2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（乙卷）（含解析）

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这是一份2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（乙卷）（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（乙卷）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine.
2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education.
3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.

4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
6. What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
7. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.

8. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.
9. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
11. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.

12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
14. What does the underlined word "conversation" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.   (16)  , but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.   (17)  .
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, " (18)  . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood." Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.   (19)  .
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. "  (20)  ," Spoelstra says. "It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature."
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding

16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she   (21)    best. She had to   (22)    her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say   (23) to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to (24)    waves on her board. But it was (25) to take the leap (飞跃), however (26) it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she (27)   about 1,200 miles away from home, to (28)   with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never   (29)   and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did (30)    what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she (31)   two Russians. The Chinese coach (32)    Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the (33) , helping her skyrocket from an (34) member of the national team to the top of the sport. By (35)    the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She (36) the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt (37) all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team, did not think Douglas had what it (38)    to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought (39)    that she could make the London Games and win.
"I'm going to inspire so many people," she said. "I'm ready to (40)   ." And shine she did.

21. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
22. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
23. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no
24. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
25. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough
26. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning
27. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
28. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
29. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
30. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly
31. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
32. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
33. A. world B. city C. team D. state
34. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic
35. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
36. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
37. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy
38. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
39. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on
40. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong   (1)    royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (2) (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place (3) welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural (4)   (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, (5)    somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (6)   (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (7)    (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (8)   (record) everything I discovered.
The (9) (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (10)    (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起)不计分
Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. Mom was sure same color would look great on her. She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying. However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use. At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldnˈt wash out.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 学校英文报组织同学们分享自己在假期中学到的新技能，请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括:
1.简要描述；
2.体验和感受。
注意:
1.词数100 左右；
2.题目已为你写好。
Learning a new skill_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。

1. 根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的Born to a Jewish family in Florence...performed surgery.（她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术）以及James Barry部分中的She qualified as a surgeon in 1813.（她获得了做外科医生的资格）可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。
2. 根据全文以及Tan Yunxian部分中的Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.（Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活。）可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
3. 根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler部分中的Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.（四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。）可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。

4~7.【答案】B、A、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。

1. 根据文章第二段中的I tend to travel with a few of my friends...along the way.（我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照。）可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。
2. 根据文章最后一段中的Still, looking back on the photos...and managed my time wisely.（尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好。）可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
3. 根据文章最后一段中的However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.（然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落。）可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
4. 根据文章最后一段中的Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots（尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片）可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。

8~11.【答案】A、D、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。

1. 根据文章第一段中的What comes into your mind...But is British food really so uninteresting?（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A。
2. 根据文章第二段中的It's thanks to these TV chefs...in their cooking habits.（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D。
3. 根据文章第三段中的Almost one third say...buy better quality ingredients than before.（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D。
4. 根据文章第三段中的最后一句With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B。

12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。

1. 根据文章第一段内容（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。）可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。

2. 根据文章第二段首句Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects...but in many cases we simply can't.（理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。）可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文From the English side, we have...experience of gunshot.（在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。）可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
3. 根据划线单词上文The Caribbean Taino, the Australian...one half of a dialogue.（加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。）及结合划线句If we are to find the other half of that conversation...but the objects.（如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
4. 根据文章第一段中的If you want to tell...of the time, has not.（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。）及结合最后一段中的If we are to find the other half of that conversation...but the objects. （如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。

16~20.【答案】B、D、C、E、G
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。

1. 根据下文but studies have shown that...and helping their memory.（而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们健康。）可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B选项（它们不仅看起来很漂亮）能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
2. 根据上文Many of these species (物种)...especially in the winter.（这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天）可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D选项（相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好）能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
3. 根据下文I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.（我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪。）可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C选项（在室内种植植物有很多好处）能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
4. 根据上文There is also...paints or cooking.（也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质。）可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E选项（像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的）能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
5. 根据上文Younger plants are often cheaper...the joy of owning plants.（年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一。）可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。下文It can bring a new interest...between home and nature.（它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。）具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。由此可知，G选项（了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的）能够承接上文，同时引起下文，故选G。

21~40.【答案】D、B、A、C、B、B、D、D、A、C、A、B、A、C、C、D、A、D、B、A
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，去离家1200英里的地方，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下，Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。

1. 句意：为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军， Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A.tried尝试；B.thought思考；C.judged判断；D.knew知道；熟悉，了解。根据上文To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything和下文1,200 miles away from home可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方。故选D。

2. 句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A.take up从事；B.pack up整理；收拾行李；C.clean up清理；D.do up装修。根据上文Gabby Douglas had to leave everything和下文her bedroom in Virginia可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里。故选B。
3. 句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A.goodbye再见；B.hello你好；C.thanks感谢；D.no没有，否定的回答。根据上文Gabby Douglas had to leave everything可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见。故选A。
4. 句意同上。A.cause引起；B.observe观察；C.ride骑；漂浮；D.strike打击。根据下文waves on her board.可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”。故选C。
5. 句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A.common平民；普通；B.time时间；C.fun乐趣；D.tough暴徒。由下文to take the leap (飞跃)可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了。故选B。
6. 句意同上。A.breathtaking激动人心的；B.heartbreaking令人心碎的；令人伤心的；C.eye-catching引人注目的；D.head-spinning头晕的。上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心。故选B。
7. 句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A.dropped out退出；B.moved on继续。C.pulled over靠边停车；D.went off离开。根据下文about 1,200 miles away from home可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方。故选D。
8. 句意同上。A.reason推理；B.talk谈话；C.compete竞争；D.train培训。根据上文To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event和下文with a coach from China可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。故选D。
9. 句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A.met遇到；见过；B.helped帮助；C.understood理解；D.needed需要。根据下文everything was new to her.可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起。故选A。
10. 句意：事实证明， Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A.approximately大约；B.gradually逐渐地；C.exactly准确地；完全；D.possibly可能地。根据下文the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so（在获得奥运会全能冠军后，她成为第一位获得这一殊荣的黑人女性）可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，她完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。故选C。
11. 句意同上。A.defeated打败；B.pleased使高兴；C.respected尊敬；D.assisted帮助。上根据文what she needed to do to become Olympic champion和下文the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军。故选A。
12. 句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A.forced强迫；B.transformed转换；改造；彻底改变；C.persuaded劝说；D.put放。根据下文Douglas into one of the best gymnasts可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”。故选B。
13. 句意同上。A.world世界；B.city城市；C.team团队；D.state国家。根据下文the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一。故选A。
14. 句意同上。 A.amateury业余爱好的；B.elected当选的；C.average平均的；普通的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据下文member of the national team to the top of the sport可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。
15. 句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A.clarifying分类；B.defending打败；C.winning赢得；D.demanding要求。根据下文the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军。故选C。
16. 句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A.followed跟随；B.organized组织；C.watched观看；D.led带领；领先。根据下文the competition from beginning to end可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手。故选D。
17. 句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A.confident自信的；坚信的；B.nervous紧张的；C.excited兴奋的；D.uneasy不安的。根据下文all along that she would win.可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢。故选A。
18. 句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A.viewed看待；B.appeared出现；C.mattered重要；D.took需要。根据下文to be an Olympian可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”。故选D。
19. 句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。A.now and then时不时地；B.more and more越来越多；C.far and wide广泛地；D.on and on不断地。根据上文As time went by和下文that she could make the London Games-and win.可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会。故选B。
20. 句意：“我准备好发光了”。A.shine照耀；发光；B.fly飞行；C.dance跳舞；D.score得分。根据上文I'm going to inspire so many people和And shine she did.可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人。故选A。

41.【答案】【小题1】
to
【小题2】
built
【小题3】
which/that
【小题4】
wonders
【小题5】
but
【小题6】
Having visited
【小题7】
was amazed
【小题8】
recording
【小题9】
remarkable
【小题10】
means
【解析】1. 句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的From Buddhist temples to museums可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。

2. 句意同上。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用动词的-ed形式。故填built。
3. 句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为a place，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4. 句意同上。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的historical buildings of the past可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
5. 句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。根据空前It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work和空后somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.可知，两句之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
6. 句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语I之间为主动关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用动词-ed形式的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
7. 句意同上。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
8. 句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动词的-ing形式。故填recording。
9. 句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词development of this city。故填remarkable。
10. 句意同上。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为development，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。

42.【答案】 Last Friday my mom decided to color ①his hair. She studied ②with all the hair products at the drugstore. The color she ③choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ④that hair color looked just perfect. Mom was sure ⑤same color would look great on her. She put the new color on her hair ⑥or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions ⑦saying. However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she ⑧final got purple hair. She went right into the shower to ⑨washing it, but it was no use. At least one thing proved ⑩truth: the color wouldnˈt wash out.
1. 将his改为her
2. 将with删除
3. 将choose改为chose
4. 将that改为whose
5. 在same前加the
6. 将or改为and
7. 将saying改为said
8. 将final改为finally
9. 将washing改为wash
10. 将truth改为true
【解析】1.句意：上周五，我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”，应用代词her。故将his 改为her。
2.句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面应该直接接宾语，介词with多余。故将with删除。
3.句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故将choose改为chose。
4.句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故将that改为whose。
5.句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same前常加定冠词。故在same前加the。
6.句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。此处是并列顺承关系，不存在选择关系。故将or改为and。
7.句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。as引导方式状语从句，由语境可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故将saying改为said。
8.句意：然而，她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发，而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got，应用副词，作状语。故将final改为finally。
9.句意：她直接走进淋浴间去洗，但是没有用。此处不定式表目的，应用动词原形。故将washing改为wash。
10.句意：至少有一件事被证明是正确的：这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词，表示“证明是”，后接形容词。故将truth改为true。

43.【答案】 Learning a New Skill
During the summer break, I decided to learn how to play the guitar. At first, it was challenging to coordinate my fingers and get the chords right. However, with consistent practice and patience, I gradually improved.
Playing the guitar not only helped me develop my musical skills but also gave me a sense of accomplishment. It taught me the importance of perseverance and hard work in achieving my goals. ①Moreover, playing music is a great way to relieve stress and express myself creatively.
In conclusion, learning a new skill can be both challenging and rewarding. It requires dedication and effort, but the end result is worth it. ②I encourage everyone to try something new during their free time and see where it takes them.
【解析】【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达是一篇记叙文写作。话题请以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述学习一项新技能的经历，及从中获得的体验和感受。写作时应注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可适当添加一定的衔接词，以使行文连贯。
【结构布局】
引言：引出新技能
中心：学习过程
结尾：表达观点
【高分词汇】
①a sense of accomplishment成就感
②in conclusion总之
【高分句型】
①Moreover, playing music is a great way to relieve stress and express myself creatively.（动词的-ing形式作主语）
②I encourage everyone to try something new during their free time and see where it takes them. （where引导的宾语从句）
【拓展词汇】
①discourage使沮丧
②content满意的
③spare空闲的
【拓展句型】
①Even though it is difficult for me to learn, I still don't give up.（即使这对我来说和难学，我仍然不放弃。）
②It's just because music is my favorite healing tool.（这只是因为音乐是我最喜欢的疗愈工具。）