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语法专题十 时态-中考语法一点通
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语法专题十、时态(必考)
什么是时态?
考点精讲
时态,顾名思义,“时”就是时间,“态”就是状态或形态。注意时态是英语动词的一个语法概念。
【拓展】汉语只有时没有态。例如:我正在学习;我昨天学习;我明天要学习。这三句话里的动作发生在不同时间即“正在”、“昨天”、“明天”。而三句话里的谓语动词都是“学习”,这个动词的形态一致,没有发生改变,故汉语里的动词没有态的概念。
时态:说明一个动词的发生时间,每种时态对应一个时间段,谓语动词也要有相应的变化形式。
初中阶段会遇到八大时态,要求我们必须掌握的有六种时态(过去将来时和过去完成时很少考):现就各种时态的概念(定义或用法)、时间状语标志词、基本结构、动词变化规则等方面进行详细讲解。
八大时态的概念和基本结构
一、 一般现在时
1.概念:①表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。I like playing basketball.
②表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象。The earth goes around the sun.
③在复合从句中,若主句为一般将来时,时间和条件状从常用一般现在时表将来。
例:If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the zoo tomorrow.
2.时间标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, at weekends等等。
3.基本结构:①主语+am/is/are
②主语+行为动词原形/动词三单形式(do/does)
4.动词三单形式变化规则:
一般在动词后+s
talk-talks ,write-writes, run-runs
以s, x, sh, ch结尾+es
Wash-washes, watch-watches, teach-teaches
以辅音字母+o结尾+es
go-goes, do-does
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加es,但是以“元音字母组合+y”结尾的词直接加s
study-studies, try-tries, carry-carries, stays, says, plays
二、一般过去时
1.概念①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。 I saw him yesterday.
②表示过去经常发生的动作。Did he often walk to school last term?
2.时间标志词:three days ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night (week, month, year…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 15, once upon a time, used to do sth(过去常常做某事)… 。
3.基本结构:①主+was/were
②主+行为动词过去时(did)
4.动词过去式(-ed)变化规则:
一般在动词后+ed
answer-answered, help-helped, played
以不发音的字母e结尾+d
move-moved, use-used, notice-noticed
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加ed
carry-carried, reply-replied, study-studies
重读闭音节以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed
stop-stopped, plan-planned, drop-dropped
不规则动词过去式(外研版九上课本P159-P162)
三、一般将来时
1.概念① 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,及计划、打算做某事。
例 I am going to have a picnic this weekend. I will come to see you tomorrow.
② 现在进行时(be+v-ing)表将来,常用于表示位置移动的动词,如,come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等。例 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
2.时间标志词:in three days, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, in the future, in 2020等等。
3.基本结构:主+am/is/are+going to+do
主+will+do
四、过去将来时
1. 概念:过去将来时,表示从过去某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或状态。
2. 结构:
① 主语+was/were going to +动原
② 主语+would+动原
(对比一般将来时be going to do; will do,过去将来时就是把be动词和will变成过去式)
例I didn’t know if he was going to come. 我不知道是否他会来。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他会和我们待在一起。
五、现在进行时
1.概念① 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。The girl is listening to music now.
②句中出现Look! Listen! 后面句子用进行时。
③ 表示位置移动的词,用进行时表将来,如,come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等。
Don’t worry. He is coming soon. Look! Peter is watching TV.
2.时间标志词:now, at the moment, these days 等
3.基本结构:主+am/is/are+doing
4.动词-ing变化规则(现在分词)
一般直接在词尾加ing
play-playing, sing-singing
以不发音e结尾,去e再加ing
take-taking, make-making, have-having
以“辅元辅”结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾的这个辅音字母,再加ing
stop-stopping,shop-shopping,drop-dropping, swim-swimming,run-running, begin-beginning
特殊变化
lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying
常考的双写加ing的动词:shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer等
六、过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行或持续的动作。
例 I was writing a letter to my friend at nine yesterday.
My mom was cooking when I arrived home.
2.时间标志词:at this time yesterday, at that time, at seven yesterday, just then, those days, when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语。
3.基本结构:主+was/were+doing
七、现在完成时
1.概念:① 表示过去的动作对现在有影响:从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成;用次数表示经历或者表示到目前为止量的积累。
例Tom has just finished his homework.
I have never been to the Great Wall.
I have been to the Great wall three times.
We have learned 1,000 words so far.
② 表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,常与since, for 连用,动词用延续性动词。对since/for短语提问用how long(多久)。
例 I have lived here since 2012. I have been here for 5 years.
区别:since+时间点;for+时间段。
since+过去某个时间点(自从……)
I have lived here since 2012.
since+时间段+ago
I have lived here since 10 years ago.
since+过去时从句
I have lived here since I moved here in 2012.
注意:短暂性动词(瞬间动词;非延续动词)可以用于完成时,但是不能与延续性的for、since连用。补充:区分动词延续不延续,可以在前面加“一直”,说得通就是延续性动词,说不通就是非延续性动词。
【拓展】常见的现在完成时非延续性性动词转延续性动词的规律如下:
(1)、用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代。如:
borrow→keep, buy→have, become →be, get up→be up, fall ill →be ill,
fall asleep→ be asleep, get/catch a cold→have a cold
(2)、用“be+形容词”替代。如:
die→be dead, open→be open, end/finish → be over,
(3)、用“be+介词或副词”替代。如:
leave→be away, begin/start→ be on, join→be in/be a member of, come→be in/here, go→be away/out/there, reach/arrive/get to→stay/be in , come back→be back , 等等。
2.时间标志词 already(已经,肯), just(刚刚,肯), yet(“还没”,用在否定句和疑问句), ever(曾经), never(从不), before(以前), recently(最近), lately(近来),so far(到目前为止), in the past/last few years(在过去几年里)等。
3.基本结构:主+have/has+done
4.动词过去分词的变化规则:规则的同动词过去式,不规则的单独记(九上课本P159-P162)
5.短语辨析
have/has been in 在某地多久了(现在还在)
He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他来上海十年了。
have/has been to 曾去过某地(几次)(已经回来了)
He has been to Shanghai three times.他曾去过上海三次。(现在说话的时候不在上海)
have/has gone to 已经去了某地(还没回来)
He has gone to Shanghai and hasn’t come back yet.他已经去上海了,现在还没回来。
八、过去完成时
1.基本概念
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。与现在没有关系。基本结构是“had+done”。就是把现在完成时的have/has变成had,再加动词过去分词(用done来表示)。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。和现在完成时延续性表达一样,此种表达中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
2.基本结构:主语+had+done(过去分词)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句?
⑤被动语态:主语+had(hadn't)+been+过去分词+其他
中考中主要考查六大时态(除了过去将来时和过去完成时),判断时态,最重要的是结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态,然后确定相应时态的基本结构。
八大时态基本结构总结
时态类型
动词结构(肯定式)
一般现在时
主+be动词(am is are)
主(非三单)+do(原形)
主(三单)+does(三单形式)
一般过去时
主+was/were
主+行为动词过去时(did)
一般将来时
主+am/is/are+going to+do
主+will+do
过去将来时
主语+was/were going to +动原
主语+would+动原
现在进行时
主+am/is/are+doing
过去进行时
主+was/were+doing
现在完成时
主+have/has+done
过去完成时
主语+had+done
考点精练
中考语法—时态专项练习
姓名____________ 成绩__________
(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分)
1. (2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)Each of us ________ WeChat(微信) nowadays, even the old people.
A. plays B. play C. playing D. played
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现在我们每个人都用微信,甚至是老年人也用。由语境可知,此处描述目前的一种现象,应用一般现在时;不定代词作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
2. (2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)﹣Wow! The music sounds wonderful!
﹣Yes. Jessie_____the violin in the next room.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. was playing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——哇!这音乐听起来棒极了!——是的。杰西在隔壁房间拉小提琴。根据Wow! The music sounds wonderful!哇!这音乐听起来棒极了!可知,音乐正在进行,时态是现在进行时。Jessie接is+doing。
3. (2022·广西壮族自治区·历年真题)—Where is Mr. Smith?
—He isnˈt here. He ________ Shanghai.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
【答案】A
【解析】题干中主语是he,所以排除C,D,has gone to去了,has been to去过,根据题意,他不在这里,可知他去了上海,A符合题意.故选:A。
-Smith先生在哪里?
-他不在这里,他去上海了.掌握现在完成时,根据题意选出正确答案.
4. (2022·河北省·历年真题)It ______ two months since I ______ my hometown.
A. was; leave B. was; left C. has been; leave D. has been; left
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我离开家乡已经两个多月了。It has been+一段时间+since从句,自……以来已有多长时间了;since引导的时间状语从句,主句应用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时,表示到说话时为止,已经发生或完成了的动作或状态,对现在的影响。故选D。
5. (2022·云南省·历年真题)—China's high-speed railway technology the world now.
—That's true. It has developed rapidly over the past years.
A. led B. was leading C. is leading D. will lead
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——中国的高铁技术目前处于世界领先地位。——是真的。它在过去的几年里发展迅速。根据"now"可知,中国的高铁技术目前处于世界领先地位,句子要用现在进行时态,因此选is leading。故选C。
6. (2022·云南省·历年真题)—Why didn't you answer my call last night?
—I'm sorry, when you called, I_____dinner.
A. am having B. have had C. was having D. am had
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——昨晚你为什么不接我的电话?——对不起,你打电话的时候,我正在吃晚饭。根据时间状语从句"when you called,"时态可知,空处的动作表示在过去的某一时刻正在进行的动作,故应用过去进行时was having。故选C。
7. (2022·全国·历年真题)Last year, I ______ not ______ out because I hurt my leg.
A. can; get B. can; getting C. could; get D. could; got
【答案】C
【解析】句意:去年,因为我伤了腿我不能外出。根据句中的“last year”可知,句子用的是一般过去时,由此可排除A和B,第二空因在情态动词could之后,所以用动词原形,故选C。
8. (2022·江苏省宿迁市·历年真题)—Andy,what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon?
—I ________ the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
【答案】C
【解析】句意:--安迪,昨天下午这个时候你正在干什么?--我正在和我姐姐一起看《长津湖战役》。问句为过去进行时,表明是想知道那个时候正在发生的事情,答语也应该用过去进行时,结构为:was/were+Ving。故选:C。
9. (2022·江西省·历年真题)Don't leave your toys on the table, or I them away.
A. threw B. will throw C. have thrown D. was throwing
【答案】B
【解析】根据Don't leave your toys on the table是祈使句,表示的是将来的动作,可推测出并列连词or后面也用一般将来时,动词用will throw。 故选:B。
10. (2022·贵州省铜仁市·历年真题)-Mike, why are you standing outdoors?
-I_____my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.
A. have lost B. will lose C. had lost D. lose
【答案】A
【解析】根据I have to wait here until my mother comes back.(我得在这儿等我妈妈回来。)可知我丢了钥匙,强调现在我的钥匙丢了,用现在完成时。I接have+过去分词。 故选:A。
11. (2022·全国·历年真题)He newspapers at 8:00 every evening.
A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. has read
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子可知。时间状语"at 8:00 every evening"为一般现在时标志。 故选:A。
12. (2022·全国·历年真题)-Your watch is really old.
-Yes,I it since I was six.
A. have B. will have C. have had D. am having
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子可知,时间状语"since I was six."为现在完成时标志,结构为:have/has+Vpp。 故选:C。--你的手表真的很旧了。 --是的,我从六岁的时候就买了。
考查动词时态,结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态。
13. (2022·全国·历年真题)Li Lei the school bus last Friday.
A. misses B. missed C. was missing D. has missed
【答案】B
【解析】时间状语"last Friday"为一般过去时标志,动词用过去式形式。故选:B。
14. (2022·湖北省咸宁市·历年真题)-Hello! May I speak to Kate?
-Sorry, she isn't in. She ping pong outside.
A. is playing B. plays C. played D. will play
【答案】A
【解析】is playing现在进行时态;plays一般现在时的第三人称单数形式;played一般过去时态;will play一般将来时态。根据问句"你好!我可以和凯特讲话吗?"结合语境推测答语是"对不起,她不在。她正在外面打乒乓球。"由此判断设空处的动作在说话时刻正在进行着,所以用现在进行时,现在进行时的构成是:主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词。 故选:A。
15. (2022·重庆市·历年真题)- Excuse me, what is Nick doing?
- Look! He flowers outside.
A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered
【答案】C
【解析】A.一般现在时;B.一般过去时;C.现在进行时;D.现在完成时。根据问句可知,这里是问的"正在做什么",所以答语要用现在进行时。 故选:C。
16. (2022·四川省达州市·历年真题)-Bruce so much in the past two years.
-Yeah, he be shy, but now he is confident and active.
A. has changed;used to B. changed;is used to
C. changed;used to D. has changed;is used to
【答案】A
【解析】第一个设空处:时间状语in the past two years为现在完成时标志,排除B和C;第二个设空处:指的是"他以前腼腆",用used to be shy;而不是be used to(习惯于),排除D。故选:A。
--Bruce在过去的两年间变了很多。
--是的,他以前很腼腆,但是现在他很自信、很活跃。
动词时态考查要注意上下文提示,以及其它关键词、时间状语等的提示。
17. (2022·重庆市·历年真题)I_______a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.
A. had B. was having C. have had D. will have
【答案】D
【解析】A.had一般过去时;B.was having过去进行时;C.have had现在完成时;D.will have一般将来时。根据句意:下周六我将举行一个聚会。我希望你能来。结合语境可知本句描述的是将来发生的动作,因此时态用一般将来时。故选:D。
18. (2022·四川省遂宁市·历年真题)- You dance so well, Alice.
- Thanks. I Chinese dance since I was 5 years old.
A. learn B. learnt C. am learning D. have learnt
【答案】D
【解析】根据since I was 5 years old可知主句用现在完成时,故填have learnt。 故选:D。
-你舞跳得真好,爱丽丝。 -谢谢。我从5岁开始学中国舞。
平时应注重积累常见的现在完成时的标志。
19. (2022·安徽省·模拟题)—Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher ______ it. It took him about an hour.
A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我们的电脑又能工作了!——是的。我们的IT老师把它修好了。这花了他大约一个小时。根据句意,表示动作已经完成且对现在造成的结果,应用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。
20. (2023·河北省石家庄市·期末考试)William six books, and all of them are bestsellers.
A. will write B. is writing C. has written D. was writing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:威廉写了六本书,它们都是畅销书。现在完成时指的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,根据后半句all of them are bestsellers“都是畅销书”,可知写书的动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响它们卖的很好,这是现在完成时的用法,其结构是have/has+过去分词,故选C。
21. (2022·全国·同步练习)There ______ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it?
A. are going to be B. was C. will be D. were
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这个周末有一个英语演出。我们去看好吗?根据句中的this weekend这个周末,可知时态是一般将来时,there be句型的一般将来时的构成是There will be 和 There be going to be, an English show是单数名词,用is going to be,所以A选项错误。故选C。
22. (2023·吉林省长春市·期末考试)—Would you like something to drink?
—No, thanks. I ______ some tea already.
A. have drunk B. was drinking C. will drink D. drink
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你想喝点什么吗?——不,谢谢。我已经喝了一些茶。根据题意和关键词already(已经)可知,此题为现在完成时态,其结构为:have/has+过去分词,排除BCD。故选A。
23. (2022·河北省石家庄市·期末考试)So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones ______ a lot.
A. is increasing B. are increasing C. has increased D. have increased
【答案】C
【解析】句意:到目前为止,使用5G手机的人数增加了很多。so far到目前为止,用于现在完成时,助动词have/has+过去分词,the number of...意为"……的数字",充当主语,谓语动词用单数,助动词要用has。故选C。
24. (2022·澳门特别行政区·单元测试)I saw Bob in the garden. He ______ flowers there.
A. waters B. has watered C. is watering D. was watering
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我刚才看见Bob在花园里,他正在那儿浇花。根据句意可知要用进行时,再结合前句的saw(see的过去式)可知,要用过去进行时。A一般现在时,B现在完成时,C现在进行时,D过去进行时。故选D。
25. (2022·广西壮族自治区贵港市·期末考试)—What good books did you read recently?
—I ________ Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你最近读了什么好书吗?——我从去年开始读了《中国好故事》,现在是第三遍了。根据语境及since last year(自从去年以来)可知,设空处谓语动词应用现在完成时。故选C。
26. (2021·全国·单元测试)— Jane, I rang you up last night but nobody answered.
— Oh, I together with my parents walks in the park then.
A. have taken B. was taking C. were taking D. had taken
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——简,我昨晚给你打了电话,但没人接。——哦,我和我父母一起正在公园里散步。根据语境:昨天打电话的时候正在散步,所以要用过去进行时态,was/were+动词ing形式,together要求谓语就前,故选:B。
27. (2021·四川省遂宁市·历年真题)—I ______ when you called me at 8: 00 last night.
—No wonder you didn't pick it up.
A. was taking a shower B. am taking a shower
C. took a shower D. take a shower
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——昨晚8点你打电话给我时,我正在洗澡。——怪不得你不接电话。根据at 8:00 last night,是指过去的具体时刻,时态用过去进行时。主语I接was+doing。故选A。
28. (2022·天津市·单元测试)We will play football if it ______ this Saturday.
A. doesn't snow B. won't snow C. isn't snowing D. didn't snow
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果这个星期六不下雪,我们将踢足球。if引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时代替将来时,所以用doesn't snow。故选:A。
29. (2022·北京市县·模拟题)—Lily, what do you usually do after school?
—I ______ exercise with my friends.
A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——莉莉,放学后你通常做什么?——我和朋友一起锻炼身体。根据频度副词usually可知,此处表示经常或习惯性的动作,所以用一般现在时。故选A。
30. (2022·全国·模拟题)My parents and I ______ trees last Sunday.
A. plant B. will plant C. are planting D. planted
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我父母和我上星期天植树了。根据last Sunday可知,要用一般过去时态,故选D。
31. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)Mr. Smith ______ Chinese for two years. He's much better at it now.
A. learns B. was learning C. has learned D. will learn
【答案】C
【解析】句意:史密斯先生学习汉语已经两年了,他现在更加擅长汉语了。因为句中有for two years所以要用现在完成时,其结构是have/has+done。A一般现在时,B过去进行时,C现在完成时,D一般将来时。故选C。
32. (2020·辽宁省沈阳市·期末考试)It______.Please take an umbrella with you, Annie.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. was raining
【答案】B
【解析】句意:正在下雨。带上一把雨伞,安妮。由 Please take an umbrella with you可知,时态是现在进行时be+doing。故选B。
33. (2022·安徽省·专项测试)In the past, people didn't know that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. will move B. moved C. would move D. moves
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在过去,人们不知道地球绕着太阳转。people didn't know that the earth____around the sun是宾语从句,主句是people didn't know是一般过去时,则从句应用相应的过去时态。但此处从句the earth____around the sun是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时,其结构是主语+动词原形,此处主语the earth是第三人称单数,谓语应用第三人称单数形式,即moves。故选:D。
34. (2021·云南省·历年真题)The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wonderful. So far, I ______ it three times.
A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch
【答案】C
【解析】句意:纪录片《航拍中国》很不错。到目前为止,我已经看了3次了。结合语境,且前面有so far,所以要用现在完成时,结构是have/has+done, 主语是I,所以用have watched。故选:C。
35. (2021·内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市·历年真题)—Have you ever been to Shanghai?
—Of course. Actually, I there for six years, but now I live in Beijing.
A. worked B. was working C. would work D. have worked
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你曾经去过上海吗?———当然。其实,我在那里工作了六年,但现在我生活在北京。根据题干中 but now I live in Beijing.可知我过去在上海生活了六年,表示发生在过去的事情,则应用一般过去时。故选A。
36. (2021·四川省甘孜藏族自治州·历年真题)He ______ with our teacher when I saw him.
A. was talking B. talks C. has talked D. will talk
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我看见他时,他正在和我们老师谈话。根据时间状语when I saw him可知,此处描述手机响起的时候正在发生的事情,应用过去进行时,其结构为:was/were+动词ing,主语是He,be动词用was,故选A。
37. (2022·山东省菏泽市·模拟题)—______ your homework?
—Not yet. I'll finish it in ten minutes.
A. Did you finish B. Have you finished
C. Will you finish D. Do you finish
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你完成你的家庭作业了吗?——还没有。我十分钟内就做完。not yet应用于现在完成时的否定回答,可见问句要用现在完成时:have/has+过去分词,故选B。
38. (2021·湖北省十堰市·历年真题)—Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan?
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It's fantastic.
A. had climbed B. climb C. climbed D. have climbed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你知道十堰的武当山吗?——是的,我去爬过两次。它很棒。A.过去完成时;B.一般现在时;C.一般过去时;D.现在完成时。结合语境可知,此处表示过去发生的动作(我去爬过两次)对现在造成的影响(认为它很棒),时态要用现在完成时,其结构是have/has+done。故选D。
39. (2021·广西壮族自治区梧州市·历年真题)—Is Helen here?
—No, she isn't here. She ______ in half an hour.
A. arrives B. arrived C. will arrive D. has arrived
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——海伦在吗?——不,她不在这儿。半小时后她就回来了。in half an hour半小时后,根据in+一段时间,表示……以后,要用于一般将来时态,故选C。
40. (2021·广西壮族自治区梧州市·历年真题)—Is Helen here?
—No, she isnˈt here. She _______ in half an hour.
A. arrives B. arrived C. will arrive D. has arrived
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——海伦在吗?——不,她不在这儿。半小时后她就回来了。in half an hour半小时后,根据in+一段时间,表示……以后,要用于一般将来时态,故选C。
41. (2021·贵州省毕节市·历年真题)I joined the book club last month and I _________ five books already.
A. am reading B. have read C. will read D. read
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我上个月加入了读书俱乐部,我已经读了五本书。 I joined the book club last month 我上个月加入了读书俱乐部;结合关键词already可知此题为现在完成时态,其结构为:have/has +过去分词。句意为:我已经读了五本书。have read 已经读了。故选B。
42. (2022·全国·同步练习)— Alice has gone out.
— Oh, has she? What time she ______?
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. is; going
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——爱丽丝出去了。——哦,是吗?她几点去的?根据语境可知,爱丽丝已经出去了,所以要用一般过去时态,故选C。
43. (2021·辽宁省营口市·历年真题)Where we should go ______ next Friday.
A. is decided B. was decided
C. will be decided D. has been decided
【答案】C
【解析】句意:下周五我们将决定去哪里。next Friday表示下周五,是一般将来时常用的时间状语。其次主语Where we should go和谓语动词decide是被动关系,表示被决定,则此处应用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构是主语+will be done,则C选项符合题意。故选C。
44. (2021·湖北省十堰市·历年真题)Mid-Autumn Day usually ______ on August 15th in the lunar calendar(阴历)every year.
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come
【答案】B
【解析】句意:每年的阴历八月十五日通常是中秋节。此句陈述客观事实,时态是一般现在时,主语是专有名词,动词要用第三人称单数形式comes。故选B。
45. (2021·广西壮族自治区百色市·历年真题)I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A. bought B. had C. have bought D. have had
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我有这辆自行车已经三年了。我非常喜欢它。bought买,过去式;had有,过去式;have bought已经买了,现在完成时;have had已经有了,现在完成时。根据for three years"三年了"可知,需用现在完成时态加延续性动词。bought非延续性动作,不能与一段时间连用。填have had。故选:D。
46. (2021·全国·单元测试)Lingling met her favourite presenter while she ______ the radio station.
A. visits B. will visit C. is visiting D. was visiting
【答案】D
【解析】句意:玲玲在她正在参观广播电台的时候遇到了她最喜欢的主持人。visits 一般现在时;will visit 一般将来时;is visiting 现在进行时;was visiting 过去进行时。根据"while"和语境,可知句子是含有while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句,根据主句谓语动词"met",可知主句用了一般过去时,即句子的情境是玲玲在她正在参观广播电台的时候遇到了她最喜欢的主持人,因此while引导的状语从句应用过去进行时。故选:D。
47. (2021·辽宁省沈阳市·历年真题)Tomorrow I'm flying to Beijing. I ________there for the following three weeks.
A. am B. have been C. will be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意:明天我将飞往北京。我将在那里呆三个星期。tomorrow明天,要用将来时will+动词原形,前后时态一致,后面也要用一般将来时。故选:C。
48. (2022·澳门特别行政区·单元测试)You can borrow this film—surely you ______ watching it.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed
【答案】C
【解析】根据汉语意思:你可以借这部电影——你一定会喜欢看它的。后面应该用一般将来时态,故选:C。
49. (2022·全国·同步练习)—Where is mum?
—In the living room. She ______ a book at the moment.
A. was reading B. will read C. is reading D. has read
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——妈妈在哪里?——在客厅里。她现在正在读一本书。根据时间状语at the moment可知,此处描述正在发生的事情,用现在进行时,其结构为:am/is/are+doing,主语she,be动词应是is,故选C。
50. (2021·黑龙江省绥化市·历年真题)He said that he ______ to Beijing the next month.
A. travel B. would travel C. travels
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他说他下个月要去北京。根据主句的时态为一般过去时可知,宾语从句中也应该是过去时的相应时态,根据时间状语next month可知,指的是将来的事实,所以用过去将来时。故选B。
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