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2022-2023学年浙江省宁波市三锋教研联盟高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年浙江省宁波市三锋教研联盟高二（下）期中英语试卷（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年浙江省宁波市三锋教研联盟高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth，exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.
High School Studio Workshops
Single museum visit，2.5 hours
Grades 9—12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries，followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio，where students create a related art project.
During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and develop theories based on their observations.
Students will have the opportunity to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have in the galleries.
Museum Marker：Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11—12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives high school students the tools to experience and understand art.Participants will gain the knowledge of how an art museum works.
Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10：00 am to 3：00 pm.Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing in the Galleries
Grades 7—12，90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries.Using close observation，group discussion，and personal reflection，they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms，including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accommodated （容纳） at each session.
1. What can students do at High School Studio Workshops？ ______
A. Guide them how to write free-form poetry.
B. Explain how museums operate.
C. Develop their art theories based on their observations.
D. Deliver lectures on artistic works.
2. What can students get from Museum Maker？ ______
A. Tools to create a work of art in the studio.
B. Knowledge about how museums work.
C. Experience of running a museum.
D. Chances to voice their personal responses.
3. Where might this article be taken from？ ______
A. A travel journal. B. A research report.
C. An education magazine. D. A teaching design.
B
In the August sun，it's unbearably hot in my car.I'm in Vancouver，approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after work.It's 5：15 pm.Traffic is already slowing down and then it comes to a full stop.I'm stuck even before getting on the bridge.
This has become my normal work commute （上下班往返） routine.Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp （匝道）.I stare at the endless rows of vehicles，depressed.
At first I think this is not how it looks.The traffic will soon start moving.Seconds pass.Minutes pass.Looking at the rows of cars and trucks glittering （闪光） in the sun，I start counting — 299，300，301 — and I give up.
Suddenly I remember I'm one of the 300 helpless drivers.But I stay alert （警觉的）.When the cars do move，I move carefully，making sure not to bump into other vehicles.Finally，I make it onto the bridge.The traffic is still crawling at a snail's pace.Tired and hungry，I become very anxious.
Just then，I hear a weak sound in the distance.The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can identify it as an ambulance approaching from behind.What do we do？The bridge is packed.There's no room for us to move.
But I'm wrong.Every single car quickly，yet carefully，moves to the side.Without thinking，I follow suit.The lane remains open for a few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through.
Afterward，every car moves back.We close up the emergency lane，ready to continue our patient wait.Back in my spot，I'm awestruck.I forget my tiredness and hunger.My anxiety is gone.I start reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did.
How did we do that？Despite our exhaustion，we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did.We drew on our sympathy and intelligence，requiring no directives.
Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge，I'm connected to all the other drivers.Together we could make the impossible possible.
4. How does the author feel when seeing the on-ramp？ ______
A. Annoyed. B. Discouraged. C. Calm. D. Shocked.
5. What does the author think when knowing an ambulance is approaching？ ______
A. It will be hard for it to pass through.
B. Someone should direct the traffic.
C. All drivers will be willing to move.
D. Whoever is inside needs immediate help.
6. What does the word "awestruck" underlined in Paragraph 7 most probably mean？ ______
A. Deeply anxious. B. Feeling amazed.
C. Extremely exhausted. D. Feeling depressed.
7. What does the author think made the miracle happen？ ______
A. The drivers' good driving skills.
B. Instructions from a stranger.
C. People's kindness.
D. The ambulance's rescue.
C
Of the 8，300 million tons of virgin （原始的） plastic produced up to the end of 2015，6，300 million tons have been discarded （丢弃）.Most of that plastic waste is still with us，buried in landfills or polluting the environment.Microplastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice，in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world.
But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives？For the sake of the planet，it would be a tempting prospect — but we'd quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence.
In hospitals，the loss of plastic would be devastating. "Imagine trying to run a dialysis （透析） unit with no plastic"，says Sharon George，senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK.Plastic is used in gloves，tubing，blood bags，sample tubes and more.
Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health.Face masks，including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators （人工呼吸器），as well as reusable cloth masks，have helped slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. "A mask that you have for COVID is related to our safety and the safety of others，" says George. "The impact of taking that away could be loss of life if you took it away on a big scale."
Our food system would also quickly come apart.We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves，as well as for communication and marketing. "I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system，" says Eleni Iacovidou，a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London.
Swapping out plastic packaging would have knock-on （产生连锁反应的） environmental effects.While glass has some advantages over plastic，such as being endlessly recyclable，a one-liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800 g compared to a 40 g plastic one.When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances，carbon emissions grow even more.
It's clear that replacing one material with another won't solve all our plastic problems.
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph？ ______
A. To give a definition. B. To report on a study.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To describe a phenomenon.
9. What does the underlined word "devastating" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？ ______
A. Interesting. B. Practical. C. Predictable. D. Destructive.
10. What is Eleni Iacovidou's attitude toward removing plastic totally in food system？ ______
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Optimistic. D. Uninterested.
11. Which would be the best title for the text？ ______
A. What if we stopped using plastic？
B. Is plastic packaging bad for the environment？
C. More recycling won't solve plastic pollution
D. Swapping out plastic for sustainable living
D
Despite the bad reputation of sharks，they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change.
In the shallows of Shark Bay，Western Australia，seagrass is food for the sea cows，which can weigh as much as 500 kg and eat roughly 40 kg of seagrass a day.Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks.By keeping the sea cow population controlled，tiger sharks here help the seagrass grow sustainably.A booming seagrass meadow stores twice as much CO2 per square mile as forests typically do on land.
But tiger shark numbers are declining.Off Australia's northeast coast of Queensland，tiger sharks are estimated to have fallen by at least 71 percent，largely due to overfishing.A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass consumed by herbivores （食草动物） and less carbon stored in sea vegetation.This raised the question：What if they were absent from the Shark Bay — would the seagrass-dominated ecosystem survive？
To find out，researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University，spent time in Eastern Australia，where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed. "When uncontrolled，sea cows can rapidly destroy wide areas of seagrass，" said Nowicki.
Those findings emphasized that tiger sharks were playing an important role in preventing the reduction of seagrass in Shark Bay.If their populations continue to decline，the resilience of carbon-rich ocean ecosystems will likely decrease.
When it comes to stimulating shark numbers，there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing，but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods，which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators （捕食者） continues to decline.
Aside from supporting sustainable fishing，Nowicki said the only way to truly protect marine life is to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions. "Ultimately，if we are going to protect our ecosystems in the centuries to come，we are going to need to solve climate change while undertaking species protection at the same time."
12. Why are tiger sharks vital to the marine ecosystem？ ______
A. They feed on various sea animals.
B. They can store large amounts of CO2.
C. They can prevent the loss of seagrass.
D. They influence marine species distribution.
13. What did Rob Nowicki's team want to find out in Eastern Australia？ ______
A. How sea cows destroy the seagrass community.
B. How shark population influences the ocean ecosystem.
C. What was contributing to the declining number of tiger sharks.
D. What to do to recover the seagrass-dominated ecosystem.
14. What is the main reason for the population reduction of many top predators in marine ecosystems？
______
A. Climate change.
B. Water pollution.
C. Loss of seagrass.
D. Unsustainable fishing approaches.
15. What's the main idea of the text？ ______
A. We should protect our environment.
B. The number of tiger sharks is decreasing.
C. Climate change causes the loss of seagrass.
D. Tiger sharks are vital to the health of the marine ecosystem.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
You've probably heard countless times how exercise is "good for you".But did you know that it can improve your mood too？（ 1） ______ .
Exercising regularly can help prevent weight gain，type 2 diabetes，heart disease，and high blood pressure.Exercises like jumping or lifting weights can help keep your bones strong.Also，when you exercise，your body makes chemicals that help you feel good.Exercise lowers your chances of depression and decreases feelings of anxiety. （2） ______ .
Considering all the health benefits of being physically active，it's easy to see why doing exercise is wise.And the great thing is that it's never too late to start. （3） ______ — like taking a short bike ride，walking the dog or raking （用耙子拢） leaves.
However，sometimes you may find it hard to keep exercising regularly. （4） ______ .If what you're doing isn't fun，it's hard to keep it up.But there are many different sports and activities you can try and see which one inspires you.If you need a little more motivation，take a class，join a team or find an exercise buddy to help keep you on track.
（ 5） ______ ， even those with disabilities or medical problems.But if you have a health problem or other concerns，talk to your doctor before beginning an exercise plan.
A.Even small things can count as exercise
B.Everyone can benefit from moving more and sitting less
C.Exercise benefits every part of the body，including the mind
D.Sports and activities that encourage flexibility are easy to find
E.One of the biggest reasons people drop an exercise program is a lack of interest
F.Plus，exercise can give you a sense of accomplishment after you achieve a goal
G.Strengthening the heart，muscles and bones isn't the only important goal of exercise
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Aged 25，I'd been （1） ______ home when my wheels hit a puddle and I lost control.The car flew through the air，and when it landed，my body was soaked in blood.
（ 2） ______ ，a driver stopped to help me and I was cut out of my vehicle.Looking up in the ambulance，I saw a （3） ______ face. "You lectured us not long ago，" I said to Dr Stephen Rashford，my former teacher.Before he could reply，I began to （4） ______ ：How would I become a doctor now？Seeing the fear in my eyes，he tried to （5） ______ me. "Everything will be okay，" he said. "If you want to get back to medicine after this，you'll find a way."
When I was alone in hospital，I （6） ______ completely. "I'm crippled （残废）!" I cried，noting the many tubes coming out of me.
After eight months in hospital，I went back home，having （7） ______ some upper limb （上肢） function and the ability to sit up again. （8） ______ I had no movement in my fingers and legs.Despite all the misfortunes，over time，I began to （9） ______ what had happened to me and I could still enjoy life.
As time passed，academics at university （10） ______ me. "If you want to come back，now is the time you told me." However，returning to study after five years away was a （11） ______ .
In 2016，I passed my exams in university and was eventually （12） ______ a scholarship at Gold Coast University Hospital.I can do everything from ultrasounds （超声波） to inserting cannulas （插管），but I know the most （13） ______ part of being a good doctor is having a heart.The patients never showed any （14） ______ about having me，a person with walking disability，as their doctor.In fact，a man in a wheelchair even expressed his confidence in me. "You understand what I'm （15） ______ ，" he said.
21. A. driving B. walking C. running D. skipping
22. A. Apparently B. Luckily C. Accidentally D. Actually
23. A. ordinary B. normal C. strange D. familiar
24. A. panic B. hesitate C. regret D. freeze
25. A. cheat B. remind C. comfort D. persuade
26. A. broke up B. broke down C. broke through D. broke out
27. A. eased B. regained C. performed D. improved
28. A. But B. Besides C. With D. Addition
29. A. realize B. value C. forget D. accept
30. A. mentioned B. questioned C. called D. absorbed
31. A. chance B. reward C. reputation D. challenge
32. A. ranked B. enrolled C. grabbed D. offered
33. A. useful B. important C. demanding D. relevant
34. A. distrust B. impatience C. disrespect D. impoliteness
35. A. doing B. seeking C. experiencing D. expecting
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Social media is a platform （1） ______ people from all over the world can connect and interact with each other.It has become one of the biggest platforms ever in history and （2） ______ （change） so many things in our life.Students are also using social media in a number of （3） ______ （way）.
Social media provides a platform for students （4） ______ （learn） and communicate.Learning has gone beyond classrooms，and social learning is involved in almost all the e-learning websites.Students can also take advantage （5） ______ live video that is a part of so many social networking sites to take classes.
Social media also offers students （6） ______ tool to express themselves.Many students are scared of the thought of what will happen if they express themselves.And social media helps them to share their thoughts without any fear，（ 7） ______ （make） it more likely for them to come out of the box and explore their talents.When students （8） ______ （active） take part in social media，they may come to a global level.For instance，they can even learn about the different courses （9） ______ （present） by universities from all around the world，which is （10） ______ （benefit） for them to improve their knowledge of foreign cultures.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你校最近新成立的乒乓球俱乐部正在招募会员。请你写封邮件告知一直想学乒乓球的交换生好友John。内容包括：1.俱乐部简介；2.鼓励加入；3.申请方式。
注意：（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
提示词：recruit 招募
Dear John，
Yours， Li Hua
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine was the coolest kid in her class.Whenever she went,she was in the spotlight,with a bunch of kids following her and doing everything she did.
Her desk mate,Landy,however,was not in the cool kids' group.Being the tallest kid in her class,she was teased by her classmates,who were always chanting "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti （意大利面）".Every time Landy heard those silly chants,she could feel her face burst into flames.God knew how she wished the ground to crack and swallow her!
Catherine didn't really like it when the kids chanted "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti".But she never told them to stop either,and nor did she ever talk to her.She liked being popular.
One weekend,Catherine went over to her grandfather for Thanksgiving.Her grandfather lived on a farm at the opposite end of town,where he kept chickens.While helping to feed the chickens,Catherine noticed a peculiar one.Curling in the corner,it looked smaller than the others and was almost half-bare!
"What's the matter with it？" She asked her grandfather,with a puzzled frown on her face.Her grandfather told her how chickens could act. "They have a pecking （啄） order, " he explained,wrinkles of concern spreading around his forehead. "If one chicken is different,the others will push it away and keep pecking it.Sometimes they peck it so much that it dies. "
"Oh,what a poor little thing!" Catherine let out a sigh as she scooped the frightened chicken up in her arms,whose heart was beating fast in the bony little body.Suddenly,she thought of Landy,the girl being "pecked" by her classmates. "I'm going to take it home and take good care of it, "she said with a determined look.
Back in school,Catherine told the cool kids about the chicken. "It's looking healthy, " she said proudly. "It's fatter and its feathers are growing.Even the cat likes it.She carries it around the garden,and. . . " Everyone was entertained by Catherine's story of her lovely chicken,laughter lingering around the classroom.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.________
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said.__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文High School Studio Workshops部分中的关键句During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and develop theories based on their observations.（在工作坊期间，国家美术馆的教育者将鼓励学生仔细观察艺术作品，然后分享他们的回答，并根据他们的观察提出理论。）可知，在High School Studio Workshops中，学生可以基于对艺术品的观察提出他们自己的艺术理论。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。由本文Museum Marker：Exploring Art and Museums部分中的关键句Participants will gain the knowledge of how an art museum works.（参与者将了解艺术博物馆的运作方式。）可知，从Museum Maker项目中学生可以得到博物馆如何运作的知识。故选B。
（3）文章出处题。由本文第一段High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth，exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.（国家美术馆的高中课程重视深度而非广度，通过一个特定的问题或主题探索原创艺术作品。）并结合文中对三个具体的课程项目内容的介绍，可推知这篇文章围绕艺术博物馆教育展开，可能出自一本教育杂志。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家美术馆的高中课程，给出了三个具体的课程项目，包括面向的学生群体、项目主要内容等信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】B、A、B、C
【解析】（1）观点态度题。根据第二段中Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp （匝道）.I stare at the endless rows of vehicles，depressed.（我前面是一个严重堵塞的入口匝道。我盯着那一望无际的车辆，心情沮丧。）可知，作者看到入口匝道的时候心情是沮丧的，B项"Discouraged（心灰意冷的）"符合题意。A．Annoyed.生气的；B．Discouraged.气馁的；C．Calm.冷静的；D．Shocked.惊讶的。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段中The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can identify it as an ambulance approaching from behind.What do we do？The bridge is packed.There's no room for us to move.（声音逐渐变大，直到我能认出那是一辆救护车从后面驶来。我们该怎么办？桥上堵塞了。没有地方让我们移动。）可知，当救护车驶近的时候，因为桥上拥堵，作者认为车辆无法移动让出空间。由此推知，作者认为救护车很难通过，A项符合题意。故选A。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第七段中划线词后的"I forget my tiredness and hunger.My anxiety is gone.（我忘记了我的疲劳和饥饿。我的焦虑消失了。）可推知，作者原本以为拥堵的车辆无法为救护车腾出空间，但是大家井然有序地、快速地让出了路，让作者忘记了堵车的种种不愉快。由此推知，作者应该是惊奇不已的，B项"Feeling amazed（感到震惊的）"与awestruck意思相近。A．Deeply anxious.深感焦虑的；B．Feeling amazed.感到惊讶的；C．Extremely exhausted.极度疲惫的；D．Feeling depressed.感到沮丧的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Despite our exhaustion，we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did.We drew on our sympathy and intelligence，requiring no directives.（尽管我们筋疲力尽，我们还是集体决定帮助那个比我们更需要时间的陌生人。我们依靠自己的同情和智慧，不需要任何指示。）可知，作者认为救护车得以通过是因为大家富有同情和智慧，愿意帮助救护车上的陌生人，是人们的善意令奇迹发生，C项符合题意。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班回家的途中遇上严重的堵塞，心情沮丧。此时一辆救护车从后方驶来，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道让救护车通过，作者由此感悟到大家的善意，感受到人与人之间的联系。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】C、D、A、A
【解析】（1）写作意图题。由本文第一段内容Of the 8，300 million tons of virgin （原始的） plastic produced up to the end of 2015，6，300 million tons have been discarded （丢弃）.Most of that plastic waste is still with us，buried in landfills or polluting the environment.Microplastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice，in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world.（截至2015年底，全球生产了83亿吨未加工塑料，其中63亿吨已被丢弃。大部分塑料垃圾仍然存在，被埋在垃圾填埋场或污染着环境。在南极海冰、生活在最深海沟的动物内脏以及世界各地的饮用水中都发现了微塑料。）可知，文章开头用目前广泛讨论的塑料问题引入，吸引读者的注意，继而转到后面如果将全部塑料替换清除的讨论。所以第一段的目的在于引入话题。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。由本文第三段中Sharon George所说的话Imagine trying to run a dialysis （透析） unit with no plastic（想象一下在没有塑料的情况下运行透析设备），和Plastic is used in gloves，tubing，blood bags，sample tubes and more.（塑料被用于手套、管道、血袋、样管等。）可知，塑料在医院这样的医疗场所被广泛使用，无法替代，如果塑料被清除，那么后果是毁灭性的。因此划线词devastating意思是"破坏性的"。A．Interesting.有趣的；B．Practical.实际的；C．Predictable.可预测的；D．Destructive.破坏性的。故选D。
（3）观点态度题。由本文倒数第三段中Eleni Iacovidou所说的话I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system（我无法想象塑料在我们的系统中如何被完全取代），可知，塑料在食品体系中至关重要，如果被取代是无法想象的。由此推知，Eleni对于取代食品体系中的塑料是持怀疑态度的，A．Doubtful.怀疑的；B．Supportive.支持的；C．Optimistic.乐观的；D．Uninterested.不感兴趣的。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。由本文第二段But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives？For the sake of the planet，it would be a tempting prospect — but we'd quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence.（但如果我们能挥动魔杖，从我们的生活中清除所有塑料呢？为了地球，这将是一个诱人的前景，但我们很快就会发现塑料已经蔓延到我们存在的各个方面。）并通读全文可知，虽然塑料造成了很多问题，但是停止使用塑料是难以想象的。文章从塑料在医疗应用、维持健康、食品体系等方面的广泛运用，以及清除塑料带来的糟糕的连锁反应方面，介绍了停止使用塑料的后果。因此，A项"如果我们停止使用塑料会怎么样？"可概括文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。虽然塑料造成了很多问题，但是停止使用塑料是难以想象的。文章从塑料在医疗应用、维持健康、食品体系等方面的广泛运用，以及清除塑料带来的糟糕的连锁反应方面，介绍了停止使用塑料的后果。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】C、B、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二段中的关键句In the shallows of Shark Bay，Western Australia，seagrass is food for the sea cows，which can weigh as much as 500 kg and eat roughly 40 kg of seagrass a day.Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks.By keeping the sea cow population controlled，tiger sharks here help the seagrass grow sustainably.（在澳大利亚西部鲨鱼湾的浅滩，海牛以海草为食，它们的体重可达500公斤，每天要吃大约40公斤的海草。海牛是虎鲨丰富的食物来源。通过控制海牛的数量，虎鲨帮助海草持续生长。）可知虎鲨吃海牛，海牛数量减少，海草数量可以增长，从而维持海洋生态平衡，所以推断出虎鲨对海洋生态系统至关重要是因为它们可以防止海草的流失。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句This raised the question：What if they were absent from the Shark Bay — would the seagrass-dominated ecosystem survive？（这就提出了一个问题：如果鲨鱼湾没有了虎鲨，以海草为主的生态系统还能生存吗？）和第四段中的关键句To find out，researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University，spent time in Eastern Australia，where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed.（为了找到答案，由佛罗里达国际大学的Rob Nowicki领导的研究人员在东澳大利亚度过了一段时间，那里鲨鱼数量较少，海牛吃海草基本上不受干扰。）可知Rob Nowicki的团队想在澳大利亚东部找到是为了探究鲨鱼种群如何影响海洋生态系统。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由本文倒数第二段的内容When it comes to stimulating shark numbers，there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing，but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods，which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators （捕食者） continues to decline.（在刺激鲨鱼数量方面，已经有了支持更可持续捕捞的运动，但该行业的很大一部分人没有改变他们的方法，这就是许多海洋顶级捕食者数量持续下降的原因。）可知不可持续的捕鱼方法是海洋生态系统中许多顶级捕食者数量减少的主要原因。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容Despite the bad reputation of sharks，they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change.（尽管鲨鱼名声不好，但它们对海洋生态系统的健康至关重要，甚至可以帮助对抗气候变化。）可知本文主要讲述了虎鲨对海洋生态系统健康的至关重要性。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章认为虎鲨对于海洋生态系统的健康至关重要，解释了重要的原因，介绍了目前虎鲨数量急剧减少的现象，以及背后的原因和可能造成的危害，最后呼吁我们支持可持续的捕捞和减少温室气体排放。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】C、F、A、E、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。空处位于第一段段末，应承上启下。上文You've probably heard countless times how exercise is "good for you".But did you know that it can improve your mood too？（你可能已经听过无数次运动是如何"对你有好处"的。但你知道它也能改善你的情绪吗？）提到运动对身体和情绪有好处，C．Exercise benefits every part of the body，including the mind（锻炼对身体的每个部分都有好处，包括头脑）符合语境，总领下文，故选C。
（2）联系上文题。上文Also，when you exercise，your body makes chemicals that help you feel good.Exercise lowers your chances of depression and decreases feelings of anxiety.（此外，当你锻炼时，你的身体会产生帮助你感觉良好的化学物质。锻炼可以降低抑郁和焦虑的几率。）是具体讲述运动的好处，F．Plus，exercise can give you a sense of accomplishment after you achieve a goal（此外，锻炼可以在你实现目标后给你一种成就感）与上文并列，也是具体描述运动的好处，故选F。
（3）细节理解题。上文And the great thing is that it's never too late to start.（最棒的是，现在开始永远都不晚。）提到现在开始运动也不晚，结合下文like taking a short bike ride，walking the dog or raking （用耙子拢） leaves（比如骑一小段自行车，遛狗或用耙子拢树叶。）可知，此处是列举能起到锻炼作用的一些小事，故A．Even small things can count as exercise（即使是很小的事情也可以算作锻炼）符合语境。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。上文However，sometimes you may find it hard to keep exercising regularly.（然而，有时你会发现很难保持有规律的锻炼。）提到有时很难保持有规律的锻炼，结合下文If what you're doing isn't fun，it's hard to keep it up.（如果你正在做的事情不有趣，就很难坚持下去。）可知，空处应是说明很难保持有规律的锻炼的原因---缺乏兴趣，E．One of the biggest reasons people drop an exercise program is a lack of interest（人们放弃锻炼计划的最大原因之一是缺乏兴趣）符合语境，故选E。
（5）段落主题题。此处是总结上文，根据下文even those with disabilities or medical problems.（即使是那些有残疾或身体有问题的人。）推知，空处指出人人都能从锻炼中受益。B．Everyone can benefit from moving more and sitting less（每个人都能从多动少坐中受益）符合语境，衔接合理。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了运动对人有好处以及如何开始运动。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】A、B、D、A、C、B、B、A、D、C、D、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.driving开车；B.walking步行；C.running跑步；D.skipping跳过。句意：25岁那年，我开车回家，突然车轮撞上了一个水坑，我失去了控制。根据下文"when my wheels hit a puddle"可知，作者是开车回家的。故选A。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.Apparently显然地；B.Luckily幸运地；C.Accidentally意外地；D.Actually实际上。句意：幸运的是，一名司机停下车来帮助我，我被从车里拉了出来。根据下文"a driver stopped to help me"可知，作者被路过的司机救了出来，应该是幸运的。故选B。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ordinary普通的；B.normal正常的；C.strange奇怪的；D.familiar熟悉的。句意：在救护车上，我抬头看到一张熟悉的脸。根据下文"I said to Dr Stephen Rashford，my former teacher"可知，作者在救护车上遇到了之前的老师，所以看到的是熟悉的脸。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.panic慌乱；B.hesitate犹豫；C.regret后悔；D.freeze冻住。句意：他还没来得及回答，我就开始慌了：现在我怎么能成为一名医生呢？根据下文"How would I become a doctor now？"可知，作者因为出车祸受伤，开始担心自己再也无法成为医生，所以开始慌张。故选A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.cheat欺骗；B.remind提醒；C.comfort安慰；D.persuade说服。句意：看到我眼中的恐惧，他试图安慰我。根据下文"Everything will be okay"和"If you want to get back to medicine after this，you'll find a way."可知，Stephen Rashford教授告诉作者一切都会好的，还是会有机会当医生的，所以是在安慰作者。故选C。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.broke up解散；B.broke down崩溃；C.broke through突破；D.broke out爆发。句意：当我一个人在医院时，我完全崩溃了。根据下文""I'm crippled （残废）!" I cried，noting the many tubes coming out of me."可知，作者的伤很严重，他认为自己会变成残废，所以是崩溃了。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.eased缓解；B.regained重获；C.performed操作；D.improved提高。句意：在医院住了8个月后，我回到了家，恢复了一些上肢功能和重新坐起来的能力。根据上文""I'm crippled （残废）!" I cried，noting the many tubes coming out of me."可推知，作者一开始的时候伤非常严重，只能躺在病床上，8个月后回到家应该是伤恢复了一些，重新获得了上肢的功能。故选B。
（8）考查连词及语境理解。A.But但是；B.Besides此外；C.With借助；D.Addition增添。句意：但是我的手指和腿都不能动了。根据下文"I had no movement in my fingers and legs"和上文"having （7）______ some upper limb （上肢） function and the ability to sit up again"可知，两者之间存在转折关系，虽然作者上肢的功能和坐起来的能力恢复了，但是下肢和手指的功能没有恢复。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.realize意识到；B.value珍视；C.forget忘记；D.accept接受。句意：尽管有这么多不幸，但随着时间的推移，我开始接受发生在我身上的事情，我仍然可以享受生活。根据下文"I could still enjoy life"可知，作者慢慢享受生活，所以是接受了自己的情况。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.mentioned提到；B.questioned质疑；C.called打电话；D.absorbed吸收。句意：随着时间的流逝，大学里的老师给我打电话。根据下文"If you want to come back，now is the time you told me."可知，大学老师是给作者打电话，告知他如果他想的话，可以回到校园。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.chance机会；B.reward奖励；C.reputation名声；D.challenge挑战。句意：但是，离开五年后重返校园是一个挑战。根据上文"returning to study after five years away"和常识可知，离开校园很久再回去学习是个挑战。故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.ranked排名；B.enrolled注册；C.grabbed抓住；D.offered提供。句意：2016年，我通过了大学考试，并最终获得了黄金海岸大学医院的奖学金。根据空后"a scholarship"可知，作者是被提供了一份奖学金。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.useful有用的；B.important重要的；C.demanding苛刻的；D.relevant相关的。句意：从做超声波到插管，我什么都能做，但我知道做一个好医生最重要的部分是要有一颗心。根据语境和常识可知，一颗心是做医生最重要的品质。故选B。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.distrust不信任；B.impatience不耐烦；C.disrespect不尊重；D.impoliteness不礼貌。句意：病人们从来没有对我这个有行走障碍的人作为他们的医生表现出任何不信任。根据下文"having me，a person with walking disability，as their doctor"可推知，如果医生有行走障碍的话，患者可能会不信任医生，这里指但是患者们全然相信作者。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.doing做；B.seeking寻找；C.experiencing经历；D.expecting期待。句意：他说："你理解我的感受。"根据上文"a man in a wheelchair even expressed his confidence in me"可知，轮椅上的男子对作者充满信心，应该是因为作者行动有障碍，可以理解男子正在经历的事情。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者因车祸不幸失去了部分行动能力，一开始非常崩溃，后来逐渐接受现实，并且重返校园完成学业，成为了一名医生。作者的行动障碍并没有引起患者们的不信任，相反有些患者因此对作者充满信心。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】where
【小题2】has changed
【小题3】ways
【小题4】to learn
【小题5】of
【小题6】a
【小题7】making
【小题8】actively
【小题9】presented
【小题10】beneficial
【解析】（1）考查定语从句。句意：社交媒体是一个平台，来自世界各地的人们可以相互联系和互动。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词platform，从句成分完整，先行词是一个地点，空处用关系副词where。故填where。
（2）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它已经成为历史上最大的平台之一，改变了我们生活中的许多事情。分析句子可知，and连接前后两个并列的谓语，has become为第三人称单数、现在完成时，空处也保持一致，用has changed。故填has changed。
（3）考查可数名词的复数。句意：学生们也以多种方式使用社交媒体。根据空前的"a number of"可知，可数名词way需用复数形式。故填ways。
（4）考查不定式。句意：社交媒体为学生提供了一个学习和交流的平台。根据"provides a platform for students"可知，句子用了for sb.to do sth.的复合结构，空处需用动词不定式to learn，作platform的后置定语。故填to learn。
（5）考查固定短语。句意：学生们还可以利用许多社交网站上的视频直播来上课。此处为固定短语take advantage of，表示"利用"。故填of。
（6）考查冠词。句意：社交媒体也为学生提供了一个表达自我的工具。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指"一个工具"，应用不定冠词，tool的发音以辅音音素开头，空处用a。故填a。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：社交媒体帮助他们毫无畏惧地分享自己的想法，让他们更有可能跳出固有的思维模式，发掘自己的才能。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处需用非谓语动词。空处以后的内容是前面行为的结果，用现在分词making作结果状语。故填making。
（8）考查副词。句意：当学生积极参与社交媒体时，他们可能会达到全球水平。空处修饰动词take part in，应用副词actively，表示"积极地"。故填actively。
（9）考查过去分词。句意：例如，他们甚至可以了解世界各地大学开设的不同课程，这有助于他们提高对外国文化的了解。分析句子可知，主句主干成分齐全，空处需用非谓语动词。present和courses逻辑上是被动的关系，空处用过去分词presented，作后置定语修饰courses。故填presented。
（10）考查形容词。句意：例如，他们甚至可以了解世界各地大学开设的不同课程，这有助于他们提高对外国文化的了解。空处是从句的表语，需用形容词beneficial，表示"有益的"。故填beneficial。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生使用社交媒体的多种方式，社交媒体帮助学生学习交流、表达自我、了解更多的文化。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear John，
I'm writing to tell you a good news that a table tennis club is now recruiting new members，which I think might interest you.【高分句型一】（写信背景）
Aiming to enrich students' after-school life，the club has been set up in our school recently.（俱乐部简介）Not only will it organize training on weekends，but also it will offer the members chances to play matches.As you like the sport，I think it's a good opportunity for you to join the club，where you will surely learn much.【高分句型二】（鼓励加入）
If you are interested，please email at TTClub@qq.com to make an application before next Wednesday.（申请方式）It won't let you down!
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I'm writing to tell you a good news that a table tennis club is now recruiting new members，which I think might interest you.
翻译：我写信告诉你一个好消息，乒乓球俱乐部正在招募新会员，我认为你会对这个感兴趣。
分析：本句运用了that引导的同位语从句、which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：As you like the sport，I think it's a good opportunity for you to join the club，where you will surely learn much.
翻译：因为你喜欢体育，我认为对你来说，加入俱乐部是很好的机会，在这里你肯定会学到很多。
分析：本句运用了as引导的原因状语从句以及where引导的非限制性定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.She kept her head down with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual.It hit Catherine that the pecking order worked in school,too.Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height. 【高分句型一】"It's time for me to make an apology to Landy." Catherine thought to herself.No sooner had she made up her mind than she announced it to the cool kids surrounding her.Astonished at what she said,all the kids burst out screaming, "Talking to the long spaghetti？Are you crazy？" （Catherine发现Landy被冷落的样子而产生的联想，Catherine准备道歉，引起其他同学的惊讶）
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said. "Hi,Landy.I'm sorry about the spaghetti thing." Catherine murmured an apology,her face reddening. "I know it hurts you.Can you forgive us？" She figured Landy might just walk away.But she lifted her misty eyes and nodded yes.Catherine wiped away her tears,giving her a warm hug.Moved by the scene,the other kids also came to offer their sincere apologies to Landy.From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.【高分句型二】（ Catherine主动找Landy道歉，Landy和其他同学深受感动）
【解析】本文以班里同学关系为线索展开，讲述了班里最酷的孩子Catherine受到同学众星捧月般的欢迎，而她的同桌Landy却受到冷落，因为她个头最高，同学们给她起了侮辱性的外号"意大利面条"。Catherine在农场发现一只被其它的鸡欺负的可怜的小鸡，深感同情，从而联想到Landy,意识到大家不应该欺负她，Catherine回到学校后，号召大家团结Landy的故事。
高分句型一：Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height.
翻译：兰迪就像一只可怜的小鸡，被同学们嘲笑和忽视，只是因为她的特殊身高。
分析：本句使用了现在分词的被动形式being teased and ignored作状语。
高分句型二：From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.
翻译：从那天起，没有人编造关于兰迪的愚蠢的圣歌，凯瑟琳也学到了一个重要的人生教训，即每个人都应该受到平等对待，无论他或她有多特别。
分析：本句使用了由that引导的同位语从句以及no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年浙江省宁波市三锋教研联盟高二（下）期中英语试卷
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth，exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.
High School Studio Workshops
Single museum visit，2.5 hours
Grades 9—12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries，followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio，where students create a related art project.
During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and develop theories based on their observations.
Students will have the opportunity to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have in the galleries.
Museum Marker：Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11—12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives high school students the tools to experience and understand art.Participants will gain the knowledge of how an art museum works.
Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10：00 am to 3：00 pm.Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing in the Galleries
Grades 7—12，90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries.Using close observation，group discussion，and personal reflection，they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms，including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accommodated （容纳） at each session.
1. What can students do at High School Studio Workshops？ ______
A. Guide them how to write free-form poetry.
B. Explain how museums operate.
C. Develop their art theories based on their observations.
D. Deliver lectures on artistic works.
2. What can students get from Museum Maker？ ______
A. Tools to create a work of art in the studio.
B. Knowledge about how museums work.
C. Experience of running a museum.
D. Chances to voice their personal responses.
3. Where might this article be taken from？ ______
A. A travel journal. B. A research report.
C. An education magazine. D. A teaching design.
B
In the August sun，it's unbearably hot in my car.I'm in Vancouver，approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after work.It's 5：15 pm.Traffic is already slowing down and then it comes to a full stop.I'm stuck even before getting on the bridge.
This has become my normal work commute （上下班往返） routine.Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp （匝道）.I stare at the endless rows of vehicles，depressed.
At first I think this is not how it looks.The traffic will soon start moving.Seconds pass.Minutes pass.Looking at the rows of cars and trucks glittering （闪光） in the sun，I start counting — 299，300，301 — and I give up.
Suddenly I remember I'm one of the 300 helpless drivers.But I stay alert （警觉的）.When the cars do move，I move carefully，making sure not to bump into other vehicles.Finally，I make it onto the bridge.The traffic is still crawling at a snail's pace.Tired and hungry，I become very anxious.
Just then，I hear a weak sound in the distance.The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can identify it as an ambulance approaching from behind.What do we do？The bridge is packed.There's no room for us to move.
But I'm wrong.Every single car quickly，yet carefully，moves to the side.Without thinking，I follow suit.The lane remains open for a few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through.
Afterward，every car moves back.We close up the emergency lane，ready to continue our patient wait.Back in my spot，I'm awestruck.I forget my tiredness and hunger.My anxiety is gone.I start reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did.
How did we do that？Despite our exhaustion，we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did.We drew on our sympathy and intelligence，requiring no directives.
Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge，I'm connected to all the other drivers.Together we could make the impossible possible.
4. How does the author feel when seeing the on-ramp？ ______
A. Annoyed. B. Discouraged. C. Calm. D. Shocked.
5. What does the author think when knowing an ambulance is approaching？ ______
A. It will be hard for it to pass through.
B. Someone should direct the traffic.
C. All drivers will be willing to move.
D. Whoever is inside needs immediate help.
6. What does the word "awestruck" underlined in Paragraph 7 most probably mean？ ______
A. Deeply anxious. B. Feeling amazed.
C. Extremely exhausted. D. Feeling depressed.
7. What does the author think made the miracle happen？ ______
A. The drivers' good driving skills.
B. Instructions from a stranger.
C. People's kindness.
D. The ambulance's rescue.
C
Of the 8，300 million tons of virgin （原始的） plastic produced up to the end of 2015，6，300 million tons have been discarded （丢弃）.Most of that plastic waste is still with us，buried in landfills or polluting the environment.Microplastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice，in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world.
But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives？For the sake of the planet，it would be a tempting prospect — but we'd quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence.
In hospitals，the loss of plastic would be devastating. "Imagine trying to run a dialysis （透析） unit with no plastic"，says Sharon George，senior lecturer in environmental sustainability and green technology at Keele University in the UK.Plastic is used in gloves，tubing，blood bags，sample tubes and more.
Some everyday plastic items are also vital for protecting health.Face masks，including plastic-based surgical masks and respirators （人工呼吸器），as well as reusable cloth masks，have helped slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. "A mask that you have for COVID is related to our safety and the safety of others，" says George. "The impact of taking that away could be loss of life if you took it away on a big scale."
Our food system would also quickly come apart.We use packaging to protect food from damage in transit and preserve it long enough to reach supermarket shelves，as well as for communication and marketing. "I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system，" says Eleni Iacovidou，a lecturer in environmental management at Brunel University London.
Swapping out plastic packaging would have knock-on （产生连锁反应的） environmental effects.While glass has some advantages over plastic，such as being endlessly recyclable，a one-liter glass bottle can weigh as much as 800 g compared to a 40 g plastic one.When those heavier bottles and jars need to be transported over long distances，carbon emissions grow even more.
It's clear that replacing one material with another won't solve all our plastic problems.
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph？ ______
A. To give a definition. B. To report on a study.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To describe a phenomenon.
9. What does the underlined word "devastating" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？ ______
A. Interesting. B. Practical. C. Predictable. D. Destructive.
10. What is Eleni Iacovidou's attitude toward removing plastic totally in food system？ ______
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Optimistic. D. Uninterested.
11. Which would be the best title for the text？ ______
A. What if we stopped using plastic？
B. Is plastic packaging bad for the environment？
C. More recycling won't solve plastic pollution
D. Swapping out plastic for sustainable living
D
Despite the bad reputation of sharks，they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change.
In the shallows of Shark Bay，Western Australia，seagrass is food for the sea cows，which can weigh as much as 500 kg and eat roughly 40 kg of seagrass a day.Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks.By keeping the sea cow population controlled，tiger sharks here help the seagrass grow sustainably.A booming seagrass meadow stores twice as much CO2 per square mile as forests typically do on land.
But tiger shark numbers are declining.Off Australia's northeast coast of Queensland，tiger sharks are estimated to have fallen by at least 71 percent，largely due to overfishing.A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass consumed by herbivores （食草动物） and less carbon stored in sea vegetation.This raised the question：What if they were absent from the Shark Bay — would the seagrass-dominated ecosystem survive？
To find out，researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University，spent time in Eastern Australia，where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed. "When uncontrolled，sea cows can rapidly destroy wide areas of seagrass，" said Nowicki.
Those findings emphasized that tiger sharks were playing an important role in preventing the reduction of seagrass in Shark Bay.If their populations continue to decline，the resilience of carbon-rich ocean ecosystems will likely decrease.
When it comes to stimulating shark numbers，there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing，but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods，which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators （捕食者） continues to decline.
Aside from supporting sustainable fishing，Nowicki said the only way to truly protect marine life is to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions. "Ultimately，if we are going to protect our ecosystems in the centuries to come，we are going to need to solve climate change while undertaking species protection at the same time."
12. Why are tiger sharks vital to the marine ecosystem？ ______
A. They feed on various sea animals.
B. They can store large amounts of CO2.
C. They can prevent the loss of seagrass.
D. They influence marine species distribution.
13. What did Rob Nowicki's team want to find out in Eastern Australia？ ______
A. How sea cows destroy the seagrass community.
B. How shark population influences the ocean ecosystem.
C. What was contributing to the declining number of tiger sharks.
D. What to do to recover the seagrass-dominated ecosystem.
14. What is the main reason for the population reduction of many top predators in marine ecosystems？
______
A. Climate change.
B. Water pollution.
C. Loss of seagrass.
D. Unsustainable fishing approaches.
15. What's the main idea of the text？ ______
A. We should protect our environment.
B. The number of tiger sharks is decreasing.
C. Climate change causes the loss of seagrass.
D. Tiger sharks are vital to the health of the marine ecosystem.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
You've probably heard countless times how exercise is "good for you".But did you know that it can improve your mood too？（ 1） ______ .
Exercising regularly can help prevent weight gain，type 2 diabetes，heart disease，and high blood pressure.Exercises like jumping or lifting weights can help keep your bones strong.Also，when you exercise，your body makes chemicals that help you feel good.Exercise lowers your chances of depression and decreases feelings of anxiety. （2） ______ .
Considering all the health benefits of being physically active，it's easy to see why doing exercise is wise.And the great thing is that it's never too late to start. （3） ______ — like taking a short bike ride，walking the dog or raking （用耙子拢） leaves.
However，sometimes you may find it hard to keep exercising regularly. （4） ______ .If what you're doing isn't fun，it's hard to keep it up.But there are many different sports and activities you can try and see which one inspires you.If you need a little more motivation，take a class，join a team or find an exercise buddy to help keep you on track.
（ 5） ______ ， even those with disabilities or medical problems.But if you have a health problem or other concerns，talk to your doctor before beginning an exercise plan.
A.Even small things can count as exercise
B.Everyone can benefit from moving more and sitting less
C.Exercise benefits every part of the body，including the mind
D.Sports and activities that encourage flexibility are easy to find
E.One of the biggest reasons people drop an exercise program is a lack of interest
F.Plus，exercise can give you a sense of accomplishment after you achieve a goal
G.Strengthening the heart，muscles and bones isn't the only important goal of exercise
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Aged 25，I'd been （1） ______ home when my wheels hit a puddle and I lost control.The car flew through the air，and when it landed，my body was soaked in blood.
（ 2） ______ ，a driver stopped to help me and I was cut out of my vehicle.Looking up in the ambulance，I saw a （3） ______ face. "You lectured us not long ago，" I said to Dr Stephen Rashford，my former teacher.Before he could reply，I began to （4） ______ ：How would I become a doctor now？Seeing the fear in my eyes，he tried to （5） ______ me. "Everything will be okay，" he said. "If you want to get back to medicine after this，you'll find a way."
When I was alone in hospital，I （6） ______ completely. "I'm crippled （残废）!" I cried，noting the many tubes coming out of me.
After eight months in hospital，I went back home，having （7） ______ some upper limb （上肢） function and the ability to sit up again. （8） ______ I had no movement in my fingers and legs.Despite all the misfortunes，over time，I began to （9） ______ what had happened to me and I could still enjoy life.
As time passed，academics at university （10） ______ me. "If you want to come back，now is the time you told me." However，returning to study after five years away was a （11） ______ .
In 2016，I passed my exams in university and was eventually （12） ______ a scholarship at Gold Coast University Hospital.I can do everything from ultrasounds （超声波） to inserting cannulas （插管），but I know the most （13） ______ part of being a good doctor is having a heart.The patients never showed any （14） ______ about having me，a person with walking disability，as their doctor.In fact，a man in a wheelchair even expressed his confidence in me. "You understand what I'm （15） ______ ，" he said.
21. A. driving B. walking C. running D. skipping
22. A. Apparently B. Luckily C. Accidentally D. Actually
23. A. ordinary B. normal C. strange D. familiar
24. A. panic B. hesitate C. regret D. freeze
25. A. cheat B. remind C. comfort D. persuade
26. A. broke up B. broke down C. broke through D. broke out
27. A. eased B. regained C. performed D. improved
28. A. But B. Besides C. With D. Addition
29. A. realize B. value C. forget D. accept
30. A. mentioned B. questioned C. called D. absorbed
31. A. chance B. reward C. reputation D. challenge
32. A. ranked B. enrolled C. grabbed D. offered
33. A. useful B. important C. demanding D. relevant
34. A. distrust B. impatience C. disrespect D. impoliteness
35. A. doing B. seeking C. experiencing D. expecting
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Social media is a platform （1） ______ people from all over the world can connect and interact with each other.It has become one of the biggest platforms ever in history and （2） ______ （change） so many things in our life.Students are also using social media in a number of （3） ______ （way）.
Social media provides a platform for students （4） ______ （learn） and communicate.Learning has gone beyond classrooms，and social learning is involved in almost all the e-learning websites.Students can also take advantage （5） ______ live video that is a part of so many social networking sites to take classes.
Social media also offers students （6） ______ tool to express themselves.Many students are scared of the thought of what will happen if they express themselves.And social media helps them to share their thoughts without any fear，（ 7） ______ （make） it more likely for them to come out of the box and explore their talents.When students （8） ______ （active） take part in social media，they may come to a global level.For instance，they can even learn about the different courses （9） ______ （present） by universities from all around the world，which is （10） ______ （benefit） for them to improve their knowledge of foreign cultures.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，你校最近新成立的乒乓球俱乐部正在招募会员。请你写封邮件告知一直想学乒乓球的交换生好友John。内容包括：1.俱乐部简介；2.鼓励加入；3.申请方式。
注意：（1）词数80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
提示词：recruit 招募
Dear John，
Yours， Li Hua
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine was the coolest kid in her class.Whenever she went,she was in the spotlight,with a bunch of kids following her and doing everything she did.
Her desk mate,Landy,however,was not in the cool kids' group.Being the tallest kid in her class,she was teased by her classmates,who were always chanting "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti （意大利面）".Every time Landy heard those silly chants,she could feel her face burst into flames.God knew how she wished the ground to crack and swallow her!
Catherine didn't really like it when the kids chanted "Landy,Landy,long as spaghetti".But she never told them to stop either,and nor did she ever talk to her.She liked being popular.
One weekend,Catherine went over to her grandfather for Thanksgiving.Her grandfather lived on a farm at the opposite end of town,where he kept chickens.While helping to feed the chickens,Catherine noticed a peculiar one.Curling in the corner,it looked smaller than the others and was almost half-bare!
"What's the matter with it？" She asked her grandfather,with a puzzled frown on her face.Her grandfather told her how chickens could act. "They have a pecking （啄） order, " he explained,wrinkles of concern spreading around his forehead. "If one chicken is different,the others will push it away and keep pecking it.Sometimes they peck it so much that it dies. "
"Oh,what a poor little thing!" Catherine let out a sigh as she scooped the frightened chicken up in her arms,whose heart was beating fast in the bony little body.Suddenly,she thought of Landy,the girl being "pecked" by her classmates. "I'm going to take it home and take good care of it, "she said with a determined look.
Back in school,Catherine told the cool kids about the chicken. "It's looking healthy, " she said proudly. "It's fatter and its feathers are growing.Even the cat likes it.She carries it around the garden,and. . . " Everyone was entertained by Catherine's story of her lovely chicken,laughter lingering around the classroom.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.________
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said.__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文High School Studio Workshops部分中的关键句During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and develop theories based on their observations.（在工作坊期间，国家美术馆的教育者将鼓励学生仔细观察艺术作品，然后分享他们的回答，并根据他们的观察提出理论。）可知，在High School Studio Workshops中，学生可以基于对艺术品的观察提出他们自己的艺术理论。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。由本文Museum Marker：Exploring Art and Museums部分中的关键句Participants will gain the knowledge of how an art museum works.（参与者将了解艺术博物馆的运作方式。）可知，从Museum Maker项目中学生可以得到博物馆如何运作的知识。故选B。
（3）文章出处题。由本文第一段High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth，exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.（国家美术馆的高中课程重视深度而非广度，通过一个特定的问题或主题探索原创艺术作品。）并结合文中对三个具体的课程项目内容的介绍，可推知这篇文章围绕艺术博物馆教育展开，可能出自一本教育杂志。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家美术馆的高中课程，给出了三个具体的课程项目，包括面向的学生群体、项目主要内容等信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】B、A、B、C
【解析】（1）观点态度题。根据第二段中Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp （匝道）.I stare at the endless rows of vehicles，depressed.（我前面是一个严重堵塞的入口匝道。我盯着那一望无际的车辆，心情沮丧。）可知，作者看到入口匝道的时候心情是沮丧的，B项"Discouraged（心灰意冷的）"符合题意。A．Annoyed.生气的；B．Discouraged.气馁的；C．Calm.冷静的；D．Shocked.惊讶的。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段中The sound gradually becomes louder，until I can identify it as an ambulance approaching from behind.What do we do？The bridge is packed.There's no room for us to move.（声音逐渐变大，直到我能认出那是一辆救护车从后面驶来。我们该怎么办？桥上堵塞了。没有地方让我们移动。）可知，当救护车驶近的时候，因为桥上拥堵，作者认为车辆无法移动让出空间。由此推知，作者认为救护车很难通过，A项符合题意。故选A。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第七段中划线词后的"I forget my tiredness and hunger.My anxiety is gone.（我忘记了我的疲劳和饥饿。我的焦虑消失了。）可推知，作者原本以为拥堵的车辆无法为救护车腾出空间，但是大家井然有序地、快速地让出了路，让作者忘记了堵车的种种不愉快。由此推知，作者应该是惊奇不已的，B项"Feeling amazed（感到震惊的）"与awestruck意思相近。A．Deeply anxious.深感焦虑的；B．Feeling amazed.感到惊讶的；C．Extremely exhausted.极度疲惫的；D．Feeling depressed.感到沮丧的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Despite our exhaustion，we collectively decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did.We drew on our sympathy and intelligence，requiring no directives.（尽管我们筋疲力尽，我们还是集体决定帮助那个比我们更需要时间的陌生人。我们依靠自己的同情和智慧，不需要任何指示。）可知，作者认为救护车得以通过是因为大家富有同情和智慧，愿意帮助救护车上的陌生人，是人们的善意令奇迹发生，C项符合题意。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班回家的途中遇上严重的堵塞，心情沮丧。此时一辆救护车从后方驶来，严重堵塞的车流自觉有序地让出一条通道让救护车通过，作者由此感悟到大家的善意，感受到人与人之间的联系。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。
8~11.【答案】C、D、A、A
【解析】（1）写作意图题。由本文第一段内容Of the 8，300 million tons of virgin （原始的） plastic produced up to the end of 2015，6，300 million tons have been discarded （丢弃）.Most of that plastic waste is still with us，buried in landfills or polluting the environment.Microplastics have been found in Antarctic sea ice，in the guts of animals that live in the deepest ocean trenches and in drinking water around the world.（截至2015年底，全球生产了83亿吨未加工塑料，其中63亿吨已被丢弃。大部分塑料垃圾仍然存在，被埋在垃圾填埋场或污染着环境。在南极海冰、生活在最深海沟的动物内脏以及世界各地的饮用水中都发现了微塑料。）可知，文章开头用目前广泛讨论的塑料问题引入，吸引读者的注意，继而转到后面如果将全部塑料替换清除的讨论。所以第一段的目的在于引入话题。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。由本文第三段中Sharon George所说的话Imagine trying to run a dialysis （透析） unit with no plastic（想象一下在没有塑料的情况下运行透析设备），和Plastic is used in gloves，tubing，blood bags，sample tubes and more.（塑料被用于手套、管道、血袋、样管等。）可知，塑料在医院这样的医疗场所被广泛使用，无法替代，如果塑料被清除，那么后果是毁灭性的。因此划线词devastating意思是"破坏性的"。A．Interesting.有趣的；B．Practical.实际的；C．Predictable.可预测的；D．Destructive.破坏性的。故选D。
（3）观点态度题。由本文倒数第三段中Eleni Iacovidou所说的话I cannot imagine how plastic would be replaced completely in our system（我无法想象塑料在我们的系统中如何被完全取代），可知，塑料在食品体系中至关重要，如果被取代是无法想象的。由此推知，Eleni对于取代食品体系中的塑料是持怀疑态度的，A．Doubtful.怀疑的；B．Supportive.支持的；C．Optimistic.乐观的；D．Uninterested.不感兴趣的。故选A。
（4）标题判断题。由本文第二段But what if we could wave a magic wand and remove all plastics from our lives？For the sake of the planet，it would be a tempting prospect — but we'd quickly find out just how far plastic has spread to every aspect of our existence.（但如果我们能挥动魔杖，从我们的生活中清除所有塑料呢？为了地球，这将是一个诱人的前景，但我们很快就会发现塑料已经蔓延到我们存在的各个方面。）并通读全文可知，虽然塑料造成了很多问题，但是停止使用塑料是难以想象的。文章从塑料在医疗应用、维持健康、食品体系等方面的广泛运用，以及清除塑料带来的糟糕的连锁反应方面，介绍了停止使用塑料的后果。因此，A项"如果我们停止使用塑料会怎么样？"可概括文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。虽然塑料造成了很多问题，但是停止使用塑料是难以想象的。文章从塑料在医疗应用、维持健康、食品体系等方面的广泛运用，以及清除塑料带来的糟糕的连锁反应方面，介绍了停止使用塑料的后果。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】C、B、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二段中的关键句In the shallows of Shark Bay，Western Australia，seagrass is food for the sea cows，which can weigh as much as 500 kg and eat roughly 40 kg of seagrass a day.Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks.By keeping the sea cow population controlled，tiger sharks here help the seagrass grow sustainably.（在澳大利亚西部鲨鱼湾的浅滩，海牛以海草为食，它们的体重可达500公斤，每天要吃大约40公斤的海草。海牛是虎鲨丰富的食物来源。通过控制海牛的数量，虎鲨帮助海草持续生长。）可知虎鲨吃海牛，海牛数量减少，海草数量可以增长，从而维持海洋生态平衡，所以推断出虎鲨对海洋生态系统至关重要是因为它们可以防止海草的流失。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句This raised the question：What if they were absent from the Shark Bay — would the seagrass-dominated ecosystem survive？（这就提出了一个问题：如果鲨鱼湾没有了虎鲨，以海草为主的生态系统还能生存吗？）和第四段中的关键句To find out，researchers led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University，spent time in Eastern Australia，where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed.（为了找到答案，由佛罗里达国际大学的Rob Nowicki领导的研究人员在东澳大利亚度过了一段时间，那里鲨鱼数量较少，海牛吃海草基本上不受干扰。）可知Rob Nowicki的团队想在澳大利亚东部找到是为了探究鲨鱼种群如何影响海洋生态系统。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由本文倒数第二段的内容When it comes to stimulating shark numbers，there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing，but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods，which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators （捕食者） continues to decline.（在刺激鲨鱼数量方面，已经有了支持更可持续捕捞的运动，但该行业的很大一部分人没有改变他们的方法，这就是许多海洋顶级捕食者数量持续下降的原因。）可知不可持续的捕鱼方法是海洋生态系统中许多顶级捕食者数量减少的主要原因。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容Despite the bad reputation of sharks，they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change.（尽管鲨鱼名声不好，但它们对海洋生态系统的健康至关重要，甚至可以帮助对抗气候变化。）可知本文主要讲述了虎鲨对海洋生态系统健康的至关重要性。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章认为虎鲨对于海洋生态系统的健康至关重要，解释了重要的原因，介绍了目前虎鲨数量急剧减少的现象，以及背后的原因和可能造成的危害，最后呼吁我们支持可持续的捕捞和减少温室气体排放。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】C、F、A、E、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。空处位于第一段段末，应承上启下。上文You've probably heard countless times how exercise is "good for you".But did you know that it can improve your mood too？（你可能已经听过无数次运动是如何"对你有好处"的。但你知道它也能改善你的情绪吗？）提到运动对身体和情绪有好处，C．Exercise benefits every part of the body，including the mind（锻炼对身体的每个部分都有好处，包括头脑）符合语境，总领下文，故选C。
（2）联系上文题。上文Also，when you exercise，your body makes chemicals that help you feel good.Exercise lowers your chances of depression and decreases feelings of anxiety.（此外，当你锻炼时，你的身体会产生帮助你感觉良好的化学物质。锻炼可以降低抑郁和焦虑的几率。）是具体讲述运动的好处，F．Plus，exercise can give you a sense of accomplishment after you achieve a goal（此外，锻炼可以在你实现目标后给你一种成就感）与上文并列，也是具体描述运动的好处，故选F。
（3）细节理解题。上文And the great thing is that it's never too late to start.（最棒的是，现在开始永远都不晚。）提到现在开始运动也不晚，结合下文like taking a short bike ride，walking the dog or raking （用耙子拢） leaves（比如骑一小段自行车，遛狗或用耙子拢树叶。）可知，此处是列举能起到锻炼作用的一些小事，故A．Even small things can count as exercise（即使是很小的事情也可以算作锻炼）符合语境。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。上文However，sometimes you may find it hard to keep exercising regularly.（然而，有时你会发现很难保持有规律的锻炼。）提到有时很难保持有规律的锻炼，结合下文If what you're doing isn't fun，it's hard to keep it up.（如果你正在做的事情不有趣，就很难坚持下去。）可知，空处应是说明很难保持有规律的锻炼的原因---缺乏兴趣，E．One of the biggest reasons people drop an exercise program is a lack of interest（人们放弃锻炼计划的最大原因之一是缺乏兴趣）符合语境，故选E。
（5）段落主题题。此处是总结上文，根据下文even those with disabilities or medical problems.（即使是那些有残疾或身体有问题的人。）推知，空处指出人人都能从锻炼中受益。B．Everyone can benefit from moving more and sitting less（每个人都能从多动少坐中受益）符合语境，衔接合理。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了运动对人有好处以及如何开始运动。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】A、B、D、A、C、B、B、A、D、C、D、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.driving开车；B.walking步行；C.running跑步；D.skipping跳过。句意：25岁那年，我开车回家，突然车轮撞上了一个水坑，我失去了控制。根据下文"when my wheels hit a puddle"可知，作者是开车回家的。故选A。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.Apparently显然地；B.Luckily幸运地；C.Accidentally意外地；D.Actually实际上。句意：幸运的是，一名司机停下车来帮助我，我被从车里拉了出来。根据下文"a driver stopped to help me"可知，作者被路过的司机救了出来，应该是幸运的。故选B。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ordinary普通的；B.normal正常的；C.strange奇怪的；D.familiar熟悉的。句意：在救护车上，我抬头看到一张熟悉的脸。根据下文"I said to Dr Stephen Rashford，my former teacher"可知，作者在救护车上遇到了之前的老师，所以看到的是熟悉的脸。故选D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.panic慌乱；B.hesitate犹豫；C.regret后悔；D.freeze冻住。句意：他还没来得及回答，我就开始慌了：现在我怎么能成为一名医生呢？根据下文"How would I become a doctor now？"可知，作者因为出车祸受伤，开始担心自己再也无法成为医生，所以开始慌张。故选A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.cheat欺骗；B.remind提醒；C.comfort安慰；D.persuade说服。句意：看到我眼中的恐惧，他试图安慰我。根据下文"Everything will be okay"和"If you want to get back to medicine after this，you'll find a way."可知，Stephen Rashford教授告诉作者一切都会好的，还是会有机会当医生的，所以是在安慰作者。故选C。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.broke up解散；B.broke down崩溃；C.broke through突破；D.broke out爆发。句意：当我一个人在医院时，我完全崩溃了。根据下文""I'm crippled （残废）!" I cried，noting the many tubes coming out of me."可知，作者的伤很严重，他认为自己会变成残废，所以是崩溃了。故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.eased缓解；B.regained重获；C.performed操作；D.improved提高。句意：在医院住了8个月后，我回到了家，恢复了一些上肢功能和重新坐起来的能力。根据上文""I'm crippled （残废）!" I cried，noting the many tubes coming out of me."可推知，作者一开始的时候伤非常严重，只能躺在病床上，8个月后回到家应该是伤恢复了一些，重新获得了上肢的功能。故选B。
（8）考查连词及语境理解。A.But但是；B.Besides此外；C.With借助；D.Addition增添。句意：但是我的手指和腿都不能动了。根据下文"I had no movement in my fingers and legs"和上文"having （7）______ some upper limb （上肢） function and the ability to sit up again"可知，两者之间存在转折关系，虽然作者上肢的功能和坐起来的能力恢复了，但是下肢和手指的功能没有恢复。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.realize意识到；B.value珍视；C.forget忘记；D.accept接受。句意：尽管有这么多不幸，但随着时间的推移，我开始接受发生在我身上的事情，我仍然可以享受生活。根据下文"I could still enjoy life"可知，作者慢慢享受生活，所以是接受了自己的情况。故选D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.mentioned提到；B.questioned质疑；C.called打电话；D.absorbed吸收。句意：随着时间的流逝，大学里的老师给我打电话。根据下文"If you want to come back，now is the time you told me."可知，大学老师是给作者打电话，告知他如果他想的话，可以回到校园。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.chance机会；B.reward奖励；C.reputation名声；D.challenge挑战。句意：但是，离开五年后重返校园是一个挑战。根据上文"returning to study after five years away"和常识可知，离开校园很久再回去学习是个挑战。故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.ranked排名；B.enrolled注册；C.grabbed抓住；D.offered提供。句意：2016年，我通过了大学考试，并最终获得了黄金海岸大学医院的奖学金。根据空后"a scholarship"可知，作者是被提供了一份奖学金。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.useful有用的；B.important重要的；C.demanding苛刻的；D.relevant相关的。句意：从做超声波到插管，我什么都能做，但我知道做一个好医生最重要的部分是要有一颗心。根据语境和常识可知，一颗心是做医生最重要的品质。故选B。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.distrust不信任；B.impatience不耐烦；C.disrespect不尊重；D.impoliteness不礼貌。句意：病人们从来没有对我这个有行走障碍的人作为他们的医生表现出任何不信任。根据下文"having me，a person with walking disability，as their doctor"可推知，如果医生有行走障碍的话，患者可能会不信任医生，这里指但是患者们全然相信作者。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.doing做；B.seeking寻找；C.experiencing经历；D.expecting期待。句意：他说："你理解我的感受。"根据上文"a man in a wheelchair even expressed his confidence in me"可知，轮椅上的男子对作者充满信心，应该是因为作者行动有障碍，可以理解男子正在经历的事情。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者因车祸不幸失去了部分行动能力，一开始非常崩溃，后来逐渐接受现实，并且重返校园完成学业，成为了一名医生。作者的行动障碍并没有引起患者们的不信任，相反有些患者因此对作者充满信心。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】where
【小题2】has changed
【小题3】ways
【小题4】to learn
【小题5】of
【小题6】a
【小题7】making
【小题8】actively
【小题9】presented
【小题10】beneficial
【解析】（1）考查定语从句。句意：社交媒体是一个平台，来自世界各地的人们可以相互联系和互动。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词platform，从句成分完整，先行词是一个地点，空处用关系副词where。故填where。
（2）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它已经成为历史上最大的平台之一，改变了我们生活中的许多事情。分析句子可知，and连接前后两个并列的谓语，has become为第三人称单数、现在完成时，空处也保持一致，用has changed。故填has changed。
（3）考查可数名词的复数。句意：学生们也以多种方式使用社交媒体。根据空前的"a number of"可知，可数名词way需用复数形式。故填ways。
（4）考查不定式。句意：社交媒体为学生提供了一个学习和交流的平台。根据"provides a platform for students"可知，句子用了for sb.to do sth.的复合结构，空处需用动词不定式to learn，作platform的后置定语。故填to learn。
（5）考查固定短语。句意：学生们还可以利用许多社交网站上的视频直播来上课。此处为固定短语take advantage of，表示"利用"。故填of。
（6）考查冠词。句意：社交媒体也为学生提供了一个表达自我的工具。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指"一个工具"，应用不定冠词，tool的发音以辅音音素开头，空处用a。故填a。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：社交媒体帮助他们毫无畏惧地分享自己的想法，让他们更有可能跳出固有的思维模式，发掘自己的才能。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处需用非谓语动词。空处以后的内容是前面行为的结果，用现在分词making作结果状语。故填making。
（8）考查副词。句意：当学生积极参与社交媒体时，他们可能会达到全球水平。空处修饰动词take part in，应用副词actively，表示"积极地"。故填actively。
（9）考查过去分词。句意：例如，他们甚至可以了解世界各地大学开设的不同课程，这有助于他们提高对外国文化的了解。分析句子可知，主句主干成分齐全，空处需用非谓语动词。present和courses逻辑上是被动的关系，空处用过去分词presented，作后置定语修饰courses。故填presented。
（10）考查形容词。句意：例如，他们甚至可以了解世界各地大学开设的不同课程，这有助于他们提高对外国文化的了解。空处是从句的表语，需用形容词beneficial，表示"有益的"。故填beneficial。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生使用社交媒体的多种方式，社交媒体帮助学生学习交流、表达自我、了解更多的文化。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear John，
I'm writing to tell you a good news that a table tennis club is now recruiting new members，which I think might interest you.【高分句型一】（写信背景）
Aiming to enrich students' after-school life，the club has been set up in our school recently.（俱乐部简介）Not only will it organize training on weekends，but also it will offer the members chances to play matches.As you like the sport，I think it's a good opportunity for you to join the club，where you will surely learn much.【高分句型二】（鼓励加入）
If you are interested，please email at TTClub@qq.com to make an application before next Wednesday.（申请方式）It won't let you down!
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I'm writing to tell you a good news that a table tennis club is now recruiting new members，which I think might interest you.
翻译：我写信告诉你一个好消息，乒乓球俱乐部正在招募新会员，我认为你会对这个感兴趣。
分析：本句运用了that引导的同位语从句、which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：As you like the sport，I think it's a good opportunity for you to join the club，where you will surely learn much.
翻译：因为你喜欢体育，我认为对你来说，加入俱乐部是很好的机会，在这里你肯定会学到很多。
分析：本句运用了as引导的原因状语从句以及where引导的非限制性定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Then Catherine spotted Landy sitting by herself in a corner.She kept her head down with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual.It hit Catherine that the pecking order worked in school,too.Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height. 【高分句型一】"It's time for me to make an apology to Landy." Catherine thought to herself.No sooner had she made up her mind than she announced it to the cool kids surrounding her.Astonished at what she said,all the kids burst out screaming, "Talking to the long spaghetti？Are you crazy？" （Catherine发现Landy被冷落的样子而产生的联想，Catherine准备道歉，引起其他同学的惊讶）
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy,regardless of what they said. "Hi,Landy.I'm sorry about the spaghetti thing." Catherine murmured an apology,her face reddening. "I know it hurts you.Can you forgive us？" She figured Landy might just walk away.But she lifted her misty eyes and nodded yes.Catherine wiped away her tears,giving her a warm hug.Moved by the scene,the other kids also came to offer their sincere apologies to Landy.From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.【高分句型二】（ Catherine主动找Landy道歉，Landy和其他同学深受感动）
【解析】本文以班里同学关系为线索展开，讲述了班里最酷的孩子Catherine受到同学众星捧月般的欢迎，而她的同桌Landy却受到冷落，因为她个头最高，同学们给她起了侮辱性的外号"意大利面条"。Catherine在农场发现一只被其它的鸡欺负的可怜的小鸡，深感同情，从而联想到Landy,意识到大家不应该欺负她，Catherine回到学校后，号召大家团结Landy的故事。
高分句型一：Landy was just like the poor little chicken,being teased and ignored by her classmates,merely due to her special height.
翻译：兰迪就像一只可怜的小鸡，被同学们嘲笑和忽视，只是因为她的特殊身高。
分析：本句使用了现在分词的被动形式being teased and ignored作状语。
高分句型二：From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also gained an important life lesson that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.
翻译：从那天起，没有人编造关于兰迪的愚蠢的圣歌，凯瑟琳也学到了一个重要的人生教训，即每个人都应该受到平等对待，无论他或她有多特别。
分析：本句使用了由that引导的同位语从句以及no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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