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2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二（下）开学英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二（下）开学英语试卷（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了5 hurs等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二（下）开学英语试卷
A
High School Studio Workshops
Single museum visit，2.5 hours
Grades 9–12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries，followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio，where students create a related art project.
During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and develop theories based on their observations.
Students will have the opportunity to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.
Museum Makers：Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11–12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives upper-level high school students the tools to experience，understand and interpret art.Participants will gain an insider's view of how an art museum works.
Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10：00 am to 3：00 pm.Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing in the Galleries
Grades 7–12，90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries.Using close observation，group discussion，and personal reflection，they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms，including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accommodated （容纳） at each session.
1. What can students do during High School Studio Workshops？
A. They can experience the scenic access in the Education Studio.
B. They can be offered the opportunity to an art entrance examination.
C. They can express their opinions and develop their observation abilities.
D. They can create an artwork related to what has been seen in the galleries.
2. What do the three activities have in common？
A. They limit the number of visitors.
B. They are suitable for a 12th grader.
C. They let visitors make handicrafts.
D. They last a morning or an afternoon.
3. Where might this article be chosen？
A. A travel journal. B. A research report.
C. An art magazine. D. A teaching design.
B
From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games，we tend to overuse technology. "For many people，a moment without your phone or laptop in sight can feel like a lifetime，" the Daily Mail commented.A team from the US-based company Toll Free Forwarding built a three-dimensional model to sniff out the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.The computer model called Mindy may persuade many people to think twice.
"Spending hours looking down at your phone strains your neck and throws your spine （脊柱） off balance，" explained Caleb Backe，a health and wellness expert in the US.Then，the muscles in our neck need to spend extra effort to support the head，making our back hunched （驼背的） and neck wide.
"The way we hold our phones can cause strain in certain points of contact – causing text claw （手机手），" Nikola Djordjevic，a physician in Serbia，told the team.It affects the elbows too，causing pain in the arm.Scientifically，it is called cubital tunnel syndrome （肘管综合征）.That's why Mindy has a 90-degree elbow，and her hands look like she's always holding a mobile phone.
Some people also commented that human evolution may not work this way.They believe that only features with actual benefits would be kept throughout the years.For example，features that can increase the rate of survival，instead of the negative impact of technology.
However，current human lifestyles still raise concerns.A model called Emma was built by researchers in the UK in 2019 to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years.The research team built Emma based on the health issues mentioned by over 3，000 workers in France，Germany and the UK.Emma's back stays bent，and her legs are swollen （肿胀的） due to the time people spend in front of computers.With little time spent outdoors and in the sun，her skin is pale，too.
4. What do the underlined words "sniff out" mean in paragraph 2？
A. Detect. B. Approach. C. Polish. D. Contradict.
5. What can we learn from the two models of Mindy and Emma？
A. They are built by the same US-based company.
B. They both have bent backs and pale skin similarly.
C. Everyone doesn't approve human will evolve the way like Mindy.
D. Emma's strange elbow is due to holding up a phone for a long time.
6. What is the author's attitude towards this research ？
A. Negative. B. Indifferent. C. Objective. D. Favorable.
7. What is the purpose of the text？
A. To compare two computer models Mindy and Emma.
B. To illustrate the reasons for overusing phone technology.
C. To address the effects caused by too much mobile phone use.
D. To remind technological dependence may change our appearance.
C
Plenty of days，temperatures in California's Mojave Desert climb above 120 degrees Fahrenheit.400 silvered glass panels，fixed into the western edge of that hot desert，are there to generate heat 15 times that amount.And，ideally，to help cool the planet too.
Made by the Pasadena-based company Heliogen，each 16-square-foot heliostat （定日镜） reflects a kilowatt of sunlight to the top of a five-story tower，where it's absorbed by a receiver.As the little black heliostat burns white，it is over 1，800 degrees.That's hot enough to begin manufacturing cement （水泥） and other industrial products—processes that typically rely on burning fossil fuels—and to potentially cut up to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Heliogen CEO Bill Gross has dreamed of taking advantage of the sun since the 1973 energy crisis，when he sold DIY solar panels.Those sales helped put him through college.Last fall，the company fired up this first array （阵列）. "It was a bit like watching a moon landing，" Gross says.
Similar arrays have been used to make electricity and tasty SunChips，and even drill for oil.But those peak around 1，000 degrees，because each heliostat has to be individually adjusted and can fall out of rank over time.With Heliogen，cameras at the top of the tower scan the sky，and image analysis software figures out the best position for each mirror，which can circle in less than 1/160 of a degree.Gross says such efficiency can deliver heat 20 percent more cheaply than fossil fuels can.
As proof of concept，Heliogen has set up a kiln （炉） at the top of the tower to directly heat limestone，a key step in making cement.This year the company plans to link with commercial partners that have the large shadowless land required.Gross is also building a receiver that can handle temperatures above 2，700 degrees.That kind of strong fire can create synthetic hydrogen （合成氢），which could replace oil-based fuels. "Civilization depends on cement and steel—our roads，travel，everything，" Gross says. "We've found a way to clean it up."
8. What is the characterristic of Heliogen's heliostat？
A. It can work around the clock in hot desert.
B. It consists of over 400 silvered glass panels.
C. Its temperature can reach over 2，700 degrees.
D. It relies on a receiver to make industrial products.
9. How does Heliogen's heliostat take effect？
A. It always circles around the sun precisely.
B. It reduces much greenhouse gas emissions.
C. It replaces nuclear fuel in the industrial field.
D. It burns itself to generate synthetic hydrogen.
10. What can we learn from Heliogen CEO Bill Gross？
A. He was excited about what his company has achieved.
B. He made a breakthrough in manufacturing cement last fall.
C. He had no related knowledge before the company establishment.
D. He promoted the cooperation with other partners in solar energy.
11. What does the last sentence "We've found a way to clean it up." mean？
A. The solar energy application to producing products is a promising reform.
B. We should remove the traditional ways of manufacturing cement and steel.
C. More cement and steel should be produced to create advanced civilization.
D. People need to use oil-based fuels to make more civilization-related products.
D
Adam Ryan，31，has worked at Target in Christiansburg，Virginia，for three years. "I have to live with my family because I can't afford rent on my own.I don't have health insurance.Target has told me I don't qualify for their benefits because I don't get enough hours，" said Ryan，who is also an organizer with Target Workers Unite，an independent initiative of Target workers.He makes 13 an hour，the hourly minimum a geat Target since June2022，which is scheduled to increase to15 an hour by the end of 2023.
But Ryan and several other Target workers say Target is cutting their schedules and doubling their workload as it increases minimum wage under its 'modernization plan' to increase efficiency.They think that broader influences in the retail sector （零售业） are responsible for their difficulty – especially，the actions of their hard-charging rival Amazon.
"They're responding to what Amazon is doing，" Ryan added. "They are trying to turn these stores into their own distribution centers，using brick-and-mortar stores （实体店）.We have to be warehouse workers and customer service workers."
Target Workers Unite recently released a survey of more than 500 Target workers around the US，representing 382 different stores in 44 states.Only 12.7% of the workers who responded said they could survive on the wages from Target alone，with 56% of workers citing they have ran out of food while employed at Target，and 12.8% of workers reported experiencing homelessness.
The survey also provides some insight into Target's opposition to workers organizing.Many workers surveyed report they have been scolded by management for discussing workplace issues in the store or on social media.
As Target workers report struggling to make ends meet while experiencing cuts to their schedules，loss of benefits，and increased workloads，Target reported record share prices （股价） at the end of 2022，consistently beating predictions of sales and profits in 2022 and finding a balance between physical stores and digital commerce.The retail chain is ranked the eighth-largest retail corporation in the US based on sales.Target is preparing for the arguments against the workers' survey's finding and claims from workers over working conditions and schedule cuts.
12. What can we know from the modernization plan of Target？
A. It has not received widespread support from employees.
B. It means less work hours which can benefit both parties.
C. Only a few employees can be laid off when it is in effect.
D. New employees suffer more for lack of much experience.
13. What does the survey by Target Workers Unite indicate？
A. Half workers could not find enough food to live on.
B. Workers' living conditions were actually not optimistic.
C. Target workers began to realize that they had been cheated.
D. It was inhuman to make some employees transfer their positions.
14. What message does this passage convey to readers？
A. Target tried to struggle for their workers' benefits and welfare.
B. Target conducted the modernization plan，but failed in the end.
C. Target raised much money to cope with workers' financial problems.
D. Target raised wages，but with less working hours and more workload.
15. What might the following paragraph talk about？
A. Target drops the plan because of workers' claims.
B. Details of how Target defends itself are presented.
C. The writer explains why Target achieved a success.
D. Amazon encounters similar problems from workers.
How to Make Your Holiday Wonderful
Don't want to spend a holiday alone feeling blue？ （1）
1.Don't Force Cheer
At family gatherings，when your relatives make some untruthful compliments （赞美），you will probably try to force a smile. （2） But a 2011 study by researchers at Michigan State University might make you think twice.They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks，looking to see when they force a happy face at their passengers.The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to pretend to have a good mood，their actual moods got worse.
2.Don't Suppress （压制） Sadness
The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers from Stanford University，who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only worsen when we try to suppress them. （3） Expressing our sadness can help us get comfort and compassion from those who care about us.By contrast，suppressing our emotions can actually harm our relationships.
3.Respond Mindfully
（4） When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger （诱因），you pause rather than reacting.Instead of blaming yourself，you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong.Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of negative emotions we experience. （5） Inevitably，the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows.Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.
A.A smile might seem like the most mature response.
B.And mindfulness is a skill you can develop over time.
C.So trying to hide their feelings seems to lead to an opposite result.
D.Psychological research suggests some effective ways to help beat the holiday blues.
E.Instead，if properly understood，they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life.
F.Recently，scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness.
G.That's because we feel worse when we try to control and hide our negative inner feelings.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Cruz Genet，11，and Anthony Skopick，10，couldn't agree.Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese？There was only one way to find out.So on a chilly January evening，the two friends ventured （冒险） onto the （1） pond near their homes in Frankfort，Illinois，to get a better look.First they threw a rock onto the ice to （2） it.Cruz told NBC 5 Chicago. "Then we stepped on it." （3） the ice would hold their weight，Anthony took a few steps.Then he crashed through the （4） frozen surface. "There was no sound，no crack." he told NBC 5 Chicago. "I just fell through instantly."
Cruz rushed to help his （5） friend.However，the pond （6） him too.Cruz managed to lift himself out of the extremely cold water and onto a more （7） section.He then （8） worked his way toward Anthony.But the ice didn't hold，and he fell in again.This time，he couldn't get out.
The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs.Any chance of their freeing themselves was （9） .Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthony's older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started （10） for help.
John Lavin，a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.He quickly （11） .Seeing the boys，he （12） a nearby buoy （救生圈），kicked off his shoes，and ran into the water.Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and pulled them back to land.They were taken to the hospital，where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water had （13） their body temperature nearly ten degrees.
Fortunately，the boys have fully （14） ，though they are still a little amazed by their （15） neighbor.
"Just to think，" says Cruz， "if he were not there，I could have died."
21. A. calm B. frozen C. bitter D. tough
22. A. bury B. test C. spread D. dig
23. A. Confused B. Amazed C. Convinced D. Annoyed
24. A. seemingly B. appropriately C. alternatively D. constantly
25. A. optimistic B. hesitant C. panicked D. tolerant
26. A. shifted B. swallowed C. struck D. swept
27. A. flat B. smooth C. rough D. solid
28. A. cautiously B. ultimately C. passively D. greedily
29. A. putting away B. slipping away C. taking away D. breaking away
30. A. waving B. jumping C. screaming D. running
31. A. pulled over B. knocked over C. took over D. looked over
32. A. extended B. grabbed C. polished D. covered
33. A. lowered B. affected C. monitored D. examined
34. A. relieved B. restricted C. released D. recovered
35. A. careless B. worthless C. helpless D. fearless
36. Three Chinese astronauts aboard the Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship returned to Earth safely on Sunday and were loudly cheered in （1） （recognize） of their outstanding performance and commitment.They were reported （2） （accomplish） many "firsts" during their six-month space station mission.
The three astronauts Chen Dong，Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe were all in good physical condition，and the Shenzhou-14 manned mission was （3） complete success，the China Manned Space Agency announced.The spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 5，since （4） the crew have stayed in the Tiangong space station. （5） （orbit） 400 kilometers above the Earth for several months，they completed multiple tasks during their mission.
The Shenzhou-14 astronauts helped accomplish many "firsts" in China's space history，including the first rendezvous and docking between two 20-tonne-level spacecraft and the first in-orbit transposition of a space station module.
They are the first crew （6） （enter） the space station's two lab modules，and they set a record of making three spacewalks on a single flight mission. "It is the success in conducting spacewalks by using a new hatch （舱门） and a new small robotic arm that has us walking （7） air，lost in the glory of the moment." Liu Yang said （8） （excite）.
The trio conducted an in-orbit rotation （对接） with the Shenzhou-15 crew，a （9） （history） gathering that added the workforce at the in-orbit space station to six for the first time.Previously，there （10） （be） at most three Chinese astronauts in space at a time.
(1)
(2)
37. 假设你是李华，针对当前学生的近视问题，你代表学生会发出了"保护眼睛"的倡议。内容包括：
（1）目前学生的近视现状；
（2）保护眼睛的具体措施；
（3）呼吁同学们保护眼睛。
注意：
（1）词数应为80字左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）倡议书的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
（4）参考词汇：myopia n.近视 short-sighted adj.近视的
Dear fellow students，
________________
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
38. Thanksgiving for the Soul Working as a primary teacher in Pompton Lakes Primary School，New Jersey，I particularly believed in cultivating love in children from an early age.I wanted children to experience that it's more blessed to give than to receive.I wanted them to understand that love of society and love of life is not just lip service；that people somehow have to make it come alive.I hoped they could experience a sense of their own power to make a difference.
There was a rural area nearby where a lot of aged people lived in solitude （孤独）.They either had no family or their children had left to work in big cities.Most of them lived on government aid to keep body and soul together.An agency，which was in charge of the elder people in this region，had once told me about a needy grandmother，Mrs.Wilson，who had lived alone for many years.I had always desired to do something for her.So I came up with the Thanksgiving plan.
In October，I told the eight-year-olds in my class about my plan. "I'd like all of you to do extra jobs around the house to earn some money，" I said. "Then we'll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for a needy grandma who might not have a nice dinner otherwise."
Early in Thanksgiving week，the boys and girls arrived in class clutching （紧握） their hard-earned money.They had cleared rubbish，set tables，washed dishes，helped with younger siblings.And now they couldn't wait to go shopping.
I watched while they ran up and down the supermarket aisles （货架通道）.At last we headed toward the checkout，pushing a cart filled with turkey and all the trimmings （配料）.Then someone spotted a "necessity"—flowers，which caught their attention.All kids ran toward the holiday flowers，with one proposing， "Flowers!We can buy her a bunch of flowers!"
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"Flowers may not be as practical as food." I said.________________
With a food box and a bunch of flowers，we finally arrived at Mrs.Wilson's home.________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Grades 9–12部分Students will have the opportunity to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.（学生将有机会在工作室创作一件艺术作品，灵感来自他们在画廊中看到的东西。）可知学生在高中工作室工作坊期间可以创作与画廊中所见相关的艺术品。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据每一部分的Grades 9–12（9-12年级）；Grades 11–12（11-12年级）；Grades 7–12，90 minutes（7–12年级，90分钟）可知这三项活动的共同点是它们适合12年级学生。故选B。
（3）文章出处题。阅读全文以及根据题目High School Studio Workshops（高中工作室工作坊）可知文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。所以来自于一本艺术杂志。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】A、C、C、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段A team from the US-based company Toll Free Forwarding built a three-dimensional model to sniff out the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.（总部位于美国的免费货运公司（Toll Free Forwarding）的一个团队建立了一个三维模型，以探查技术在不到800年内可能对人体产生的负面影响。）可知 "sniff out" 意为"探查"和detect意思接近。A.Detect探查；B.Approach靠近；C.Polish磨光；D.Contradict冲突。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Some people also commented that human evolution may not work this way.（一些人还评论说，人类进化可能不会这样。）可知并不是所有的人都认为技术会影响人类进化。故选C。
（3）观点态度题。本文作者主要是客观地阐述了一些研究者、媒体和大众的观点和评论。如 "the Daily Mail commented.（《每日邮报》评论道。）；...explained Caleb Backe（Caleb Backe解释）；Nikola Djordjevic，...told the team（Nikola Djordjevic……告诉团队）， "Some people also commented that...（一些人也评论说……）等表达方式充分证明了作者对此事的客观态度。A.Negative消极的；B.Indifferent不以为然的；C.Objective客观的；D.Favorable支持的。故选C。
（4）写作意图题。文章通过介绍两个模型揭示了过度使用先进技术会影响人类的外貌和体型这一现象，阐述了未来人类进化或受电子设备的影响。提醒技术依赖可能会改变我们的外表。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们用计算机模型来证明"过度使用技术，对人类产生的负面影响"。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】D、B、A、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Made by the Pasadena-based company Heliogen，each 16-square-foot heliostat （定日镜） reflects a kilowatt of sunlight to the top of a five-story tower，where it's absorbed by a receiver.As the little black heliostat burns white，it is over 1，800 degrees.That's hot enough to begin manufacturing cement （水泥） and other industrial products—processes that typically rely on burning fossil fuels—and to potentially cut up to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.（由总部位于帕萨迪纳的Heliogen公司制造，每个16平方英尺的定日镜将一千瓦的阳光反射到五层楼高的塔顶，在那里被接收器吸收。当黑色的定日镜燃烧成白色时，温度超过了1800华氏度。这样的温度足以开始制造水泥和其他工业产品--通常依赖于燃烧化石燃料的过程--并有可能减少全球10%的温室气体排放。）可知，定日镜的特点是依靠接收器来制造工业产品。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话As the little black heliostat burns white，it is over 1，800 degrees.That's hot enough to begin manufacturing cement （水泥） and other industrial products—processes that typically rely on burning fossil fuels—and to potentially cut up to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.（由总部位于帕萨迪纳的Heliogen公司制造，每个16平方英尺的定日镜将一千瓦的阳光反射到五层楼高的塔顶，在那里被接收器吸收。当黑色的定日镜燃烧成白色时，温度超过了1800华氏度。这样的温度足以开始制造水泥和其他工业产品--通常依赖于燃烧化石燃料的过程--并有可能减少全球10%的温室气体排放。）可知，Heliogen的定日镜能够产生制造一些工业品的能量，从而避免使用石化燃料，这也就相当于减少了温室气体的排放，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段的后两句Those sales helped put him through college.Last fall，the company fired up this first array （阵列）. "It was a bit like watching a moon landing，" Gross says.（去年秋天，该公司启动了第一个阵列。格罗斯说："这有点像观看登月。"）可知，Gross对公司取得的成绩感到兴奋，故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段As proof of concept，Heliogen has set up a kiln （炉） at the top of the tower to directly heat limestone，a key step in making cement.This year the company plans to link with commercial partners that have the large shadowless land required.Gross is also building a receiver that can handle temperatures above 2，700 degrees.That kind of strong fire can create synthetic hydrogen （合成氢），which could replace oil-based fuels. "Civilization depends on cement and steel—our roads，travel，everything，" Gross says. "We've found a way to clean it up."（作为概念的证明，Heliogen在塔顶建立了一个窑炉，直接加热石灰石，这是制造水泥的关键步骤。今年，该公司计划与拥有所需大片无影土地的商业合作伙伴建立联系。格罗斯还在建造一个可以承受2700华氏度以上温度的接收器。这种强烈的火焰可以产生合成氢，可以取代石油燃料。"文明依赖于水泥和钢铁--我们的道路，旅行，一切，"格罗斯说。"我们已经找到了清理它的方法。"）可知，最后一句"我们已经找到了清理它的方法"意思是用太阳能来取代石化燃料，这是一项有前景的改革。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Gross的公司利用太阳能新技术来取代石化燃料制造工业产品，既可以降低成本又可以有效减少温室气体的排放。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】A、B、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段第一句But Ryan and several other Target workers say Target is cutting their schedules and doubling their workload as it increases minimum wage under its 'modernization plan' to increase efficiency.（但瑞安和塔吉特公司的其他几名员工说，该公司正在削减他们的工作时间，并将他们的工作量增加了一倍，因为该公司根据"现代化计划"提高了最低工资，以提高效率。）和最后一段最后一句话Target is preparing for the arguments against the workers' survey's finding and claims from workers over working conditions and schedule cuts.（塔吉特公司正在准备反驳工人调查结果的论点，以及工人对工作条件和工作时间削减的要求。）可知，Target的现代化计划中削减员工的工作时间，并将他们的工作量增加了一倍，遭到员工的反对。结合选项A.It has not received widespread support from employees.它没有得到员工的广泛支持；B.It means less work hours which can benefit both parties.这意味着更少的工作时间，对双方都有利；C.Only a few employees can be laid off when it is in effect.当它生效时，只有少数员工可以被解雇；D.New employees suffer more for lack of much experience.新员工因为缺乏经验而更痛苦。分析可知，A项符合文意。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Target Workers Unite recently released a survey of more than 500 Target workers around the US，representing 382 different stores in 44 states.Only 12.7% of the workers who responded said they could survive on the wages from Target alone，with 56% of workers citing they have ran out of food while employed at Target，and 12.8% of workers reported experiencing homelessness.（Target Workers Unite最近发布了一项针对美国各地500多名塔吉特员工的调查，他们代表了44个州的382家不同的商店。只有12.7%的受访员工表示，他们仅靠塔吉特的工资就能生存，56%的员工表示，他们在塔吉特工作期间吃完了食物，12.8%的员工表示无家可归。）可知，被调查者的生存状况不容乐观，故选B。
（3）主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段Adam Ryan，31，has worked at Target in Christiansburg，Virginia，for three years. "I have to live with my family because I can't afford rent on my own.I don't have health insurance.Target has told me I don't qualify for their benefits because I don't get enough hours，" said Ryan，who is also an organizer with Target Workers Unite，an independent initiative of Target workers.He makes 13 an hour，the hourly minimum a geat Target since June2022，which is scheduled to increase to15 an hour by the end of 2023.（31岁的亚当•瑞安在弗吉尼亚州克里斯蒂安斯堡的塔吉特百货工作了三年。"我必须和家人住在一起，因为我自己付不起房租。我没有医疗保险。塔吉特公司告诉我，我没有资格享受他们的福利，因为我的工作时间不够，"瑞安说。他也是塔吉特公司员工独立倡议--Target Workers Unite的组织者之一。他每小时赚13美元，这是自2022年6月以来的最低每小时目标，计划到2023年底增加到每小时15美元。）和第二段But Ryan and several other Target workers say Target is cutting their schedules and doubling their workload as it increases minimum wage under its 'modernization plan' to increase efficiency.They think that broader influences in the retail sector （零售业） are responsible for their difficulty – especially，the actions of their hard-charging rival Amazon.（但瑞安和塔吉特公司的其他几名员工说，该公司正在削减他们的工作时间，并将他们的工作量增加了一倍，因为该公司根据"现代化计划"提高了最低工资，以提高效率。他们认为，零售业的广泛影响是造成他们困境的原因，尤其是劲敌亚马逊的行为。）可知，本文主要讲述了Target公司推行的现代化计划以及员工相对应的反应。在这个计划的执行过程中，劳资双方的矛盾在于工资、劳动时间和工作量三个方面。结合选项A.Target tried to struggle for their workers' benefits and welfare.塔吉特公司试图为他们的工人争取福利；B.Target conducted the modernization plan，but failed in the end.Target进行了现代化计划，但最终失败了；C.Target raised much money to cope with workers' financial problems.塔吉特公司筹集了很多钱来解决工人的财务问题；D.Target raised wages，but with less working hours and more workload.目标公司提高了工资，但工作时间减少了，工作量增加了。分析可知，D项是这篇文章向读者传达的信息，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话Target is preparing for the arguments against the workers' survey's finding and claims from workers over working conditions and schedule cuts.（塔吉特公司正在准备反驳工人调查结果的论点，以及工人对工作条件和工作时间削减的要求。）可知，Target公司反对员工组织的调查结果和工人对工作条件和时间表削减的诉求；再结合最后一段提及的Target公司现在的股价和在美国的市场地位可以推论，Target公司会提出更多反驳的理由。结合选项A.Target drops the plan because of workers' claims.塔吉特公司因为工人的要求而放弃了计划；B.Details of how Target defends itself are presented.介绍了Target如何自我辩护的细节；C.The writer explains why Target achieved a success.作者解释了塔吉特百货公司取得成功的原因；D.Amazon encounters similar problems from workers.亚马逊遇到了来自工人的类似问题。分析可知，B项是下一段要谈论的内容。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Target公司推行的现代化计划以及员工相对应的反应。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】D、A、G、F、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文Don't want to spend a holiday alone feeling blue？（不想独自度过一个忧郁的假期吗？）可知，所以心理学研究提供了一些有效的方法来战胜假日忧郁。D选项"Psychological research suggests some effective ways to help beat the holiday blues.心理学研究提出了一些有效的方法来帮助克服节日忧郁。"符合语境，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。第二小节的副标题是Don't Force Cheer。根据上文At family gatherings，when your relatives make some untruthful compliments （赞美），you will probably try to force a smile.（在家庭聚会上，当你的亲戚做出一些不真实的赞美时，你可能会忍不住装出一副高兴的样子，）可知，A选项"A smile might seem like the most mature response.笑似乎是最成熟的回应"。符合语境。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据上文The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers from Stanford University，who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only worsen when we try to suppress them.（斯坦福大学的研究人员可以解释公交车司机研究的结果，他们发现，悲伤或愤怒等负面情绪只有在我们试图抑制它们时才会恶化。）可知，这是因为当我们努力控制或隐藏负面的内在情绪时，我们感受更糟。前后句子之间属于因果关系，前后句之间人称是矛盾的。G选项"That's because we feel worse when we try to control and hide our negative inner feelings.当我们试图抑制悲伤或愤怒等负面情绪时，它们只会变得更糟。"符合语境。故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据下文When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger （诱因），you pause rather than reacting.Instead of blaming yourself，you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong.（当你对情绪触发做出谨慎的反应时，你会暂停而不是做出反应。与其责备自己，你只是注意到自己的感受，而不去判断这种反应是对是错。）可知，是统领这一小节的主题句。副标题Respond Mindfully与F项中的the benefits of mindfulness对应，F选项"Recently，scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness.最近，科学家们特别关注正念的益处。"符合语境。故选F。
（5）推理判断题。根据下文Inevitably，the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows.Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.（不可避免地，假期将带来高潮和低谷的混合。也许要记住的最重要的一课是，这种各种各样的情绪可能是对你的整体幸福感最好的事情。）可知，正念的好处以及正念是一种可以慢慢培养的技能，前后属于并列关系，B选项"And mindfulness is a skill you can develop over time.正念是一种你可以随着时间发展的技能。"符合语境。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如何让假期过得更美好的一些建议。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项，得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】B、B、C、A、C、B、D、A、B、C、A、B、A、D、D
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.calm冷静的；B.frozen结冰的；C.bitter苦的；D.tough艰难的。根据下文threw a rock onto the ice（把一块石头扔到冰上）可知，这个池塘是结冰的。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.bury埋葬；B.test检测；C.spread传播；D.dig挖掘。根据下句 the ice would hold their weight，Anthony took a few steps（在确定冰可以承受他们的重量时，其中一个小男孩Anthony走了几步。）可知两个小孩决定冒险之前也做了一些准备工作，首先扔一块石头到池塘上是为了测试冰的结实度。故答案为B。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.Confused困惑的；B.Amazed惊讶的；C.Convinced信服的，确信的；D.Annoyed生气的。根据下句Anthony took a few steps可知其中一个小男孩Anthony走了几步。说明确定了冰可以承受他们的重量。故答案为C。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.seemingly表面上看；B.appropriately大约；C.alternatively或者；D.constantly持续地。根据下文I just fell through instantly（我立刻掉进了冰里）可知，冰面并不结实，池塘只是看起来是冻结实的。故答案为A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.optimistic乐观的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.panicked恐慌的；D.tolerant忍受的。根据上句I just fell through instantly（我立刻掉进了冰里）可知Cruz立刻冲过去救他的朋友，而面对这一突发事件，Anthony当时一定非常惊恐。故答案为C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.shifted切换；B.swallowed吞咽；C.struck袭击；D.swept打扫。根据上句 Cruz rushed to help his （5）friend（Cruz立刻冲过去救他的朋友）和However表示转折，可知，他并没有救成功，反而池塘也吞噬了他。故答案为B。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flat平坦的；B.smooth平滑的；C.rough粗糙的；D.solid固体的，稳固的。根据上句Cruz managed to lift himself out of the extremely cold water可知Cruz并没有放弃，成功地从水里出来并把自己移到了一块相对稳固的地方。故答案为D。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.cautiously谨慎地；B.ultimately最后；C.passively消极地；D.greedily贪婪地。根据前文However，the pond （6）him too（然而，池塘也吞噬了他）可知Cruz接下来继续朝着他好朋友的方向移动，但这一次他非常小心谨慎。故答案为A。
（9）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.putting away收拾；B.slipping away溜走；C.taking away带走；D.breaking away脱离。根据上文But the ice didn't hold，and he fell in again.This time，he couldn't get out.（但是冰撑不住了，他又掉进去了。这一次，他出不来了。）可知，他们生存的机会已经悄悄溜走了，也就是机会很小。故答案为B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.waving挥手；B.jumping跳；C.screaming尖叫；D.running跑。根据下文John Lavin，a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.（邻居约翰•拉文开车去杂货店时听到了她的声音。）可知，当安东尼的姐姐看到弟弟掉进池塘里，她就拼命喊叫求救，最终被邻居听到了。故答案为C。
（11）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.pulled over停车；B.knocked over敲打；C.took over接管；D.looked over检查。根据下句Seeing the boys，he （12）a nearby buoy （救生圈），kicked off his shoes，and ran into the water.（看到这两个落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈，踢掉了脚上的鞋，跳进了水里。）可知John Lavin听到救命声，立刻把车靠边停下。故答案为A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.extended扩展；B.grabbed抓住；C.polished润色；D.covered覆盖。根据常识和下句kicked off his shoes，and ran into the water.可知看到这两个落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈，踢掉了脚上的鞋，跳进了水里。故答案为B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.lowered降低；B.affected影响；C.monitored监控；D.examined检查。根据空前their five-minute stay in the water可知医生发现在水里待了五分钟让他们的体温下降了10度。故答案为A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.relieved减轻；B.restricted限制；C.released释放；D.recovered恢复。根据上句 Fortunately可知幸运的是，两个小孩最终完全康复了。故答案为D。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.careless粗心的；B.worthless不值得的；C.helpless无助的；D.fearless无畏的。根据下句if he were not there，I could have died可知他们说要是没有这个无畏的邻居，他们早已经死了。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了两位男孩不小心跌入冰窟窿，一位邻居见义勇为，两个男孩最终获救的故事。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】recognition
【小题2】to have accomplished
【解析】（1）考查名词的固定搭配。句意：周日，神舟14号载人飞船上的三名中国宇航员安全返回地球，他们的出色表现和贡献得到了人们的大声欢呼。in recognition of"承认"，为固定搭配，故填recognition。
（2）考查动词不定式。句意：据报道，他们在为期六个月的空间站任务中完成了许多"第一"。sb.be reported to do sth."某人被报道做某事"，动词不定式的动作发生在report之前，所以用动词不定式的完成形式，故填to have accomplished。
（3）考查冠词。句意：中国载人航天局宣布，三名宇航员陈冬、刘洋和蔡旭哲身体状况良好，神舟14号载人飞行任务圆满成功。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：天宫二号于6月5日在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，从那时起船员们就一直呆在天宫空间站。先行词为 on June 5，所以用since when"自从那时"引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：他们在距离地球400公里的轨道上运行了几个月，在执行任务期间完成了多项任务。orbit和句子主语they之间是主动关系，并且强调了发生在句子谓语动词completed之前，所以用现在分词的完成形式作状语，故填Having orbited。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：他们是第一批进入空间站两个实验舱的宇航员，他们还创造了在一次飞行任务中进行三次太空行走的记录。序数词后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to enter。
（7）考查介词的固定搭配。句意："这是通过使用新的舱口和新的小型机械臂进行太空行走的成功，让我们在空中行走，沉浸在瞬间的荣耀中。"刘洋兴奋地说。on air"在空中"，为固定搭配，故填on。
（8）考查副词。句意："这是通过使用新的舱口和新的小型机械臂进行太空行走的成功，让我们在空中行走，沉浸在瞬间的荣耀中。"刘洋兴奋地说。修饰动词，所以用副词，表示人"兴奋地"，故填excitedly。
（9）考查形容词。句意：三人与神舟15号机组人员进行了在轨轮换，这是一次历史性的聚会，使在轨空间站的工作人员首次增加到6人。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填historic。
（10）考查动词时态。句意：在此之前，一次最多只能有三名中国宇航员进入太空。描述过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态，故填had been。
这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了周日，神舟14号载人飞船上的三名中国宇航员安全返回地球的情况，并且讲述了他们在空间站所完成的任务。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear fellow students，
Faced with heavy academic arrangements，we have to bury ourselves in study for a long time，which makes our vision gradually decline.Considering its seriousness，I put forward the following initiatives on behalf of the Students' Union.【高分句型一】（目前学生的近视现状）
In the first place，take advantage of the reasonable schedule that can reduce excessive use of eyes.If so，our eyes won't be in a fatigue condition.In addition，put regular eye exercises into a good habit.They can relax our eyes，thus reducing the chance of myopia.【高分句型二】Most importantly，try to stay away from the Internet and cell phones.Otherwise，it is easy to cause myopia.（保护眼睛的具体措施）
Eyes are the windows of our hearts.With them，our life becomes colorful.Please take immediate action to cherish，love and protect our eyes.（呼吁同学们保护眼睛）
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Faced with heavy academic arrangements，we have to bury ourselves in study for a long time，which makes our vision gradually decline.Considering its seriousness，I put forward the following initiatives on behalf of the Students' Union.
翻译：面对繁重的学业安排，我们不得不长时间埋头学习，这使得我们的视力逐渐下降。考虑到问题的严重性，我代表学生会提出以下倡议。
分析：本句运用了过去分词短语Faced with heavy academic arrangements作状语，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：They can relax our eyes，thus reducing the chance of myopia.
翻译：它们可以放松我们的眼睛，从而减少近视的机会。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语thus reducing the chance of myopia作结果状语。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】"Flowers may not be as practical as food." I said. "Food will feed her for the day，but flowers will delight her for several days or longer." one of them insisted.、Looking at the bunches of blooming flowers neatly arranged there，sweet scent filling the air，I changed my mind.With my consent，the kids rushed forward，chose a bunch of beautiful purple flowers，and carefully placed it into the cart.Soon we got into the car and drove toward Mrs.Wilson's home.The little children talked and laughed on the way，unable to contain their excitement.（孩子们在超市买了食物和花给老太太）
With a food box and a bunch of flowers，we finally arrived at Mrs.Wilson's home.Mrs.Wilson，a little woman with a weary face，came to the door to welcome us.With great hospitality，she led us into her house.Her mouth was widened with joy when we carried the food box in.When one kid sent her the sweet flowers，she simply couldn't hide her excitement，tears glittering in her eyes. 【高分句型一】Holding the flowers to her nose，she seemed to regain her youth and vigor.It was at that moment that the kids had found the power they possessed to make another life better.【高分句型二】Sometimes a bunch of flowers could nourish another soul on a dark November day.（老太太看见花之后非常高兴，孩子们也觉得自己做的是正确的）
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在给无法享用美味晚餐的人购买感恩节晚餐食物的时候，在孩子的强烈要求下买了一束花。老太太看到花后脸上露出了微笑，孩子们和鲜花改变了老太太的心情和生活。
高分句型一：When one kid sent her the sweet flowers，she simply couldn't hide her excitement，tears glittering in her eyes.
译文：当一个孩子给她送上甜蜜的鲜花时，她简直无法掩饰自己的激动，眼里闪烁着泪水。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：It was at that moment that the kids had found the power they possessed to make another life better.
译文：正是在那一刻，孩子们发现了他们所拥有的力量，让另一种生活变得更好。
分析：这句话使用了强调句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二（下）开学英语试卷
A
High School Studio Workshops
Single museum visit，2.5 hours
Grades 9–12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries，followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio，where students create a related art project.
During the workshop，National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and develop theories based on their observations.
Students will have the opportunity to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.
Museum Makers：Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11–12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives upper-level high school students the tools to experience，understand and interpret art.Participants will gain an insider's view of how an art museum works.
Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10：00 am to 3：00 pm.Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing in the Galleries
Grades 7–12，90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries.Using close observation，group discussion，and personal reflection，they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms，including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accommodated （容纳） at each session.
1. What can students do during High School Studio Workshops？
A. They can experience the scenic access in the Education Studio.
B. They can be offered the opportunity to an art entrance examination.
C. They can express their opinions and develop their observation abilities.
D. They can create an artwork related to what has been seen in the galleries.
2. What do the three activities have in common？
A. They limit the number of visitors.
B. They are suitable for a 12th grader.
C. They let visitors make handicrafts.
D. They last a morning or an afternoon.
3. Where might this article be chosen？
A. A travel journal. B. A research report.
C. An art magazine. D. A teaching design.
B
From checking social media every minute to being lost in computer games，we tend to overuse technology. "For many people，a moment without your phone or laptop in sight can feel like a lifetime，" the Daily Mail commented.A team from the US-based company Toll Free Forwarding built a three-dimensional model to sniff out the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.The computer model called Mindy may persuade many people to think twice.
"Spending hours looking down at your phone strains your neck and throws your spine （脊柱） off balance，" explained Caleb Backe，a health and wellness expert in the US.Then，the muscles in our neck need to spend extra effort to support the head，making our back hunched （驼背的） and neck wide.
"The way we hold our phones can cause strain in certain points of contact – causing text claw （手机手），" Nikola Djordjevic，a physician in Serbia，told the team.It affects the elbows too，causing pain in the arm.Scientifically，it is called cubital tunnel syndrome （肘管综合征）.That's why Mindy has a 90-degree elbow，and her hands look like she's always holding a mobile phone.
Some people also commented that human evolution may not work this way.They believe that only features with actual benefits would be kept throughout the years.For example，features that can increase the rate of survival，instead of the negative impact of technology.
However，current human lifestyles still raise concerns.A model called Emma was built by researchers in the UK in 2019 to show how the way people work at their desks could change them in 20 years.The research team built Emma based on the health issues mentioned by over 3，000 workers in France，Germany and the UK.Emma's back stays bent，and her legs are swollen （肿胀的） due to the time people spend in front of computers.With little time spent outdoors and in the sun，her skin is pale，too.
4. What do the underlined words "sniff out" mean in paragraph 2？
A. Detect. B. Approach. C. Polish. D. Contradict.
5. What can we learn from the two models of Mindy and Emma？
A. They are built by the same US-based company.
B. They both have bent backs and pale skin similarly.
C. Everyone doesn't approve human will evolve the way like Mindy.
D. Emma's strange elbow is due to holding up a phone for a long time.
6. What is the author's attitude towards this research ？
A. Negative. B. Indifferent. C. Objective. D. Favorable.
7. What is the purpose of the text？
A. To compare two computer models Mindy and Emma.
B. To illustrate the reasons for overusing phone technology.
C. To address the effects caused by too much mobile phone use.
D. To remind technological dependence may change our appearance.
C
Plenty of days，temperatures in California's Mojave Desert climb above 120 degrees Fahrenheit.400 silvered glass panels，fixed into the western edge of that hot desert，are there to generate heat 15 times that amount.And，ideally，to help cool the planet too.
Made by the Pasadena-based company Heliogen，each 16-square-foot heliostat （定日镜） reflects a kilowatt of sunlight to the top of a five-story tower，where it's absorbed by a receiver.As the little black heliostat burns white，it is over 1，800 degrees.That's hot enough to begin manufacturing cement （水泥） and other industrial products—processes that typically rely on burning fossil fuels—and to potentially cut up to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Heliogen CEO Bill Gross has dreamed of taking advantage of the sun since the 1973 energy crisis，when he sold DIY solar panels.Those sales helped put him through college.Last fall，the company fired up this first array （阵列）. "It was a bit like watching a moon landing，" Gross says.
Similar arrays have been used to make electricity and tasty SunChips，and even drill for oil.But those peak around 1，000 degrees，because each heliostat has to be individually adjusted and can fall out of rank over time.With Heliogen，cameras at the top of the tower scan the sky，and image analysis software figures out the best position for each mirror，which can circle in less than 1/160 of a degree.Gross says such efficiency can deliver heat 20 percent more cheaply than fossil fuels can.
As proof of concept，Heliogen has set up a kiln （炉） at the top of the tower to directly heat limestone，a key step in making cement.This year the company plans to link with commercial partners that have the large shadowless land required.Gross is also building a receiver that can handle temperatures above 2，700 degrees.That kind of strong fire can create synthetic hydrogen （合成氢），which could replace oil-based fuels. "Civilization depends on cement and steel—our roads，travel，everything，" Gross says. "We've found a way to clean it up."
8. What is the characterristic of Heliogen's heliostat？
A. It can work around the clock in hot desert.
B. It consists of over 400 silvered glass panels.
C. Its temperature can reach over 2，700 degrees.
D. It relies on a receiver to make industrial products.
9. How does Heliogen's heliostat take effect？
A. It always circles around the sun precisely.
B. It reduces much greenhouse gas emissions.
C. It replaces nuclear fuel in the industrial field.
D. It burns itself to generate synthetic hydrogen.
10. What can we learn from Heliogen CEO Bill Gross？
A. He was excited about what his company has achieved.
B. He made a breakthrough in manufacturing cement last fall.
C. He had no related knowledge before the company establishment.
D. He promoted the cooperation with other partners in solar energy.
11. What does the last sentence "We've found a way to clean it up." mean？
A. The solar energy application to producing products is a promising reform.
B. We should remove the traditional ways of manufacturing cement and steel.
C. More cement and steel should be produced to create advanced civilization.
D. People need to use oil-based fuels to make more civilization-related products.
D
Adam Ryan，31，has worked at Target in Christiansburg，Virginia，for three years. "I have to live with my family because I can't afford rent on my own.I don't have health insurance.Target has told me I don't qualify for their benefits because I don't get enough hours，" said Ryan，who is also an organizer with Target Workers Unite，an independent initiative of Target workers.He makes 13 an hour，the hourly minimum a geat Target since June2022，which is scheduled to increase to15 an hour by the end of 2023.
But Ryan and several other Target workers say Target is cutting their schedules and doubling their workload as it increases minimum wage under its 'modernization plan' to increase efficiency.They think that broader influences in the retail sector （零售业） are responsible for their difficulty – especially，the actions of their hard-charging rival Amazon.
"They're responding to what Amazon is doing，" Ryan added. "They are trying to turn these stores into their own distribution centers，using brick-and-mortar stores （实体店）.We have to be warehouse workers and customer service workers."
Target Workers Unite recently released a survey of more than 500 Target workers around the US，representing 382 different stores in 44 states.Only 12.7% of the workers who responded said they could survive on the wages from Target alone，with 56% of workers citing they have ran out of food while employed at Target，and 12.8% of workers reported experiencing homelessness.
The survey also provides some insight into Target's opposition to workers organizing.Many workers surveyed report they have been scolded by management for discussing workplace issues in the store or on social media.
As Target workers report struggling to make ends meet while experiencing cuts to their schedules，loss of benefits，and increased workloads，Target reported record share prices （股价） at the end of 2022，consistently beating predictions of sales and profits in 2022 and finding a balance between physical stores and digital commerce.The retail chain is ranked the eighth-largest retail corporation in the US based on sales.Target is preparing for the arguments against the workers' survey's finding and claims from workers over working conditions and schedule cuts.
12. What can we know from the modernization plan of Target？
A. It has not received widespread support from employees.
B. It means less work hours which can benefit both parties.
C. Only a few employees can be laid off when it is in effect.
D. New employees suffer more for lack of much experience.
13. What does the survey by Target Workers Unite indicate？
A. Half workers could not find enough food to live on.
B. Workers' living conditions were actually not optimistic.
C. Target workers began to realize that they had been cheated.
D. It was inhuman to make some employees transfer their positions.
14. What message does this passage convey to readers？
A. Target tried to struggle for their workers' benefits and welfare.
B. Target conducted the modernization plan，but failed in the end.
C. Target raised much money to cope with workers' financial problems.
D. Target raised wages，but with less working hours and more workload.
15. What might the following paragraph talk about？
A. Target drops the plan because of workers' claims.
B. Details of how Target defends itself are presented.
C. The writer explains why Target achieved a success.
D. Amazon encounters similar problems from workers.
How to Make Your Holiday Wonderful
Don't want to spend a holiday alone feeling blue？ （1）
1.Don't Force Cheer
At family gatherings，when your relatives make some untruthful compliments （赞美），you will probably try to force a smile. （2） But a 2011 study by researchers at Michigan State University might make you think twice.They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks，looking to see when they force a happy face at their passengers.The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to pretend to have a good mood，their actual moods got worse.
2.Don't Suppress （压制） Sadness
The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers from Stanford University，who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only worsen when we try to suppress them. （3） Expressing our sadness can help us get comfort and compassion from those who care about us.By contrast，suppressing our emotions can actually harm our relationships.
3.Respond Mindfully
（4） When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger （诱因），you pause rather than reacting.Instead of blaming yourself，you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong.Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of negative emotions we experience. （5） Inevitably，the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows.Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.
A.A smile might seem like the most mature response.
B.And mindfulness is a skill you can develop over time.
C.So trying to hide their feelings seems to lead to an opposite result.
D.Psychological research suggests some effective ways to help beat the holiday blues.
E.Instead，if properly understood，they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life.
F.Recently，scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness.
G.That's because we feel worse when we try to control and hide our negative inner feelings.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Cruz Genet，11，and Anthony Skopick，10，couldn't agree.Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese？There was only one way to find out.So on a chilly January evening，the two friends ventured （冒险） onto the （1） pond near their homes in Frankfort，Illinois，to get a better look.First they threw a rock onto the ice to （2） it.Cruz told NBC 5 Chicago. "Then we stepped on it." （3） the ice would hold their weight，Anthony took a few steps.Then he crashed through the （4） frozen surface. "There was no sound，no crack." he told NBC 5 Chicago. "I just fell through instantly."
Cruz rushed to help his （5） friend.However，the pond （6） him too.Cruz managed to lift himself out of the extremely cold water and onto a more （7） section.He then （8） worked his way toward Anthony.But the ice didn't hold，and he fell in again.This time，he couldn't get out.
The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs.Any chance of their freeing themselves was （9） .Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthony's older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started （10） for help.
John Lavin，a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.He quickly （11） .Seeing the boys，he （12） a nearby buoy （救生圈），kicked off his shoes，and ran into the water.Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and pulled them back to land.They were taken to the hospital，where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water had （13） their body temperature nearly ten degrees.
Fortunately，the boys have fully （14） ，though they are still a little amazed by their （15） neighbor.
"Just to think，" says Cruz， "if he were not there，I could have died."
21. A. calm B. frozen C. bitter D. tough
22. A. bury B. test C. spread D. dig
23. A. Confused B. Amazed C. Convinced D. Annoyed
24. A. seemingly B. appropriately C. alternatively D. constantly
25. A. optimistic B. hesitant C. panicked D. tolerant
26. A. shifted B. swallowed C. struck D. swept
27. A. flat B. smooth C. rough D. solid
28. A. cautiously B. ultimately C. passively D. greedily
29. A. putting away B. slipping away C. taking away D. breaking away
30. A. waving B. jumping C. screaming D. running
31. A. pulled over B. knocked over C. took over D. looked over
32. A. extended B. grabbed C. polished D. covered
33. A. lowered B. affected C. monitored D. examined
34. A. relieved B. restricted C. released D. recovered
35. A. careless B. worthless C. helpless D. fearless
36. Three Chinese astronauts aboard the Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship returned to Earth safely on Sunday and were loudly cheered in （1） （recognize） of their outstanding performance and commitment.They were reported （2） （accomplish） many "firsts" during their six-month space station mission.
The three astronauts Chen Dong，Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe were all in good physical condition，and the Shenzhou-14 manned mission was （3） complete success，the China Manned Space Agency announced.The spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 5，since （4） the crew have stayed in the Tiangong space station. （5） （orbit） 400 kilometers above the Earth for several months，they completed multiple tasks during their mission.
The Shenzhou-14 astronauts helped accomplish many "firsts" in China's space history，including the first rendezvous and docking between two 20-tonne-level spacecraft and the first in-orbit transposition of a space station module.
They are the first crew （6） （enter） the space station's two lab modules，and they set a record of making three spacewalks on a single flight mission. "It is the success in conducting spacewalks by using a new hatch （舱门） and a new small robotic arm that has us walking （7） air，lost in the glory of the moment." Liu Yang said （8） （excite）.
The trio conducted an in-orbit rotation （对接） with the Shenzhou-15 crew，a （9） （history） gathering that added the workforce at the in-orbit space station to six for the first time.Previously，there （10） （be） at most three Chinese astronauts in space at a time.
(1)
(2)
37. 假设你是李华，针对当前学生的近视问题，你代表学生会发出了"保护眼睛"的倡议。内容包括：
（1）目前学生的近视现状；
（2）保护眼睛的具体措施；
（3）呼吁同学们保护眼睛。
注意：
（1）词数应为80字左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）倡议书的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
（4）参考词汇：myopia n.近视 short-sighted adj.近视的
Dear fellow students，
________________
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
38. Thanksgiving for the Soul Working as a primary teacher in Pompton Lakes Primary School，New Jersey，I particularly believed in cultivating love in children from an early age.I wanted children to experience that it's more blessed to give than to receive.I wanted them to understand that love of society and love of life is not just lip service；that people somehow have to make it come alive.I hoped they could experience a sense of their own power to make a difference.
There was a rural area nearby where a lot of aged people lived in solitude （孤独）.They either had no family or their children had left to work in big cities.Most of them lived on government aid to keep body and soul together.An agency，which was in charge of the elder people in this region，had once told me about a needy grandmother，Mrs.Wilson，who had lived alone for many years.I had always desired to do something for her.So I came up with the Thanksgiving plan.
In October，I told the eight-year-olds in my class about my plan. "I'd like all of you to do extra jobs around the house to earn some money，" I said. "Then we'll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for a needy grandma who might not have a nice dinner otherwise."
Early in Thanksgiving week，the boys and girls arrived in class clutching （紧握） their hard-earned money.They had cleared rubbish，set tables，washed dishes，helped with younger siblings.And now they couldn't wait to go shopping.
I watched while they ran up and down the supermarket aisles （货架通道）.At last we headed toward the checkout，pushing a cart filled with turkey and all the trimmings （配料）.Then someone spotted a "necessity"—flowers，which caught their attention.All kids ran toward the holiday flowers，with one proposing， "Flowers!We can buy her a bunch of flowers!"
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"Flowers may not be as practical as food." I said.________________
With a food box and a bunch of flowers，we finally arrived at Mrs.Wilson's home.________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Grades 9–12部分Students will have the opportunity to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.（学生将有机会在工作室创作一件艺术作品，灵感来自他们在画廊中看到的东西。）可知学生在高中工作室工作坊期间可以创作与画廊中所见相关的艺术品。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据每一部分的Grades 9–12（9-12年级）；Grades 11–12（11-12年级）；Grades 7–12，90 minutes（7–12年级，90分钟）可知这三项活动的共同点是它们适合12年级学生。故选B。
（3）文章出处题。阅读全文以及根据题目High School Studio Workshops（高中工作室工作坊）可知文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。所以来自于一本艺术杂志。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家美术馆的高中课程。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】A、C、C、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段A team from the US-based company Toll Free Forwarding built a three-dimensional model to sniff out the negative effects technology can have on human bodies in less than 800 years.（总部位于美国的免费货运公司（Toll Free Forwarding）的一个团队建立了一个三维模型，以探查技术在不到800年内可能对人体产生的负面影响。）可知 "sniff out" 意为"探查"和detect意思接近。A.Detect探查；B.Approach靠近；C.Polish磨光；D.Contradict冲突。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Some people also commented that human evolution may not work this way.（一些人还评论说，人类进化可能不会这样。）可知并不是所有的人都认为技术会影响人类进化。故选C。
（3）观点态度题。本文作者主要是客观地阐述了一些研究者、媒体和大众的观点和评论。如 "the Daily Mail commented.（《每日邮报》评论道。）；...explained Caleb Backe（Caleb Backe解释）；Nikola Djordjevic，...told the team（Nikola Djordjevic……告诉团队）， "Some people also commented that...（一些人也评论说……）等表达方式充分证明了作者对此事的客观态度。A.Negative消极的；B.Indifferent不以为然的；C.Objective客观的；D.Favorable支持的。故选C。
（4）写作意图题。文章通过介绍两个模型揭示了过度使用先进技术会影响人类的外貌和体型这一现象，阐述了未来人类进化或受电子设备的影响。提醒技术依赖可能会改变我们的外表。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们用计算机模型来证明"过度使用技术，对人类产生的负面影响"。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】D、B、A、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Made by the Pasadena-based company Heliogen，each 16-square-foot heliostat （定日镜） reflects a kilowatt of sunlight to the top of a five-story tower，where it's absorbed by a receiver.As the little black heliostat burns white，it is over 1，800 degrees.That's hot enough to begin manufacturing cement （水泥） and other industrial products—processes that typically rely on burning fossil fuels—and to potentially cut up to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.（由总部位于帕萨迪纳的Heliogen公司制造，每个16平方英尺的定日镜将一千瓦的阳光反射到五层楼高的塔顶，在那里被接收器吸收。当黑色的定日镜燃烧成白色时，温度超过了1800华氏度。这样的温度足以开始制造水泥和其他工业产品--通常依赖于燃烧化石燃料的过程--并有可能减少全球10%的温室气体排放。）可知，定日镜的特点是依靠接收器来制造工业产品。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句话As the little black heliostat burns white，it is over 1，800 degrees.That's hot enough to begin manufacturing cement （水泥） and other industrial products—processes that typically rely on burning fossil fuels—and to potentially cut up to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.（由总部位于帕萨迪纳的Heliogen公司制造，每个16平方英尺的定日镜将一千瓦的阳光反射到五层楼高的塔顶，在那里被接收器吸收。当黑色的定日镜燃烧成白色时，温度超过了1800华氏度。这样的温度足以开始制造水泥和其他工业产品--通常依赖于燃烧化石燃料的过程--并有可能减少全球10%的温室气体排放。）可知，Heliogen的定日镜能够产生制造一些工业品的能量，从而避免使用石化燃料，这也就相当于减少了温室气体的排放，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段的后两句Those sales helped put him through college.Last fall，the company fired up this first array （阵列）. "It was a bit like watching a moon landing，" Gross says.（去年秋天，该公司启动了第一个阵列。格罗斯说："这有点像观看登月。"）可知，Gross对公司取得的成绩感到兴奋，故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段As proof of concept，Heliogen has set up a kiln （炉） at the top of the tower to directly heat limestone，a key step in making cement.This year the company plans to link with commercial partners that have the large shadowless land required.Gross is also building a receiver that can handle temperatures above 2，700 degrees.That kind of strong fire can create synthetic hydrogen （合成氢），which could replace oil-based fuels. "Civilization depends on cement and steel—our roads，travel，everything，" Gross says. "We've found a way to clean it up."（作为概念的证明，Heliogen在塔顶建立了一个窑炉，直接加热石灰石，这是制造水泥的关键步骤。今年，该公司计划与拥有所需大片无影土地的商业合作伙伴建立联系。格罗斯还在建造一个可以承受2700华氏度以上温度的接收器。这种强烈的火焰可以产生合成氢，可以取代石油燃料。"文明依赖于水泥和钢铁--我们的道路，旅行，一切，"格罗斯说。"我们已经找到了清理它的方法。"）可知，最后一句"我们已经找到了清理它的方法"意思是用太阳能来取代石化燃料，这是一项有前景的改革。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Gross的公司利用太阳能新技术来取代石化燃料制造工业产品，既可以降低成本又可以有效减少温室气体的排放。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】A、B、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段第一句But Ryan and several other Target workers say Target is cutting their schedules and doubling their workload as it increases minimum wage under its 'modernization plan' to increase efficiency.（但瑞安和塔吉特公司的其他几名员工说，该公司正在削减他们的工作时间，并将他们的工作量增加了一倍，因为该公司根据"现代化计划"提高了最低工资，以提高效率。）和最后一段最后一句话Target is preparing for the arguments against the workers' survey's finding and claims from workers over working conditions and schedule cuts.（塔吉特公司正在准备反驳工人调查结果的论点，以及工人对工作条件和工作时间削减的要求。）可知，Target的现代化计划中削减员工的工作时间，并将他们的工作量增加了一倍，遭到员工的反对。结合选项A.It has not received widespread support from employees.它没有得到员工的广泛支持；B.It means less work hours which can benefit both parties.这意味着更少的工作时间，对双方都有利；C.Only a few employees can be laid off when it is in effect.当它生效时，只有少数员工可以被解雇；D.New employees suffer more for lack of much experience.新员工因为缺乏经验而更痛苦。分析可知，A项符合文意。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段Target Workers Unite recently released a survey of more than 500 Target workers around the US，representing 382 different stores in 44 states.Only 12.7% of the workers who responded said they could survive on the wages from Target alone，with 56% of workers citing they have ran out of food while employed at Target，and 12.8% of workers reported experiencing homelessness.（Target Workers Unite最近发布了一项针对美国各地500多名塔吉特员工的调查，他们代表了44个州的382家不同的商店。只有12.7%的受访员工表示，他们仅靠塔吉特的工资就能生存，56%的员工表示，他们在塔吉特工作期间吃完了食物，12.8%的员工表示无家可归。）可知，被调查者的生存状况不容乐观，故选B。
（3）主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段Adam Ryan，31，has worked at Target in Christiansburg，Virginia，for three years. "I have to live with my family because I can't afford rent on my own.I don't have health insurance.Target has told me I don't qualify for their benefits because I don't get enough hours，" said Ryan，who is also an organizer with Target Workers Unite，an independent initiative of Target workers.He makes 13 an hour，the hourly minimum a geat Target since June2022，which is scheduled to increase to15 an hour by the end of 2023.（31岁的亚当•瑞安在弗吉尼亚州克里斯蒂安斯堡的塔吉特百货工作了三年。"我必须和家人住在一起，因为我自己付不起房租。我没有医疗保险。塔吉特公司告诉我，我没有资格享受他们的福利，因为我的工作时间不够，"瑞安说。他也是塔吉特公司员工独立倡议--Target Workers Unite的组织者之一。他每小时赚13美元，这是自2022年6月以来的最低每小时目标，计划到2023年底增加到每小时15美元。）和第二段But Ryan and several other Target workers say Target is cutting their schedules and doubling their workload as it increases minimum wage under its 'modernization plan' to increase efficiency.They think that broader influences in the retail sector （零售业） are responsible for their difficulty – especially，the actions of their hard-charging rival Amazon.（但瑞安和塔吉特公司的其他几名员工说，该公司正在削减他们的工作时间，并将他们的工作量增加了一倍，因为该公司根据"现代化计划"提高了最低工资，以提高效率。他们认为，零售业的广泛影响是造成他们困境的原因，尤其是劲敌亚马逊的行为。）可知，本文主要讲述了Target公司推行的现代化计划以及员工相对应的反应。在这个计划的执行过程中，劳资双方的矛盾在于工资、劳动时间和工作量三个方面。结合选项A.Target tried to struggle for their workers' benefits and welfare.塔吉特公司试图为他们的工人争取福利；B.Target conducted the modernization plan，but failed in the end.Target进行了现代化计划，但最终失败了；C.Target raised much money to cope with workers' financial problems.塔吉特公司筹集了很多钱来解决工人的财务问题；D.Target raised wages，but with less working hours and more workload.目标公司提高了工资，但工作时间减少了，工作量增加了。分析可知，D项是这篇文章向读者传达的信息，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话Target is preparing for the arguments against the workers' survey's finding and claims from workers over working conditions and schedule cuts.（塔吉特公司正在准备反驳工人调查结果的论点，以及工人对工作条件和工作时间削减的要求。）可知，Target公司反对员工组织的调查结果和工人对工作条件和时间表削减的诉求；再结合最后一段提及的Target公司现在的股价和在美国的市场地位可以推论，Target公司会提出更多反驳的理由。结合选项A.Target drops the plan because of workers' claims.塔吉特公司因为工人的要求而放弃了计划；B.Details of how Target defends itself are presented.介绍了Target如何自我辩护的细节；C.The writer explains why Target achieved a success.作者解释了塔吉特百货公司取得成功的原因；D.Amazon encounters similar problems from workers.亚马逊遇到了来自工人的类似问题。分析可知，B项是下一段要谈论的内容。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Target公司推行的现代化计划以及员工相对应的反应。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】D、A、G、F、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文Don't want to spend a holiday alone feeling blue？（不想独自度过一个忧郁的假期吗？）可知，所以心理学研究提供了一些有效的方法来战胜假日忧郁。D选项"Psychological research suggests some effective ways to help beat the holiday blues.心理学研究提出了一些有效的方法来帮助克服节日忧郁。"符合语境，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。第二小节的副标题是Don't Force Cheer。根据上文At family gatherings，when your relatives make some untruthful compliments （赞美），you will probably try to force a smile.（在家庭聚会上，当你的亲戚做出一些不真实的赞美时，你可能会忍不住装出一副高兴的样子，）可知，A选项"A smile might seem like the most mature response.笑似乎是最成熟的回应"。符合语境。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据上文The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers from Stanford University，who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only worsen when we try to suppress them.（斯坦福大学的研究人员可以解释公交车司机研究的结果，他们发现，悲伤或愤怒等负面情绪只有在我们试图抑制它们时才会恶化。）可知，这是因为当我们努力控制或隐藏负面的内在情绪时，我们感受更糟。前后句子之间属于因果关系，前后句之间人称是矛盾的。G选项"That's because we feel worse when we try to control and hide our negative inner feelings.当我们试图抑制悲伤或愤怒等负面情绪时，它们只会变得更糟。"符合语境。故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据下文When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger （诱因），you pause rather than reacting.Instead of blaming yourself，you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong.（当你对情绪触发做出谨慎的反应时，你会暂停而不是做出反应。与其责备自己，你只是注意到自己的感受，而不去判断这种反应是对是错。）可知，是统领这一小节的主题句。副标题Respond Mindfully与F项中的the benefits of mindfulness对应，F选项"Recently，scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness.最近，科学家们特别关注正念的益处。"符合语境。故选F。
（5）推理判断题。根据下文Inevitably，the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows.Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being.（不可避免地，假期将带来高潮和低谷的混合。也许要记住的最重要的一课是，这种各种各样的情绪可能是对你的整体幸福感最好的事情。）可知，正念的好处以及正念是一种可以慢慢培养的技能，前后属于并列关系，B选项"And mindfulness is a skill you can develop over time.正念是一种你可以随着时间发展的技能。"符合语境。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如何让假期过得更美好的一些建议。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项，得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】B、B、C、A、C、B、D、A、B、C、A、B、A、D、D
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.calm冷静的；B.frozen结冰的；C.bitter苦的；D.tough艰难的。根据下文threw a rock onto the ice（把一块石头扔到冰上）可知，这个池塘是结冰的。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.bury埋葬；B.test检测；C.spread传播；D.dig挖掘。根据下句 the ice would hold their weight，Anthony took a few steps（在确定冰可以承受他们的重量时，其中一个小男孩Anthony走了几步。）可知两个小孩决定冒险之前也做了一些准备工作，首先扔一块石头到池塘上是为了测试冰的结实度。故答案为B。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.Confused困惑的；B.Amazed惊讶的；C.Convinced信服的，确信的；D.Annoyed生气的。根据下句Anthony took a few steps可知其中一个小男孩Anthony走了几步。说明确定了冰可以承受他们的重量。故答案为C。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.seemingly表面上看；B.appropriately大约；C.alternatively或者；D.constantly持续地。根据下文I just fell through instantly（我立刻掉进了冰里）可知，冰面并不结实，池塘只是看起来是冻结实的。故答案为A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.optimistic乐观的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.panicked恐慌的；D.tolerant忍受的。根据上句I just fell through instantly（我立刻掉进了冰里）可知Cruz立刻冲过去救他的朋友，而面对这一突发事件，Anthony当时一定非常惊恐。故答案为C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.shifted切换；B.swallowed吞咽；C.struck袭击；D.swept打扫。根据上句 Cruz rushed to help his （5）friend（Cruz立刻冲过去救他的朋友）和However表示转折，可知，他并没有救成功，反而池塘也吞噬了他。故答案为B。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flat平坦的；B.smooth平滑的；C.rough粗糙的；D.solid固体的，稳固的。根据上句Cruz managed to lift himself out of the extremely cold water可知Cruz并没有放弃，成功地从水里出来并把自己移到了一块相对稳固的地方。故答案为D。
（8）考查副词及语境理解。A.cautiously谨慎地；B.ultimately最后；C.passively消极地；D.greedily贪婪地。根据前文However，the pond （6）him too（然而，池塘也吞噬了他）可知Cruz接下来继续朝着他好朋友的方向移动，但这一次他非常小心谨慎。故答案为A。
（9）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.putting away收拾；B.slipping away溜走；C.taking away带走；D.breaking away脱离。根据上文But the ice didn't hold，and he fell in again.This time，he couldn't get out.（但是冰撑不住了，他又掉进去了。这一次，他出不来了。）可知，他们生存的机会已经悄悄溜走了，也就是机会很小。故答案为B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.waving挥手；B.jumping跳；C.screaming尖叫；D.running跑。根据下文John Lavin，a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.（邻居约翰•拉文开车去杂货店时听到了她的声音。）可知，当安东尼的姐姐看到弟弟掉进池塘里，她就拼命喊叫求救，最终被邻居听到了。故答案为C。
（11）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.pulled over停车；B.knocked over敲打；C.took over接管；D.looked over检查。根据下句Seeing the boys，he （12）a nearby buoy （救生圈），kicked off his shoes，and ran into the water.（看到这两个落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈，踢掉了脚上的鞋，跳进了水里。）可知John Lavin听到救命声，立刻把车靠边停下。故答案为A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.extended扩展；B.grabbed抓住；C.polished润色；D.covered覆盖。根据常识和下句kicked off his shoes，and ran into the water.可知看到这两个落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈，踢掉了脚上的鞋，跳进了水里。故答案为B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.lowered降低；B.affected影响；C.monitored监控；D.examined检查。根据空前their five-minute stay in the water可知医生发现在水里待了五分钟让他们的体温下降了10度。故答案为A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.relieved减轻；B.restricted限制；C.released释放；D.recovered恢复。根据上句 Fortunately可知幸运的是，两个小孩最终完全康复了。故答案为D。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.careless粗心的；B.worthless不值得的；C.helpless无助的；D.fearless无畏的。根据下句if he were not there，I could have died可知他们说要是没有这个无畏的邻居，他们早已经死了。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了两位男孩不小心跌入冰窟窿，一位邻居见义勇为，两个男孩最终获救的故事。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】recognition
【小题2】to have accomplished
【解析】（1）考查名词的固定搭配。句意：周日，神舟14号载人飞船上的三名中国宇航员安全返回地球，他们的出色表现和贡献得到了人们的大声欢呼。in recognition of"承认"，为固定搭配，故填recognition。
（2）考查动词不定式。句意：据报道，他们在为期六个月的空间站任务中完成了许多"第一"。sb.be reported to do sth."某人被报道做某事"，动词不定式的动作发生在report之前，所以用动词不定式的完成形式，故填to have accomplished。
（3）考查冠词。句意：中国载人航天局宣布，三名宇航员陈冬、刘洋和蔡旭哲身体状况良好，神舟14号载人飞行任务圆满成功。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：天宫二号于6月5日在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，从那时起船员们就一直呆在天宫空间站。先行词为 on June 5，所以用since when"自从那时"引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：他们在距离地球400公里的轨道上运行了几个月，在执行任务期间完成了多项任务。orbit和句子主语they之间是主动关系，并且强调了发生在句子谓语动词completed之前，所以用现在分词的完成形式作状语，故填Having orbited。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：他们是第一批进入空间站两个实验舱的宇航员，他们还创造了在一次飞行任务中进行三次太空行走的记录。序数词后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to enter。
（7）考查介词的固定搭配。句意："这是通过使用新的舱口和新的小型机械臂进行太空行走的成功，让我们在空中行走，沉浸在瞬间的荣耀中。"刘洋兴奋地说。on air"在空中"，为固定搭配，故填on。
（8）考查副词。句意："这是通过使用新的舱口和新的小型机械臂进行太空行走的成功，让我们在空中行走，沉浸在瞬间的荣耀中。"刘洋兴奋地说。修饰动词，所以用副词，表示人"兴奋地"，故填excitedly。
（9）考查形容词。句意：三人与神舟15号机组人员进行了在轨轮换，这是一次历史性的聚会，使在轨空间站的工作人员首次增加到6人。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填historic。
（10）考查动词时态。句意：在此之前，一次最多只能有三名中国宇航员进入太空。描述过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态，故填had been。
这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了周日，神舟14号载人飞船上的三名中国宇航员安全返回地球的情况，并且讲述了他们在空间站所完成的任务。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear fellow students，
Faced with heavy academic arrangements，we have to bury ourselves in study for a long time，which makes our vision gradually decline.Considering its seriousness，I put forward the following initiatives on behalf of the Students' Union.【高分句型一】（目前学生的近视现状）
In the first place，take advantage of the reasonable schedule that can reduce excessive use of eyes.If so，our eyes won't be in a fatigue condition.In addition，put regular eye exercises into a good habit.They can relax our eyes，thus reducing the chance of myopia.【高分句型二】Most importantly，try to stay away from the Internet and cell phones.Otherwise，it is easy to cause myopia.（保护眼睛的具体措施）
Eyes are the windows of our hearts.With them，our life becomes colorful.Please take immediate action to cherish，love and protect our eyes.（呼吁同学们保护眼睛）
Yours sincerely， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Faced with heavy academic arrangements，we have to bury ourselves in study for a long time，which makes our vision gradually decline.Considering its seriousness，I put forward the following initiatives on behalf of the Students' Union.
翻译：面对繁重的学业安排，我们不得不长时间埋头学习，这使得我们的视力逐渐下降。考虑到问题的严重性，我代表学生会提出以下倡议。
分析：本句运用了过去分词短语Faced with heavy academic arrangements作状语，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：They can relax our eyes，thus reducing the chance of myopia.
翻译：它们可以放松我们的眼睛，从而减少近视的机会。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语thus reducing the chance of myopia作结果状语。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】"Flowers may not be as practical as food." I said. "Food will feed her for the day，but flowers will delight her for several days or longer." one of them insisted.、Looking at the bunches of blooming flowers neatly arranged there，sweet scent filling the air，I changed my mind.With my consent，the kids rushed forward，chose a bunch of beautiful purple flowers，and carefully placed it into the cart.Soon we got into the car and drove toward Mrs.Wilson's home.The little children talked and laughed on the way，unable to contain their excitement.（孩子们在超市买了食物和花给老太太）
With a food box and a bunch of flowers，we finally arrived at Mrs.Wilson's home.Mrs.Wilson，a little woman with a weary face，came to the door to welcome us.With great hospitality，she led us into her house.Her mouth was widened with joy when we carried the food box in.When one kid sent her the sweet flowers，she simply couldn't hide her excitement，tears glittering in her eyes. 【高分句型一】Holding the flowers to her nose，she seemed to regain her youth and vigor.It was at that moment that the kids had found the power they possessed to make another life better.【高分句型二】Sometimes a bunch of flowers could nourish another soul on a dark November day.（老太太看见花之后非常高兴，孩子们也觉得自己做的是正确的）
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在给无法享用美味晚餐的人购买感恩节晚餐食物的时候，在孩子的强烈要求下买了一束花。老太太看到花后脸上露出了微笑，孩子们和鲜花改变了老太太的心情和生活。
高分句型一：When one kid sent her the sweet flowers，she simply couldn't hide her excitement，tears glittering in her eyes.
译文：当一个孩子给她送上甜蜜的鲜花时，她简直无法掩饰自己的激动，眼里闪烁着泪水。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：It was at that moment that the kids had found the power they possessed to make another life better.
译文：正是在那一刻，孩子们发现了他们所拥有的力量，让另一种生活变得更好。
分析：这句话使用了强调句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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