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2023年北京市西城区中考英语二模试卷
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这是一份2023年北京市西城区中考英语二模试卷，共21页。
2023年北京市西城区中考英语二模试卷
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1. My sister loves water sports，and swimming is_____ favorite.（ ）
A. her B. his C. my D. your
2. We have an English Corner________7：30 pm every Friday.Anyone can come.（ ）
A. on B. in C. at D. to
3. Let's put the cake in the fridge，_________ it may go bad tomorrow.（ ）
A. but B. or C. and D. so
4. —The experiment looks interesting._____I have a try？
—Sure.Go ahead，please.（ ）
A. Must B. Need C. May D. Should
5. —Becca，you look so fit._____do you exercise？
—I go swimming twice a week.（ ）
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
6. The National Stadium can hold 91，000 people，and it is________ stadium in Beijing.（ ）
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
7. —What do you like to do in your free time？
—I often ________museums with my friends.（ ）
A. visit B. visited C. am visiting D. was visiting
8. If you start a hobby，it _____a new world for you.（ ）
A. opened B. was opening C. will open D. has opened
9. —What did you do for your class project？
—We _______a wildlife video.（ ）
A. make B. made C. will make D. are make
10. Many people __________us their old books since we started our mini-library.（ ）
A. give B. gave C. will give D. have given
11. Nowadays，students _________more chances to take cultural field trips.（ ）
A. offer B. offered C. are offered D. were offered
12. —Do you know______ the rope jumping competition？
—Yes.Next Friday.（ ）
A. where will we have B. where we will have
C. when will we have D. when we will have
"My name is Jolene Johnson，but you can call me Jo-Jo.I have two new puppies，and you are all invited to see them after school!" Jolene said to the class when it was her turn to （1） ______ herself.
Mrs.Anderson，the teacher，smiled and then introduced another new kid named Dee Rogen.When he spoke，he was quiet and didn't say much.To help Dee fit in，Mrs.Anderson then （2） ______ him with Ben as his "friend" for the day.
At lunch time，Jo-Jo saw that Dee was sitting with Ben and his friends but not talking to anyone.He looked （3） ______ ， thought Jo-Jo.
Jo-Jo didn't like anyone to feel alone.She noticed that Dee had a shirt on that said "I Paused My Game to be Here. " Jo-Jo had an idea.She took her lunch near Dee and said， "I like your shirt.What games do you play？"
Dee smiled and said his favorite was Minecraft.Jo-Jo loved that （4） ______ !They spent the lunch break talking about the best ways to survive （存活）in the game.
On Friday，Jo-Jo said that she was having Minecraft.
Monday at her house after school and everyone in her class was invited.Jo-Jo pulled out a sign-up sheet from her schoolbag.Several students ran up to her at once.
Before school was over，Jo-Jo（5） ______ Dee hadn't signed up and asked him about it. "I don't really know anyone，Jo-Jo. " Dee answered. "I wouldn't feel （6） ______ being there. "
Jo-Jo was confused because she thought he would love the idea.It was on her mind all day until she went home from school—where she had another （7） ______ !
The next morning，she said to Dee， "I was thinking that organizing Minecraft.Monday would be a big job.How about you and I be partners？ "
Dee started to （8） ______ . "Wow，you really want me to be part of Minecraft Monday! "
"We would be a great team! "
"I think so too， " said Dee excitedly.
13. A. introduce B. explain C. develop D. help
14. A. connected B. compared C. partnered D. controlled
15. A. proud B. lonely C. excited D. weak
16. A. lunch B. shirt C. school D. game
17. A. noticed B. reminded C. forgot D. decided
18. A. difficult B. comfortable C. lucky D. bored
19. A. wish B. lesson C. idea D. task
20. A. remember B. wonder C. worry D. smile
21.
A.Junior Robotics
In Junior Robotics，we will introduce you to the fantastic world of robotics!In this lovely club，you can learn to program a robot to move，draw，turn，and more.Don't worry about the programming.An experienced teacher will guide you all the way along.And no physical robot is needed.
B.Canva for Teenagers
Do you love art，painting and drawing？Canva，a powerful online design platform，can help you with your creation.Canva for Teenagers allows you to create beautiful cards，posters or videos on the computer.You can also post your works online right after you finish them.
C.Space Club
Come and join us to discover the wonder of deep space with fun weekly projects!In this club，various topics about space are included，from Mars to the moon，to black holes and aliens （外星人）.You can also learn new facts about outer space，build small projects and play games related to the lessons.
（1） ______ Alice plans to enter the online poster competition.She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer.
（2） ______ Gray likes reading books about stars and planets.He hopes to meet others who share the same interest.
（3） ______ Karl is interested in programming，and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot.
(1)
(2)
(3)
O
Math Week
"Next week is Math Week.I would like each one of you to do a project.It will be shown at the Math Week exhibition.You could do it on your own or in a group， " Mrs.Lee，the math teacher said.
After school，Manu sat in the classroom along with Kevin who was not as good as Manu at math.
Kevin said， "Manu，shall we work on the math project together？"
Manu said， "Sorry，but I prefer to do it on my own. "
The next day，all the students submitted （提交）their topics for the math exhibition.Almost all of them worked in a group except Manu.Kevin's team decided to do Snakes and Ladders，Junaid's team decided to do a crossword puzzle，and Manu decided to do a magic game，and of course，he did it all alone.
Manu completed the project and was happy with the result.The night before the exhibition，he again checked the project to see if it was working fine.Alas!All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all.Manu was worried and even cried out because he didn't know how to fix it.In the end，he had no choice but to take it to school.
At the same time，Kevin's team were working on their project at Kevin's house.If one member got stuck somewhere，the others helped out.It was a sight of real team work.
Finally，it was time for the Math Week exhibition.All the teams placed their projects on the table with pride except Manu.Students enjoyed Snakes and Ladders.Manu was embarrassed （尴尬的）to present his non-working magic game.Mrs.Lee looked at him and said， "There's still time.Maybe you can get someone to help you with it. "
Kevin offered to help.Luckily，he fixed it just in time for the show.
Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself "It's certainly great to have a teammate."
22. Which project did Manu make for Math Week？ ______
A. Snakes and Ladders. B. A magic game.
C. A crossword puzzle. D. A poster.
23. What happened the night before the exhibition？ ______
A. Kevin offered to work with Manu.
B. Mrs.Lee advised Manu to get help.
C. Manu was refused by Junaid's team.
D. Manu's project failed to work properly.
24. From his experience，Manu ______ .
A. realized the importance of team effort
B. found math the most interesting subject
C. regretted designing such a difficult project
D. understood making friends helps one go far
P
Water lovers will tell you that not all water tastes the same.However，if your water tastes different when it's in a reusable plastic bottle，a new study finds it may be a cause for worry.
Two scientists，Jan Christensen and Selina Tisler，have undertaken a study about which chemicals （化学物质）in reusable plastic bottles go into the water.They let water sit for 24 hours in new bottles，in used bottles and in bottles that had just come out of a dishwashing machine.After that，they compared what they found in the water in the different bottles.
The results were quite a surprise.More than 400 different chemicals had leached （析出） from new plastic bottles into the water.Water stored in used plastic bottles had the highest levels of plastic-related chemicals.Running the bottles through a dishwasher worsened the leaching.After a single washing，more than 3，500 different chemicals ended up in a bottle's water.Many of these were related to dishwasher soap （洗碗皂） and remained even after a second washing with running water.What's more，dishwashing itself also caused more plastic chemicals to leach.
Similar discoveries were also made by Pat Hunt，a biologist at Washington State University.She found that heat can cause chemicals to move out of plastics.Hot water in a dishwasher helps to clean dishes.But plastics can start to break down if they are in hot water repeatedly， "Plastics just shouldn't go in the dishwasher， " she concludes.
Christensen and Tisler's study found some chemicals that are probably harmful.Future studies could make clear how much of each chemical is there.And that's important.Just because a chemical is in the water doesn't mean it will cause problems.Much of the risk will depend on how much of a chemical actually gets into the body.
Hunt agrees."This study is a starting point， "she says.It gives researchers ideas about what chemicals from reusable bottles are probably in water.But it doesn't tell us what risks the now-polluted water may bring to us.More research is needed.
Still，lowering exposures （接触）to plastic-related chemicals is probably a good idea.Hunt suggests using non-plastic bottles. "If you do use a plastic bottle，fill it up and use it right away， "Tisler adds. "It's best not to store water in them overnight or for long periods of time. "
25. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. The length of time water is kept in plastics matters.
B. Water in new plastic bottles has the most chemicals.
C. Drinking hot water in plastic bottles harms people's health.
D. Over 3，500 plastic chemicals are found in dishwashed bottles.
26. According to the passage，further research is needed to find out ______ .
A. whether chemicals actually enter the body
B. how plastic-related chemicals get into water
C. what risks plastic-related chemicals may cause
D. when people should throw away a plastic bottle
27. What is this passage mainly about？ ______
A. Improper usage of plastic bottles.
B. Various opinions about plastic bottles.
C. Unknown chemicals in plastic bottles.
D. Research findings about plastic bottles.
Q
Why do we do the things we do？What drives our behavior？Psychologists have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation （动机），including looking at whether motivation arises from outside （extrinsic） or inside （intrinsic） a person.
Researchers have found that each type has a different effect on a person's behavior and efforts to achieve goals.To better understand the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on human behavior，it would help to learn how each type works.
Extrinsic motivation is when you are motivated to perform a behavior or take part in an activity because you want to get a reward （奖赏）or avoid punishment.You will take action not because you enjoy it，but because you expect to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant.
Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying.You are performing an activity for what it is not because you are after some external （外部的）reward.The behavior itself is its own reward.
Studies have shown that offering too many external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation—which is known as the over justification （奖励过当）effect.For example，in a 2008 study，children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the toy after being externally rewarded.
This is not to suggest that extrinsic motivation is a bad thing—it can be beneficial in some situations.For example，extrinsic motivation can be especially helpful when a person needs to complete a task that they find unpleasant.
Most people would accept that intrinsic motivation is best，but it is not always possible in every situation.Sometimes a person simply has no internal wish to join in an activity.
Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning.Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards （such as grades，report cards，and gold stars） undermines any intrinsic motivation that students might already have.However，others have suggested that extrinsic motivators can help students feel more knowledgeable in the classroom，which in turn builds up their intrinsic motivation.
As professor David Myers put it，a person's interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe（贿赂）nor to control but to show a job well done，as in a "most improved player" award.Put simply，rewards，rightly given，can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance.
Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people perform tasks and improve their learning.
28. You do something out of intrinsic motivation when you ______ .
A. do schoolwork to get a good grade
B. work on a subject you find interesting
C. take part in a sport to receive recognition
D. clean your room to avoid criticism from your parents
29. Why does the writer mention the 2008 study in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. To explain the benefits of offering toys as rewards.
B. To prove external rewards can influence one's interest.
C. To introduce how intrinsic motivation works in children.
D. To stress the importance of understanding intrinsic motivation.
30. The word "undermines" in Paragraph 8 means ______ .
A. weakens B. separates C. improves D. encourages
31. The writer probably agrees that ______ .
A. extrinsic motivation is key to one's achievement
B. intrinsic motivation has little to do with enjoying a task
C. properly-given rewards can encourage further improvement
D. offering rewards of any kind takes the fun out of an activity
32.
Fighting Wildfires through Invention
At the age of 13，Prisha Shroff saw something that made her want to change the world.She was in the car with her family on the way home，when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back.
"I saw it in person，5，she says. "The air pollution was so bad that we were told not to step outside of our car，or outside of our house. "
At the same time，Prisha remembered seeing other wildfires on the news.She thought， "This isn't just a small problem，it's a worldwide problem." And she decided to look for a way to help.
The opportunity came when she attended her middle-school science fair.For her project，Prisha decided to design a system that could discover and put out wildfires.Using A.L and satellite imagery （卫星影像），it could know where wildfires would take place and also discover active fires.
In 2021，Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention，whose goal is to encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges. "That was the first big prize that I'd gotten，she says. "It really gave me confidence to find ways to solve big problems，and that I have the ability to make a big difference. "
Now 16，Prisha is working hard on her design to help fire stations.It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant （阻燃剂）. " If they discover a wildfire，the drone can fly there，put it out，and come back."Prisha says.
Prisha is crazy about creating solutions to not only mitigate（缓解）wildfires，but also the effects of climate change in general. "This is our planet，we should take care of it， "she says.Prisha now runs a special program at her school，and has spoken at the United Nations about the importance of learning certain knowledge and coming up with more inventions to help fight against climate change.
To future young inventors，Prisha says the key is to not simply hope something happens，but to actually try hard to make it happen， "You don't need to change the whole world，but you can still change someone's whole world， "she says.
(1) What did Prisha see on the way home？ ______
(2) What is the goal of Lemelson Award for Invention？ ______
(3) How will Prisha's drone help fire stations？ ______
(4) Among Prisha's qualities （品格），which one（s）do you value the most？Why？ ______ ______
33. 假如你是李华，你校英语社团公众号计划做主题为"The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing "的系列推送。请你用英语给公众号留言，推荐一个你心目中北京最美的季节，并说明理由。
提示词语：flowers，colorful，activity，weather
提示问题：
• What's the most beautiful season in Beijing？
• Why do you love it？
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty.
34. 鼓励宛如融融春风，温暖着每个人的心灵。
某英文网站正在开展主题为" The Power of Encouragement"的征文活动。假如你是李华，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍一次你受到鼓励的经历，并谈谈这次经历对你的影响。
提示词语：improve，confident，effort，hope
提示问题：
• What was the experience？
• What have you learnt from it？
Everyone needs to be encouraged now and then.
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】her她的/她，形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格；his他的，名词性物主代词/形容词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；your你的/你们的，形容词性物主代词。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词favorite作定语，应使用形容词性物主代词；根据"My sister loves water sports ，我妹妹喜欢水上运动，"可知，游泳是她的最爱。
故选：A。
我妹妹喜欢水上运动，游泳是她的最爱。
掌握代词的基本用法，结合语境，认真分析，得出答案。
2.【答案】C
【解析】表示时间，at用于钟点或年龄前，in用于年代、季节或月份前，on用于具体日期、星期或某一天前。to到，根据后面7：30pm晚上七点半，可知此处指的是"在几点钟"，用介词at。
故选：C。
我们每周五晚上七点半有一个英语角。任何人都可以来。
考查介词辨析时，首先理解句子的含义及介词之间的区别。其次要注意固定的搭配，注意语法现象。
3.【答案】B
【解析】A.but但是；B.or否则；C.and 和；D.so因此。根据 Let's put the cake in the fridge（我们把蛋糕放进冰箱吧），可知否则明天它可能会变质。
故选：B。
我们把蛋糕放进冰箱吧，否则明天可能会变质。
掌握不同连词的词义是解答此题的关键。
4.【答案】C
【解析】must必须，一定；need需要；may可能，可以；must必须，一定，都是情态动词。根据后句句意"当然。请去吧"可知，前句为"这个实验看起来很有趣。我可以试一试吗"，要填"可以"，其它选项语意不通。
故选：C。
——这个实验看起来很有趣。我可以试一试吗？
——当然。请去吧。
考查情态动词，牢记情态动词的含义和用法，进行对比，排除错误的答案，从而做出正确的答案。
5.【答案】B
【解析】How long多久，提问时段；How often多久一次，提问频度；How soon将要多久；How far多远，提问距离。根据题干Four times a week.可知问的是频度。
故选：B。
—贝卡，你看起来很健康。你多久锻炼一次？
—我一周游泳两次。
掌握特殊疑问词的用法，分析题目，结合句意选择适当的特殊疑问词。
6.【答案】D
【解析】large大的，larger更大的，比较级，largest最大的，最高级，使用时前面要加定冠词the，根据前面The National Stadium can hold 91，000 people国家体育馆可容纳9.1万人。可知，it指代"The National Stadium "，in Beijing表示比较的范围，由此可知，国家体育馆是北京最大的体育馆，此处要用形容词最高级。
故选：D。
国家体育馆可容纳9.1万人，是北京最大的体育馆。
考查形容词的最高级。掌握形容词的最高级构成以及使用的语境。
7.【答案】A
【解析】visit是动词原形，是一般现在时；visited是过去式，是一般过去时；am visiting是现在进行时；was visiting是过去进行时。根据句意和前句是一般现在时可知，回答也用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语用动词原形。
故选：A。
——你在空闲时间喜欢做什么？
——我经常和我的朋友们一起参观博物馆。
对时态的考查，要求牢记各种时态的构成形式，结合时间状语和上下文的关系，找出正确答案。
8.【答案】C
【解析】opened是过去式，是一般过去时；was opening是过去进行时；will open是一般将来时；has opened是现在完成时。条件状语从句If you start a hobby是一般现在时，主句表述将来要发生的事情，要用一般将来时。
故选：C。
如果你开始了一个爱好，它将为你打开一个新的世界。
对时态的考查，要求牢记各种时态的构成形式，结合时间状语和上下文的关系，找出正确答案。
9.【答案】B
【解析】make制作。选项A是动词原形；选项B是过去式；选项C是一般将来时；选项D是错误表达形式。根据问句的时态可知空格处应使用一般过去时，谓语用动词的过去式表示，本题答案是B。
故选：B。
--你的课堂项目做的什么？
--我们制作了一个野生动物视频。
本题主要考查一般过去时的基本用法。
10.【答案】D
【解析】A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。since表示"自从"，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
故选：D。
自从我们开了迷你图书馆后，许多人把他们的旧书给我们。
了解现在完成时的时间状语以及用法，观察选项，结合语境找关键词，即可得出答案。
11.【答案】C
【解析】根据语境可知，题干主语students和其谓语offer之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语nowadays表明动作发生在现在，因此设空处应用一般现在时态的被动语态，即are offered符合语境，表"被提供（机会）"。干扰项A项是一般现在时态的主动语态，B项是一般过去时态的主动语态，D项是一般过去时态的被动语态；均不符合语境。
故选：C。
如今，学生们有更多的机会进行文化实地考察。
动词的时态和语态是中考的必考知识点，题目中常常将两者结合在一起进行考查，因此学生需根据题意及题干的关键信息进行判断分析再作答。
12.【答案】D
【解析】分析句式，题干设空处是动词know后的宾语从句，其语序应用陈述语序，故排除A、C项（均使用了疑问语序）；再根据语境及答语可知，问句询问的是关于时间的信息，因此应用when作引导词，即D项表述符合语境。干扰项B项意为"我们在哪里举行……"，不符合语境。
故选：D。
—你知道我们什么时候举行跳绳比赛吗？
—是的。下周五。
宾语从句的三大考点：语序、时态和引导词。此题涉及其语序和引导词的考点。解答时要根据语境，并结合选项分析宾语从句中所表述或询问的信息，方能选择正确的引导词。
13~20.【答案】A、C、B、D、A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。句意：轮到Jolene自我介绍时，她对全班同学说。A.introduce介绍；B.explain解释；C.develop发展；D.help帮助。根据My name is Jolene Johnson，but you can call me Jo-Jo.（我的名字是Jolene Johnson，但是你可以叫我乔乔。）可知，乔乔是在介绍自己。故选A。
（2）考查动词辨析。句意：为了帮助迪伊适应环境，然后安德森让他和本搭档做他一天的"朋友"。A.connected连接；B.compared比较；C.partnered成为搭档；D.controlled控制。根据with Ben as his "friend" for the day（和本做一天的"朋友"）可知，老师安排迪伊和本搭档。故选C。
（3）考查形容词辨析。句意：他看起来很孤独，乔乔想。A.proud骄傲的；B.lonely孤独的；C.excited兴奋的；D.weak虚弱的。根据Jo-Jo didn't like anyone to feel alone.（乔乔不喜欢任何人感到孤独。）可知，乔乔觉得迪伊是孤独的。故选B。
（4）考查名词辨析。句意：乔乔喜欢那个游戏。A.lunch午饭；B.shirt衬衫；C.school学校；D.game游戏。根据They spent the lunch break talking about the best ways to survive in the game.（他们利用午休时间讨论在游戏中生存的最佳方法。）可知，乔乔也喜欢那个游戏。故选D。
（5）考查动词辨析。句意：放学前，乔乔注意到迪伊没有报名，就问他是怎么回事。A.noticed注意到；B.reminded提醒；C.forgot忘记；D.decided决定。根据宾语从句Dee hadn't signed up（迪伊没有报名）可知，乔乔注意到了这件事。故选A。
（6）考查形容词辨析。句意：我在那里会觉得不舒服。A.difficult困难的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.lucky幸运的；D.bored无聊的。根据I don't really know anyone（我谁也不认识）可知，迪伊会觉得不舒服。故选B。
（7）考查名词辨析。句意：她整天都在想这件事，直到放学回家，她又有了一个主意！A.wish希望；B.lesson课程；C.idea主意；D.task任务。根据The next morning，she said to Dee， "I was thinking that organizing Minecraft.Monday would be a big job.How about you and I be partners？ "（第二天早上，她对迪伊说："我在考虑组织《我的世界》。周一将是一个大任务。你和我做搭档怎么样？"）可知，乔乔有了一个新的想法。故选C。
（8）考查动词辨析。句意：迪伊开始笑了。A.remember记住；B.wonder想知道；C.worry担忧；D.smile微笑。根据Wow，you really want me to be part of Minecraft Monday! （哇，你真的想让我参加周一的《我的世界》！）可知，迪伊笑了。故选D。
这篇短文讲述了乔乔用组织游戏的方式帮助迪伊融入集体的故事。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据题干Alice plans to enter the online poster competition.She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer.（爱丽丝计划参加网上海报比赛。她需要学习更多关于如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。）可知，说的是爱丽丝想要学习如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。结合选项可知，B项，青少年Canva 你喜欢艺术、画画和绘画吗？Canva是一个强大的在线设计平台，可以帮助你进行创作。青少年Canva可以让你在电脑上制作漂亮的卡片、海报或视频。你也可以在完成作品后立即在网上发布。符合语境。故选B。
（2）根据题干Gray likes reading books about stars and planets.He hopes to meet others who share the same interest.（格雷喜欢读关于恒星和行星的书。他希望能遇到其他有同样兴趣的人。）可知，说的是格雷希望遇到喜欢恒星和行星的人。结合选项可知，C项，太空俱乐部快来加入我们，通过有趣的每周项目来探索深空奇观！在这个俱乐部里，包括各种关于太空的话题，从火星到月球，再到黑洞和外星人。你还可以学习关于外太空的新事实，建造小项目，玩与课程相关的游戏。符合语境。故选C。
（3）根据题干Karl is interested in programming，and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot.（卡尔对编程很感兴趣，他想为自己的机器人创造一些很酷的动作。）可知，说的是卡尔对编程感兴趣，想为自己的机器人创造一些很酷的动作。结合选项可知，A项，初级机器人 在初级机器人，我们将向您介绍机器人的奇妙世界！在这个可爱的俱乐部里，你可以学习对机器人进行编程，使其移动、绘画、转弯等。不要担心编程。经验丰富的老师会全程指导你。而且不需要物理机器人。符合语境。故选A。
（1）爱丽丝计划参加网上海报比赛。她需要学习更多关于如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。——青少年Canva 你喜欢艺术、画画和绘画吗？Canva是一个强大的在线设计平台，可以帮助你进行创作。青少年Canva可以让你在电脑上制作漂亮的卡片、海报或视频。你也可以在完成作品后立即在网上发布。
（2）格雷喜欢读关于恒星和行星的书。他希望能遇到其他有同样兴趣的人。——太空俱乐部快来加入我们，通过有趣的每周项目来探索深空奇观！在这个俱乐部里，包括各种关于太空的话题，从火星到月球，再到黑洞和外星人。你还可以学习关于外太空的新事实，建造小项目，玩与课程相关的游戏。
（3）卡尔对编程很感兴趣，他想为自己的机器人创造一些很酷的动作。——初级机器人在初级机器人，我们将向您介绍机器人的奇妙世界！在这个可爱的俱乐部里，你可以学习对机器人进行编程，使其移动、绘画、转弯等。不要担心编程。经验丰富的老师会全程指导你。而且不需要物理机器人。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
22~24.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中and Manu decided to do a magic game.（Manu决定做一个魔术游戏。）可知Manu决定做一个魔术游戏，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段The night before the exhibition，he again checked the project to see if it was working fine.Alas!All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all.（在展览的前一天晚上，他再次检查了这个项目，看它是否正常工作。所有应该亮的灯似乎都没有亮起来。）可推知Manu的项目没能正常工作，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself "It's certainly great to have a teammate."（马努的眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒，他自言自语道："有一个队友真是太棒了。"）可推知他意识到了团队努力的重要性，故选A。
这篇短文主要主要介绍了数学老师要求每个学生都要做一个项目，并在数学周展览上展示。大部分学生都选择了组队完成，但Manu选择了独自完成。在展览前夕，Manu发现自己的项目出现了问题，后来Kevin主动帮助他修复了项目。Manu意识到有队友的帮助是多么重要。故事告诉我们，团队合作可以带来更好的结果。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25~27.【答案】D、C、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段The results were quite a surprise.More than 400 different chemicals had leached （析出） from new plastic bottles into the water.Water stored in used plastic bottles had the highest levels of plastic-related chemicals.Running the bottles through a dishwasher worsened the leaching.After a single washing，more than 3，500 different chemicals ended up in a bottle's water.（结果令人惊讶。400多种不同的化学物质从新塑料瓶中浸出到水中。储存在用过的塑料瓶中的水含有最高水平的塑料相关化学物质。用洗碗机清洗瓶子会加剧浸出。一次洗涤后，3500多种不同的化学物质最终进入瓶子的水中。）可知，我们能从这篇文章中学到"在洗过碗的瓶子里发现了3500多种塑料化学品"。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段"This study is a starting point， "she says.It gives researchers ideas about what chemicals from reusable bottles are probably in water.But it doesn't tell us what risks the now-polluted water may bring to us.More research is needed.（"这项研究是一个起点，"她说。它让研究人员了解了可重复使用的瓶子中可能存在的化学物质。但它并没有告诉我们现在被污染的水可能给我们带来什么风险。还需要更多的研究。）可知，根据这篇文章，需要进一步的研究来找出与塑料相关的化学品可能造成什么风险。故选C。
（3）主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了一项新研究，研究人员Jan Christensen和Selina Tisler对可重复使用的塑料瓶中的化学物质进行了研究，可知，这篇文章主要讲的是"关于塑料瓶的研究发现"。故选D。
本文主要介绍了一项新研究，研究人员Jan Christensen和Selina Tisler对可重复使用的塑料瓶中的化学物质进行了研究。文章还指出，降低与塑料相关的化学物质的暴露可能是一个好主意，建议使用非塑料瓶，并尽量不要在瓶子中存放水过夜或长时间。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
28~31.【答案】B、B、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段首句 Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying.（内在动机是指你因为觉得某件事令人满意而决定去做。）可知，当你研究一个你觉得有趣的主题时，你做一些事情是出于内在动机，故选：B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段中的For example，in a 2008 study，children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the toy after being externally rewarded.（例如，在2008年的一项研究中，因玩他们已经表示有兴趣玩的玩具而获得奖励的儿童在获得外部奖励后，对玩具的兴趣会降低。）可知，作者在第5段提到2008年的研究原因是证明外部奖励可以影响一个人的兴趣，故选：B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第八段第二句Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards （such as grades，report cards，and gold stars） undermines any intrinsic motivation that students might already have.（专家们认为，教育对外部奖励（如成绩、成绩单和金星）的传统强调……了学生可能已经拥有的任何内在动机。）可知，第8段中的"undermines"一词的意思是"削弱"，与选项A"weakens"意思相近，故选：A。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段As professor David Myers put it，a person's interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe nor to control but to show a job well done，as in a "most improved player" award.Put simply，rewards，rightly given，can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance.（正如David Myers 教授所说，当奖励既不是用来贿赂也不是用来控制，而是用来证明工作做得很好时，一个人的兴趣往往会持续下去，比如"最有进步的球员"奖。简单地说，奖励如果给予得当，可以增加乐趣，激励高绩效。）以及通读全文可推断出，本文主要探讨了人类行为背后的动机，即内在动机和外在动机。作者可能同意"适当的奖励可以鼓励进一步的进步"，故选：C。
本文主要探讨了人类行为背后的动机，即内在动机和外在动机。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
32.【答案】【小题1】She saw a big wildfire.
【小题2】To encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges.
【小题3】By spreading retardant to put out fires.
【小题4】Confident.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据"She was in the car with her family on the way home，when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back."（和家人在回家的路上坐在车里，突然出现了一场大野火，迫使他们返回。）可知普里莎在回家的路上看到了一场大野火。故填：She saw a big wildfire.
（2）细节理解题。根据" In 2021，Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention，whose goal is to encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges."（2021年，普里莎获得了勒梅尔森奖，该奖项旨在鼓励年轻的未来科学家、工程师和发明家解决一些世界上最大的挑战。）可知勒梅尔森奖的目的是鼓励年轻的未来科学家、工程师和发明家解决一些世界上最大的挑战。故填：To encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges.
（3）细节理解题。根据".It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant （阻燃剂）."（它是一架被派往火场散播阻燃剂的无人机。）可知普里莎的无人机将通过喷洒阻燃剂来灭火。故填：By spreading retardant to put out fires.
（4）开放性试题，答案合理即可。根据"It really gave me confidence to find ways to solve big problems，and that I have the ability to make a big difference."（找到解决重大问题的方法确实给了我信心。我相信我有能力改变这一切。）故填：Confident.Because it can help me become confident.
本文讲述了蒲丽莎发明了无人机帮助消防站灭火的事情。
首先，对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意；其次，细读题材，各个击破；再次，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
33.【答案】The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty.However，the most beautiful season in my mind is spring. （最美的季节是春天）Spring in Beijing is the most colorful time of the whole year.After such a long period of cold weather，everyone is excited about the new season.The trees turn green and the flowers come out.Everything is new.The temperature is neither high nor low，just right for doing outdoor activities.【高分句型一】It's the best time to go hiking.You can enjoy all kinds of flowers everywhere.You can hear the birds singing on the trees.It's really relaxing to enjoy the beauty of nature.【高分句型二】Of course，you can fly kites ，play games or play soccer on the grass. （为什么喜欢春天）
All in all，I like spring in Beijing best.
【解析】 【高分句型一】
The temperature is neither high nor low，just right for doing outdoor activities.
温度既不高也不低，正好适合户外活动。just right doing sth.正适合做某事。
【高分句型二】
It's really relaxing to enjoy the beauty of nature.
享受大自然之美真的很放松。It's +adj.+to do sth.做某事怎么样。it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
34.【答案】 Everyone needs to be encouraged now and then.
When I was in primary school，I had a bad grade. 【高分句型一】I had to be a good young pioneer.My composition was very bad，and my parents had to change a lot of things for me.Since I entered the junior high school，my grades have increased and my composition has improved a lot.Guess why I progressed so quickly from middle school？It all depends on the teacher's encouragement.Because I got A+ for every composition I submitted，whether I wrote it well or not.And he also wrote in the exercise book "you have made progress and you need to work harder." And that boosted my confidence.My progress depends not only on the teacher but also on my parents.I was so stubborn that I was always beaten by my parents.My homework was always late.When I was about to take the midterm，my mother told me that if I did well in the exam，she would award me MP4 or take me out to play. 【高分句型二】I was very happy，and I worked hard，got a good grade，and was praised by my parents. （我受到鼓励的经历）So my confidence grew stronger. （这次经历对我的影响）
Without encouragement，my grades would not have risen.Without encouragement，my composition will not be well written.Without encouragement，I am not confident.
【解析】 【高分句型一】
When I was in primary school，I had a bad grade.当我在小学的时候，我的成绩很差。when引导的时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
When I was about to take the midterm，my mother told me that if I did well in the exam，she would award me MP4 or take me out to play.在我即将参加期中考试的时候，我妈妈告诉我，如果我考得好，她会奖励我MP4或者带我出去玩。if引导的条件状语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
2023年北京市西城区中考英语二模试卷
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
1. My sister loves water sports，and swimming is_____ favorite.（ ）
A. her B. his C. my D. your
2. We have an English Corner________7：30 pm every Friday.Anyone can come.（ ）
A. on B. in C. at D. to
3. Let's put the cake in the fridge，_________ it may go bad tomorrow.（ ）
A. but B. or C. and D. so
4. —The experiment looks interesting._____I have a try？
—Sure.Go ahead，please.（ ）
A. Must B. Need C. May D. Should
5. —Becca，you look so fit._____do you exercise？
—I go swimming twice a week.（ ）
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
6. The National Stadium can hold 91，000 people，and it is________ stadium in Beijing.（ ）
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
7. —What do you like to do in your free time？
—I often ________museums with my friends.（ ）
A. visit B. visited C. am visiting D. was visiting
8. If you start a hobby，it _____a new world for you.（ ）
A. opened B. was opening C. will open D. has opened
9. —What did you do for your class project？
—We _______a wildlife video.（ ）
A. make B. made C. will make D. are make
10. Many people __________us their old books since we started our mini-library.（ ）
A. give B. gave C. will give D. have given
11. Nowadays，students _________more chances to take cultural field trips.（ ）
A. offer B. offered C. are offered D. were offered
12. —Do you know______ the rope jumping competition？
—Yes.Next Friday.（ ）
A. where will we have B. where we will have
C. when will we have D. when we will have
"My name is Jolene Johnson，but you can call me Jo-Jo.I have two new puppies，and you are all invited to see them after school!" Jolene said to the class when it was her turn to （1） ______ herself.
Mrs.Anderson，the teacher，smiled and then introduced another new kid named Dee Rogen.When he spoke，he was quiet and didn't say much.To help Dee fit in，Mrs.Anderson then （2） ______ him with Ben as his "friend" for the day.
At lunch time，Jo-Jo saw that Dee was sitting with Ben and his friends but not talking to anyone.He looked （3） ______ ， thought Jo-Jo.
Jo-Jo didn't like anyone to feel alone.She noticed that Dee had a shirt on that said "I Paused My Game to be Here. " Jo-Jo had an idea.She took her lunch near Dee and said， "I like your shirt.What games do you play？"
Dee smiled and said his favorite was Minecraft.Jo-Jo loved that （4） ______ !They spent the lunch break talking about the best ways to survive （存活）in the game.
On Friday，Jo-Jo said that she was having Minecraft.
Monday at her house after school and everyone in her class was invited.Jo-Jo pulled out a sign-up sheet from her schoolbag.Several students ran up to her at once.
Before school was over，Jo-Jo（5） ______ Dee hadn't signed up and asked him about it. "I don't really know anyone，Jo-Jo. " Dee answered. "I wouldn't feel （6） ______ being there. "
Jo-Jo was confused because she thought he would love the idea.It was on her mind all day until she went home from school—where she had another （7） ______ !
The next morning，she said to Dee， "I was thinking that organizing Minecraft.Monday would be a big job.How about you and I be partners？ "
Dee started to （8） ______ . "Wow，you really want me to be part of Minecraft Monday! "
"We would be a great team! "
"I think so too， " said Dee excitedly.
13. A. introduce B. explain C. develop D. help
14. A. connected B. compared C. partnered D. controlled
15. A. proud B. lonely C. excited D. weak
16. A. lunch B. shirt C. school D. game
17. A. noticed B. reminded C. forgot D. decided
18. A. difficult B. comfortable C. lucky D. bored
19. A. wish B. lesson C. idea D. task
20. A. remember B. wonder C. worry D. smile
21.
A.Junior Robotics
In Junior Robotics，we will introduce you to the fantastic world of robotics!In this lovely club，you can learn to program a robot to move，draw，turn，and more.Don't worry about the programming.An experienced teacher will guide you all the way along.And no physical robot is needed.
B.Canva for Teenagers
Do you love art，painting and drawing？Canva，a powerful online design platform，can help you with your creation.Canva for Teenagers allows you to create beautiful cards，posters or videos on the computer.You can also post your works online right after you finish them.
C.Space Club
Come and join us to discover the wonder of deep space with fun weekly projects!In this club，various topics about space are included，from Mars to the moon，to black holes and aliens （外星人）.You can also learn new facts about outer space，build small projects and play games related to the lessons.
（1） ______ Alice plans to enter the online poster competition.She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer.
（2） ______ Gray likes reading books about stars and planets.He hopes to meet others who share the same interest.
（3） ______ Karl is interested in programming，and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot.
(1)
(2)
(3)
O
Math Week
"Next week is Math Week.I would like each one of you to do a project.It will be shown at the Math Week exhibition.You could do it on your own or in a group， " Mrs.Lee，the math teacher said.
After school，Manu sat in the classroom along with Kevin who was not as good as Manu at math.
Kevin said， "Manu，shall we work on the math project together？"
Manu said， "Sorry，but I prefer to do it on my own. "
The next day，all the students submitted （提交）their topics for the math exhibition.Almost all of them worked in a group except Manu.Kevin's team decided to do Snakes and Ladders，Junaid's team decided to do a crossword puzzle，and Manu decided to do a magic game，and of course，he did it all alone.
Manu completed the project and was happy with the result.The night before the exhibition，he again checked the project to see if it was working fine.Alas!All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all.Manu was worried and even cried out because he didn't know how to fix it.In the end，he had no choice but to take it to school.
At the same time，Kevin's team were working on their project at Kevin's house.If one member got stuck somewhere，the others helped out.It was a sight of real team work.
Finally，it was time for the Math Week exhibition.All the teams placed their projects on the table with pride except Manu.Students enjoyed Snakes and Ladders.Manu was embarrassed （尴尬的）to present his non-working magic game.Mrs.Lee looked at him and said， "There's still time.Maybe you can get someone to help you with it. "
Kevin offered to help.Luckily，he fixed it just in time for the show.
Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself "It's certainly great to have a teammate."
22. Which project did Manu make for Math Week？ ______
A. Snakes and Ladders. B. A magic game.
C. A crossword puzzle. D. A poster.
23. What happened the night before the exhibition？ ______
A. Kevin offered to work with Manu.
B. Mrs.Lee advised Manu to get help.
C. Manu was refused by Junaid's team.
D. Manu's project failed to work properly.
24. From his experience，Manu ______ .
A. realized the importance of team effort
B. found math the most interesting subject
C. regretted designing such a difficult project
D. understood making friends helps one go far
P
Water lovers will tell you that not all water tastes the same.However，if your water tastes different when it's in a reusable plastic bottle，a new study finds it may be a cause for worry.
Two scientists，Jan Christensen and Selina Tisler，have undertaken a study about which chemicals （化学物质）in reusable plastic bottles go into the water.They let water sit for 24 hours in new bottles，in used bottles and in bottles that had just come out of a dishwashing machine.After that，they compared what they found in the water in the different bottles.
The results were quite a surprise.More than 400 different chemicals had leached （析出） from new plastic bottles into the water.Water stored in used plastic bottles had the highest levels of plastic-related chemicals.Running the bottles through a dishwasher worsened the leaching.After a single washing，more than 3，500 different chemicals ended up in a bottle's water.Many of these were related to dishwasher soap （洗碗皂） and remained even after a second washing with running water.What's more，dishwashing itself also caused more plastic chemicals to leach.
Similar discoveries were also made by Pat Hunt，a biologist at Washington State University.She found that heat can cause chemicals to move out of plastics.Hot water in a dishwasher helps to clean dishes.But plastics can start to break down if they are in hot water repeatedly， "Plastics just shouldn't go in the dishwasher， " she concludes.
Christensen and Tisler's study found some chemicals that are probably harmful.Future studies could make clear how much of each chemical is there.And that's important.Just because a chemical is in the water doesn't mean it will cause problems.Much of the risk will depend on how much of a chemical actually gets into the body.
Hunt agrees."This study is a starting point， "she says.It gives researchers ideas about what chemicals from reusable bottles are probably in water.But it doesn't tell us what risks the now-polluted water may bring to us.More research is needed.
Still，lowering exposures （接触）to plastic-related chemicals is probably a good idea.Hunt suggests using non-plastic bottles. "If you do use a plastic bottle，fill it up and use it right away， "Tisler adds. "It's best not to store water in them overnight or for long periods of time. "
25. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. The length of time water is kept in plastics matters.
B. Water in new plastic bottles has the most chemicals.
C. Drinking hot water in plastic bottles harms people's health.
D. Over 3，500 plastic chemicals are found in dishwashed bottles.
26. According to the passage，further research is needed to find out ______ .
A. whether chemicals actually enter the body
B. how plastic-related chemicals get into water
C. what risks plastic-related chemicals may cause
D. when people should throw away a plastic bottle
27. What is this passage mainly about？ ______
A. Improper usage of plastic bottles.
B. Various opinions about plastic bottles.
C. Unknown chemicals in plastic bottles.
D. Research findings about plastic bottles.
Q
Why do we do the things we do？What drives our behavior？Psychologists have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation （动机），including looking at whether motivation arises from outside （extrinsic） or inside （intrinsic） a person.
Researchers have found that each type has a different effect on a person's behavior and efforts to achieve goals.To better understand the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on human behavior，it would help to learn how each type works.
Extrinsic motivation is when you are motivated to perform a behavior or take part in an activity because you want to get a reward （奖赏）or avoid punishment.You will take action not because you enjoy it，but because you expect to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant.
Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying.You are performing an activity for what it is not because you are after some external （外部的）reward.The behavior itself is its own reward.
Studies have shown that offering too many external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can reduce intrinsic motivation—which is known as the over justification （奖励过当）effect.For example，in a 2008 study，children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the toy after being externally rewarded.
This is not to suggest that extrinsic motivation is a bad thing—it can be beneficial in some situations.For example，extrinsic motivation can be especially helpful when a person needs to complete a task that they find unpleasant.
Most people would accept that intrinsic motivation is best，but it is not always possible in every situation.Sometimes a person simply has no internal wish to join in an activity.
Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning.Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards （such as grades，report cards，and gold stars） undermines any intrinsic motivation that students might already have.However，others have suggested that extrinsic motivators can help students feel more knowledgeable in the classroom，which in turn builds up their intrinsic motivation.
As professor David Myers put it，a person's interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe（贿赂）nor to control but to show a job well done，as in a "most improved player" award.Put simply，rewards，rightly given，can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance.
Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people perform tasks and improve their learning.
28. You do something out of intrinsic motivation when you ______ .
A. do schoolwork to get a good grade
B. work on a subject you find interesting
C. take part in a sport to receive recognition
D. clean your room to avoid criticism from your parents
29. Why does the writer mention the 2008 study in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. To explain the benefits of offering toys as rewards.
B. To prove external rewards can influence one's interest.
C. To introduce how intrinsic motivation works in children.
D. To stress the importance of understanding intrinsic motivation.
30. The word "undermines" in Paragraph 8 means ______ .
A. weakens B. separates C. improves D. encourages
31. The writer probably agrees that ______ .
A. extrinsic motivation is key to one's achievement
B. intrinsic motivation has little to do with enjoying a task
C. properly-given rewards can encourage further improvement
D. offering rewards of any kind takes the fun out of an activity
32.
Fighting Wildfires through Invention
At the age of 13，Prisha Shroff saw something that made her want to change the world.She was in the car with her family on the way home，when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back.
"I saw it in person，5，she says. "The air pollution was so bad that we were told not to step outside of our car，or outside of our house. "
At the same time，Prisha remembered seeing other wildfires on the news.She thought， "This isn't just a small problem，it's a worldwide problem." And she decided to look for a way to help.
The opportunity came when she attended her middle-school science fair.For her project，Prisha decided to design a system that could discover and put out wildfires.Using A.L and satellite imagery （卫星影像），it could know where wildfires would take place and also discover active fires.
In 2021，Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention，whose goal is to encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges. "That was the first big prize that I'd gotten，she says. "It really gave me confidence to find ways to solve big problems，and that I have the ability to make a big difference. "
Now 16，Prisha is working hard on her design to help fire stations.It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant （阻燃剂）. " If they discover a wildfire，the drone can fly there，put it out，and come back."Prisha says.
Prisha is crazy about creating solutions to not only mitigate（缓解）wildfires，but also the effects of climate change in general. "This is our planet，we should take care of it， "she says.Prisha now runs a special program at her school，and has spoken at the United Nations about the importance of learning certain knowledge and coming up with more inventions to help fight against climate change.
To future young inventors，Prisha says the key is to not simply hope something happens，but to actually try hard to make it happen， "You don't need to change the whole world，but you can still change someone's whole world， "she says.
(1) What did Prisha see on the way home？ ______
(2) What is the goal of Lemelson Award for Invention？ ______
(3) How will Prisha's drone help fire stations？ ______
(4) Among Prisha's qualities （品格），which one（s）do you value the most？Why？ ______ ______
33. 假如你是李华，你校英语社团公众号计划做主题为"The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing "的系列推送。请你用英语给公众号留言，推荐一个你心目中北京最美的季节，并说明理由。
提示词语：flowers，colorful，activity，weather
提示问题：
• What's the most beautiful season in Beijing？
• Why do you love it？
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty.
34. 鼓励宛如融融春风，温暖着每个人的心灵。
某英文网站正在开展主题为" The Power of Encouragement"的征文活动。假如你是李华，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍一次你受到鼓励的经历，并谈谈这次经历对你的影响。
提示词语：improve，confident，effort，hope
提示问题：
• What was the experience？
• What have you learnt from it？
Everyone needs to be encouraged now and then.
答案和解析
1.【答案】A
【解析】her她的/她，形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格；his他的，名词性物主代词/形容词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；your你的/你们的，形容词性物主代词。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词favorite作定语，应使用形容词性物主代词；根据"My sister loves water sports ，我妹妹喜欢水上运动，"可知，游泳是她的最爱。
故选：A。
我妹妹喜欢水上运动，游泳是她的最爱。
掌握代词的基本用法，结合语境，认真分析，得出答案。
2.【答案】C
【解析】表示时间，at用于钟点或年龄前，in用于年代、季节或月份前，on用于具体日期、星期或某一天前。to到，根据后面7：30pm晚上七点半，可知此处指的是"在几点钟"，用介词at。
故选：C。
我们每周五晚上七点半有一个英语角。任何人都可以来。
考查介词辨析时，首先理解句子的含义及介词之间的区别。其次要注意固定的搭配，注意语法现象。
3.【答案】B
【解析】A.but但是；B.or否则；C.and 和；D.so因此。根据 Let's put the cake in the fridge（我们把蛋糕放进冰箱吧），可知否则明天它可能会变质。
故选：B。
我们把蛋糕放进冰箱吧，否则明天可能会变质。
掌握不同连词的词义是解答此题的关键。
4.【答案】C
【解析】must必须，一定；need需要；may可能，可以；must必须，一定，都是情态动词。根据后句句意"当然。请去吧"可知，前句为"这个实验看起来很有趣。我可以试一试吗"，要填"可以"，其它选项语意不通。
故选：C。
——这个实验看起来很有趣。我可以试一试吗？
——当然。请去吧。
考查情态动词，牢记情态动词的含义和用法，进行对比，排除错误的答案，从而做出正确的答案。
5.【答案】B
【解析】How long多久，提问时段；How often多久一次，提问频度；How soon将要多久；How far多远，提问距离。根据题干Four times a week.可知问的是频度。
故选：B。
—贝卡，你看起来很健康。你多久锻炼一次？
—我一周游泳两次。
掌握特殊疑问词的用法，分析题目，结合句意选择适当的特殊疑问词。
6.【答案】D
【解析】large大的，larger更大的，比较级，largest最大的，最高级，使用时前面要加定冠词the，根据前面The National Stadium can hold 91，000 people国家体育馆可容纳9.1万人。可知，it指代"The National Stadium "，in Beijing表示比较的范围，由此可知，国家体育馆是北京最大的体育馆，此处要用形容词最高级。
故选：D。
国家体育馆可容纳9.1万人，是北京最大的体育馆。
考查形容词的最高级。掌握形容词的最高级构成以及使用的语境。
7.【答案】A
【解析】visit是动词原形，是一般现在时；visited是过去式，是一般过去时；am visiting是现在进行时；was visiting是过去进行时。根据句意和前句是一般现在时可知，回答也用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语用动词原形。
故选：A。
——你在空闲时间喜欢做什么？
——我经常和我的朋友们一起参观博物馆。
对时态的考查，要求牢记各种时态的构成形式，结合时间状语和上下文的关系，找出正确答案。
8.【答案】C
【解析】opened是过去式，是一般过去时；was opening是过去进行时；will open是一般将来时；has opened是现在完成时。条件状语从句If you start a hobby是一般现在时，主句表述将来要发生的事情，要用一般将来时。
故选：C。
如果你开始了一个爱好，它将为你打开一个新的世界。
对时态的考查，要求牢记各种时态的构成形式，结合时间状语和上下文的关系，找出正确答案。
9.【答案】B
【解析】make制作。选项A是动词原形；选项B是过去式；选项C是一般将来时；选项D是错误表达形式。根据问句的时态可知空格处应使用一般过去时，谓语用动词的过去式表示，本题答案是B。
故选：B。
--你的课堂项目做的什么？
--我们制作了一个野生动物视频。
本题主要考查一般过去时的基本用法。
10.【答案】D
【解析】A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.一般将来时；D.现在完成时。since表示"自从"，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
故选：D。
自从我们开了迷你图书馆后，许多人把他们的旧书给我们。
了解现在完成时的时间状语以及用法，观察选项，结合语境找关键词，即可得出答案。
11.【答案】C
【解析】根据语境可知，题干主语students和其谓语offer之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语nowadays表明动作发生在现在，因此设空处应用一般现在时态的被动语态，即are offered符合语境，表"被提供（机会）"。干扰项A项是一般现在时态的主动语态，B项是一般过去时态的主动语态，D项是一般过去时态的被动语态；均不符合语境。
故选：C。
如今，学生们有更多的机会进行文化实地考察。
动词的时态和语态是中考的必考知识点，题目中常常将两者结合在一起进行考查，因此学生需根据题意及题干的关键信息进行判断分析再作答。
12.【答案】D
【解析】分析句式，题干设空处是动词know后的宾语从句，其语序应用陈述语序，故排除A、C项（均使用了疑问语序）；再根据语境及答语可知，问句询问的是关于时间的信息，因此应用when作引导词，即D项表述符合语境。干扰项B项意为"我们在哪里举行……"，不符合语境。
故选：D。
—你知道我们什么时候举行跳绳比赛吗？
—是的。下周五。
宾语从句的三大考点：语序、时态和引导词。此题涉及其语序和引导词的考点。解答时要根据语境，并结合选项分析宾语从句中所表述或询问的信息，方能选择正确的引导词。
13~20.【答案】A、C、B、D、A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。句意：轮到Jolene自我介绍时，她对全班同学说。A.introduce介绍；B.explain解释；C.develop发展；D.help帮助。根据My name is Jolene Johnson，but you can call me Jo-Jo.（我的名字是Jolene Johnson，但是你可以叫我乔乔。）可知，乔乔是在介绍自己。故选A。
（2）考查动词辨析。句意：为了帮助迪伊适应环境，然后安德森让他和本搭档做他一天的"朋友"。A.connected连接；B.compared比较；C.partnered成为搭档；D.controlled控制。根据with Ben as his "friend" for the day（和本做一天的"朋友"）可知，老师安排迪伊和本搭档。故选C。
（3）考查形容词辨析。句意：他看起来很孤独，乔乔想。A.proud骄傲的；B.lonely孤独的；C.excited兴奋的；D.weak虚弱的。根据Jo-Jo didn't like anyone to feel alone.（乔乔不喜欢任何人感到孤独。）可知，乔乔觉得迪伊是孤独的。故选B。
（4）考查名词辨析。句意：乔乔喜欢那个游戏。A.lunch午饭；B.shirt衬衫；C.school学校；D.game游戏。根据They spent the lunch break talking about the best ways to survive in the game.（他们利用午休时间讨论在游戏中生存的最佳方法。）可知，乔乔也喜欢那个游戏。故选D。
（5）考查动词辨析。句意：放学前，乔乔注意到迪伊没有报名，就问他是怎么回事。A.noticed注意到；B.reminded提醒；C.forgot忘记；D.decided决定。根据宾语从句Dee hadn't signed up（迪伊没有报名）可知，乔乔注意到了这件事。故选A。
（6）考查形容词辨析。句意：我在那里会觉得不舒服。A.difficult困难的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.lucky幸运的；D.bored无聊的。根据I don't really know anyone（我谁也不认识）可知，迪伊会觉得不舒服。故选B。
（7）考查名词辨析。句意：她整天都在想这件事，直到放学回家，她又有了一个主意！A.wish希望；B.lesson课程；C.idea主意；D.task任务。根据The next morning，she said to Dee， "I was thinking that organizing Minecraft.Monday would be a big job.How about you and I be partners？ "（第二天早上，她对迪伊说："我在考虑组织《我的世界》。周一将是一个大任务。你和我做搭档怎么样？"）可知，乔乔有了一个新的想法。故选C。
（8）考查动词辨析。句意：迪伊开始笑了。A.remember记住；B.wonder想知道；C.worry担忧；D.smile微笑。根据Wow，you really want me to be part of Minecraft Monday! （哇，你真的想让我参加周一的《我的世界》！）可知，迪伊笑了。故选D。
这篇短文讲述了乔乔用组织游戏的方式帮助迪伊融入集体的故事。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】A
【解析】细节推理题。
（1）根据题干Alice plans to enter the online poster competition.She needs to learn more about how to design posters on the computer.（爱丽丝计划参加网上海报比赛。她需要学习更多关于如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。）可知，说的是爱丽丝想要学习如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。结合选项可知，B项，青少年Canva 你喜欢艺术、画画和绘画吗？Canva是一个强大的在线设计平台，可以帮助你进行创作。青少年Canva可以让你在电脑上制作漂亮的卡片、海报或视频。你也可以在完成作品后立即在网上发布。符合语境。故选B。
（2）根据题干Gray likes reading books about stars and planets.He hopes to meet others who share the same interest.（格雷喜欢读关于恒星和行星的书。他希望能遇到其他有同样兴趣的人。）可知，说的是格雷希望遇到喜欢恒星和行星的人。结合选项可知，C项，太空俱乐部快来加入我们，通过有趣的每周项目来探索深空奇观！在这个俱乐部里，包括各种关于太空的话题，从火星到月球，再到黑洞和外星人。你还可以学习关于外太空的新事实，建造小项目，玩与课程相关的游戏。符合语境。故选C。
（3）根据题干Karl is interested in programming，and he wants to create some cool actions for his own robot.（卡尔对编程很感兴趣，他想为自己的机器人创造一些很酷的动作。）可知，说的是卡尔对编程感兴趣，想为自己的机器人创造一些很酷的动作。结合选项可知，A项，初级机器人 在初级机器人，我们将向您介绍机器人的奇妙世界！在这个可爱的俱乐部里，你可以学习对机器人进行编程，使其移动、绘画、转弯等。不要担心编程。经验丰富的老师会全程指导你。而且不需要物理机器人。符合语境。故选A。
（1）爱丽丝计划参加网上海报比赛。她需要学习更多关于如何在电脑上设计海报的知识。——青少年Canva 你喜欢艺术、画画和绘画吗？Canva是一个强大的在线设计平台，可以帮助你进行创作。青少年Canva可以让你在电脑上制作漂亮的卡片、海报或视频。你也可以在完成作品后立即在网上发布。
（2）格雷喜欢读关于恒星和行星的书。他希望能遇到其他有同样兴趣的人。——太空俱乐部快来加入我们，通过有趣的每周项目来探索深空奇观！在这个俱乐部里，包括各种关于太空的话题，从火星到月球，再到黑洞和外星人。你还可以学习关于外太空的新事实，建造小项目，玩与课程相关的游戏。
（3）卡尔对编程很感兴趣，他想为自己的机器人创造一些很酷的动作。——初级机器人在初级机器人，我们将向您介绍机器人的奇妙世界！在这个可爱的俱乐部里，你可以学习对机器人进行编程，使其移动、绘画、转弯等。不要担心编程。经验丰富的老师会全程指导你。而且不需要物理机器人。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
22~24.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中and Manu decided to do a magic game.（Manu决定做一个魔术游戏。）可知Manu决定做一个魔术游戏，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段The night before the exhibition，he again checked the project to see if it was working fine.Alas!All the lights that were supposed to shine did not seem to light up at all.（在展览的前一天晚上，他再次检查了这个项目，看它是否正常工作。所有应该亮的灯似乎都没有亮起来。）可推知Manu的项目没能正常工作，故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Manu's eyes were shining with excitement and he said to himself "It's certainly great to have a teammate."（马努的眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒，他自言自语道："有一个队友真是太棒了。"）可推知他意识到了团队努力的重要性，故选A。
这篇短文主要主要介绍了数学老师要求每个学生都要做一个项目，并在数学周展览上展示。大部分学生都选择了组队完成，但Manu选择了独自完成。在展览前夕，Manu发现自己的项目出现了问题，后来Kevin主动帮助他修复了项目。Manu意识到有队友的帮助是多么重要。故事告诉我们，团队合作可以带来更好的结果。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25~27.【答案】D、C、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段The results were quite a surprise.More than 400 different chemicals had leached （析出） from new plastic bottles into the water.Water stored in used plastic bottles had the highest levels of plastic-related chemicals.Running the bottles through a dishwasher worsened the leaching.After a single washing，more than 3，500 different chemicals ended up in a bottle's water.（结果令人惊讶。400多种不同的化学物质从新塑料瓶中浸出到水中。储存在用过的塑料瓶中的水含有最高水平的塑料相关化学物质。用洗碗机清洗瓶子会加剧浸出。一次洗涤后，3500多种不同的化学物质最终进入瓶子的水中。）可知，我们能从这篇文章中学到"在洗过碗的瓶子里发现了3500多种塑料化学品"。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段"This study is a starting point， "she says.It gives researchers ideas about what chemicals from reusable bottles are probably in water.But it doesn't tell us what risks the now-polluted water may bring to us.More research is needed.（"这项研究是一个起点，"她说。它让研究人员了解了可重复使用的瓶子中可能存在的化学物质。但它并没有告诉我们现在被污染的水可能给我们带来什么风险。还需要更多的研究。）可知，根据这篇文章，需要进一步的研究来找出与塑料相关的化学品可能造成什么风险。故选C。
（3）主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了一项新研究，研究人员Jan Christensen和Selina Tisler对可重复使用的塑料瓶中的化学物质进行了研究，可知，这篇文章主要讲的是"关于塑料瓶的研究发现"。故选D。
本文主要介绍了一项新研究，研究人员Jan Christensen和Selina Tisler对可重复使用的塑料瓶中的化学物质进行了研究。文章还指出，降低与塑料相关的化学物质的暴露可能是一个好主意，建议使用非塑料瓶，并尽量不要在瓶子中存放水过夜或长时间。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
28~31.【答案】B、B、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段首句 Intrinsic motivation is when you decide to do something because you find it satisfying.（内在动机是指你因为觉得某件事令人满意而决定去做。）可知，当你研究一个你觉得有趣的主题时，你做一些事情是出于内在动机，故选：B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段中的For example，in a 2008 study，children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the toy after being externally rewarded.（例如，在2008年的一项研究中，因玩他们已经表示有兴趣玩的玩具而获得奖励的儿童在获得外部奖励后，对玩具的兴趣会降低。）可知，作者在第5段提到2008年的研究原因是证明外部奖励可以影响一个人的兴趣，故选：B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第八段第二句Experts have argued that education's traditional stress on external rewards （such as grades，report cards，and gold stars） undermines any intrinsic motivation that students might already have.（专家们认为，教育对外部奖励（如成绩、成绩单和金星）的传统强调……了学生可能已经拥有的任何内在动机。）可知，第8段中的"undermines"一词的意思是"削弱"，与选项A"weakens"意思相近，故选：A。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段As professor David Myers put it，a person's interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe nor to control but to show a job well done，as in a "most improved player" award.Put simply，rewards，rightly given，can increase enjoyment and motivate high performance.（正如David Myers 教授所说，当奖励既不是用来贿赂也不是用来控制，而是用来证明工作做得很好时，一个人的兴趣往往会持续下去，比如"最有进步的球员"奖。简单地说，奖励如果给予得当，可以增加乐趣，激励高绩效。）以及通读全文可推断出，本文主要探讨了人类行为背后的动机，即内在动机和外在动机。作者可能同意"适当的奖励可以鼓励进一步的进步"，故选：C。
本文主要探讨了人类行为背后的动机，即内在动机和外在动机。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
32.【答案】【小题1】She saw a big wildfire.
【小题2】To encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges.
【小题3】By spreading retardant to put out fires.
【小题4】Confident.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据"She was in the car with her family on the way home，when a big wildfire came in sight and forced them to turn back."（和家人在回家的路上坐在车里，突然出现了一场大野火，迫使他们返回。）可知普里莎在回家的路上看到了一场大野火。故填：She saw a big wildfire.
（2）细节理解题。根据" In 2021，Prisha won the Lemelson Award for Invention，whose goal is to encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges."（2021年，普里莎获得了勒梅尔森奖，该奖项旨在鼓励年轻的未来科学家、工程师和发明家解决一些世界上最大的挑战。）可知勒梅尔森奖的目的是鼓励年轻的未来科学家、工程师和发明家解决一些世界上最大的挑战。故填：To encourage young future scientists，engineers，and inventors to solve some of the world's biggest challenges.
（3）细节理解题。根据".It is a drone sent to an active fire to spread retardant （阻燃剂）."（它是一架被派往火场散播阻燃剂的无人机。）可知普里莎的无人机将通过喷洒阻燃剂来灭火。故填：By spreading retardant to put out fires.
（4）开放性试题，答案合理即可。根据"It really gave me confidence to find ways to solve big problems，and that I have the ability to make a big difference."（找到解决重大问题的方法确实给了我信心。我相信我有能力改变这一切。）故填：Confident.Because it can help me become confident.
本文讲述了蒲丽莎发明了无人机帮助消防站灭火的事情。
首先，对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意；其次，细读题材，各个击破；再次，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
33.【答案】The Most Beautiful Season in Beijing
Each season in Beijing has its special beauty.However，the most beautiful season in my mind is spring. （最美的季节是春天）Spring in Beijing is the most colorful time of the whole year.After such a long period of cold weather，everyone is excited about the new season.The trees turn green and the flowers come out.Everything is new.The temperature is neither high nor low，just right for doing outdoor activities.【高分句型一】It's the best time to go hiking.You can enjoy all kinds of flowers everywhere.You can hear the birds singing on the trees.It's really relaxing to enjoy the beauty of nature.【高分句型二】Of course，you can fly kites ，play games or play soccer on the grass. （为什么喜欢春天）
All in all，I like spring in Beijing best.
【解析】 【高分句型一】
The temperature is neither high nor low，just right for doing outdoor activities.
温度既不高也不低，正好适合户外活动。just right doing sth.正适合做某事。
【高分句型二】
It's really relaxing to enjoy the beauty of nature.
享受大自然之美真的很放松。It's +adj.+to do sth.做某事怎么样。it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
34.【答案】 Everyone needs to be encouraged now and then.
When I was in primary school，I had a bad grade. 【高分句型一】I had to be a good young pioneer.My composition was very bad，and my parents had to change a lot of things for me.Since I entered the junior high school，my grades have increased and my composition has improved a lot.Guess why I progressed so quickly from middle school？It all depends on the teacher's encouragement.Because I got A+ for every composition I submitted，whether I wrote it well or not.And he also wrote in the exercise book "you have made progress and you need to work harder." And that boosted my confidence.My progress depends not only on the teacher but also on my parents.I was so stubborn that I was always beaten by my parents.My homework was always late.When I was about to take the midterm，my mother told me that if I did well in the exam，she would award me MP4 or take me out to play. 【高分句型二】I was very happy，and I worked hard，got a good grade，and was praised by my parents. （我受到鼓励的经历）So my confidence grew stronger. （这次经历对我的影响）
Without encouragement，my grades would not have risen.Without encouragement，my composition will not be well written.Without encouragement，I am not confident.
【解析】 【高分句型一】
When I was in primary school，I had a bad grade.当我在小学的时候，我的成绩很差。when引导的时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
When I was about to take the midterm，my mother told me that if I did well in the exam，she would award me MP4 or take me out to play.在我即将参加期中考试的时候，我妈妈告诉我，如果我考得好，她会奖励我MP4或者带我出去玩。if引导的条件状语从句。
能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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