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2022-2023学年福建省泉州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷
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这是一份2022-2023学年福建省泉州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年福建省泉州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
There are three things you can watch forever：news，videos and water.Among them，water is definitely something no one argues about，and there are many unusual water attractions that you can find around the world.
Bangkok Floating Markets
There are many floating markets where goods are sold from boats.While modern markets are more popular，floating markets are still a huge attraction for local tourism.Any visitors can purchase local foods and traditional handcrafted（手工的） souvenirs.Bargaining is a part of the experience.So，start low and get the price you are ready to pay.
Bregenzer Festspiele
The Bregenz Festival is held every year from July to August in Vorarlberg.It has the world's largest stage on the water.The performances are different every year but they are usually united by one theme.The decorations are very impressive and are worth seeing.
Marina Bay Stadium
This stadium was built as a temporary solution while Singapore National Stadium was being rebuilt.The stadium was used for the opening and closing ceremonies during the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics.It was a floating platform where the Formula One Grand Prix event was successfully held.
Archipelago Cinema
Archipelago Cinema is probably one of the world's most scenic open-air cinemas that floats in the middle of a lake.The cinema was designed by German architect Ole Scheeren，who built it using techniques popular among local people.This cinema stage was built specially for the film festival Film on the Rocks Yao Noi.
1. What is special about Bangkok Floating Markets？ ______
A. Local foods are free to taste.
B. Visitors can make boats by themselves.
C. Performances on water are impressive to see.
D. Bargaining for a good price is an experience.
2. Which one was used for Formula One Grand Prix event？ ______
A. Marina Bay Stadium. B. Archipelago Cinema.
C. Bregenzer Festspiele. D. Bangkok Floating Markets.
3. What do Marina Bay Stadium and Archipelago Cinema have in common？ ______
A. They both hold ceremonies every year.
B. They both used local building techniques.
C. They both provide visitors with sports events.
D. They were both built for a special purpose.
B
In 2007，Bianca Valenti had an experience which nearly killed her.When she paddled out at Ocean Beach in San Francisco，she met a wave the length of a garage and as tall as a two-story house.
"The second I went under water，I was just getting knocked and spun every which way.And then my feet touched the sand bottom there.I swam to the surface.At this point my lungs were burning painfully.I just thought to myself，'If there's one more wave after this，I'm going to die.' Luckily there wasn't another wave." That was when Valenti knew she had the drive and skill to surf big waves.
By 2014，Valenti surfed and won her first big waves contest at Nelscott Reef in Oregon.There，she met fellow professionals Paige Alms，Andrea Moller，and Keala Kennelly. "Two things got me fired up at that point，" she said. "I wanted to have the opportunity to win more events，but there weren't more events for women.Also I noticed that just the sight of women surfing big waves was opening people's minds...That's really annoying." Luckily，Valenti，Alms，Moller，and Kennelly became a dynamic foursome and decided to stick together，support each other，and then fight together.
The four surfers formed Committee for Equity in Women's Surfing（CEWS）to fight for entrance at Mavericks—a contest set in the surfing location of the same name，north of Half Moon Bay.Mavericks was invitation-only and was open to only men when CEWS was formed.Now，through the organization's hard work with the State of California，women are awarded12 spots to surf.
When Valenti was young，there weren't many women represented in surfing culture. "I think it's important for young kids to have all kinds of role models.That way they know all the people who they see as superheroes are just normal people who have crazy dreams.And sometimes the dreams aren't even that crazy.If you work hard and you stick together with your friends，you can do anything.You can move mountains."
4. What inspired Valenti to surf big waves？ ______
A. Her gift in learning surfing skills.
B. Her near-death experience in 2007.
C. Her courage to challenge men surfers.
D. Her ambition to be the best role model.
5. What does the underlined phrase "fired up" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Depressed. D. Concerned.
6. What do we know about Mavericks in Valenti's time？ ______
A. It was named after the bay.
B. All surfers were admitted to it freely.
C. It opened 12 spots for women surfers.
D. Surfers could only attend it by invitation.
7. Which of the following phrases can best describe Valenti？ ______
A. Ambitious and courageous. B. Emotional and stubborn.
C. Tough and impractical. D. Simple-minded and helpful.
C
Let's say you want to purchase a camera，and you're comparing two different advertisements.In one，the pictures，colors，and instructions make the information easy to read.The other has an unclear style that takes more time for you to understand.If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement，new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that，over time，you'll likely be happier with your choice.
In a paper co-authored by Gaurav Jain，an assistant professor of marketing in the Lally School of Management at Rensselaer，researchers found that nonstop stimuli（刺激），or the difficulty for an individual to process a message，increases people's attitudes toward that message after a time delay.
"This research has a real-life impact，" Jain said. "Most of the time，marketing communicators try to make their message clear.What we learned，however，is that there are certain times，especially when people need to make choices，when we should actually use nonstop stimuli so that whatever people are choosing，they will like it once time has passed."
Using primary data collection designed by Jain of about 500 diverse individuals，researchers also found that consumers judge the time spent in the decision-making process wrongly.Rather than recognizing that the lengthy decision came from trying to understand the information，when looking back on the process，consumers instead believe they spent the time on making the decision.This leads the consumer to believe the decision they made was informed and worthy.
These findings are meaningful for marketing communications in many fields.
"When people are making decisions，" Jain said，"like choosing insurance products，retirement funds，or even when choosing an elected official，marketers and designers need to remember that if we can make an individual spend some time in that choosing process，it's more likely people will stick with the option they chose over time."
Jain says that when consumers' attitudes about a product increase，the impact on post-purchase decisions like returns and reviews of the product will be more favorable to the brand.
8. How does the author introduce the topic？ ______
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By using others' words. D. By showing people's reviews.
9. What should marketing communicators do according to Gaurav Jain？ ______
A. Make their message short.
B. Make their message attractive.
C. Make their message easy to understand.
D. Make their message hard to understand.
10. In which aspect can this discovery be used for marketers？ ______
A. Writing a paper. B. Selling a product.
C. Choosing a camera. D. Designing a new brand.
11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Time Delay：What is it
B. Suggestions to the Marketers
C. How to Make Consumers Happy
D. Difficult Decision，Satisfactory Choice
D
Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within us. Weˈre made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress weˈve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together lifeˈs inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileoˈs telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biologyˈs infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that scienceˈs inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, itˈs all star-stuff.
12. Why does the author quote Carl Saganˈs comment in Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea.
13. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study approaches B. system management
C. research facilities D. technology integration
14. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologistsˈ work is ________.
A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular
15. As for life science, which would the author agree with?
A. It has received universal recognition.
B. It should enjoy priority in development.
C. It can be applied in the majority of areas.
D. It is more complicated than space science.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. (16) If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). (17)
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someoneˈs behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. (18) One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. (19) Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
(20) Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A．Why are boundaries important?
B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F．Your values and ethical standards donˈt match with your companyˈs, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
In Bothell，Washington.First，somebody showed up with balloons.Then a（1） ______ .Then a big Happy Birthday banner（2） ______ next to the Beca's Coffee stand.And people just kept showing up.It was a party — just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack.May 10 was his birthday，and she wanted to（3） ______ him.
Jack，32，born with developmental disabilities loves people.Beca，30，thought he was wonderful.So she（4） ______ an arrangement：If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window，she'd give him a free drink.Pretty soon，an hour turned into the whole day.Beca gave him a（n）（5） ______ . "It's（6） ______ ，" Jack told KOMO News. "I love chatting with people here，and she pays me a lot of money!"
（ 7） ______ not everybody appreciated Jack's enthusiasm. "One customer was extremely（8） ______ ，" she says.（9） ______ this，she posted Jack's story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday.Without any planning，（10） ______ showed up to celebrate his birthday，and he（11） ______ everyone with a hug.
Inspired by the spontaneous（自发的）good spirit，Beca suggested Bothell（12） ______ every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day.The city agreed.On the first Cup of Kindness Day，Beca（13） ______ her shop and delivered cookies to police officers，（14） ______ ，teachers and others "who serve other people".
If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell，just head over to Beca's.You know your drink will come with something extra-special：（15） ______ .
21. A. cake B. card C. phone D. gift
22. A. expanded B. displayed C. produced D. stretched
23. A. force B. define C. surprise D. teach
24. A. delayed B. proposed C. cancelled D. exchanged
25. A. break B. idea C. career D. raise
26. A. normal B. demanding C. awesome D. embarrassing
27. A. Consequently B. However C. Instead D. Finally
28. A. disrespectful B. dishonest C. dishonorable D. disabled
29. A. Upset about B. Fond of
C. Related to D. Skeptical about
30. A. citizens B. colleagues C. strangers D. neighbours
31. A. met B. driven C. greeted D. addressed
32. A. regard B. establish C. treat D. use
33. A. recommended B. donated C. shared D. closed
34. A. shoppers B. drivers C. firefighters D. walkers
35. A. respect B. kindness C. love D. calmness
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Chinese opera,（1） ______ （ date） back to the Tang Dynasty, is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the Qing Dynasty, it became（2） ______ （ fashion） among ordinary people.（3） ______ （perform） were watched in tearooms, restaurants and even around makeshift stages.
（ 4） ______ （accompany） by traditional musical instruments like the Erhu, the Huqin and the flute,actors present unique melodies as well as dialogues which are（5） ______ （ beautiful） written.What appeals（6） ______ foreigners most may be the different styles of facial make-up which requires special techniques of painting. This technique may have originated from ancient religions and dance. Besides,people（7） ______ （ impress） with another technique,the acrobatics（杂技）. Actors can make fire out of their mouths when they act as ghosts. This reflects （8） ______ famous saying among actors："One minute on stage takes ten years of practice." Over the past 800 years, Chinese opera（9） ______ （grow） into many different regional varieties based on local accents. Today, there are over 100 impressive regional opera styles, among （10） ______ is Beijing opera, the best-known Chinese opera style formed from the mixture of different styles.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假如你是李华，近期你校开展了以"远离白色污染，拥抱绿色生活"为主题的环保周，你作为志愿者参与了这次活动。请给你的英国朋友Lucas写一封信，内容包括：
1.活动背景及经过；
2.活动的心得体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Lucas，
_____________
Yours， Li Hua
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A 92-year-old hunter getting lost in the woods Bill McDonnell was going hunting.Deer season had begun，but it was colder than usual.Up until his late 80s，Bill hadn't minded hunting in sub-zero temperatures，but he had slowed in the past few years.The snow-dusted mountains of the Shenandoah Valley were no place for a 92-year-old.He knew it.But he had made up his mind to get outside.His wife，Joanna McDonnell，knew what he was up to.But this particular day，Joanna didn't even try to talk sense into her husband.
The next morning，Bill woke up at four，grabbed his gun，and drove his Jeep toward Shenandoah Mountain，a place where he hadn't hunted for a long time.At the end of the old Laurel Run logging road，he hit the trail on foot.
It was about 7：30 a.m.when the sun peeked （微微露出） through the trees.Bill had strict instructions from Joanna to be out of the woods by 2 p.m.and home by 3 p.m. — plenty of time before sunset，in case he missed the deadline，which he often did.Not long into the hike，he came upon a path he didn't remember.Maybe this was a secret route.He took it.
Then，around 11 a.m.，he emerged （出现） into a clearing along a valley.It seemed that his path up the mountain had meandered（蜿蜒） quite a bit.When thoughts of short-cuts came to mind，Bill couldn't help himself. "I'll just be extra careful，" he reasoned，and began cutting his own path.Before long，the canyon （峡谷） narrowed to a dead end.The next thing he knew was that he was lost.
He pulled out his phone，only to find it had died.He dug into his pants for the GPS device he always brought in case of emergency and pushed the "on" button.Nothing.He had forgotten to charge it.He hadn't brought a flashlight either.During this period，he could hear the sound of a helicopter flying over his head.He yelled and waved，but in vain.He couldn't make himself heard.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
It was about 9：45 p.m.and the sound of the helicopter gradually disappeared in the distance.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning，Bill had woken before dawn.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Bangkok Floating Markets部分Bargaining is a part of experience. （讨价还价是体验的一部分。）可知，在Bangkok Floating Markets，讨价还价是一种体验。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Marina Bay Stadium部分It was a floating platform where the Formula One Grand Prix event was successfully held. （这是一个浮动平台，一级方程式大奖赛在这里成功举行。）可知，在Marina Bay Stadium举行了一级方程式大奖赛。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Marina Bay Stadium部分This stadium was built as a temporary solution while Singapore National Stadium was rebuilt. （这座体育场是在重建新加坡国家体育场时临时修建的。）以及Archipelago Cinema部分This cinema stage was built specially for the film festival Film on the Rocks Yao Noi. （这个电影舞台是为电影节Film on the Rocks Yao Noi而专门建造的。）可知，它们的共同之处是它们都是出于特殊目的而建造的。故选D。
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个有趣的水上旅游胜地。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】B、A、D、A
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的""That was when Valenti knew she had the drive and skill to surf big waves. （那是瓦伦蒂知道她有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪。）"可知，2007年她的濒死经历激发了瓦伦蒂去冲浪，故选B。
（2）A.词句猜测题。根据第三段的"I wanted to have the opportunity to win more events，but there weren't more events for women.Also I noticed that just the sight of women surfing big waves was opening people's minds...That's really annoying. （我想有机会赢得更多的项目，但没有更多的女子项目。我还注意到，仅仅是看到女人在大浪中冲浪，就能打开人们的思想....真烦人。）"可知，当时没有女子冲浪项目，这让她很生气，fired up意为"生气的"，由annoying （令人生气的）也可知道答案，A.Angry.生气的；B.Excited.兴奋的；C.Depressed.抑郁的；D.Concerned.关心的。故选A。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Mavericks was invitation-only and was open to only men when CEWS was formed. （在CEWS成立时，Mavericks只能通过邀请参加，且只对男性开放。）"可知，只有受到邀请的冲浪者才能参加Mavericks，故选D。
（4）A.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"Now，through the organization's hard work with the State of California，women are awarded 12 spots to surf. （现在，通过该组织与加利福尼亚州的努力，女性被授予12个冲浪地点。） "和最后一段的"If you work hard and you stick together with your friends，you can do anything.You can move mountains. （如果你努力工作，和你的朋友在一起，你可以做任何事。你可以移山。）"可知，Valenti是有抱负的，勇敢的。A.Ambitious and courageous.雄心勃勃，勇敢无畏的；B.Emotional and stubborn.情绪化又固执的；C.Tough and impractical.强硬又不切实际的；D.Simple-minded and helpful.头脑简单，乐于助人的。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是冲浪者比安卡瓦伦蒂在一次差点死掉的经历中意识到自己有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪，后来她和几个同行成立妇女冲浪公平委员会，证明了妇女也可以冲浪，给孩子们树立了榜样。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
8~11.【答案】B、D、B、D
【解析】（1）B.写作手法题。根据原文第一段In one，the pictures，colors，and instructions make the information easy to read.The other has an unclear style that takes more time for you to understand.If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement，new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that，over time，you'll likely be happier with your choice.其中，图片、颜色和说明使信息易于阅读。另一种风格不清晰，你需要更多时间才能理解。伦斯勒理工学院（Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute）的一项新研究表明，如果你决定购买第二台广告更令人困惑的相机，随着时间的推移，你可能会对自己的选择感到更满意。可知作者是通过举例来引出话题的。故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据原文第二段...researchers found that nonstop stimuli（刺激），or the difficulty for an individual to process a message，increases people's attitudes toward that message after a time delay.研究人员发现，持续不断的刺激，或者一个人处理信息的难度，会在一段时间后增加人们对该信息的态度。可知Gaurav Jain建议营销传播者应该使他们的信息难以理解。故选D。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段"When people are making decisions，" Jain said，"like choosing insurance products，retirement funds，or even when choosing an elected official，marketers and designers need to remember that if we can make an individual spend some time in that choosing process，it's more likely people will stick with the option they chose over time.""当人们做决定时，"Jain说，"选择保险产品、退休基金、甚至在选择一个民选官员，营销人员和设计师需要记住，如果我们能让一个人花一些时间在选择过程中，更有可能随着时间的推移人们会坚持他们选择的选项"。可知营销人员应该在销售产品时利用消费者心理。故选B。
（4）D.标题概括题。根据本文内容：本文介绍了一种心理现象---消费者花费更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加后期的满足感。可知D选项：困难的决定，满意的选择。适合，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种心理现象---消费者花费更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加后期的满足感。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学研究设施的不断发展，科学家们能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得了很大的成就。
1. 根据第二段中Decades ago，astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said，"The universe is also within us.We're made of star-stuff.We are a way for the universe to know itself."He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.（几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔萨根说过一句名言："宇宙也在身体之内。我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。"他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。）可知，作者在第2段引用卡尔•萨根的评论，是为了提出一个想法，即我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，故选D。
2. 根据第三段Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo's telescope to the Hubble to the JWST，life science tools have also improved rapidly.From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones，these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology's infinitesimal（无限小的）landscape.（就像将我们从伽利略望远镜带到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也得到了快速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。）可知，就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
3. 根据第四段中Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges.Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science.But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread，infect，and disable can literally save lives.Through time，biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge.Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components，even more importantly，they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors，of immune cells on foreign invaders （入侵者），and of genetic perturbations（基因干扰）on development and aging.（生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境中以及在面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学水平上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残可以真正拯救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经适应了这一机械挑战生命科学工具可以产生细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。）可知，生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
4. 根据最后一段My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science's inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and，in my view，more urgent.（我的目标是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来更为紧迫。）可知，作者认为生命科学应优先发展，故选B。
16~20.【答案】E、B、G、F、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么工作中的界限至关重要。
1. 根据下文If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.（如果你告诉别人这是你的办公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界。）可知，此处在讲述界限的类型。由此可知，E项（界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的。）能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选E。
2. 根据上文It is often easier to understand a physical boundary.Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的).（物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙。）可知，此处在对比物理边界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B项（然而，它们即使不是更重要，也同样重要。）能够承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理边界和情感或精神界限”，符合此处语境。故选B。
3. 根据下文One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday.（其中一个例子就是反复被要求在工作日/周末或假期加班。另一个例子是，我们被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲惫，到周五就筋疲力尽了。）可知，此处讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。由此可知，G项（这种界限经常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。）能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选G。
4. 根据上文For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this.（例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、行为合乎道德的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导的行为一再与此不一致）及常识可知，当个人价值观和道德标准与公司不一致时，可能会导致内部冲突。由此可知，F项（你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部冲突。）能够承接上文，符合此处语境。故选F。
5. 根据下文Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility，preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.（边界有很多功能。它们有助于保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实现我们的价值观和标准。）可知，本段主要介绍的是边界对我们很重要。由此可知，A项（为什么界限很重要？）能够统领本段，符合此处语境。故选A。
21~35.【答案】A、D、C、B、D、C、B、A、A、D、C、B、C、D、B
【解析】（1）A .考查名词及语境理解。A.cake 蛋糕；B.card卡片；C.phone 电话；D.gift礼物。根据上文中的"Then a big Happy Bithday banner"可知，此处表示给Jack过生日，过生日应该有一个生日蛋糕。cake 意为"蛋糕"，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
（2）D .考查动词及语境理解。A.expanded展开；B.displayed显示；C.produced产生；D.stretched 拉伸。此处指展开一个（写着）生日祝福的条幅。stretch 意为"展开"。符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（3）C .考查动词及语境理解。A.force 强制；B.define定义；C.surprise 惊喜；D.teach 教学。根据上文中的"May 10 was his birthday"及语境可知，Beca想给Jack一个惊喜，让他开心。surprise意为惊喜，符合语境。故正确答案为C。
（4）B .考查动词及语境理解。A.delayed延迟；B.proposed提议；C.cancelled取消；D.exchanged 交换。根据下文中的"an arrangement!"及下文语境可知，Beca提议.如果Jack每天都去Beca的摊位窗口跟顾客聊天一小时，她就会免费提供给Jack一杯咖啡。propose 意为"提议" ，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
（5）D .考查名词及语境理解。A.break 中断；B.idea想法；C.career事业；D.raise 加薪。根据下文"I love chating with people here，and she pays me a lot of money!"可知，因为Jack与顾客聊天的时间由原本的一小时变为了一整天，所以Beca给他涨了工资。raise 意为"加薪"，符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（6）C .考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.demanding要求高的；C.awesome很棒的；D.embarrassing 尴尬的。根据语境可知，因为Jack说他喜欢跟顾客们聊天，而且Beea付给他很多工资.所以，Jack觉得这真是太棒了。awesome 意为"极好的"，符合语境。故正确答案为C。
（7）B .考查副词及语境理解。A.Consequently 结果是；B.However但是；C.Instead而不是；D.Finally 最后地。根据上文语境及下文中的"not everybody appreciated Jack's enthusiasm" 可知，Jack喜欢跟大家交谈，然面，并不是所有的顾客都喜欢他的热情。however意为"然而"，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
（8）A .考查形容词及语境理解。A.disrespectful无礼的；B.dishonest不诚实的；C.dishonorable 不名誉的；D.disabled残疾的。句意：并不是所有的顾客都喜欢Jack的热情，有一个顾客对他极其不尊重。A项意为"不尊重的" ，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
（9）A .考查形容词短语及语境理解。A.Upset about担忧；B.Fond of喜欢；C.Related to 与……相关；D.Skeptical about怀疑。句意：因为有的顾客不尊重Jack ，所以Beca对此感到很难过。be upset about意为…感到难过，沮丧，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
（10）D .考查名词及语境理解。A.citizens 公民；B.colleagues同事；C.strangers 陌生人；D.neighbours 邻居。根据上文中的" she posted Jack's story on a community blog" 可知，Beca在社区微博上发表了文章，社区的邻居们都来为Jack庆祝生日。neighbour意为"邻居"，符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（11）C .考查动词及语境理解。A.met 遇见；B.driven 驾驶；C.greeted 迎接，问候；D.addressed 致辞。根据语境及下文中的"everyone with a hug"可知，Jack通过给出席他生日聚会的每个人一个拥抱的方式来问候他们。greet 意为"问候，打招呼"，符合语境。故正确答案为C。
（12）B .考查动词及语境理解。A.regard考虑；B.establish建立；C.treat治疗；D.use 使用。根据上文中的"Inspired by the spontancous（自发的） good spirit!" 和下文中的"every May 10 a Cup of Kindness Day"可知，正因为Beca受到这种自发的善行的鼓舞.所以她才会向政府提议将每年的5月10日设立为Cup of Kindness Day。estabish意为"设立，建立"，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
（13）D .考查动词及语境理解。A.recommended推荐；B.donated捐赠；C.shared共享；D.closed 关闭。根据下文中的"deliverd cookies to police officers，（13）teachers and others ，who serve other people"可知，在第一个Cop of Kindness Day，Beca关闭了门店，自愿给那些为别人服务的人送去曲奇饼干。close 意为"关闭" .符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（14）C .考查名词及语境理解。A.shoppers 购物者；B.drivers司机；C.firefighters消防员；D.walkers 步行者。根据下文中的"who serve other people" 可推知，此处应选择为人们服务的人。故正确答案为C。
（15）B .考查名词及语境理解。A.respect 尊重；B.kindness 善良；C.love爱；D.calmness 冷静。根据上文"If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell ，just head over to Beca's."及语境可知，你知道你的饮品将来自于一些特别的东西：善意。kindness意为"善意" ，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了咖啡摊老板Beca为了帮助残疾人朋友Jack，邀请他来自己的咖啡摊每天跟客人聊天一小时，并免费提供给他一杯咖啡。Jack很享受这份工作。她在社区的微博上分享了Jack的故事，并告诉大家Jack即将过生日。在生日那天，社区的邻居们都不约而同地来给Jack过生日，带给他惊喜。受到这些善举的启发，Beca建议当地政府将Jack的生日，也就是5月10日作为Cup of Kindness Day。在第一个Cup of Kindness Day ，Beca关闭了门店去做志愿者，为那些给别人服务的人送去了曲奇饼干。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词是否得当，意思是否正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】dating
【小题2】fashionable
【小题3】Performances
【小题4】Accompanied
【小题5】beautifully
【小题6】to
【小题7】are impressed
【小题8】a
【小题9】has grown
【小题10】which
【解析】（1）dating.考查现在分词。句意：中国戏曲起源于唐代，是世界上最古老的三大戏剧艺术形式之一。"_____ （date） back to theTang Dynasty"是定语，修饰Chinese opera, date back to"追溯到"没有被动式，用现在分词。故填dating.
（2）fashionable.考查形容词。句意：清朝，它在普通人中流行起来。become成为，是系动词，接形容词作表语，故填fashionable.
（3）performers.考查名词。句意：表演者可以在茶馆，饭馆甚至在临时舞台上表演。作主语用名词，由are推断用复数。故填performers.
（4）Accompanied.考查过去分词。句意：在二胡、胡琴、长笛等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白。"____ （accompany） by traditional musical instruments like the Erhu, the Huqin and the flute"作状语，accompany与主语actors是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动关系，置句首单词首字母大写。故填Accompanied.
（5）beautifully.考查副词。句意：在二胡、胡琴、长笛等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白。beautifully作状语修饰written,作状语用副词。故填beautifully.
（6）what.考查主语从句。句意：最吸引外国人可能是需要特殊绘画技巧的不同风格的脸谱。"______appeals to foreigners most"是主语从句，从句.缺乏主语，what引导主语从句，从句中作主语、宾语或表语。故填what.
（7）are impressed.考查动词。句意：此外，人们对另一种技巧，杂技，印象深刻。impress sb with sth."某人对某事印象深刻"，故impress 与主语people是被动关系，用被动语态，根据语境可知，文章用一般现在时讲述。故填are impressed.
（8）a.考查冠词。句意：这反映了在演员之间流行的一句著名的名言：台上一分钟台下十年功。saying"名言"是可数名词，故填a.
（9）has grown.考查动词。句意：在过去的800年里，中国的戏曲已经发展成许多不同的地域性的地方口音为基础的品种。根据时间状语Over the past 800 years可知，句子用现在完成时态，主语Chineseopera是第三人称单数，谓语用单数。故填has grown.
（10）which.考查定语从句。句意：今天，有超过100种令人印象深刻的地方戏曲风格，其中包括京剧。"among is Beijing opera"是定语从句，先行词是styles, 指物，从句中作介词宾语，用关系代词which。故填which.
本文属于说明文。主要介绍了中国戏曲，是世界上最古老的三大戏剧艺术形式之一。
高考语法填空是一道综合性比较强，考查点比较多的一个题型。考查形式分为有提示词以及无提示词，考生要理解语篇， 须灵活运用各种语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。最后再通读全文。
37.【答案】Dear Lucas，
How are you recently？I'm writing to tell you something about the campaign our school carried out to battle white pollution and develop a green community.【高分句型一】As you know，white pollution negatively impacts the natural environment and the well-being of both animals and humans.In the campaign，we cleaned up plastic waste at and around the campus.In addition，we called on residents to use recyclable items instead of plastic bags and provided them with free cotton bags.（活动背景及经过）
I really appreciate this experience as it raised my awareness of white pollution.【高分句型二】I'd avoid using disposable plastics and prompt others to do the same.（心得体会）
Have you ever participated in similar events？Please write and tell me.Looking forward to your reply.（期待回复）
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I'm writing to tell you something about the campaign our school carried out to battle white pollution and develop a green community.
翻译：我写这封信是想告诉你一些关于我们学校为对抗白色污染和发展绿色社区而开展的活动的情况。
分析：本句our school carried out为定语从句，修饰先行词 the campaign。
高分句型二：I really appreciate this experience as it raised my awareness of white pollution.
翻译：我真的很感激这次经历，因为它提高了我对白色污染的认识。
分析：本句使用了as引导的原因状语从句。
这是一篇提纲作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】It was about 9：45 p.m.and the sound of the helicopter gradually disappeared in the distance. .Bill guessed they wouldn't be back until morning.【高分句型一】He tried to go to bed but couldn't quiet his head.He lost sleep because he'd taken one too many short-cuts.And Joanna — his old lady was probably terrified.He wanted so badly to get up and walk through the darkness，but he knew he'd only end up in more trouble.At the same time，after the helicopter returned empty-handed，the rescue team called off the aerial search until the first light.But shortly after midnight，the county's office gave a call to them，offering to send out its search-and-rescue drone in the early morning.（描写比尔因为搜救人员离开感到担心，难以入睡，另一边搜救人员开始了新的计划）
The next morning，Bill had woken before dawn.He went back to replaying his wrong turns and imagining his wife's despair.Just after 7 a.m.the sky lightened and the thicket around him began to reappear.After about 15 minutes，Bill came to a spot where he could more clearly see the landscape around him.【高分句型二】In the camera of the drone，a neon-orange dot was moving beneath the line of trees.The operator zoomed his camera in and saw that the orange dot was the hunter's cap. "I think we have him!" he shouted.The old man was finally saved by the police drone，and the family was grateful.Bill agreed to swear he wouldn't go out hunting or hiking alone again.（描写比尔开始找路，同时担心妻子会很不安，在行进的过程中他被无人机发现，最终获救，事后向家人承诺不再独自进山徒步打猎）
【解析】本文以事件为线索展开，文章讲述了一位92岁的老人去山里探险打猎，因为走了不熟悉的路线，抄了很多捷径，结果他迷路了。因为手机没电、GPS设备忘记充电，而且没有带手电筒，这位老人没能成功向搜救的直升机呼救。
高分句型一：Bill guessed they wouldn't be back until morning.
翻译：比尔猜想他们要到早上才会回来。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句they wouldn't be back until morning，that省略了。
高分句型二：After about 15 minutes，Bill came to a spot where he could more clearly see the landscape around him.
翻译：大约过了15分钟，比尔来到一个可以更清楚地看到周围风景的地方。
分析：本句运用了where引导的限制性定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年福建省泉州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
There are three things you can watch forever：news，videos and water.Among them，water is definitely something no one argues about，and there are many unusual water attractions that you can find around the world.
Bangkok Floating Markets
There are many floating markets where goods are sold from boats.While modern markets are more popular，floating markets are still a huge attraction for local tourism.Any visitors can purchase local foods and traditional handcrafted（手工的） souvenirs.Bargaining is a part of the experience.So，start low and get the price you are ready to pay.
Bregenzer Festspiele
The Bregenz Festival is held every year from July to August in Vorarlberg.It has the world's largest stage on the water.The performances are different every year but they are usually united by one theme.The decorations are very impressive and are worth seeing.
Marina Bay Stadium
This stadium was built as a temporary solution while Singapore National Stadium was being rebuilt.The stadium was used for the opening and closing ceremonies during the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics.It was a floating platform where the Formula One Grand Prix event was successfully held.
Archipelago Cinema
Archipelago Cinema is probably one of the world's most scenic open-air cinemas that floats in the middle of a lake.The cinema was designed by German architect Ole Scheeren，who built it using techniques popular among local people.This cinema stage was built specially for the film festival Film on the Rocks Yao Noi.
1. What is special about Bangkok Floating Markets？ ______
A. Local foods are free to taste.
B. Visitors can make boats by themselves.
C. Performances on water are impressive to see.
D. Bargaining for a good price is an experience.
2. Which one was used for Formula One Grand Prix event？ ______
A. Marina Bay Stadium. B. Archipelago Cinema.
C. Bregenzer Festspiele. D. Bangkok Floating Markets.
3. What do Marina Bay Stadium and Archipelago Cinema have in common？ ______
A. They both hold ceremonies every year.
B. They both used local building techniques.
C. They both provide visitors with sports events.
D. They were both built for a special purpose.
B
In 2007，Bianca Valenti had an experience which nearly killed her.When she paddled out at Ocean Beach in San Francisco，she met a wave the length of a garage and as tall as a two-story house.
"The second I went under water，I was just getting knocked and spun every which way.And then my feet touched the sand bottom there.I swam to the surface.At this point my lungs were burning painfully.I just thought to myself，'If there's one more wave after this，I'm going to die.' Luckily there wasn't another wave." That was when Valenti knew she had the drive and skill to surf big waves.
By 2014，Valenti surfed and won her first big waves contest at Nelscott Reef in Oregon.There，she met fellow professionals Paige Alms，Andrea Moller，and Keala Kennelly. "Two things got me fired up at that point，" she said. "I wanted to have the opportunity to win more events，but there weren't more events for women.Also I noticed that just the sight of women surfing big waves was opening people's minds...That's really annoying." Luckily，Valenti，Alms，Moller，and Kennelly became a dynamic foursome and decided to stick together，support each other，and then fight together.
The four surfers formed Committee for Equity in Women's Surfing（CEWS）to fight for entrance at Mavericks—a contest set in the surfing location of the same name，north of Half Moon Bay.Mavericks was invitation-only and was open to only men when CEWS was formed.Now，through the organization's hard work with the State of California，women are awarded12 spots to surf.
When Valenti was young，there weren't many women represented in surfing culture. "I think it's important for young kids to have all kinds of role models.That way they know all the people who they see as superheroes are just normal people who have crazy dreams.And sometimes the dreams aren't even that crazy.If you work hard and you stick together with your friends，you can do anything.You can move mountains."
4. What inspired Valenti to surf big waves？ ______
A. Her gift in learning surfing skills.
B. Her near-death experience in 2007.
C. Her courage to challenge men surfers.
D. Her ambition to be the best role model.
5. What does the underlined phrase "fired up" in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Depressed. D. Concerned.
6. What do we know about Mavericks in Valenti's time？ ______
A. It was named after the bay.
B. All surfers were admitted to it freely.
C. It opened 12 spots for women surfers.
D. Surfers could only attend it by invitation.
7. Which of the following phrases can best describe Valenti？ ______
A. Ambitious and courageous. B. Emotional and stubborn.
C. Tough and impractical. D. Simple-minded and helpful.
C
Let's say you want to purchase a camera，and you're comparing two different advertisements.In one，the pictures，colors，and instructions make the information easy to read.The other has an unclear style that takes more time for you to understand.If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement，new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that，over time，you'll likely be happier with your choice.
In a paper co-authored by Gaurav Jain，an assistant professor of marketing in the Lally School of Management at Rensselaer，researchers found that nonstop stimuli（刺激），or the difficulty for an individual to process a message，increases people's attitudes toward that message after a time delay.
"This research has a real-life impact，" Jain said. "Most of the time，marketing communicators try to make their message clear.What we learned，however，is that there are certain times，especially when people need to make choices，when we should actually use nonstop stimuli so that whatever people are choosing，they will like it once time has passed."
Using primary data collection designed by Jain of about 500 diverse individuals，researchers also found that consumers judge the time spent in the decision-making process wrongly.Rather than recognizing that the lengthy decision came from trying to understand the information，when looking back on the process，consumers instead believe they spent the time on making the decision.This leads the consumer to believe the decision they made was informed and worthy.
These findings are meaningful for marketing communications in many fields.
"When people are making decisions，" Jain said，"like choosing insurance products，retirement funds，or even when choosing an elected official，marketers and designers need to remember that if we can make an individual spend some time in that choosing process，it's more likely people will stick with the option they chose over time."
Jain says that when consumers' attitudes about a product increase，the impact on post-purchase decisions like returns and reviews of the product will be more favorable to the brand.
8. How does the author introduce the topic？ ______
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By using others' words. D. By showing people's reviews.
9. What should marketing communicators do according to Gaurav Jain？ ______
A. Make their message short.
B. Make their message attractive.
C. Make their message easy to understand.
D. Make their message hard to understand.
10. In which aspect can this discovery be used for marketers？ ______
A. Writing a paper. B. Selling a product.
C. Choosing a camera. D. Designing a new brand.
11. Which of the following could be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Time Delay：What is it
B. Suggestions to the Marketers
C. How to Make Consumers Happy
D. Difficult Decision，Satisfactory Choice
D
Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.
Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within us. Weˈre made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.
There are many similarities between the progress weˈve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together lifeˈs inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileoˈs telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biologyˈs infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.
Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.
This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that scienceˈs inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, itˈs all star-stuff.
12. Why does the author quote Carl Saganˈs comment in Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the background. B. To prove an assumption.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an idea.
13. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.
A. study approaches B. system management
C. research facilities D. technology integration
14. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologistsˈ work is ________.
A. practical B. risky C. flexible D. popular
15. As for life science, which would the author agree with?
A. It has received universal recognition.
B. It should enjoy priority in development.
C. It can be applied in the majority of areas.
D. It is more complicated than space science.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. (16) If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). (17)
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someoneˈs behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. (18) One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. (19) Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
(20) Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A．Why are boundaries important?
B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F．Your values and ethical standards donˈt match with your companyˈs, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
In Bothell，Washington.First，somebody showed up with balloons.Then a（1） ______ .Then a big Happy Birthday banner（2） ______ next to the Beca's Coffee stand.And people just kept showing up.It was a party — just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack.May 10 was his birthday，and she wanted to（3） ______ him.
Jack，32，born with developmental disabilities loves people.Beca，30，thought he was wonderful.So she（4） ______ an arrangement：If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window，she'd give him a free drink.Pretty soon，an hour turned into the whole day.Beca gave him a（n）（5） ______ . "It's（6） ______ ，" Jack told KOMO News. "I love chatting with people here，and she pays me a lot of money!"
（ 7） ______ not everybody appreciated Jack's enthusiasm. "One customer was extremely（8） ______ ，" she says.（9） ______ this，she posted Jack's story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday.Without any planning，（10） ______ showed up to celebrate his birthday，and he（11） ______ everyone with a hug.
Inspired by the spontaneous（自发的）good spirit，Beca suggested Bothell（12） ______ every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day.The city agreed.On the first Cup of Kindness Day，Beca（13） ______ her shop and delivered cookies to police officers，（14） ______ ，teachers and others "who serve other people".
If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell，just head over to Beca's.You know your drink will come with something extra-special：（15） ______ .
21. A. cake B. card C. phone D. gift
22. A. expanded B. displayed C. produced D. stretched
23. A. force B. define C. surprise D. teach
24. A. delayed B. proposed C. cancelled D. exchanged
25. A. break B. idea C. career D. raise
26. A. normal B. demanding C. awesome D. embarrassing
27. A. Consequently B. However C. Instead D. Finally
28. A. disrespectful B. dishonest C. dishonorable D. disabled
29. A. Upset about B. Fond of
C. Related to D. Skeptical about
30. A. citizens B. colleagues C. strangers D. neighbours
31. A. met B. driven C. greeted D. addressed
32. A. regard B. establish C. treat D. use
33. A. recommended B. donated C. shared D. closed
34. A. shoppers B. drivers C. firefighters D. walkers
35. A. respect B. kindness C. love D. calmness
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Chinese opera,（1） ______ （ date） back to the Tang Dynasty, is one of the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world. During the Qing Dynasty, it became（2） ______ （ fashion） among ordinary people.（3） ______ （perform） were watched in tearooms, restaurants and even around makeshift stages.
（ 4） ______ （accompany） by traditional musical instruments like the Erhu, the Huqin and the flute,actors present unique melodies as well as dialogues which are（5） ______ （ beautiful） written.What appeals（6） ______ foreigners most may be the different styles of facial make-up which requires special techniques of painting. This technique may have originated from ancient religions and dance. Besides,people（7） ______ （ impress） with another technique,the acrobatics（杂技）. Actors can make fire out of their mouths when they act as ghosts. This reflects （8） ______ famous saying among actors："One minute on stage takes ten years of practice." Over the past 800 years, Chinese opera（9） ______ （grow） into many different regional varieties based on local accents. Today, there are over 100 impressive regional opera styles, among （10） ______ is Beijing opera, the best-known Chinese opera style formed from the mixture of different styles.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假如你是李华，近期你校开展了以"远离白色污染，拥抱绿色生活"为主题的环保周，你作为志愿者参与了这次活动。请给你的英国朋友Lucas写一封信，内容包括：
1.活动背景及经过；
2.活动的心得体会。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Lucas，
_____________
Yours， Li Hua
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A 92-year-old hunter getting lost in the woods Bill McDonnell was going hunting.Deer season had begun，but it was colder than usual.Up until his late 80s，Bill hadn't minded hunting in sub-zero temperatures，but he had slowed in the past few years.The snow-dusted mountains of the Shenandoah Valley were no place for a 92-year-old.He knew it.But he had made up his mind to get outside.His wife，Joanna McDonnell，knew what he was up to.But this particular day，Joanna didn't even try to talk sense into her husband.
The next morning，Bill woke up at four，grabbed his gun，and drove his Jeep toward Shenandoah Mountain，a place where he hadn't hunted for a long time.At the end of the old Laurel Run logging road，he hit the trail on foot.
It was about 7：30 a.m.when the sun peeked （微微露出） through the trees.Bill had strict instructions from Joanna to be out of the woods by 2 p.m.and home by 3 p.m. — plenty of time before sunset，in case he missed the deadline，which he often did.Not long into the hike，he came upon a path he didn't remember.Maybe this was a secret route.He took it.
Then，around 11 a.m.，he emerged （出现） into a clearing along a valley.It seemed that his path up the mountain had meandered（蜿蜒） quite a bit.When thoughts of short-cuts came to mind，Bill couldn't help himself. "I'll just be extra careful，" he reasoned，and began cutting his own path.Before long，the canyon （峡谷） narrowed to a dead end.The next thing he knew was that he was lost.
He pulled out his phone，only to find it had died.He dug into his pants for the GPS device he always brought in case of emergency and pushed the "on" button.Nothing.He had forgotten to charge it.He hadn't brought a flashlight either.During this period，he could hear the sound of a helicopter flying over his head.He yelled and waved，but in vain.He couldn't make himself heard.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
It was about 9：45 p.m.and the sound of the helicopter gradually disappeared in the distance.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning，Bill had woken before dawn.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Bangkok Floating Markets部分Bargaining is a part of experience. （讨价还价是体验的一部分。）可知，在Bangkok Floating Markets，讨价还价是一种体验。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Marina Bay Stadium部分It was a floating platform where the Formula One Grand Prix event was successfully held. （这是一个浮动平台，一级方程式大奖赛在这里成功举行。）可知，在Marina Bay Stadium举行了一级方程式大奖赛。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Marina Bay Stadium部分This stadium was built as a temporary solution while Singapore National Stadium was rebuilt. （这座体育场是在重建新加坡国家体育场时临时修建的。）以及Archipelago Cinema部分This cinema stage was built specially for the film festival Film on the Rocks Yao Noi. （这个电影舞台是为电影节Film on the Rocks Yao Noi而专门建造的。）可知，它们的共同之处是它们都是出于特殊目的而建造的。故选D。
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个有趣的水上旅游胜地。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】B、A、D、A
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段的""That was when Valenti knew she had the drive and skill to surf big waves. （那是瓦伦蒂知道她有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪。）"可知，2007年她的濒死经历激发了瓦伦蒂去冲浪，故选B。
（2）A.词句猜测题。根据第三段的"I wanted to have the opportunity to win more events，but there weren't more events for women.Also I noticed that just the sight of women surfing big waves was opening people's minds...That's really annoying. （我想有机会赢得更多的项目，但没有更多的女子项目。我还注意到，仅仅是看到女人在大浪中冲浪，就能打开人们的思想....真烦人。）"可知，当时没有女子冲浪项目，这让她很生气，fired up意为"生气的"，由annoying （令人生气的）也可知道答案，A.Angry.生气的；B.Excited.兴奋的；C.Depressed.抑郁的；D.Concerned.关心的。故选A。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Mavericks was invitation-only and was open to only men when CEWS was formed. （在CEWS成立时，Mavericks只能通过邀请参加，且只对男性开放。）"可知，只有受到邀请的冲浪者才能参加Mavericks，故选D。
（4）A.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"Now，through the organization's hard work with the State of California，women are awarded 12 spots to surf. （现在，通过该组织与加利福尼亚州的努力，女性被授予12个冲浪地点。） "和最后一段的"If you work hard and you stick together with your friends，you can do anything.You can move mountains. （如果你努力工作，和你的朋友在一起，你可以做任何事。你可以移山。）"可知，Valenti是有抱负的，勇敢的。A.Ambitious and courageous.雄心勃勃，勇敢无畏的；B.Emotional and stubborn.情绪化又固执的；C.Tough and impractical.强硬又不切实际的；D.Simple-minded and helpful.头脑简单，乐于助人的。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是冲浪者比安卡瓦伦蒂在一次差点死掉的经历中意识到自己有动力和技巧在大浪中冲浪，后来她和几个同行成立妇女冲浪公平委员会，证明了妇女也可以冲浪，给孩子们树立了榜样。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
8~11.【答案】B、D、B、D
【解析】（1）B.写作手法题。根据原文第一段In one，the pictures，colors，and instructions make the information easy to read.The other has an unclear style that takes more time for you to understand.If you decide to purchase the second camera with the more confusing advertisement，new research out of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that，over time，you'll likely be happier with your choice.其中，图片、颜色和说明使信息易于阅读。另一种风格不清晰，你需要更多时间才能理解。伦斯勒理工学院（Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute）的一项新研究表明，如果你决定购买第二台广告更令人困惑的相机，随着时间的推移，你可能会对自己的选择感到更满意。可知作者是通过举例来引出话题的。故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据原文第二段...researchers found that nonstop stimuli（刺激），or the difficulty for an individual to process a message，increases people's attitudes toward that message after a time delay.研究人员发现，持续不断的刺激，或者一个人处理信息的难度，会在一段时间后增加人们对该信息的态度。可知Gaurav Jain建议营销传播者应该使他们的信息难以理解。故选D。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段"When people are making decisions，" Jain said，"like choosing insurance products，retirement funds，or even when choosing an elected official，marketers and designers need to remember that if we can make an individual spend some time in that choosing process，it's more likely people will stick with the option they chose over time.""当人们做决定时，"Jain说，"选择保险产品、退休基金、甚至在选择一个民选官员，营销人员和设计师需要记住，如果我们能让一个人花一些时间在选择过程中，更有可能随着时间的推移人们会坚持他们选择的选项"。可知营销人员应该在销售产品时利用消费者心理。故选B。
（4）D.标题概括题。根据本文内容：本文介绍了一种心理现象---消费者花费更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加后期的满足感。可知D选项：困难的决定，满意的选择。适合，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种心理现象---消费者花费更多时间所做出的决定往往会增加后期的满足感。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了生命科学像宇宙一样复杂，随着生命科学研究设施的不断发展，科学家们能够更深入地研究生命的组成部分并且取得了很大的成就。
1. 根据第二段中Decades ago，astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said，"The universe is also within us.We're made of star-stuff.We are a way for the universe to know itself."He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.（几十年前，天体物理学家卡尔萨根说过一句名言："宇宙也在身体之内。我们是由恒星组成的。我们是宇宙认识自己的一种方式。"他当时的评论是，我们的内部宇宙和外太空一样复杂、一样奇妙。）可知，作者在第2段引用卡尔•萨根的评论，是为了提出一个想法，即我们的身体像宇宙一样复杂和奇妙，故选D。
2. 根据第三段Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo's telescope to the Hubble to the JWST，life science tools have also improved rapidly.From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones，these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology's infinitesimal（无限小的）landscape.（就像将我们从伽利略望远镜带到哈勃望远镜再到JWST的技术发展一样，生命科学工具也得到了快速改进。从早期的光学显微镜到现代的超分辨率显微镜，这些发展使研究人员能够深入观察生物学的微小景观。）可知，就像对宇宙的研究一样，生命科学的研究设施也在不断发展，故选C。
3. 根据第四段中Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges.Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science.But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread，infect，and disable can literally save lives.Through time，biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge.Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components，even more importantly，they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors，of immune cells on foreign invaders （入侵者），and of genetic perturbations（基因干扰）on development and aging.（生物学家还必须描述所有这些部分在不同环境中以及在面临各种挑战时是如何相互作用和变化的。能够对病毒或细菌进行成像在基础科学水平上是很好的。但了解病毒如何进入细胞并传播、感染和致残可以真正拯救生命。随着时间的推移，生物学已经适应了这一机械挑战生命科学工具可以产生细胞成分的图像，更重要的是，它们可以帮助预测药物对受体的影响，免疫细胞对外来入侵者的影响，以及基因扰动对发育和衰老的影响。）可知，生物学家的工作是很实用的，故选A。
4. 根据最后一段My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science's inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and，in my view，more urgent.（我的目标是庆祝这些成就，同时认识到科学对细节和洞察力的内在探索同样令人印象深刻，在我看来更为紧迫。）可知，作者认为生命科学应优先发展，故选B。
16~20.【答案】E、B、G、F、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么工作中的界限至关重要。
1. 根据下文If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.（如果你告诉别人这是你的办公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已经试图设置物理边界。）可知，此处在讲述界限的类型。由此可知，E项（界限可以是身体上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或无形的。）能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选E。
2. 根据上文It is often easier to understand a physical boundary.Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的).（物理边界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙。）可知，此处在对比物理边界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B项（然而，它们即使不是更重要，也同样重要。）能够承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理边界和情感或精神界限”，符合此处语境。故选B。
3. 根据下文One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday.（其中一个例子就是反复被要求在工作日/周末或假期加班。另一个例子是，我们被要求看太多的客户或病人，以至于我们在一天结束时感到疲惫，到周五就筋疲力尽了。）可知，此处讲述的是我们会被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。由此可知，G项（这种界限经常包括在很长一段时间内被要求做一些超出我们感觉能力范围的事情。）能够衔接下文，符合此处语境。故选G。
4. 根据上文For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this.（例如，你看重一种尊重员工和客户、行为合乎道德的职场文化。六个月后，你意识到公司领导的行为一再与此不一致）及常识可知，当个人价值观和道德标准与公司不一致时，可能会导致内部冲突。由此可知，F项（你的价值观和道德标准与公司不一致，这可能会导致内部冲突。）能够承接上文，符合此处语境。故选F。
5. 根据下文Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility，preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.（边界有很多功能。它们有助于保护我们，明确我们的责任，保持我们的身体和情感能量，并实现我们的价值观和标准。）可知，本段主要介绍的是边界对我们很重要。由此可知，A项（为什么界限很重要？）能够统领本段，符合此处语境。故选A。
21~35.【答案】A、D、C、B、D、C、B、A、A、D、C、B、C、D、B
【解析】（1）A .考查名词及语境理解。A.cake 蛋糕；B.card卡片；C.phone 电话；D.gift礼物。根据上文中的"Then a big Happy Bithday banner"可知，此处表示给Jack过生日，过生日应该有一个生日蛋糕。cake 意为"蛋糕"，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
（2）D .考查动词及语境理解。A.expanded展开；B.displayed显示；C.produced产生；D.stretched 拉伸。此处指展开一个（写着）生日祝福的条幅。stretch 意为"展开"。符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（3）C .考查动词及语境理解。A.force 强制；B.define定义；C.surprise 惊喜；D.teach 教学。根据上文中的"May 10 was his birthday"及语境可知，Beca想给Jack一个惊喜，让他开心。surprise意为惊喜，符合语境。故正确答案为C。
（4）B .考查动词及语境理解。A.delayed延迟；B.proposed提议；C.cancelled取消；D.exchanged 交换。根据下文中的"an arrangement!"及下文语境可知，Beca提议.如果Jack每天都去Beca的摊位窗口跟顾客聊天一小时，她就会免费提供给Jack一杯咖啡。propose 意为"提议" ，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
（5）D .考查名词及语境理解。A.break 中断；B.idea想法；C.career事业；D.raise 加薪。根据下文"I love chating with people here，and she pays me a lot of money!"可知，因为Jack与顾客聊天的时间由原本的一小时变为了一整天，所以Beca给他涨了工资。raise 意为"加薪"，符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（6）C .考查形容词及语境理解。A.normal正常的；B.demanding要求高的；C.awesome很棒的；D.embarrassing 尴尬的。根据语境可知，因为Jack说他喜欢跟顾客们聊天，而且Beea付给他很多工资.所以，Jack觉得这真是太棒了。awesome 意为"极好的"，符合语境。故正确答案为C。
（7）B .考查副词及语境理解。A.Consequently 结果是；B.However但是；C.Instead而不是；D.Finally 最后地。根据上文语境及下文中的"not everybody appreciated Jack's enthusiasm" 可知，Jack喜欢跟大家交谈，然面，并不是所有的顾客都喜欢他的热情。however意为"然而"，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
（8）A .考查形容词及语境理解。A.disrespectful无礼的；B.dishonest不诚实的；C.dishonorable 不名誉的；D.disabled残疾的。句意：并不是所有的顾客都喜欢Jack的热情，有一个顾客对他极其不尊重。A项意为"不尊重的" ，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
（9）A .考查形容词短语及语境理解。A.Upset about担忧；B.Fond of喜欢；C.Related to 与……相关；D.Skeptical about怀疑。句意：因为有的顾客不尊重Jack ，所以Beca对此感到很难过。be upset about意为…感到难过，沮丧，符合语境。故正确答案为A。
（10）D .考查名词及语境理解。A.citizens 公民；B.colleagues同事；C.strangers 陌生人；D.neighbours 邻居。根据上文中的" she posted Jack's story on a community blog" 可知，Beca在社区微博上发表了文章，社区的邻居们都来为Jack庆祝生日。neighbour意为"邻居"，符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（11）C .考查动词及语境理解。A.met 遇见；B.driven 驾驶；C.greeted 迎接，问候；D.addressed 致辞。根据语境及下文中的"everyone with a hug"可知，Jack通过给出席他生日聚会的每个人一个拥抱的方式来问候他们。greet 意为"问候，打招呼"，符合语境。故正确答案为C。
（12）B .考查动词及语境理解。A.regard考虑；B.establish建立；C.treat治疗；D.use 使用。根据上文中的"Inspired by the spontancous（自发的） good spirit!" 和下文中的"every May 10 a Cup of Kindness Day"可知，正因为Beca受到这种自发的善行的鼓舞.所以她才会向政府提议将每年的5月10日设立为Cup of Kindness Day。estabish意为"设立，建立"，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
（13）D .考查动词及语境理解。A.recommended推荐；B.donated捐赠；C.shared共享；D.closed 关闭。根据下文中的"deliverd cookies to police officers，（13）teachers and others ，who serve other people"可知，在第一个Cop of Kindness Day，Beca关闭了门店，自愿给那些为别人服务的人送去曲奇饼干。close 意为"关闭" .符合语境。故正确答案为D。
（14）C .考查名词及语境理解。A.shoppers 购物者；B.drivers司机；C.firefighters消防员；D.walkers 步行者。根据下文中的"who serve other people" 可推知，此处应选择为人们服务的人。故正确答案为C。
（15）B .考查名词及语境理解。A.respect 尊重；B.kindness 善良；C.love爱；D.calmness 冷静。根据上文"If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell ，just head over to Beca's."及语境可知，你知道你的饮品将来自于一些特别的东西：善意。kindness意为"善意" ，符合语境。故正确答案为B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了咖啡摊老板Beca为了帮助残疾人朋友Jack，邀请他来自己的咖啡摊每天跟客人聊天一小时，并免费提供给他一杯咖啡。Jack很享受这份工作。她在社区的微博上分享了Jack的故事，并告诉大家Jack即将过生日。在生日那天，社区的邻居们都不约而同地来给Jack过生日，带给他惊喜。受到这些善举的启发，Beca建议当地政府将Jack的生日，也就是5月10日作为Cup of Kindness Day。在第一个Cup of Kindness Day ，Beca关闭了门店去做志愿者，为那些给别人服务的人送去了曲奇饼干。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词是否得当，意思是否正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】dating
【小题2】fashionable
【小题3】Performances
【小题4】Accompanied
【小题5】beautifully
【小题6】to
【小题7】are impressed
【小题8】a
【小题9】has grown
【小题10】which
【解析】（1）dating.考查现在分词。句意：中国戏曲起源于唐代，是世界上最古老的三大戏剧艺术形式之一。"_____ （date） back to theTang Dynasty"是定语，修饰Chinese opera, date back to"追溯到"没有被动式，用现在分词。故填dating.
（2）fashionable.考查形容词。句意：清朝，它在普通人中流行起来。become成为，是系动词，接形容词作表语，故填fashionable.
（3）performers.考查名词。句意：表演者可以在茶馆，饭馆甚至在临时舞台上表演。作主语用名词，由are推断用复数。故填performers.
（4）Accompanied.考查过去分词。句意：在二胡、胡琴、长笛等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白。"____ （accompany） by traditional musical instruments like the Erhu, the Huqin and the flute"作状语，accompany与主语actors是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动关系，置句首单词首字母大写。故填Accompanied.
（5）beautifully.考查副词。句意：在二胡、胡琴、长笛等传统乐器的伴奏下，演员们呈现出独特的旋律和优美的对白。beautifully作状语修饰written,作状语用副词。故填beautifully.
（6）what.考查主语从句。句意：最吸引外国人可能是需要特殊绘画技巧的不同风格的脸谱。"______appeals to foreigners most"是主语从句，从句.缺乏主语，what引导主语从句，从句中作主语、宾语或表语。故填what.
（7）are impressed.考查动词。句意：此外，人们对另一种技巧，杂技，印象深刻。impress sb with sth."某人对某事印象深刻"，故impress 与主语people是被动关系，用被动语态，根据语境可知，文章用一般现在时讲述。故填are impressed.
（8）a.考查冠词。句意：这反映了在演员之间流行的一句著名的名言：台上一分钟台下十年功。saying"名言"是可数名词，故填a.
（9）has grown.考查动词。句意：在过去的800年里，中国的戏曲已经发展成许多不同的地域性的地方口音为基础的品种。根据时间状语Over the past 800 years可知，句子用现在完成时态，主语Chineseopera是第三人称单数，谓语用单数。故填has grown.
（10）which.考查定语从句。句意：今天，有超过100种令人印象深刻的地方戏曲风格，其中包括京剧。"among is Beijing opera"是定语从句，先行词是styles, 指物，从句中作介词宾语，用关系代词which。故填which.
本文属于说明文。主要介绍了中国戏曲，是世界上最古老的三大戏剧艺术形式之一。
高考语法填空是一道综合性比较强，考查点比较多的一个题型。考查形式分为有提示词以及无提示词，考生要理解语篇， 须灵活运用各种语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。最后再通读全文。
37.【答案】Dear Lucas，
How are you recently？I'm writing to tell you something about the campaign our school carried out to battle white pollution and develop a green community.【高分句型一】As you know，white pollution negatively impacts the natural environment and the well-being of both animals and humans.In the campaign，we cleaned up plastic waste at and around the campus.In addition，we called on residents to use recyclable items instead of plastic bags and provided them with free cotton bags.（活动背景及经过）
I really appreciate this experience as it raised my awareness of white pollution.【高分句型二】I'd avoid using disposable plastics and prompt others to do the same.（心得体会）
Have you ever participated in similar events？Please write and tell me.Looking forward to your reply.（期待回复）
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：I'm writing to tell you something about the campaign our school carried out to battle white pollution and develop a green community.
翻译：我写这封信是想告诉你一些关于我们学校为对抗白色污染和发展绿色社区而开展的活动的情况。
分析：本句our school carried out为定语从句，修饰先行词 the campaign。
高分句型二：I really appreciate this experience as it raised my awareness of white pollution.
翻译：我真的很感激这次经历，因为它提高了我对白色污染的认识。
分析：本句使用了as引导的原因状语从句。
这是一篇提纲作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】It was about 9：45 p.m.and the sound of the helicopter gradually disappeared in the distance. .Bill guessed they wouldn't be back until morning.【高分句型一】He tried to go to bed but couldn't quiet his head.He lost sleep because he'd taken one too many short-cuts.And Joanna — his old lady was probably terrified.He wanted so badly to get up and walk through the darkness，but he knew he'd only end up in more trouble.At the same time，after the helicopter returned empty-handed，the rescue team called off the aerial search until the first light.But shortly after midnight，the county's office gave a call to them，offering to send out its search-and-rescue drone in the early morning.（描写比尔因为搜救人员离开感到担心，难以入睡，另一边搜救人员开始了新的计划）
The next morning，Bill had woken before dawn.He went back to replaying his wrong turns and imagining his wife's despair.Just after 7 a.m.the sky lightened and the thicket around him began to reappear.After about 15 minutes，Bill came to a spot where he could more clearly see the landscape around him.【高分句型二】In the camera of the drone，a neon-orange dot was moving beneath the line of trees.The operator zoomed his camera in and saw that the orange dot was the hunter's cap. "I think we have him!" he shouted.The old man was finally saved by the police drone，and the family was grateful.Bill agreed to swear he wouldn't go out hunting or hiking alone again.（描写比尔开始找路，同时担心妻子会很不安，在行进的过程中他被无人机发现，最终获救，事后向家人承诺不再独自进山徒步打猎）
【解析】本文以事件为线索展开，文章讲述了一位92岁的老人去山里探险打猎，因为走了不熟悉的路线，抄了很多捷径，结果他迷路了。因为手机没电、GPS设备忘记充电，而且没有带手电筒，这位老人没能成功向搜救的直升机呼救。
高分句型一：Bill guessed they wouldn't be back until morning.
翻译：比尔猜想他们要到早上才会回来。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句they wouldn't be back until morning，that省略了。
高分句型二：After about 15 minutes，Bill came to a spot where he could more clearly see the landscape around him.
翻译：大约过了15分钟，比尔来到一个可以更清楚地看到周围风景的地方。
分析：本句运用了where引导的限制性定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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