学习变得更加愉快和持久。A. helpful有帮助的；B. enjoyable愉快的；C. practical实际的；D. useful有用的。根据前文“his sense of humor”可知，因为他幽默，所以他的课堂令人感到愉快。故选B。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分, 共10分）
A
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gaining knowledge is a part of the learning process and how ____13____ (put) knowledge gained every day into reality has interested many people. As a proverb goes, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” Obviously, this saying tries to deliver the message that we ought not to stop ____14____ (practice) it if we truly want to master the knowledge we learn. There are several reasons accounting for the statement. For one thing, human beings are forgetful beings, and for another, knowledge has become more and more complicated and it can’t be understood if we do not practice ____15____ we have learned repeatedly.
【答案】13. to put
14. practicing
15. what
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了学习过程中练习的重要性。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：获得知识是学习过程的一部分，如何把每天获得的知识变成现实引起了许多人的兴趣。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句缺少主语，所以空处需用疑问词how加动词不定式作主语。故填to put。
【14题详解】
考查动名词。句意：显然，这句话试图传达这样一个信息:如果我们真的想掌握所学的知识，就不应该停止练习。stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事，此处表示不要停止练习，所以空处需用动名词作宾语。故填practicing。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：一方面，人类是健忘的人，另一方面，知识变得越来越复杂，如果我们不反复实践我们所学的知识，它就无法被理解。分析句子结构可知，“we have learned repeatedly.”是宾语从句，作动词 practice的宾语，从句动词learned后缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，所以此处需用连接词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
B
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Most of us assume that we communicate ____16____ (good) with our friends and loved ones than we do with strangers. However, ____17____ is often the case that the closer we are to somebody, the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. The reason ____18____ many people unconsciously “tune out” their family members or close friends is that they think they already know what the other person is going to say. It is similar ____19____ the way in which you might not notice signs, landmarks, or scenery on a path you have travelled down numerous times.
【答案】16. better
17. it 18. why
19. to
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了亲密沟通偏见：通常情况下，我们和某人越亲近，就越不可能仔细倾听他们的意见。
【16题详解】
考查比较级。句意：我们大多数人都认为，我们与朋友和爱人的交流要比与陌生人的交流更好。空处需用good对应的副词作状语修饰动词communicate，再由空后“ than we do with strangers. ”可知，空处需用比较级，将与朋友和爱人的交流和与陌生的交流作比较。故填better。
【17题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，通常情况下，我们与某人越亲近，我们就越不可能仔细倾听他们的话。It is often the case that…通常情况下……，固定句型，此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导主语从句。故填it。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：许多人无意识地“忽视”他们的家人或亲密朋友的原因是，他们认为自己已经知道对方会说什么。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是reason，指原因，关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以空处需用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。
【19题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：这就像你可能不会注意到你多次走过的一条路上的标志、地标或风景一样。be similar to…与……相似，固定短语。故填to。
C
阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Like many major events, a marathon can generate a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel - some by plane - to the location. Waste from food packaging and goody bags gets ____20____ (leave) behind by spectators and runners. For example, during the London Marathon in 2018, 47,000 plastic bottles ____21____ (collect), although some were recycled. This is becoming a big issue for cities – how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, whilst protecting the environment? Over the last few years, several cities ____22____ (develop) formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit and ethically sourced the race T-shirts.
【答案】20. left
21. were collected
22. have developed
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。现如今，许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛，马拉松旨在为一些公益活动募集资金，但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。有一些城市已经采取了一些措施，来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：食物包装和糖果袋的垃圾会被观众和赛跑者留下。此处表示“食物包装和糖果袋的垃圾会被留下”，所以此处get后需接过去分词，get done使……被……。故填left。
【21题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：例如，在2018年伦敦马拉松比赛期间，共收集了4.7万个塑料瓶，尽管有些被回收了。由时间状语in 2018可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，因为塑料瓶被收集，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是复数，所以be动词用were。故填were collected。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，一些城市已经制定了正式的计划来减少它们对环境的影响，并推广可持续发展的理念。根据时间状语“over the last few years”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，且将有可能继续下去；主语是复数cities，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have developed。
第三部分：阅读理解（共三节，共42分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，共22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Every year, Earth Day is celebrated on April 22, and people all around the world celebrate this day by taking part in environmental awareness activities and working towards raising awareness about important issues that our planet Earth is currently facing, like global warming and pollution.
Before the 1970s, there were almost no environmental laws and industries were allowed to dump their industrial waste and fumes anywhere in the world. A US Senator by the name of Gaylord Nelson was concerned by the growing levels of pollution. So in the spring of 1970, Senator Nelson created Earth Day as a way to promote awareness about these issues in the US. His plan was successful, as 20 million Americans started a march for Earth Day around the world. As a result, the US government started an agency called the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Over the next few years, the movement spread across the world and Earth Day became internationally recognised.
The theme of Earth Day 2021 is “restore our Earth”. The focus of this year’s theme is restoring Earth’s natural processes and ecosystems. Apart from that, the goal of this year’s Earth Day is to focus on taking green technologies and creative actions to restore the Earth’s natural ecosystem. More than stopping pollution and global warming, this year’s Earth Day focuses on reversing the damage caused to the Earth.
Despite strict environmental laws in many countries across the world, problems such as global warming, air pollution and climate change continue to threaten our planet. Many scientists around the world are warning us about the already irreversible(不可逆的) problems that have been created by microplastics, oil spills and depletion(消耗) of the ozone layer. If the human race continues on the same path as before, the extinction of the human race is not too far off in the future. Earth Day seeks to help raise people’s awareness around the world about these issues and bring positive changes, so future generations stand a chance of living a safer life.
23. What is the theme of this year’s Earth Day?
A. To slow down global warming.
B. To reduce individuals’ carbon footprint.
C. To promote the development of emerging industries.
D. To restore the Earth’s natural processes and ecosystems.
24. Which activity is suitable to celebrate Earth Day?
A. Running long-distance races.
B. Starting a movement on recycling.
C. Attending a lecture about human rights.
D. Participating in medical research on cancers.
25. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Establishing a Day for the Earth
B. Efforts to Bring the Earth back to Normal
C. A Day for Promoting Environmental Awareness
D. A Fight against Severe Environmental Problems
【答案】23. D 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日的历史和今年地球日的主题。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The theme of Earth Day 2021 is “restore our Earth”. The focus of this year’s theme is restoring Earth’s natural processes and ecosystems. ”（2021年地球日的主题是“恢复我们的地球”。今年主题的重点是恢复地球的自然过程和生态系统。）可知，今年地球日的主题是恢复地球的自然过程和生态系统。故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“More than stopping pollution and global warming, this year’s Earth Day focuses on reversing the damage caused to the Earth.”（除了阻止污染和全球变暖，今年地球日的重点是扭转对地球造成的破坏。）可知，为了阻止对地球的破坏，地球日可以进行回收利用的活动。故选B。
【25题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，尤其是首段“Every year, Earth Day is celebrated on April 22, and people all around the world celebrate this day by taking part in environmental awareness activities and working towards raising awareness about important issues that our planet Earth is currently facing, like global warming and pollution.”（每年的4月22日是地球日，世界各地的人们通过参加环保活动来庆祝这一天，并努力提高人们对我们的地球目前面临的重要问题的认识，如全球变暖和污染。）可知，本文介绍了地球日——提高保护环境意识的一天。故选C。
【点睛】
B
Role-Playing in Child Development
Playing is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. There are various ways in which children play, but one of the most important is role-playing. This involves a child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person.
Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in children’s brains that help them learn. Language skills are some of the most important aspects of learning. When children role-play, they must work out steps that need to be taken to complete a task, and create plans to act out a story. These activities enable children to develop their oral language skills. They become able to organize others and to give directions.
Children’s social skills can also be developed. When engaged in group activities, children have different roles. Some are leaders while others are followers. At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well. Children further learn about cooperation and sharing and, hopefully, begin to understand things from another person’s point of view.
Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes. Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. Sometimes children may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate (模仿) real-life situations. They might dress up and assume different roles. Another example is the performing of stories they read in books, which is also very common when they role-play.
Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional pain, such as the fear they face when going to school for the first time or making a visit to the doctor. If children role-play situations like these beforehand, the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently lessens. For this reason, experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these activities to help their children master their fears.
Role-playing can benefit children in many ways. There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.
26. From the author’s description in Paragraph 4, we learn that children often ________.
A. involve daily-life activities in groups
B. act out the activities that their parents do
C. perform daily tasks instead of their parents
D. change real-life situations when role-playing
27. The author believes that role-playing may help children ________.
A. develop a better awareness of grammar
B. receive benefits from their emotional pain
C. improve creativity by using their imaginations
D. understand how to be both leaders and followers
28. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A. ignore B. confirm C. overcome D. predict
29. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了角色扮演在孩子成长过程中的作用。角色扮演可以帮助孩子的语言发育，发展孩子的社交技能，帮助他们战胜恐惧心理等。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes.Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. ”可知男孩们可能假装像父亲一样刮胡子或在家里表演各种任务，女孩们假装成妈妈做一些日常任务如照顾小宝宝，孩子们经常表演父母们平常做的事情。故选B项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“When engaged in group activities, children have different roles.Some are leaders while others are followers. . At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well.”可知当涉及到小组活动时，孩子们有不同的角色分工，一些扮演领导者然而其他人们扮演追随者，有时孩子们会产生分歧，所以他们必须学会去协商妥协，可以得知作者相信角色扮演可以使孩子明白怎样做领导者和追随者。故选D项。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段的第一句话“Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional(情感的) pain，such as the fear they face...”可知，角色扮演的另一个作用就是帮助孩子们应对一些不良情绪，比如他们遇到的恐惧，此处鼓励孩子们参加角色扮演活动肯定是帮助孩子们克服恐惧。这里的master和deal with意义相近，故选overcome克服。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。总览全文，文章首段先引出了“角色扮演在儿童成长中很重要”这一观点，中间四段具体阐述其重要性体现在哪些方面，最后一段进行总结。在分段阐述的部分，第二段指出其有助于孩子学习，第三段则指出其有助于发展社交能力，都是围绕“角色扮演能培养孩子相关技能”这一主题，属于一个主要观点下的两个次要点，与A选项的结构框图相符。故选A项。
C
I watch documentaries, not movies. I read history books, not fiction. I use every free moment to accomplish one of the tasks on my never-ending checklist, and I am completely filled with thoughts of productivity. An hour sleeping is an hour wasted. And like the rest of 21st century America, I like it. But this fixation on productivity is increasingly destroying character and transforming men into robots.
New York Times columnist David Brooks warned American University students of this cultural decline in a speech. “We cut off all things spiritual and emotional in a competitive urge to stand out”, he said, “The pressure to succeed professionally, to acquire skills, to do the things you need to do to succeed in an information age economy really became the overwhelming(难以应付的)pressures, and it sort of weakens the thinking about character and morality.”
Many students happily go to college, viewing it as a next step on their rise to professional achievement. Forcing as many success-building activities into their schedules as they can, they enjoy keeping busy with little sleep. “Today’s outstanding kids are likely to spend their afternoons and weekends shuttling from one skill-improving activity to the next,” Brooks wrote in an article, “We fear failure more than we desire success.”
A century ago, college was about character building. Today, our characters are in decline. We are experts on economics, material things and professional skills. We fail to discuss and understand relationships, emotions and all things spiritual.
Philosopher Karl Popper divided the world into two categories: Clocks and Clouds. Clock problems are those that can be taken apart, examined and solved through deductive reasoning(演绎推理). Clouds cannot be taken apart. Cloud problems represent whole systems that need to be understood in a different way.
“When we have a Cloud problem, we try to turn it into a Clock problem,” Brooks said. And in a reason-centered culture, adding titles to one’s resume becomes a trend. At American University, 85 percent of seniors (and 89 percent of business majors) graduate with at least one practical experience which is often helpful to a student’s future career, but can sometimes draw focus away from academics.
To prevent the death of man’s character, Brooks urges rediscovering our human natures through falling in love. And by love he means love for a task, job, or another person. “Synchronicity is key to happiness,” he said. Rather than crazily increasing our long lists of accomplishments, we need to lose ourselves in what we do, and success will come on its own.
30. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that people ________.
A. are controlled by time B. are eager to achieve
C. are changing their characters D. are keen on reading books more
31. What is the author’s attitude towards colleges that existed a century ago?
A. Tolerant. B. Uncertain. C. Approving. D. Curious.
32. The last paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A. success comes from devotion to work
B. the focus on human natures counts
C. more work contributes to happiness
D. love is more important than focus
33. The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. criticize students’ desire for achievements
B. stress the importance of productivity
C. warn about the pressure to seek success
D. bring awareness to character building
【答案】30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了过分关注效能、追求成功会使得人们对于性格和精神层面的关注减少，最后在文末呼吁人们应该关注性格或精神层面的发展。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But this fixation on productivity is increasingly destroying character and transforming men into robots.(但是对生产效率的痴迷会越来越摧毁人们的性格，且将人逐渐变成了机器人)”可知，人们总想产出更多的东西，完成更多的任务，做出更过的东西。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“A century ago, college was about character building. Today, our characters are in decline.(一个世纪以前，上大学是为了塑造品格。如今，我们的品格在下降)”可知，作者对以前的大学是认可的，赞同的。故选C。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To prevent the death of man’s character, Brooks urges rediscovering our human natures through falling in love. And by love he means love for a task, job, or another person. “Synchronicity is key to happiness,” he said. Rather than crazily increasing our long lists of accomplishments, we need to lose ourselves in what we do, and success will come on its own.(为了预防人格的消亡，Brooks竭力主张通过爱来重新发现我们人类的天性。并且他所说的爱是指对任务，工作或者别人的爱。“同步性是幸福的关键。”他说。我们需要专注于我们的工作，而不是疯狂地增加我们的成就清单，那么成功会自然而然的到来)”可知，最后一段主要告诉我们成功来自于我们对工作的投入和热爱。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“But this fixation on productivity is increasingly destroying character and transforming men into robots.(但是对生产效率的痴迷会越来越摧毁人们的性格，且将人逐渐变成了机器人)”可知，手段提出现在人们存在的问题——我了追求效率而忽视了性格或精神层面的东西；以及最后一段段首“To prevent the death of man’s character, Brooks urges rediscovering our human natures through falling in love.(为了预防人格的消亡，Brooks竭力主张通过爱来重新发现我们人类的天性)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了唤起人们对于性格培养的关注。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Bad News for the Highly Intelligent
There are advantages to being smart. People who do well on IQ tests tend to be more successful in the classroom and the workplace. They also tend to live longer, healthier lives, and are less likely to experience negative life events.
____34____ In a study, Ruth Karpinski and her colleagues carried out a study on the members of Mensa, a high IQ society. The study covered mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Respondents were asked to report whether they had ever suffered from each disorder. The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.
To explain their findings, Karpinski and his team bring up the hyper brain and hyper body theory. This theory holds that, for all of its advantages, being highly intelligent is associated with psychological and physiological “overexcitabilities”, or OE. ___35___This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person. According to the theory, OEs are more common in highly intelligent people. A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent. ___36___
The results of this study must be interpreted (诠释) cautiously. Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder. ___37___All the same, the findings set the stage for research that promises to cast new light on the link between intelligence and health. One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy (基因多效性), which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics. ___38___ In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors. From a practical standpoint, this research may lead to insights about how to improve people’s psychological and physical well-being.
A. Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.
B. There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.
C. It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.
D. Scientists did many researches to understand the reasons behind the advantages.
E. That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.
F. It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.
G. They found that the differences between the respondents were seen for mood and anxiety disorders.
【答案】34. A 35. C 36. E 37. F 38. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高智商也会经历负面事件，甚至更容易有精神障碍。
【34题详解】
根据上文“There are advantages to being smart.(聪明是有好处的)”与下文“The researchers compared the percentage of those who reported disorder to the national average and found that Mensa’s highly intelligent members were more likely to suffer from a range of serious disorders.(研究人员对比了那些报告失调的人与全国平均水平的比例，发现门萨的高智商成员更有可能患有一系列严重的失调)”形成正反对比，上文讲述积极意义对高智商者有利，而下文的消极影响对于高智商者则是坏消息。所以A 选项Now there’s some bad news for those smart people.(现在有些坏消息要告诉那些聪明人)符合上下语境。故选A。
【35题详解】
根据下文“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，本句应与an astonishing sound和conflict with another person有关。据此，C选项It is an unusually strong reaction to an environmental threat or abuse.(这是对环境威胁或虐待的异常强烈的反应)分别与an astonishing sound、conflict with another person相一致。故选C。
【36题详解】
根据上文“A highly intelligent person may overanalyze a disapproving comment made by a boss, imagining negative outcomes that simply wouldn’t occur to someone less intelligent.(一个高智商的人可能会过度分析老板不赞成的评论，想象出一些不那么聪明的人不会想到的负面结果)”和“This can include anything from an astonishing sound to conflict with another person.(这可能包括任何事情，从惊人的声音到与他人发生冲突)”可知，太多的负面结果会使人焦虑，且高智商人可能会与老板发生矛盾，因此更容易焦虑。E选项That may cause the body’s stress response, which may make the person even more anxious.(这可能会引起身体的应激反应，从而使人更加焦虑)与文意相符。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Showing that a disorder is more common in a sample of people with high IQs than in the general population doesn’t prove that high intelligence is the cause of the disorder.(研究表明，智商高的人比普通人更容易患精神障碍，这并不能证明高智商是导致精神障碍的原因)”可知，高智商人更容易患精神障碍的原因可能不是高智商，而是其他原因。F选项It’s also possible that people who join Mensa differ from other people in ways other than just IQ.(也有可能加入门萨的人除了智商之外还有其他不同之处)符合文意。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文“One possibility is that associations between intelligence and health outcomes reflect pleiotropy , which occurs when a gene influences seemingly unrelated characteristics.(一种可能性是，智力和健康结果之间的关联反映了多效性，当一个基因影响看似不相关的基因时就会发生这种多效性特征)”和下文“In a 2015 study, Rosalind Arden and her colleagues concluded that the association between IQ and living longer is mostly explained by genetic factors.(在罗莎琳德·阿登和她的同事们在2015年的一项研究中得出结论，智商与长寿之间的关联是不确定的主要是遗传因素造成的)”可知，上文讲的是一种结论，而后文则是一项实际研究的结果。B选项There is already some evidence to suggest that this is the case.(已经有一些证据表明这是事实)符合上下语境。故选B。
第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
阅读短文，回答问题。
Cleaning the ocean of plastic
These days, we’re all well aware of the plastic problem the world’s facing. Although we all realize what a serious issue plastic pollution is, it’s different when you actually see the overwhelming results of it for yourself.
A team of researchers recently published a study on the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch in the journal Scientific Reports. According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California in the US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste. At 1.6 million square kilometers, it’s over four times the size of Japan, or almost 100 times the size of Beijing.
“I’ve been doing this research for a while, but it was depressing to see the patch in person,” Laurent Lebreton, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “There were things you just wondered how they made it into the ocean. There’s clearly an increasing influx of plastic into the garbage patch.”
It’s believed that eight million tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year and a lot of it ends up collecting near large ocean currents around the world, forming “islands” of plastic. This causes problems not only for sea creatures, but also for humans. The swirling ocean currents eventually break down some of the plastic, with a lot of it ending up in the stomachs of fish and birds. As a result, it’s believed that plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates - not to mention the countless creatures that choke on plastic waste, or are poisoned by the chemicals in it.
So what can we do about this? Lebreton is a member of the Ocean Cleanup Foundation, a group that’s developed technology to collect plastic waste from the ocean. This is a huge project. The group claims it will take around five years just to clean up half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch alone. But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more careful of how we use it. “In my opinion, plastic is very useful ... But I think we must change the way we use plastic, particularly in terms of single-use plastic and those objects that have a very short service lifespan,” he told the BBC.
39. What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch made up of?
40. Why does plastic also cause problems for humans?
41. Please paraphrase the following sentence.
It’s believed that the eight million tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year, and a lot of it ends up collecting near large ocean currents around world, forming “islands” of plastic.
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Laurent Lebreton thinks that plastic is very useful, but we have to stop using plastic completely to protect the ocean.
43. Please provide at least two suggestions on what we can do to change the way we use plastic. (about 20 words)
【答案】39. 79000 tons of plastic waste.
40. Because plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates.
41. 略（至少对句子的两处语言进行正确改写）
42. Underline: we have to stop using plastic completely.
Lebreton believes that we should be more careful of how we use plastic instead of not using it at all.
43. We can take our own bottles to buy milk tea.
We can bring our own tote bags when shopping.
We can buy less bottled water.
We can reuse plastic bags as often as possible.
We can give plastic bottles to the recycling station.
We can use our own cutlery when eating takeouts.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随处可见的塑料制品形成不计其数的塑料垃圾给海洋生物和人类带来了危害。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“According to the study, the patch, which is located off the coast of California in the US, is made up of 79,000 tons of plastic waste.(根据这份研究，这块位于美国加州海岸外的垃圾带由79000吨塑料垃圾组成)”可知，太平洋垃圾带是由79000吨塑料垃圾组成的。故答案为79000 tons of plastic waste。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As a result, it’s believed that plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates - not to mention the countless creatures that choke on plastic waste, or are poisoned by the chemicals in it.(因此，人们相信塑料已经沿着食物链直接进入我们的盘子——更不用说无数的生物被塑料垃圾窒息，或被里面的化学物质毒害)”可知，塑料垃圾对人类有害是因为塑料已经沿着食物链，直接进入了我们的盘子。故答案为Because plastic has worked its way up the food chain directly onto our plates。
【41题详解】
考查句子结构。It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。句意：人们认为，八百万吨的塑料最终进入海洋并且很多最终聚集在世界各地的大洋洋流附近，形成“塑料岛”。分析句子结构可知，可以把主语从句中and并列的两个句子改为定语从句，去掉并列连词and并把it改为which，于是构成which引导的非限制性定语从句（指代先行词plastic并在从句中作介词of的宾语）。故对句子的两处语言进行正确改写为：去掉and并把it改为which。即：It’s believed that the eight million tons of plastic ends up in the sea each year, a lot of which ends up collecting near large ocean currents around world, forming “islands” of plastic。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But rather than discourage people from using plastic altogether, Lebreton believes that we should simply be more careful of how we use it.(但是Lebreton认为我们应该更加小心使用它，而不是完全阻止人们使用塑料)”可知下面的句子Laurent Lebreton thinks that plastic is very useful, but we have to stop using plastic completely to protect the ocean.( Laurent Lebreton认为塑料非常有用，但是我们不得不停止使用它来保护海洋)错误描述部分是we have to stop using plastic completely。故下划线部分为we have to stop using plastic completely。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““In my opinion, plastic is very useful ... But I think we must change the way we use plastic, particularly in terms of single-use plastic and those objects that have a very short service lifespan,” he told the BBC.(“在我看来，塑料是非常有用的……但是我认为我们必须改变使用塑料的方式，尤其是在一次性塑料和那些使用寿命很短的物品方面”他告诉BBC新闻)”可知，我们在使用塑料时要更加小心，改变我们使用塑料的方法，例如：We can take our own bottles to buy milk tea./We can bring our own tote bags when shopping. /We can buy less bottled water. /We can reuse plastic bags as often as possible. /We can give plastic bottles to the recycling station. /We can use our own cutlery when eating takeouts。
第四部分：课文知识（共15分）
第一节 单词拼写（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示，用单词的适当形式填空。
44. The headmaster in the school is to put forward new ________ （提议）to ban mobile phones on campus. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】proposals
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：学校校长将提出禁止在校园内使用手机的新建议。空格处是名词作宾语，结合汉语提示可知名词“proposal”，符合题意，空格前没有冠词“a/the”，结合语境可知填名词复数。故填proposals。
45. He left me with the first i________ that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】impression##mpression
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他给我留下的第一印象是，他是个和善且有思想的年轻人。分析句子可知，此处使用同位语从句，that后的句子描述的就是空白处的内容，结合谓语动词left应该指留给人的印象，应使用impression表示“印象”。故填impression。
46. She got a perfect score in the final exam, which went far b________ her parents’ expectations. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】beyond##eyond
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她在期末考试中获得了满分，这远远超出了她父母的期望。根据首字母"b"提示及句意可知，此处应该用beyond one‘s expectations短语，意为“超出某人的预期”，故填beyond。
47. Having had the delicious candy, the girl smiled c________ and went to bed for a good sleep. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】contentedly##ontentedly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：享用了美味的糖果后，女孩满意地笑了，上床睡了个好觉。由状语部分和and连接的句子内容来看，女孩是比较开心的，空白处修饰谓语动词smile，需要一个副词，结合所给首字母推知，应使用contentedly表示“满意地”。故填contentedly。
48. She was always i________ her mother’s advice to take an umbrella on cloudy days, so yesterday she was stuck in the heavy rain. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】ignoring##gnoring
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她总是不听妈妈的劝告，在阴天带把伞，所以昨天她被大雨困住了。根据首字母i提示及句意可知，此处应该填写意为“忽视”的动词ignore，根据空前的“was always”可知，此句用过去进行时，故填ignoring。
第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据所给的中文句意，用本学期新学的词组将句子补充完整。
49. 已经调整好了沮丧情绪，他现在更愿意外出与朋友聊天了。
________ his depression, he is now more willing to go outside and chat with his friends.
【答案】Working through/Having worked through
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，“调整好情绪”这一动作的主语即是主句主语he，考虑非谓语动词作状语，可用work through表示“调整（情绪）”，work through与主语he之间是主谓关系，要用现在分词形式，该动作在主句动作之前，可直接用现在分词working through，也可用完成式having working through。故填Working through或Having worked through。
50. 总之(概括来说)，你想要传达什么信息呢？
________, what message are you trying to get across?
【答案】To sum up
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。to sum up为固定搭配表示“总之”，作状语，放句首时首字母大写，故填To sum up。
51. 新年伊始是反思过去一年诸多成就的好时机。
The start of a new year is a good time ________ the many achievements of the past.
【答案】to reflect on
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。It is time to do sth表示“到了做某事时间了”，动词短语reflect on表示“反思；反省”，分析句子成分可知，设空处作time的定语，故填to reflect on。
【点睛】
52. 我很荣幸能被这位著名的教授在论文中提及。
I ________ be mentioned in the famous professor’s paper.
【答案】am honored to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。be honored to do sth.“有幸做某事”，分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合句意可知，这是对客观事实的陈述，应用一般现在时，所以应填am honored to。故填am honored to。
53. 我拒绝我妹妹提出住在一起的建议，因为我就是懒得照顾她的猫。
I refuse my sister’s suggestion on living together, for I just can’t ________ look after her cat.
【答案】be bothered to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。be bothered to do sth.表示“费心做某事”，分析句子结构可知，空格处放在情态动词之后，所以空格处应填动词原形，can’t be bothered to do sth.表示“懒得作某事”。故填be bothered to。
第五部分：写作表达 （共15分）
假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim听说你们已经开始了高考选科，发来邮件询问你的选科情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1. 选考科目；
2. 选考某一科目的原因。
提示：选科subject selection
注意：1. 词数120词左右；2. 开头结尾已给出。
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim听说你们已经开始了高考选科，发来邮件询问你的选科情况，请给他回复邮件，内容包括:
1. 选考科目；
2. 选考某一科目的原因。
提示：选科subject selection
注意：
1. 词数120词左右；
2. 开头结尾已给出。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am delighted to receive your letter inquiring for the information of subject selection in our high school. Now I am writing to share some details with you.
As you know, the National College Entrance Examination is of great importance to every Chinese student. So we must pay special attention to the subject selection. Here are the rules: first, Chinese, English and math is must; second, we need to choose physics or history; third, among the four other subjects, we need to choose two as we wish. For me, I prefer history. It is history that makes me intelligent and let me know how to arrange my life. What about you？What’s your favourite subject?
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim回一封信，向他介绍高考选科的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy→delighted
询问：ask→inquire
重要性：significance→importance
聪明的：smart→intelligent
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I am delighted to receive your letter asking for the information of subject selection in our high school. Now I am writing to share some details with you.
拓展句：Delighted to receive your letter asking for the information of subject selection in our high school, I am writing to share some details with you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As you know, the National College Entrance Examination is of great importance to every Chinese student.（as引导的非限制性定语从句；be of + 抽象名词）
[高分句型2] It is history that makes me smart and let me know how to arrange my life.（强调句）