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2022-2023学年湖南省怀化市长沙市长郡中学等校高三（下）开学英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖南省怀化市长沙市长郡中学等校高三（下）开学英语试卷（含解析），共21页。
2022-2023学年湖南省怀化市长沙市长郡中学等校高三（下）开学英语试卷
A
ABOUT MUSUME
Who We Are
Musume offers contemporary Asian cuisine and fantastic sushi （寿司） in the heart of downtown Dallas within the Hall Arts district.Musume，which translates to "Daughter" in Japanese is from Rock Libations restaurant group.Musume serves lunch Monday through Friday and dinner every night of the week.Musume features the country's largest premium saki （清酒） program with over 120 selections and also possesses the largest Japanese Whisky collection in the Dallas/Fort Worth area，which pair wonderfully with our large party menus.Operations are overseen by Josh Babb and Sean Clavir.
Private Events at Musume
Our elegant private dining room located in Dallas highly acclaimed Hall Arts District comfortably seats 15 to 50 people.From cocktail gatherings with passed starters to seated formal dinners，Musume specializes in hosting unique private events.We offer a wide variety of special event menus that are served family style with something for everyone.
Location
Hall Arts District 2330 Flora St.Suite 100
Dallas，TX 75201 （214）871-8883
Hours
Monday-Thursday：11：00 am-2：00 pm，5：00 pm-10：00 pm.
Friday：11：00 am-2：00 pm，5：00 pm-11：00 pm.
Saturday：5：00 pm-11：00 pm.
Sunday：5：00 pm-10：00 pm.
Welcome to book now!
1. Which can be found in the writing above？
A. Musume's location.
B. Discount information.
C. The popularity of Musume.
D. The information about minimum charge.
2. If a person wants to dine in Musume，he .
A. has no choice but Japanese cuisine
B. has no chance to taste alcohol there
C. can go to Musume at noon on Sunday
D. can call Musume to make a reservation
3. Which is an UNLIKELY place for you to spot the writing above？
A. A textbook. B. A web page.
C. A leisure magazine. D. A business column.
B
How do I know if I have a cold，the flu or COVID-19？
Experts say testing is the best way to determine what you have since symptoms of the illnesses can overlap，which means the symptoms are similar to each other.The viruses that cause colds，the flu and COVID-19 are spread the same way-through droplets from the nose and mouth of infected people.
The time varies when someone with any of the illnesses will start feeling sick.Some people infected with the coronavirus （冠状病毒） don't experience any symptoms，but it's still possible for them to spread it.
Cough，fever，tiredness and muscle aches are common to both the flu and COVID-19，says Kristen Coleman，as assistant research professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Health.Common colds，meanwhile，are often milder with symptoms including a stuffy nose.Fevers are more common with the flu.
Despite some false descriptions online，the viruses have not merged （合并） to create a new illness.But it's possible to get the flu and COVID-19 at the same time，which some are calling "flurona". "A co-infection of any kind can be severe or worsen your symptoms altogether，" says Coleman. "If flu cases continue to rise，we can expect to see more of these types of viral co-infections in the coming weeks or months."
With many similar symptoms caused by the three virus types，testing remains the best choice to determine which one you may have.Some pharmacies （药房） offer testing for both viruses at the same time，Coleman notes. "This can help doctors offer the right treatment.But most do not have the ability to routinely do this，especially during a COVID-19 surge（激增），" Coleman says.
Getting vaccinated （打疫苗） helps to reduce the spread of the viruses.The U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it is safe to get a flu and COVID-19 shot or booster at the same time.
4. What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph？
A. People with COVID-19 can spread it to others only when they are having obvious symptoms.
B. People with COVID-19 start to feel sick much earlier than people with other illnesses.
C. People start to feel sick around the same time with colds，the flu，or COVID-19.
D. People start to feel sick at different times for each illness.
5. What is NOT mentioned as symptoms of a cold，the flu or COVID-19？
A. Cough. B. Tiredness.
C. Throat aches. D. A high temperature.
6. What can we know from the fifth paragraph？
A. Necessary testing contributes to proper treatment.
B. COVID-19 is out of control due to lack of testing.
C. Doctors can't treat patients without testing results.
D. Pharmacies can offer testing only with doctors' permission.
7. What is recommended in the passage to avoid COVID-19？
A. Getting tested. B. Getting treated.
C. Getting assisted. D. Getting vaccinated.
C
French fries and chips are commonly eaten around the world.However，a growing global potato shortage is limiting french fry orders in various countries.
The coronavirus pandemic and extreme weather have caused supply chain break，which has led to a number of popular items，including cream cheese，going short.Potatoes are the latest items to join the list.
In Japan，McDonald's locations stopped offering large and medium-size french fry orders in late December.Pandemic-related supply chain issues and floods in the Port of Vancouver in British Columbia delayed potato shipments.
Days later，South Africa's leading makers of potato chips warned that potatoes were in disturbingly short supply.A bad frost and too much rainfall led to low local yields.Global sourcing shortages were already a problem.
In Kenya this January，Kentucky Fried Chicken （KFC） locations took french fries off of their menus.Shipping delays caused by the pandemic held up containers full of potatoes for more than a month.KFC allowed customers to swap in other menu items in place of fries in combo meals （套餐）.
Jacques Theunissen，KFC's chief executive for East Africa，told a Kenyan newspaper that it could not easily switch to Kenyan local potatoes because of global quality standards. "All suppliers need to go through the global quality assurance approval process， " he said.
vThe United States are among the world's top potato producers.However，in 2021，U.S.farmers had to destroy millions of potatoes.Lockdowns and stay-at- home orders led to a sharp decline in demand，including from restaurants.Being the USA's largest overseas market for potatoes sent by ship from North America，McDonald's in Japan said it was considering flying in potatoes to meet demand until the backup in Vancouver was resolved.However，heavy snow in early January further delayed shipments.After，the company announced that it would be sticking with its small-order maximum for at least another month.
8. Which is the BEST definition of the underlined word "yield"？
A. quantities produced. B. harvests delayed.
C. crops destroyed. D. farms created.
9. How did shipping delays affect KFC in Kenya？
A. They caused KFC to limit the number of potatoes people could buy.
B. They caused KFC to give customers other items instead of potatoes.
C. They caused KFC to establish a new quality assurance process.
D. They caused KFC to start buying potatoes from local farms.
10. According to the article，why did U.S.farmers destroy their potatoes？
A. Much of their potato crop was affected by a plant disease.
B. Stay-at-home orders led to a decrease in demand for potatoes.
C. Flooding at the Port of Vancouver prevented the shipment of U.S.goods.
D. McDonald's restaurants in Japan allowed people to order only small fries.
11. What is the main idea of the article？
A. Supply chain has broken due to bad weather.
B. Supply chain break has caused Kenya's KFC to use local potatoes.
C. Shipping delays has made the USA's farmers destroy their potatoes.
D. A growing global potato shortage is affecting french fries from Japan to Kenya.
D
As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created miniature 3 D printed villages to address homelessness，they learned lessons far beyond technology.
"It Takes a Village" began as a project for a science class，inspired by life-size 3 D-printed homes built by Austin，Texas-based technology company Icon.
No strangers to classroom 3 D projects，the students were fascinated by Icon's use of a similar process to create homes made of inexpensive concrete-like material.Unlike standard construction methods，the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days.
While creating their mini 3 D buildings，the students explored how such technology allows design freedom and quick changes.Mathematical conversions helped get the relations right.For example，a real 25-foot-by-20-foot one-bedroom house would be printed as 40-millimeter-by-32-millimeter （about 1 1/2 inch by 1 1/4 inch） for their mini village.Salwa Seman，11，said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater （圆形剧场）.
The tech-focused project quickly evolved into "an exercise in empathy （共情），innovation and cooperation designed to bring about lasting change". "When most people think of helping the homeless，they think of food and clothing drives，" said Juliet Galicia，11. "While necessary，those are temporary fixes.Even housing by itself is not a complete solution."
In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods，priorities were shelter，food stores，schools，and health centers.But to build a sense of belonging and purpose，the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. "We wanted to make it feel more like a real community，" said Luke Wazorko，11.A community garden，a place to raise chickens，an amphitheater for shared events，bus stops for access to jobs，and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents.
Amber Fogarty，president of a nonprofit organization tackling homelessness in Austin，said， "Housing alone will never solve homelessness，but community will.People need a place where they are known，cared for and loved."
12. Which can be used to describe homes created by Icon？
A. Hard-sided. B. Long-lasting. C. Rough-edged. D. Strong-minded.
13. What conclusion can we draw from Galicia' words？
A. Juliet Galicia has participated in food and clothing drives in the past.
B. Temporary solutions have proved to be of little help to unhoused people.
C. Providing unhoused people with a place to live will solve all of their problems.
D. A comprehensive approach is required to fully address the issue of homelessness.
14. The author may agree to the ideas EXCEPT that .
A. a team of people can use 3 D printing to build homes
B. builders can adapt a 3 D-printed design to fit a person's preferences
C. the students faced challenges in building their miniature communities
D. places for personal interactions are an important aspect of a community
15. What is the purpose of the sixth paragraph？
A. To emphasize community gardens as the most important part of neighborhoods.
B. To illustrate technology has nothing to do with helping unhoused people.
C. To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing.
D. To promote the project as a profitable design to Austin.
You might have heard that no two snowflakes （雪花） are alike.（1） What all snowflakes have in common，though，is their source.They form from the moisture in clouds that hover （悬浮） at least 1 kilometer above the ground. （2）
In winter，the air up there in the clouds is very cold，and （3） To form snowflakes，those clouds need temperatures below freezing.However，if the air gets too cold，a cloud won't hold enough water for any snowflakes to fall.This requires a balance.Snow can form in cooler environments，but the colder it gets，the less moisture there is to make a snowflake.
In fact，moisture must supersaturate a cloud's air for a flake to form，which means there is more water in the air than would normally be possible.When there is too much water in the air， （4） Some of that water can flash freeze into crystals.These crystals then lazily fall to the ground.We call them snowflakes.
（5） Scientists call it a nucleus，which serves as the center around which an ice crystal forms.Without something to attach to，water droplets （水滴） can't freeze.Even when the air temperature is well below freezing，water droplets will remain liquid.They freeze only when they have a solid object onto which they can stick.However，in the right conditions，drops of water will attach to a nucleus.They do it one by one.building an ice crystal.
A.it gets cooler the higher you go.
B.But how exactly does this work？
C.a cloud will try to rid itself of the extra water.
D.Clouds need one more thing to turn moisture into a flake.
E.Take a close look at snowflakes and you might be surprised.
F.Snowflakes do in fact come in a wide range of shapes and sizes.
G.they encounter slightly different atmospheric conditions along the way.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Last year marked 20 years since the deadliest accident in the history of Italian aviation （航空）.In October 2001，the Linate Airport disaster （1） more than 100 people lose their lives （2） a ground crash at Milan's most centrally-located commercial airport.The （3） involved a Scandinavian Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-87 and a private Cessna Citation CJ2.
The date of the accident was October 8th，2001.On this day，MD-87 was set to （4） a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark.This （5） had 104 passengers and six crew onboard.
Also set to （6） Milan Linate that morning was the Cessna CJ2.Headed for Paris，there were just four people onboard.
On the morning of October 8th，2001，foggy conditions prevailed （占优势）at Milan Linate Airport.Such weather can （7） visibility to minimal levels，potentially causing （8） operational trouble at airports.There is a very real （9） to it，as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility. （10） ，Vincenzo Fusco，the airport's director，stated that conditions were still （11） for flying.The Cessna's pilots， （12） in the fog，took a wrong turn on the runway，which could have been （13） if there had been a ground radar（雷达）system at the airport.
At 08：09，air traffic control advised MD-87's pilots that they were clear to take-off.Less than a minute after this clearance，the departing MD-87 （14） with the Cessna as it crossed the runway.The crash and the resulting fire destroyed both of the aircraft，leaving all the passengers and pilots （15） in the tragedy dead.
21. A. offered B. saw C. affected D. predicted
22. A. due to B. despite C. apart from D. with regard to
23. A. occasion B. situation C. tragedy D. adventure
24. A. unfold B. command C. operate D. distribute
25. A. company B. profession C. trade D. service
26. A. depart B. transform C. orbit D. enter
27. A. increase B. reduce C. enhance D. recover
28. A. current B. magical C. odd D. severe
29. A. danger B. loss C. prejudice D. response
30. A. Therefore B. Thankfully C. Literally D. However
31. A. necessary B. suitable C. convenient D. ready
32. A. engaged B. connected C. lost D. experienced
33. A. noticed B. emphasized C. ignored D. generated
34. A. replaced B. crashed C. contrasted D. quarreled
35. A. dressed B. absorbed C. buried D. involved
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
World Tourism Day focuses on promoting tourism in various parts of the world. （1） （start） by the United Nations World Trade Organization （UNWTO），the day （2） （honor） every year on September 27 and has been celebrated （3） 1980.
The official World Tourism Day （4） （celebrate） this year was held in Bali，Indonesia，and designed around the theme of "Rethinking Tourism，" with the goal of （5） （inspire） debate about rethinking tourism for development，including through education and jobs，as well as tourism's impact on the planet and opportunities to grow more （6） （sustainable）.
Last Monday，tourism ministers of Brazil，Russia，India，China and South Africa met via video conference （7） （discuss） the green and sustainable development of tourism and the countries' recovery measures during （8） COVID-19 pandemic.
The UNWTO urges everyone on World Tourism Day，including tourism workers， （9） （travel），corporations and governments，to consider （10） might be done to boost tourism.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假设你是李华，你的笔友Jane将来中国做一年的交换生，她写信向你寻求尽快适应中国中学校园的建议。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件，提出至少两点建议。
注意：
（1）词数：80词左右；
（2）可适当增加细节。
38. The homemade book bag was sprawled（随意放在）across my bed.It appeared to have taken over the entire room.I closed my eyes for a second，trying to imagine the large shoulder bag gone.I opened my eyes again.It was still there.I knew that my mom had spent all day happily sewing.Worse still，I realized that the fabric（布料）was actually left over from a toy horse that my mom made for me when I was a baby.My mother had even quilted（缝制）little running horses along each side and wrote my name on one side to make certain that no one would be confused as to who owned this furry monster.
"Do you like it？If you don't like it，you don't have to use it，"Mom said.
"Oh no，Mom，I love it，"I lied，picking the bag up and rubbing（摩挲）the soft fabric against my face.The last thing I wanted to do was to hurt her feelings.
The next day I was to start seventh grade at a new school.I was nervous and excited.That first day at school I heard the whispers."Have you seen the new girl？Did you see that big furry bag？"Then there were giggles.
Because I started school in the middle of the year，all of the lockers had been assigned to other kids.There was no storage available for me，so I was forced to haul all my stuff around in the oversized fuzzy bag.Wild stories flew back and forth about what I kept in the bag that never left my side.Drugs？some kids wondered.Clothes？Is she homeless？
There was nothing interesting in that bag，just my coat during cold weather，school books，papers and pens.Eventually，most students pretty much ignored me，but some of the kids teased me about the fuzzy horse bag.People grabbed at it，pretended to pat it like a dog and tried to toss their trash into it.My teachers didn't seem to notice，probably because I didn't ever complain or ask for help.
As the year progressed，I started to hate that bag.I blamed all my problems on it.I felt helpless and alone，miserable，and homesick for California and my old friends.
One day toward the end of the school year，my math teacher assigned each student a partner to work with on word problems.I was told to work with Debbie，a popular redheaded girl who was in several of my classes.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
（2）续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。
She smiled and waved me over toward her desk，so I grabbed my bag and quietly moved toward her.__________________
Then Debbie started to laugh—not at me，but at the situation.__________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文Location部分中的Hall Arts District 2330 Flora St.Suite 100（大厅艺术区2330 Flora St.Suite 100），可知文章提供了此家餐馆的位置信息。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。由本文提供的电话号码Dallas，TX 75201 （214）871-8883和文末Welcome to book now!（ 欢迎立即预订！） 可知可以打电话给Musume预订。故选D。
（3）文章出处题。本文提供了一家餐馆的相关信息，很有可能在一个网页、一份休闲杂志或者商业专栏上找到，最不可能在教科书上找到。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文。Musume是来自RockLibations餐饮集团的一家餐馆。本文主要介绍了Musume这家餐馆位置、特色、营业时间等相关信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】D、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中The time varies when someone with any of the illnesses will start feeling sick.Some people infected with the coronavirus （冠状病毒） don't experience any symptoms，but it's still possible for them to spread it.（患有任何一种疾病的人开始感到不适的时间各不相同。一些感染冠状病毒的人没有任何症状，但他们仍有可能传播病毒。）可知，对于各种疾病，人们在不同时间开始感到不舒服。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Cough，fever，tiredness and muscle aches are common to both the flu and COVID-19，says Kristen Coleman，as assistant research professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Health.Common colds，meanwhile，are often milder with symptoms including a stuffy nose.Fevers are more common with the flu. （马里兰大学公共卫生学院助理研究教授Kristen Coleman说，咳嗽、发烧、疲劳和肌肉酸痛对流感和新冠肺炎都很常见。与此同时，普通感冒的症状通常较轻，包括鼻塞。发烧在流感中更常见。）可知，喉咙痛不是感冒、流感或新冠肺炎的症状。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段中With many similar symptoms caused by the three virus types，testing remains the best choice to determine which one you may have. （由于这三种病毒类型导致了许多类似的症状，检测仍然是确定您可能患有哪种病毒的最佳选择。）以及This can help doctors offer the right treatment. （这可以帮助医生提供正确的治疗。）可知，必要的测试有助于正确治疗。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Getting vaccinated （打疫苗） helps to reduce the spread of the viruses. （接种疫苗有助于减少病毒的传播。）可知，文章建议避免新冠肺炎的措施是接种疫苗。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个人如何判断是否感染了感冒、流感或者新冠，以及避免感染新冠的方法——打疫苗。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】A、B、B、D
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第四自然段的内容Days later，South Africa's leading makers of potato chips warned that potatoes were in disturbingly short supply.A bad frost and too much rainfall led to low local yields. Global sourcing shortages were already a problem. （几天后，南非主要的薯片制造商警告说，土豆供应严重短缺。严重的霜冻和过多的降雨导致当地yields低。全球资源短缺已经成为一个问题。）可知土豆供应不足，是因为天气问题导致土豆产量下降，故yields意为"生产量"，A.quantities produced.生产数量；B.harvests delayed.收成延迟；C.crops destroyed.农作物被毁；D.farms created.农场创建。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第五自然段In Kenya this January，Kentucky Fried Chicken （KFC） locations took french fries off of their menus.Shipping delays caused by the pandemic held up containers full of potatoes for more than a month.KFC allowed customers to swap in other menu items in place of fries in combo meals（套餐）. （今年1月，肯德基在肯尼亚的门店将薯条从菜单上删除。疫情造成的航运延误使装满土豆的集装箱停留了一个多月。肯德基允许顾客在套餐中更换菜单上的其他食物来代替薯条。）可知发货延误对肯尼亚的肯德基造成的影响是肯德基给顾客提供其他食物而不是土豆。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第七自然段The United States are among the world's top potato producers.However，in 2021，U.S.farmers had to destroy millions of potatoes.Lockdowns and stay-at- home orders led to a sharp decline in demand，including from restaurants.（美国是世界上最大的土豆生产国之一。然而，在2021年，美国农民不得不销毁数百万个土豆。封锁和居家令导致需求大幅下降，包括来自餐馆的需求。）可知美国农民销毁他们的土豆是因为居家令导致土豆需求下降。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是本文第一自然段中的关键句However，a growing global potato shortage is limiting french fry orders in various countries.（然而，日益严重的全球土豆短缺限制了许多国家的薯条订单。）被波及的国家有日本和肯尼亚等国可知，所以本文主要讲述了全球日益严重的土豆短缺正影响着从日本到肯尼亚的炸薯条。故选D。
本文为一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了新冠疫情之下，日益严重的全球土豆短缺限制了多国的薯条订单这一问题以及应对方法。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】B、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第三段Unlike standard construction methods，the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days.（与标准建造方法不同，建造这些耐用房屋的过程只需几天。）可知，这种材料制造出来的房子是很耐用的。A.Hard-sided.硬面的；B.Long-lasting.持久的；C.Rough-edged.边缘粗糙的；D.Strong-minded.意志坚强的。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。由文章第五段"When most people think of helping the homeless，they think of food and clothing drives，" said Juliet Galicia，11. "While necessary，those are temporary fixes.Even housing by itself is not a complete solution."（11岁的朱丽叶•加利西亚说："当大多数人想到帮助无家可归的人时，他们会想到食物和衣服的捐赠。""虽然有必要，但这些都是临时措施。甚至住房本身也不是一个完整的解决方案。"）可推知，Juliet Galicia认为，我们不仅要解决吃住问题，还要针对无家可归的人们想出一个更全面的解决方案。故选D项。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文可知，选项A在第一段As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created miniature 3 D printed villages to address homelessness （亚历山大乡村走读学校的六年级学生创造了微型3 D打印村庄，用来解决无家可归问题）中被提到，亚历山大乡村走读学校的一群学生利用3 D打印技术建造房屋；选项C在第四段Salwa Seman，11，said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater（11岁的萨尔瓦•塞曼说，在开始建造之前，要把尺寸和设置正确，是一项挑战，因为她建造了一个弧形墙壁的圆形剧场）被提到，说明在建造过程中他们遇到一些挑战；选项D在第六段But to build a sense of belonging and purpose，the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. （但为了建立归属感和使命感，微型社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域）被提到，个人互动的场所是社区的一个重要方面。综上B项builders can adapt a 3 D-printed design to fit a person's preferences（建筑商可以根据个人喜好调整3 D打印设计）未被提及，所以作者可能不会赞同这一。故选B项。
（4）目的意图题。由第六段In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods，priorities were shelter，food stores，schools，and health centers.But to build a sense of belonging and purpose，the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. （在设计无家可归者的社区时，优先考虑的是庇护所、食品店、学校和保健中心。但为了建立归属感和使命感，微型社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域）和A community garden，a place to raise chickens，an amphitheater for shared events，bus stops for access to jobs，and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents.（一个社区花园，一个养鸡的地方，一个共享活动的露天剧场，一个通往工作的公交车站，以及Wi-Fi和手机的基础设施，以帮助寻找工作，这些都是为以前无家可归的居民提供的重要功能）可推知，第六段向读者展示了学生们关注的不仅仅是住所，他们还关注其它很多方面。因此C.To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing.（展示学生们关注的不仅仅是住房的具体方式。）符合题意。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一群孩子为无家可归者设计住宅小区。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】F、B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）联系上文题。上文You might have heard that no two snowflakes （雪花） are alike.（你可能听说过，没有两片雪花是一样的。）"到了雪花的不同，选项F中 a wide range是关键词，语上文呼应，所以F．Snowflakes do in fact come in a wide range of shapes and sizes.（事实上，雪花的形状和大小确实多种多样。）符合语境。故选F项。
（2）联系上文题。文They form from the moisture in clouds that hover （悬浮） at least 1 kilometer above the ground.（它们是由悬浮在离地面至少1公里高空的云层中的水分形成的。）可知，提到了雪花的来源，选项B中this是关键词，指代上文内容，所以B．But how exactly does this work？（但这究竟是如何起作用的呢？）符合语境。故选B项。
（3）联系下文题。下文To form snowflakes，those clouds need temperatures below freezing.（要形成雪花，这些云需要低于冰点的温度。）提到了雪花形成需要的温度问题，所以选项A中cooler是关键词，与下文temperatures呼应，所以A．it gets cooler the higher you go.（爬得越高，温度就越低。）符合语境。故选A项。
（4）联系上文题。上文In fact，moisture must supersaturate a cloud's air for a flake to form，which means there is more water in the air than would normally be possible.（事实上，云的空气中必须有水分过饱和才能形成薄片，这意味着空气中有比正常情况下可能存在的更多的水。）提到了空气中可能存在水分过量，选项C中extra water是关键词，与上文呼应，所以C．a cloud will try to rid itself of the extra water.（云会试图摆脱多余的水。）符合语境。故选C项。
（5）段落主题题。下文Scientists call it a nucleus，which serves as the center around which an ice crystal forms.（科学家称它为核，它是冰晶形成的中心。）提到了冰晶的中心，选项D中one more thing是关键词，是下文it的指代内容，所以D．Clouds need one more thing to turn moisture into a flake.（云还需要一个东西才能把水分变成薄片。）符合语境。故选D项。
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了雪花的形成和其特点。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、C、D、A、B、D、A、D、B、C、A、B、D
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.offered提供；B.saw看见，见证；C.affected影响；D.predicted预测。句意：2001年10月，米兰最中心的商业机场利纳特机场发生地面坠毁事故，造成100多人丧生。根据句意和前文"the Linate Airport disaster"可知，此处应用动词see表示"见证（事件）"。故选B项。
（2）考查（复合）介词及语境理解。A.due to由于；B.despite尽管；C.apart from除了；D.with regard to关于。句意：2001年10月，米兰最中心的商业机场利纳特机场发生地面坠毁事故，造成100多人丧生。后文"a ground crash"是前文"more than 100 people lose their lives"的原因。故选A项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.occasion场合；B.situation形势；C.tragedy悲剧；D.adventure冒险。句意：这场悲剧涉及一架斯堪的纳维亚航空公司的麦道MD-87飞机和一架私人塞斯纳Citation CJ2飞机。根据前文"more than 100 people lose their lives"可知，这是一场悲剧。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.unfold展开；B.command命令；C.operate操作，经营，使运行；D.distribute分配。句意：当天，MD-87将从米兰利纳特直飞丹麦哥本哈根。根据后文"a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark"可知，飞机飞行的是米兰利纳特到哥本哈根的航线。故选C项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.company公司；B.profession职业；C.trade贸易；D.service服务，（对顾客的）接待句意：该航班载有104名乘客和6名机组人员。。根据前文"a direct flight"可知，此处指这趟航班服务。故选D项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.depart离开，出发；B.transform改变；C.orbit围绕……运动；D.enter进入。句意：同样在那天早上从米兰利纳特出发的还有塞斯纳CJ2。根据语境和后文"Headed for Paris，there were just four people onboard"可知，还有飞机CJ2要出发。故选A项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.increase增加；B.reduce减少，降低；C.enhance增强；D.recover恢复。句意：这样的天气会将能见度降低到最低水平，可能会给机场带来严重的运营问题。根据前文"foggy conditions"可知，这种天气降低能见度。故选B项。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.current当前的；B.magical神奇的；C.odd古怪的；D.severe严峻的，十分严重的。句意：这样的天气会将能见度降低到最低水平，可能会给机场带来严重的运营问题。根据前文"Such weather can（7）_______ visibility to minimal levels"可知，因为能见度低，所以会给机场带来严重的问题。故选D项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.danger危险；B.loss损失；C.prejudice偏见；D.response反应句意：这是一个非常现实的危险，因为在低能见度下，误判可能是致命的。。根据后文"as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility"可知，这是非常危险的。故选A项。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore因此；B.Thankfully谢天谢地；C.Literally字面上；D.However然而。句意：然而，机场负责人Vincenzo Fusco表示，目前的条件仍然适合飞行。根据后文"stated that conditions were still（11）_______ for flying"的含义分析可知，此处与前文存在转折关系。故选D项。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.necessary必要的；B.suitable合适的；C.convenient方便的；D.ready准备好的。句意：然而，机场负责人Vincenzo Fusco表示，目前的条件仍然适合飞行。根据后文"The Cessna's pilots，（12）_______in the fog，took a wrong turn on the runway"可知，负责人认为条件适合飞行，才造成后来的事故。故选B项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.engaged忙于，从事；B.connected连接，联系；C.lost丢失；D.experienced经历。句意：这架塞斯纳飞机的飞行员在大雾中迷失了方向，在跑道上拐错了弯，如果机场有地面雷达系统，就会发现这一点。根据后文"took a wrong turn on the runway"可知，飞行员迷失了方向。故选C项。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.noticed注意到；B.emphasized强调；C.ignored忽视；D.generated产生。句意：这架塞斯纳飞机的飞行员在大雾中迷失了方向，在跑道上拐错了弯，如果机场有地面雷达系统，就会发现这一点。根据后文"if there had been a ground radar（雷达）system at the airport"可知，如果有雷达系统，就会注意到这一点。故选A项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.replaced代替；B.crashed碰撞；C.contrasted对照；D.quarreled争吵。句意：在放行后不到一分钟，这架正在起飞的MD-87飞机在穿过跑道时与塞斯纳飞机相撞。根据语境和前文"（2）_______a ground crash"可知，发生了碰撞。故选B项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.dressed穿衣；B.absorbed吸收；C.buried埋葬；D.involved卷入，参与。句意：坠机和随之而来的大火摧毁了两架飞机，所有卷入这场悲剧的乘客和飞行员都遇难了。根据后文"in the tragedy"可知，指卷入这场悲剧的人员。故选D项。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了意大利航空史上最致命的飞机地面碰撞事故。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】Started
【小题2】is honored
【小题3】since
【小题4】celebration
【小题5】inspiring
【小题6】sustainably
【小题7】to discuss
【小题8】the
【小题9】travelers
【小题10】what
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：这一天由联合国世界贸易组织发起，每年9月27日庆祝，自1980年以来一直在庆祝。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和句子主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Started。
（2）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一天由联合国世界贸易组织发起，每年9月27日庆祝，自1980年以来一直在庆祝。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语和该动词之间为被动关系。根据every year可知，句子为一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。综上所述，句子为一般现在时态的被动语态，单数形式。故填is honored。
（3）考查介词。句意：这一天由联合国世界贸易组织发起，每年9月27日庆祝，自1980年以来一直在庆祝。自从1980年以来一直庆祝这一天。所以用介词since"自从"。故填since。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：今年的世界旅游日庆祝活动在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行，其主题是"重新思考旅游业"，目的是激发关于重新思考旅游促进发展的辩论，包括通过教育和就业，以及旅游业对地球的影响和更可持续发展的机会。空处为句子的主语部分，所以需要名词celebration，表示"庆祝活动"不可数名词。故填celebration。
（5）考查动名词。句意：今年的世界旅游日庆祝活动在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行，其主题是"重新思考旅游业"，目的是激发关于重新思考旅游促进发展的辩论，包括通过教育和就业，以及旅游业对地球的影响和更可持续发展的机会。介词of后面需要动名词作宾语。故填inspiring。
（6）考查副词。句意：今年的世界旅游日庆祝活动在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行，其主题是"重新思考旅游业"，目的是激发关于重新思考旅游促进发展的辩论，包括通过教育和就业，以及旅游业对地球的影响和更可持续发展的机会。空处需要副词修饰动词。故填sustainably。
（7）考查动词不定式。句意：上周一，巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的旅游部长通过视频会议讨论了新冠肺炎疫情期间旅游业的绿色可持续发展以及各国的复苏措施。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to discuss。
（8）考查冠词。句意：上周一，巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的旅游部长通过视频会议讨论了新冠肺炎疫情期间旅游业的绿色可持续发展以及各国的复苏措施。空处特指"新冠大流行"，所以用定冠词the限定。故填the。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：联合国世界旅游组织敦促世界旅游日的所有人，包括旅游工作者、旅行者、企业和政府，考虑采取什么措施来促进旅游业。根据空前的tourism workers和空后的corporations and governments可知，空处需要名词作介词including的宾语。结合句意可知，包括的是旅游工作者、旅行者、企业和政府。travller"旅行者"。空处需要名词的复数形式。故填travellers。
（10）考查宾语从句。句意：联合国世界旅游组织敦促世界旅游日的所有人，包括旅游工作者、旅行者、企业和政府，考虑采取什么措施来促进旅游业。空处引导consider后的宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，表示需要的"事情"，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了今年（2022年）的"世界旅游日"的有关情况。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Jane，
I'm delighted to know that you are coming to China and spending one year as an exchanging student.As for how to adapt yourself to Chinese campus life，I have some suggestions.（写信目的）
Firstly，you are expected to work hard at Chinese，which can give you more opportunities to communicate with others.【高分句型一】Secondly，why not make some friends？They can help you to know more about China，and friendship can help you to forget your loneliness.Thirdly，it would be a good idea if you take an active part in all kinds of activities，which will help to make life more interesting.【高分句型二】I believe by doing this，you will be adapted to your new life soon.（建议）
How I wish these suggestions could be very useful to you.（希望）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Firstly，you are expected to work hard at Chinese，which can give you more opportunities to communicate with others.
译文：首先，你应该努力学习中文，这可以给你更多的机会与他人交流。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Thirdly，it would be a good idea if you take an active part in all kinds of activities，which will help to make life more interesting.
译文：第三，如果你积极参加各种活动，这将是一个好主意，这将有助于让生活变得更有趣。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】She smiled and waved me over toward her desk，so I grabbed my notorious bag and quietly moved toward her."So，what's in the bag？"Debbie asked gently with a grin.The students working at the table next to us turned to hear my answer."Um，just books and stuff，"I stammered，caught totally off guard.So shocked was I that I simply handed it over without a word when she asked whether she could see my bag，muttering I hauled my big bag because of lacking lockers.【高分句型一】（作者向黛比解释她到处拿着大包的原因）
Then Debbie started to laugh—not at me，but at the situation.Knowing that I had just been carrying my stuff around all this time because the school didn't have enough lockers，Debbie offered to share with me and explained to our classmates.【高分句型二】Everyone around laughed understandingly.Then she asked me something I never thought I'd hear."Do you think your mom would make me one bag like yours？I like your bag very much".When I nodded，bewildered，she started laughing again.From then on，we have been good friends.（黛比要和作者分享同一个柜子，两人成为了好朋友）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对新学校的不适应以及最后交到了好朋友。
高分句型一：So shocked was I that I simply handed it over without a word when she asked whether she could see my bag，muttering I hauled my big bag because of lacking lockers.
翻译：我非常震惊，当她问我是否能看到我的包时，我一声不吭地把它递给了她，嘴里嘟囔着：因为没有储物柜，我拖着我的大包。
分析：本句使用了so...that句式的倒装、whether引导的宾语从句以及现在分词短语muttering I hauled my big bag because of lacking lockers作状语。
高分句型二：Knowing that I had just been carrying my stuff around all this time because the school didn't have enough lockers，Debbie offered to share with me and explained to our classmates.
翻译：黛比知道，由于学校没有足够的储物柜，我一直随身携带着我的东西，于是主动和我分享，并向我们的同学解释。
分析：本句使用了现在分词短语Knowing that I had just been carrying my stuff around all this time because the school didn't have enough lockers作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年湖南省怀化市长沙市长郡中学等校高三（下）开学英语试卷
A
ABOUT MUSUME
Who We Are
Musume offers contemporary Asian cuisine and fantastic sushi （寿司） in the heart of downtown Dallas within the Hall Arts district.Musume，which translates to "Daughter" in Japanese is from Rock Libations restaurant group.Musume serves lunch Monday through Friday and dinner every night of the week.Musume features the country's largest premium saki （清酒） program with over 120 selections and also possesses the largest Japanese Whisky collection in the Dallas/Fort Worth area，which pair wonderfully with our large party menus.Operations are overseen by Josh Babb and Sean Clavir.
Private Events at Musume
Our elegant private dining room located in Dallas highly acclaimed Hall Arts District comfortably seats 15 to 50 people.From cocktail gatherings with passed starters to seated formal dinners，Musume specializes in hosting unique private events.We offer a wide variety of special event menus that are served family style with something for everyone.
Location
Hall Arts District 2330 Flora St.Suite 100
Dallas，TX 75201 （214）871-8883
Hours
Monday-Thursday：11：00 am-2：00 pm，5：00 pm-10：00 pm.
Friday：11：00 am-2：00 pm，5：00 pm-11：00 pm.
Saturday：5：00 pm-11：00 pm.
Sunday：5：00 pm-10：00 pm.
Welcome to book now!
1. Which can be found in the writing above？
A. Musume's location.
B. Discount information.
C. The popularity of Musume.
D. The information about minimum charge.
2. If a person wants to dine in Musume，he .
A. has no choice but Japanese cuisine
B. has no chance to taste alcohol there
C. can go to Musume at noon on Sunday
D. can call Musume to make a reservation
3. Which is an UNLIKELY place for you to spot the writing above？
A. A textbook. B. A web page.
C. A leisure magazine. D. A business column.
B
How do I know if I have a cold，the flu or COVID-19？
Experts say testing is the best way to determine what you have since symptoms of the illnesses can overlap，which means the symptoms are similar to each other.The viruses that cause colds，the flu and COVID-19 are spread the same way-through droplets from the nose and mouth of infected people.
The time varies when someone with any of the illnesses will start feeling sick.Some people infected with the coronavirus （冠状病毒） don't experience any symptoms，but it's still possible for them to spread it.
Cough，fever，tiredness and muscle aches are common to both the flu and COVID-19，says Kristen Coleman，as assistant research professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Health.Common colds，meanwhile，are often milder with symptoms including a stuffy nose.Fevers are more common with the flu.
Despite some false descriptions online，the viruses have not merged （合并） to create a new illness.But it's possible to get the flu and COVID-19 at the same time，which some are calling "flurona". "A co-infection of any kind can be severe or worsen your symptoms altogether，" says Coleman. "If flu cases continue to rise，we can expect to see more of these types of viral co-infections in the coming weeks or months."
With many similar symptoms caused by the three virus types，testing remains the best choice to determine which one you may have.Some pharmacies （药房） offer testing for both viruses at the same time，Coleman notes. "This can help doctors offer the right treatment.But most do not have the ability to routinely do this，especially during a COVID-19 surge（激增），" Coleman says.
Getting vaccinated （打疫苗） helps to reduce the spread of the viruses.The U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it is safe to get a flu and COVID-19 shot or booster at the same time.
4. What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph？
A. People with COVID-19 can spread it to others only when they are having obvious symptoms.
B. People with COVID-19 start to feel sick much earlier than people with other illnesses.
C. People start to feel sick around the same time with colds，the flu，or COVID-19.
D. People start to feel sick at different times for each illness.
5. What is NOT mentioned as symptoms of a cold，the flu or COVID-19？
A. Cough. B. Tiredness.
C. Throat aches. D. A high temperature.
6. What can we know from the fifth paragraph？
A. Necessary testing contributes to proper treatment.
B. COVID-19 is out of control due to lack of testing.
C. Doctors can't treat patients without testing results.
D. Pharmacies can offer testing only with doctors' permission.
7. What is recommended in the passage to avoid COVID-19？
A. Getting tested. B. Getting treated.
C. Getting assisted. D. Getting vaccinated.
C
French fries and chips are commonly eaten around the world.However，a growing global potato shortage is limiting french fry orders in various countries.
The coronavirus pandemic and extreme weather have caused supply chain break，which has led to a number of popular items，including cream cheese，going short.Potatoes are the latest items to join the list.
In Japan，McDonald's locations stopped offering large and medium-size french fry orders in late December.Pandemic-related supply chain issues and floods in the Port of Vancouver in British Columbia delayed potato shipments.
Days later，South Africa's leading makers of potato chips warned that potatoes were in disturbingly short supply.A bad frost and too much rainfall led to low local yields.Global sourcing shortages were already a problem.
In Kenya this January，Kentucky Fried Chicken （KFC） locations took french fries off of their menus.Shipping delays caused by the pandemic held up containers full of potatoes for more than a month.KFC allowed customers to swap in other menu items in place of fries in combo meals （套餐）.
Jacques Theunissen，KFC's chief executive for East Africa，told a Kenyan newspaper that it could not easily switch to Kenyan local potatoes because of global quality standards. "All suppliers need to go through the global quality assurance approval process， " he said.
vThe United States are among the world's top potato producers.However，in 2021，U.S.farmers had to destroy millions of potatoes.Lockdowns and stay-at- home orders led to a sharp decline in demand，including from restaurants.Being the USA's largest overseas market for potatoes sent by ship from North America，McDonald's in Japan said it was considering flying in potatoes to meet demand until the backup in Vancouver was resolved.However，heavy snow in early January further delayed shipments.After，the company announced that it would be sticking with its small-order maximum for at least another month.
8. Which is the BEST definition of the underlined word "yield"？
A. quantities produced. B. harvests delayed.
C. crops destroyed. D. farms created.
9. How did shipping delays affect KFC in Kenya？
A. They caused KFC to limit the number of potatoes people could buy.
B. They caused KFC to give customers other items instead of potatoes.
C. They caused KFC to establish a new quality assurance process.
D. They caused KFC to start buying potatoes from local farms.
10. According to the article，why did U.S.farmers destroy their potatoes？
A. Much of their potato crop was affected by a plant disease.
B. Stay-at-home orders led to a decrease in demand for potatoes.
C. Flooding at the Port of Vancouver prevented the shipment of U.S.goods.
D. McDonald's restaurants in Japan allowed people to order only small fries.
11. What is the main idea of the article？
A. Supply chain has broken due to bad weather.
B. Supply chain break has caused Kenya's KFC to use local potatoes.
C. Shipping delays has made the USA's farmers destroy their potatoes.
D. A growing global potato shortage is affecting french fries from Japan to Kenya.
D
As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created miniature 3 D printed villages to address homelessness，they learned lessons far beyond technology.
"It Takes a Village" began as a project for a science class，inspired by life-size 3 D-printed homes built by Austin，Texas-based technology company Icon.
No strangers to classroom 3 D projects，the students were fascinated by Icon's use of a similar process to create homes made of inexpensive concrete-like material.Unlike standard construction methods，the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days.
While creating their mini 3 D buildings，the students explored how such technology allows design freedom and quick changes.Mathematical conversions helped get the relations right.For example，a real 25-foot-by-20-foot one-bedroom house would be printed as 40-millimeter-by-32-millimeter （about 1 1/2 inch by 1 1/4 inch） for their mini village.Salwa Seman，11，said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater （圆形剧场）.
The tech-focused project quickly evolved into "an exercise in empathy （共情），innovation and cooperation designed to bring about lasting change". "When most people think of helping the homeless，they think of food and clothing drives，" said Juliet Galicia，11. "While necessary，those are temporary fixes.Even housing by itself is not a complete solution."
In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods，priorities were shelter，food stores，schools，and health centers.But to build a sense of belonging and purpose，the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. "We wanted to make it feel more like a real community，" said Luke Wazorko，11.A community garden，a place to raise chickens，an amphitheater for shared events，bus stops for access to jobs，and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents.
Amber Fogarty，president of a nonprofit organization tackling homelessness in Austin，said， "Housing alone will never solve homelessness，but community will.People need a place where they are known，cared for and loved."
12. Which can be used to describe homes created by Icon？
A. Hard-sided. B. Long-lasting. C. Rough-edged. D. Strong-minded.
13. What conclusion can we draw from Galicia' words？
A. Juliet Galicia has participated in food and clothing drives in the past.
B. Temporary solutions have proved to be of little help to unhoused people.
C. Providing unhoused people with a place to live will solve all of their problems.
D. A comprehensive approach is required to fully address the issue of homelessness.
14. The author may agree to the ideas EXCEPT that .
A. a team of people can use 3 D printing to build homes
B. builders can adapt a 3 D-printed design to fit a person's preferences
C. the students faced challenges in building their miniature communities
D. places for personal interactions are an important aspect of a community
15. What is the purpose of the sixth paragraph？
A. To emphasize community gardens as the most important part of neighborhoods.
B. To illustrate technology has nothing to do with helping unhoused people.
C. To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing.
D. To promote the project as a profitable design to Austin.
You might have heard that no two snowflakes （雪花） are alike.（1） What all snowflakes have in common，though，is their source.They form from the moisture in clouds that hover （悬浮） at least 1 kilometer above the ground. （2）
In winter，the air up there in the clouds is very cold，and （3） To form snowflakes，those clouds need temperatures below freezing.However，if the air gets too cold，a cloud won't hold enough water for any snowflakes to fall.This requires a balance.Snow can form in cooler environments，but the colder it gets，the less moisture there is to make a snowflake.
In fact，moisture must supersaturate a cloud's air for a flake to form，which means there is more water in the air than would normally be possible.When there is too much water in the air， （4） Some of that water can flash freeze into crystals.These crystals then lazily fall to the ground.We call them snowflakes.
（5） Scientists call it a nucleus，which serves as the center around which an ice crystal forms.Without something to attach to，water droplets （水滴） can't freeze.Even when the air temperature is well below freezing，water droplets will remain liquid.They freeze only when they have a solid object onto which they can stick.However，in the right conditions，drops of water will attach to a nucleus.They do it one by one.building an ice crystal.
A.it gets cooler the higher you go.
B.But how exactly does this work？
C.a cloud will try to rid itself of the extra water.
D.Clouds need one more thing to turn moisture into a flake.
E.Take a close look at snowflakes and you might be surprised.
F.Snowflakes do in fact come in a wide range of shapes and sizes.
G.they encounter slightly different atmospheric conditions along the way.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Last year marked 20 years since the deadliest accident in the history of Italian aviation （航空）.In October 2001，the Linate Airport disaster （1） more than 100 people lose their lives （2） a ground crash at Milan's most centrally-located commercial airport.The （3） involved a Scandinavian Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-87 and a private Cessna Citation CJ2.
The date of the accident was October 8th，2001.On this day，MD-87 was set to （4） a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark.This （5） had 104 passengers and six crew onboard.
Also set to （6） Milan Linate that morning was the Cessna CJ2.Headed for Paris，there were just four people onboard.
On the morning of October 8th，2001，foggy conditions prevailed （占优势）at Milan Linate Airport.Such weather can （7） visibility to minimal levels，potentially causing （8） operational trouble at airports.There is a very real （9） to it，as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility. （10） ，Vincenzo Fusco，the airport's director，stated that conditions were still （11） for flying.The Cessna's pilots， （12） in the fog，took a wrong turn on the runway，which could have been （13） if there had been a ground radar（雷达）system at the airport.
At 08：09，air traffic control advised MD-87's pilots that they were clear to take-off.Less than a minute after this clearance，the departing MD-87 （14） with the Cessna as it crossed the runway.The crash and the resulting fire destroyed both of the aircraft，leaving all the passengers and pilots （15） in the tragedy dead.
21. A. offered B. saw C. affected D. predicted
22. A. due to B. despite C. apart from D. with regard to
23. A. occasion B. situation C. tragedy D. adventure
24. A. unfold B. command C. operate D. distribute
25. A. company B. profession C. trade D. service
26. A. depart B. transform C. orbit D. enter
27. A. increase B. reduce C. enhance D. recover
28. A. current B. magical C. odd D. severe
29. A. danger B. loss C. prejudice D. response
30. A. Therefore B. Thankfully C. Literally D. However
31. A. necessary B. suitable C. convenient D. ready
32. A. engaged B. connected C. lost D. experienced
33. A. noticed B. emphasized C. ignored D. generated
34. A. replaced B. crashed C. contrasted D. quarreled
35. A. dressed B. absorbed C. buried D. involved
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
World Tourism Day focuses on promoting tourism in various parts of the world. （1） （start） by the United Nations World Trade Organization （UNWTO），the day （2） （honor） every year on September 27 and has been celebrated （3） 1980.
The official World Tourism Day （4） （celebrate） this year was held in Bali，Indonesia，and designed around the theme of "Rethinking Tourism，" with the goal of （5） （inspire） debate about rethinking tourism for development，including through education and jobs，as well as tourism's impact on the planet and opportunities to grow more （6） （sustainable）.
Last Monday，tourism ministers of Brazil，Russia，India，China and South Africa met via video conference （7） （discuss） the green and sustainable development of tourism and the countries' recovery measures during （8） COVID-19 pandemic.
The UNWTO urges everyone on World Tourism Day，including tourism workers， （9） （travel），corporations and governments，to consider （10） might be done to boost tourism.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假设你是李华，你的笔友Jane将来中国做一年的交换生，她写信向你寻求尽快适应中国中学校园的建议。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件，提出至少两点建议。
注意：
（1）词数：80词左右；
（2）可适当增加细节。
38. The homemade book bag was sprawled（随意放在）across my bed.It appeared to have taken over the entire room.I closed my eyes for a second，trying to imagine the large shoulder bag gone.I opened my eyes again.It was still there.I knew that my mom had spent all day happily sewing.Worse still，I realized that the fabric（布料）was actually left over from a toy horse that my mom made for me when I was a baby.My mother had even quilted（缝制）little running horses along each side and wrote my name on one side to make certain that no one would be confused as to who owned this furry monster.
"Do you like it？If you don't like it，you don't have to use it，"Mom said.
"Oh no，Mom，I love it，"I lied，picking the bag up and rubbing（摩挲）the soft fabric against my face.The last thing I wanted to do was to hurt her feelings.
The next day I was to start seventh grade at a new school.I was nervous and excited.That first day at school I heard the whispers."Have you seen the new girl？Did you see that big furry bag？"Then there were giggles.
Because I started school in the middle of the year，all of the lockers had been assigned to other kids.There was no storage available for me，so I was forced to haul all my stuff around in the oversized fuzzy bag.Wild stories flew back and forth about what I kept in the bag that never left my side.Drugs？some kids wondered.Clothes？Is she homeless？
There was nothing interesting in that bag，just my coat during cold weather，school books，papers and pens.Eventually，most students pretty much ignored me，but some of the kids teased me about the fuzzy horse bag.People grabbed at it，pretended to pat it like a dog and tried to toss their trash into it.My teachers didn't seem to notice，probably because I didn't ever complain or ask for help.
As the year progressed，I started to hate that bag.I blamed all my problems on it.I felt helpless and alone，miserable，and homesick for California and my old friends.
One day toward the end of the school year，my math teacher assigned each student a partner to work with on word problems.I was told to work with Debbie，a popular redheaded girl who was in several of my classes.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
（2）续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。
She smiled and waved me over toward her desk，so I grabbed my bag and quietly moved toward her.__________________
Then Debbie started to laugh—not at me，but at the situation.__________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文Location部分中的Hall Arts District 2330 Flora St.Suite 100（大厅艺术区2330 Flora St.Suite 100），可知文章提供了此家餐馆的位置信息。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。由本文提供的电话号码Dallas，TX 75201 （214）871-8883和文末Welcome to book now!（ 欢迎立即预订！） 可知可以打电话给Musume预订。故选D。
（3）文章出处题。本文提供了一家餐馆的相关信息，很有可能在一个网页、一份休闲杂志或者商业专栏上找到，最不可能在教科书上找到。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文。Musume是来自RockLibations餐饮集团的一家餐馆。本文主要介绍了Musume这家餐馆位置、特色、营业时间等相关信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】D、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中The time varies when someone with any of the illnesses will start feeling sick.Some people infected with the coronavirus （冠状病毒） don't experience any symptoms，but it's still possible for them to spread it.（患有任何一种疾病的人开始感到不适的时间各不相同。一些感染冠状病毒的人没有任何症状，但他们仍有可能传播病毒。）可知，对于各种疾病，人们在不同时间开始感到不舒服。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Cough，fever，tiredness and muscle aches are common to both the flu and COVID-19，says Kristen Coleman，as assistant research professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Health.Common colds，meanwhile，are often milder with symptoms including a stuffy nose.Fevers are more common with the flu. （马里兰大学公共卫生学院助理研究教授Kristen Coleman说，咳嗽、发烧、疲劳和肌肉酸痛对流感和新冠肺炎都很常见。与此同时，普通感冒的症状通常较轻，包括鼻塞。发烧在流感中更常见。）可知，喉咙痛不是感冒、流感或新冠肺炎的症状。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段中With many similar symptoms caused by the three virus types，testing remains the best choice to determine which one you may have. （由于这三种病毒类型导致了许多类似的症状，检测仍然是确定您可能患有哪种病毒的最佳选择。）以及This can help doctors offer the right treatment. （这可以帮助医生提供正确的治疗。）可知，必要的测试有助于正确治疗。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Getting vaccinated （打疫苗） helps to reduce the spread of the viruses. （接种疫苗有助于减少病毒的传播。）可知，文章建议避免新冠肺炎的措施是接种疫苗。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个人如何判断是否感染了感冒、流感或者新冠，以及避免感染新冠的方法——打疫苗。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】A、B、B、D
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由本文第四自然段的内容Days later，South Africa's leading makers of potato chips warned that potatoes were in disturbingly short supply.A bad frost and too much rainfall led to low local yields. Global sourcing shortages were already a problem. （几天后，南非主要的薯片制造商警告说，土豆供应严重短缺。严重的霜冻和过多的降雨导致当地yields低。全球资源短缺已经成为一个问题。）可知土豆供应不足，是因为天气问题导致土豆产量下降，故yields意为"生产量"，A.quantities produced.生产数量；B.harvests delayed.收成延迟；C.crops destroyed.农作物被毁；D.farms created.农场创建。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第五自然段In Kenya this January，Kentucky Fried Chicken （KFC） locations took french fries off of their menus.Shipping delays caused by the pandemic held up containers full of potatoes for more than a month.KFC allowed customers to swap in other menu items in place of fries in combo meals（套餐）. （今年1月，肯德基在肯尼亚的门店将薯条从菜单上删除。疫情造成的航运延误使装满土豆的集装箱停留了一个多月。肯德基允许顾客在套餐中更换菜单上的其他食物来代替薯条。）可知发货延误对肯尼亚的肯德基造成的影响是肯德基给顾客提供其他食物而不是土豆。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第七自然段The United States are among the world's top potato producers.However，in 2021，U.S.farmers had to destroy millions of potatoes.Lockdowns and stay-at- home orders led to a sharp decline in demand，including from restaurants.（美国是世界上最大的土豆生产国之一。然而，在2021年，美国农民不得不销毁数百万个土豆。封锁和居家令导致需求大幅下降，包括来自餐馆的需求。）可知美国农民销毁他们的土豆是因为居家令导致土豆需求下降。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是本文第一自然段中的关键句However，a growing global potato shortage is limiting french fry orders in various countries.（然而，日益严重的全球土豆短缺限制了许多国家的薯条订单。）被波及的国家有日本和肯尼亚等国可知，所以本文主要讲述了全球日益严重的土豆短缺正影响着从日本到肯尼亚的炸薯条。故选D。
本文为一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了新冠疫情之下，日益严重的全球土豆短缺限制了多国的薯条订单这一问题以及应对方法。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】B、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第三段Unlike standard construction methods，the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days.（与标准建造方法不同，建造这些耐用房屋的过程只需几天。）可知，这种材料制造出来的房子是很耐用的。A.Hard-sided.硬面的；B.Long-lasting.持久的；C.Rough-edged.边缘粗糙的；D.Strong-minded.意志坚强的。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。由文章第五段"When most people think of helping the homeless，they think of food and clothing drives，" said Juliet Galicia，11. "While necessary，those are temporary fixes.Even housing by itself is not a complete solution."（11岁的朱丽叶•加利西亚说："当大多数人想到帮助无家可归的人时，他们会想到食物和衣服的捐赠。""虽然有必要，但这些都是临时措施。甚至住房本身也不是一个完整的解决方案。"）可推知，Juliet Galicia认为，我们不仅要解决吃住问题，还要针对无家可归的人们想出一个更全面的解决方案。故选D项。
（3）推理判断题。通读全文可知，选项A在第一段As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created miniature 3 D printed villages to address homelessness （亚历山大乡村走读学校的六年级学生创造了微型3 D打印村庄，用来解决无家可归问题）中被提到，亚历山大乡村走读学校的一群学生利用3 D打印技术建造房屋；选项C在第四段Salwa Seman，11，said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater（11岁的萨尔瓦•塞曼说，在开始建造之前，要把尺寸和设置正确，是一项挑战，因为她建造了一个弧形墙壁的圆形剧场）被提到，说明在建造过程中他们遇到一些挑战；选项D在第六段But to build a sense of belonging and purpose，the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. （但为了建立归属感和使命感，微型社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域）被提到，个人互动的场所是社区的一个重要方面。综上B项builders can adapt a 3 D-printed design to fit a person's preferences（建筑商可以根据个人喜好调整3 D打印设计）未被提及，所以作者可能不会赞同这一。故选B项。
（4）目的意图题。由第六段In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods，priorities were shelter，food stores，schools，and health centers.But to build a sense of belonging and purpose，the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. （在设计无家可归者的社区时，优先考虑的是庇护所、食品店、学校和保健中心。但为了建立归属感和使命感，微型社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域）和A community garden，a place to raise chickens，an amphitheater for shared events，bus stops for access to jobs，and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents.（一个社区花园，一个养鸡的地方，一个共享活动的露天剧场，一个通往工作的公交车站，以及Wi-Fi和手机的基础设施，以帮助寻找工作，这些都是为以前无家可归的居民提供的重要功能）可推知，第六段向读者展示了学生们关注的不仅仅是住所，他们还关注其它很多方面。因此C.To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing.（展示学生们关注的不仅仅是住房的具体方式。）符合题意。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一群孩子为无家可归者设计住宅小区。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】F、B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）联系上文题。上文You might have heard that no two snowflakes （雪花） are alike.（你可能听说过，没有两片雪花是一样的。）"到了雪花的不同，选项F中 a wide range是关键词，语上文呼应，所以F．Snowflakes do in fact come in a wide range of shapes and sizes.（事实上，雪花的形状和大小确实多种多样。）符合语境。故选F项。
（2）联系上文题。文They form from the moisture in clouds that hover （悬浮） at least 1 kilometer above the ground.（它们是由悬浮在离地面至少1公里高空的云层中的水分形成的。）可知，提到了雪花的来源，选项B中this是关键词，指代上文内容，所以B．But how exactly does this work？（但这究竟是如何起作用的呢？）符合语境。故选B项。
（3）联系下文题。下文To form snowflakes，those clouds need temperatures below freezing.（要形成雪花，这些云需要低于冰点的温度。）提到了雪花形成需要的温度问题，所以选项A中cooler是关键词，与下文temperatures呼应，所以A．it gets cooler the higher you go.（爬得越高，温度就越低。）符合语境。故选A项。
（4）联系上文题。上文In fact，moisture must supersaturate a cloud's air for a flake to form，which means there is more water in the air than would normally be possible.（事实上，云的空气中必须有水分过饱和才能形成薄片，这意味着空气中有比正常情况下可能存在的更多的水。）提到了空气中可能存在水分过量，选项C中extra water是关键词，与上文呼应，所以C．a cloud will try to rid itself of the extra water.（云会试图摆脱多余的水。）符合语境。故选C项。
（5）段落主题题。下文Scientists call it a nucleus，which serves as the center around which an ice crystal forms.（科学家称它为核，它是冰晶形成的中心。）提到了冰晶的中心，选项D中one more thing是关键词，是下文it的指代内容，所以D．Clouds need one more thing to turn moisture into a flake.（云还需要一个东西才能把水分变成薄片。）符合语境。故选D项。
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了雪花的形成和其特点。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、C、D、A、B、D、A、D、B、C、A、B、D
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.offered提供；B.saw看见，见证；C.affected影响；D.predicted预测。句意：2001年10月，米兰最中心的商业机场利纳特机场发生地面坠毁事故，造成100多人丧生。根据句意和前文"the Linate Airport disaster"可知，此处应用动词see表示"见证（事件）"。故选B项。
（2）考查（复合）介词及语境理解。A.due to由于；B.despite尽管；C.apart from除了；D.with regard to关于。句意：2001年10月，米兰最中心的商业机场利纳特机场发生地面坠毁事故，造成100多人丧生。后文"a ground crash"是前文"more than 100 people lose their lives"的原因。故选A项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.occasion场合；B.situation形势；C.tragedy悲剧；D.adventure冒险。句意：这场悲剧涉及一架斯堪的纳维亚航空公司的麦道MD-87飞机和一架私人塞斯纳Citation CJ2飞机。根据前文"more than 100 people lose their lives"可知，这是一场悲剧。故选C项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.unfold展开；B.command命令；C.operate操作，经营，使运行；D.distribute分配。句意：当天，MD-87将从米兰利纳特直飞丹麦哥本哈根。根据后文"a direct flight from Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark"可知，飞机飞行的是米兰利纳特到哥本哈根的航线。故选C项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.company公司；B.profession职业；C.trade贸易；D.service服务，（对顾客的）接待句意：该航班载有104名乘客和6名机组人员。。根据前文"a direct flight"可知，此处指这趟航班服务。故选D项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.depart离开，出发；B.transform改变；C.orbit围绕……运动；D.enter进入。句意：同样在那天早上从米兰利纳特出发的还有塞斯纳CJ2。根据语境和后文"Headed for Paris，there were just four people onboard"可知，还有飞机CJ2要出发。故选A项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.increase增加；B.reduce减少，降低；C.enhance增强；D.recover恢复。句意：这样的天气会将能见度降低到最低水平，可能会给机场带来严重的运营问题。根据前文"foggy conditions"可知，这种天气降低能见度。故选B项。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.current当前的；B.magical神奇的；C.odd古怪的；D.severe严峻的，十分严重的。句意：这样的天气会将能见度降低到最低水平，可能会给机场带来严重的运营问题。根据前文"Such weather can（7）_______ visibility to minimal levels"可知，因为能见度低，所以会给机场带来严重的问题。故选D项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.danger危险；B.loss损失；C.prejudice偏见；D.response反应句意：这是一个非常现实的危险，因为在低能见度下，误判可能是致命的。。根据后文"as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility"可知，这是非常危险的。故选A项。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore因此；B.Thankfully谢天谢地；C.Literally字面上；D.However然而。句意：然而，机场负责人Vincenzo Fusco表示，目前的条件仍然适合飞行。根据后文"stated that conditions were still（11）_______ for flying"的含义分析可知，此处与前文存在转折关系。故选D项。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.necessary必要的；B.suitable合适的；C.convenient方便的；D.ready准备好的。句意：然而，机场负责人Vincenzo Fusco表示，目前的条件仍然适合飞行。根据后文"The Cessna's pilots，（12）_______in the fog，took a wrong turn on the runway"可知，负责人认为条件适合飞行，才造成后来的事故。故选B项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.engaged忙于，从事；B.connected连接，联系；C.lost丢失；D.experienced经历。句意：这架塞斯纳飞机的飞行员在大雾中迷失了方向，在跑道上拐错了弯，如果机场有地面雷达系统，就会发现这一点。根据后文"took a wrong turn on the runway"可知，飞行员迷失了方向。故选C项。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.noticed注意到；B.emphasized强调；C.ignored忽视；D.generated产生。句意：这架塞斯纳飞机的飞行员在大雾中迷失了方向，在跑道上拐错了弯，如果机场有地面雷达系统，就会发现这一点。根据后文"if there had been a ground radar（雷达）system at the airport"可知，如果有雷达系统，就会注意到这一点。故选A项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.replaced代替；B.crashed碰撞；C.contrasted对照；D.quarreled争吵。句意：在放行后不到一分钟，这架正在起飞的MD-87飞机在穿过跑道时与塞斯纳飞机相撞。根据语境和前文"（2）_______a ground crash"可知，发生了碰撞。故选B项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.dressed穿衣；B.absorbed吸收；C.buried埋葬；D.involved卷入，参与。句意：坠机和随之而来的大火摧毁了两架飞机，所有卷入这场悲剧的乘客和飞行员都遇难了。根据后文"in the tragedy"可知，指卷入这场悲剧的人员。故选D项。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了意大利航空史上最致命的飞机地面碰撞事故。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】Started
【小题2】is honored
【小题3】since
【小题4】celebration
【小题5】inspiring
【小题6】sustainably
【小题7】to discuss
【小题8】the
【小题9】travelers
【小题10】what
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：这一天由联合国世界贸易组织发起，每年9月27日庆祝，自1980年以来一直在庆祝。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和句子主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，句首单词首字母大写。故填Started。
（2）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一天由联合国世界贸易组织发起，每年9月27日庆祝，自1980年以来一直在庆祝。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语和该动词之间为被动关系。根据every year可知，句子为一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。综上所述，句子为一般现在时态的被动语态，单数形式。故填is honored。
（3）考查介词。句意：这一天由联合国世界贸易组织发起，每年9月27日庆祝，自1980年以来一直在庆祝。自从1980年以来一直庆祝这一天。所以用介词since"自从"。故填since。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：今年的世界旅游日庆祝活动在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行，其主题是"重新思考旅游业"，目的是激发关于重新思考旅游促进发展的辩论，包括通过教育和就业，以及旅游业对地球的影响和更可持续发展的机会。空处为句子的主语部分，所以需要名词celebration，表示"庆祝活动"不可数名词。故填celebration。
（5）考查动名词。句意：今年的世界旅游日庆祝活动在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行，其主题是"重新思考旅游业"，目的是激发关于重新思考旅游促进发展的辩论，包括通过教育和就业，以及旅游业对地球的影响和更可持续发展的机会。介词of后面需要动名词作宾语。故填inspiring。
（6）考查副词。句意：今年的世界旅游日庆祝活动在印度尼西亚巴厘岛举行，其主题是"重新思考旅游业"，目的是激发关于重新思考旅游促进发展的辩论，包括通过教育和就业，以及旅游业对地球的影响和更可持续发展的机会。空处需要副词修饰动词。故填sustainably。
（7）考查动词不定式。句意：上周一，巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的旅游部长通过视频会议讨论了新冠肺炎疫情期间旅游业的绿色可持续发展以及各国的复苏措施。句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to discuss。
（8）考查冠词。句意：上周一，巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非的旅游部长通过视频会议讨论了新冠肺炎疫情期间旅游业的绿色可持续发展以及各国的复苏措施。空处特指"新冠大流行"，所以用定冠词the限定。故填the。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：联合国世界旅游组织敦促世界旅游日的所有人，包括旅游工作者、旅行者、企业和政府，考虑采取什么措施来促进旅游业。根据空前的tourism workers和空后的corporations and governments可知，空处需要名词作介词including的宾语。结合句意可知，包括的是旅游工作者、旅行者、企业和政府。travller"旅行者"。空处需要名词的复数形式。故填travellers。
（10）考查宾语从句。句意：联合国世界旅游组织敦促世界旅游日的所有人，包括旅游工作者、旅行者、企业和政府，考虑采取什么措施来促进旅游业。空处引导consider后的宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，表示需要的"事情"，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了今年（2022年）的"世界旅游日"的有关情况。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Jane，
I'm delighted to know that you are coming to China and spending one year as an exchanging student.As for how to adapt yourself to Chinese campus life，I have some suggestions.（写信目的）
Firstly，you are expected to work hard at Chinese，which can give you more opportunities to communicate with others.【高分句型一】Secondly，why not make some friends？They can help you to know more about China，and friendship can help you to forget your loneliness.Thirdly，it would be a good idea if you take an active part in all kinds of activities，which will help to make life more interesting.【高分句型二】I believe by doing this，you will be adapted to your new life soon.（建议）
How I wish these suggestions could be very useful to you.（希望）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Firstly，you are expected to work hard at Chinese，which can give you more opportunities to communicate with others.
译文：首先，你应该努力学习中文，这可以给你更多的机会与他人交流。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Thirdly，it would be a good idea if you take an active part in all kinds of activities，which will help to make life more interesting.
译文：第三，如果你积极参加各种活动，这将是一个好主意，这将有助于让生活变得更有趣。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】She smiled and waved me over toward her desk，so I grabbed my notorious bag and quietly moved toward her."So，what's in the bag？"Debbie asked gently with a grin.The students working at the table next to us turned to hear my answer."Um，just books and stuff，"I stammered，caught totally off guard.So shocked was I that I simply handed it over without a word when she asked whether she could see my bag，muttering I hauled my big bag because of lacking lockers.【高分句型一】（作者向黛比解释她到处拿着大包的原因）
Then Debbie started to laugh—not at me，but at the situation.Knowing that I had just been carrying my stuff around all this time because the school didn't have enough lockers，Debbie offered to share with me and explained to our classmates.【高分句型二】Everyone around laughed understandingly.Then she asked me something I never thought I'd hear."Do you think your mom would make me one bag like yours？I like your bag very much".When I nodded，bewildered，she started laughing again.From then on，we have been good friends.（黛比要和作者分享同一个柜子，两人成为了好朋友）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对新学校的不适应以及最后交到了好朋友。
高分句型一：So shocked was I that I simply handed it over without a word when she asked whether she could see my bag，muttering I hauled my big bag because of lacking lockers.
翻译：我非常震惊，当她问我是否能看到我的包时，我一声不吭地把它递给了她，嘴里嘟囔着：因为没有储物柜，我拖着我的大包。
分析：本句使用了so...that句式的倒装、whether引导的宾语从句以及现在分词短语muttering I hauled my big bag because of lacking lockers作状语。
高分句型二：Knowing that I had just been carrying my stuff around all this time because the school didn't have enough lockers，Debbie offered to share with me and explained to our classmates.
翻译：黛比知道，由于学校没有足够的储物柜，我一直随身携带着我的东西，于是主动和我分享，并向我们的同学解释。
分析：本句使用了现在分词短语Knowing that I had just been carrying my stuff around all this time because the school didn't have enough lockers作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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