语法专题十四 状语从句-中考语法一点通

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语法专题十四、状语从句（必考）
考点精讲

一个句子做整句话的状语，这个句子就叫做状语从句。状语从句根据从句在整句中表示的含义不同又可细分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句等。接下来我们重点复习几类状语从句。
一、时间状语从句
定义和特征
英语里如果用从句来表达一件事情或者一个动作发生的时间，那么这个从句就叫时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, before, after, since, as soon as, till/until等词引导。
【特征】含有时间状语从句的复合句，如果主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。（主将从现）

(2021·全国·单元测试)—Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite？
—As soon as the rain _____．
A. is stopping B. stopped C. will stop D. stops

几种常见时间状语从句。
1. when引导：when表示“当……时候”。
既可表示在某一时间点发生的事，又可表示在某一时间段发生的事。主句与从句描述的动作或事情可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生。
² When I got home, I found my baby girl singing in the living room.
当我到家时，我发现我的小女儿正在客厅里唱歌。
² Things were different when I was a child.
我小时候情况与现在不同。
【注意】when从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。
2. while引导：while表示“当……时候；在……期间”。强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间发生。
² My mom came in while I was watching TV. 我正在看电视的时候，妈妈进来了。
² We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
【注意】由于while从句表示一个持续的行为，所以while 所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词或者状态动词，且持续性动词常用进行时态。
3. before引导：before表示“在……之前”。主句动作发生在从句动作之前，主先后从。
² Turn off the lights before you go to bed.
睡觉前要关灯。（主先关灯 后从睡觉）
² She was a teacher before she founded her company.
她在创立公司之前是个老师。（主先老师 后从老板）
4. after引导：after表示“在……之后”。 主句动作发生在从句动作之后，即主后从先。
² I will tell you after they leave. 他们走了之后，我再告诉你。
² After you finish your homework, show it to me．你写完作业之后，拿给我看。
5. as soon as 引导：“一……就……” 强调动作紧密相连，主句动作紧接从句动作发生。
² I will call you as soon as arrive in Shanghai.我一到了上海就给你打电话。
² As soon as she meets her teacher, she will ask many questions.她一见到老师就会问许多问题。

(2020·江苏省扬州市·期中考试)---Lucy has gone to London. How can I get in touch with her?
​​​​​​​--- Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she_______there.
A. will get B. get C. gets D. getting

6. 用until 引导： “直到……”，表示动作或状态一直持续到某一时刻。
I watched him until he disappeared in the distance. 我看着他直到他消失在远方。
【拓展】这类句型的主句动词通常只能是延续性动词，不能是终止性动词。但是，在否定句中，主句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，构成not…until…句式，意为“直到……才……”，not否定主句，until后面的从句是肯定句。
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his work.
他直到忙完工作才睡觉。（字面意思：他不去睡觉直到他完成工作）
She didn’t marry until she was over forty.
她直到四十多岁才结婚。（字面意思：她没结婚直到她四十多岁。）

(2021·安徽省阜阳市·单元测试)—Excuse me. Is it my turn now?
—Not yet. Please wait here ________ your name is called.
A. and B. until C. although D. since

7. 用since引导：since表示“自从……以来”
①这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时，since后面的从句通常用一般过去时。
We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。
They’ve moved twice since they got married. 他们结婚后已搬了两次家。
②但是，当主句表示一段时间时，主句用一般现在时。如：
It’s a long time since we met last. 好久没见面了。

二、原因状语从句
原因状语从句就是表示主句行为原因的从句。引导原因状语从句的常见连词有because（因为）， since(由于， 既然)， as(由于，鉴于) ，for (因为)，等。初中阶段最常考的就是because引导的原因状语从句，其他几种了解即可。
【辨析】because 从句和because of 短语
because是连词，后面引导原因状语从句。
because of 是介词短语，后面接名词、代词、动名词（V-ing）。
because从句和because of有时候可以转换。
² He can’t come because he is ill. =
² He can’t come because of his illness.
他没来因为他生病了。

(2022·全国·期中考试)—Why was he late, Tom ?
—He was late _______ he was ill, not _______ the bad weather. 
A. because, because of B.  because of , because
C. because, because D.  because of , because of

【辨析】because, since, as和for的区别
这四个连词表示原因时，从语气上由强到弱依次为：because>since>as>for.
① because “因为”，表示直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句，一般放在主句之后，也可单独使用。because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开，位于句未时可不用逗号。
² ---Why are you late for school today? 你今天为什么上学迟到了？
² ---Because I met a traffic accident. 因为我遇到了一场交通事故。
【注意】because 和so不能同时出现在同一个复合句中，只能二选一。
² I do it because I like it. 我做这个事情，因为我喜欢。
² I like it so I do it. （因为）我喜欢，所以我做这个事情。
② since“因为；既然”。since引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之前，表示显然的或已知的理由。
² Since everyone is here, let’s get started. 既然大家都到了，就让我们开始吧。
【温故知新】since“自从”引导的时间状语从句，常用于现在完成时，不赘述。
③ as意为“由于，鉴于”。as从句表示双方已知的原因，类似since，语气比since弱些，比较正式。
² As you are tired, let’s take a rest. 鉴于你太累了，就让我们休息吧。
④ for意为“由于，因为”，for引导的是并列句，表示原因。不说明主句动作发生的直接原因，只提供些辅助性的补充说明。for引导的分句不放在句首，只能位于主句之后，并且for分句前常有逗号。
² He may be ill, for he is absent today. 他可能病了，因为他今天缺勤不在。

三、结果状语从句
结果状语从句是补充说明主句动作发生的结果。引导原因状语从句的常见连词有so(所以), so…that…和such…that…(如此……以致), 以及 so that（结果）。
【辨析】so…that…和such…that…(两种结构都意为“如此……以致……”)
so 后面修饰的核心词是形容词或副词，such后面修饰的核心词是名词。常见句型结构有：
Ø so ＋ 形容词/副词 ＋ that+从句；
Ø such ＋(a / an)＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ that+从句
Ø so＋ 形容词＋(a / an) ＋ 名词 ＋ that+从句
【注意】当名词前面有many， much， few， little 修饰时，则用“so”，不用 “such”。
² It was so hot that we all wanted to go swimming. 天气太热以致我们都想去游泳。
² He is such a good student that everyone likes him. = 他是如此好的学生以致大家都喜欢他。
² He is so good a student that everyone likes him. 他是如此好的一个学生以致大家都喜欢他。

1. (2022·广东省·单元测试)He is ________ boy that he can solve the problem easily.
A. such a clever B. such clever a C. so a clever D. so clever
2. (2018·黑龙江省绥化市·期中考试)— Why not listen to BBC news to improve your listening skills?
— It's ________ difficult ________ I can't follow it.
A. such; that B. so; that C. too; to D. so; to

四、目的状语从句
目的状语从句就是用以补充说明谓语动词发生的目的。引导目的状语从句的常用连词有 so that (以便，为了)和in order that(为了)。
【注意】目的状语从句中通常含有表示可能或能够的情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would等。
1. so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”, “以便”更常见。
He got up very early so that he would catch the first bus. 他早起床以便能赶上第一班公交。
【拓展】so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别。
so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。区别如下：
① 意思不一样。so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”； so that引导结果状语从句时，意为“结果，所以”。
② 结构不一样。so that引导的目的状语从句里常带有表示可能或能够的情态动词can, could, may, might, will, would等。so that引导的结果状语从句则没有情态动词，且so that 前常有逗号。例如：
² He didn’t work hard last term, so that he failed the final exam.
他上学期没努力学习，结果他期末考试不及格。（结果状语从句）
² He works very hard this term so that he will go to the best senior high school next year.
他这学期学习非常努力，为了明年他可以考上最好的高中。（目的状语从句）
2. in order that引导目的状语从句时，意为“为了”, 目的更直接些。也可以与so that句型互换。
² He got up very early so that he could catch the first bus. 他早起床是为了能够赶上第一班公交。
² He got up very early in order that he would catch the first bus. 他早起床以便能赶上第一班公交。
【注意】in order that句型有时候可以与in order to do结构互换。
² He got up very early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起床为了赶上第一班公交。

(2021·江苏省·月考试卷)He works hard ________ he can get good grades in senior high entrance examination.
A. because B. even though C. so that D. in order to

五、让步状语从句
1. 什么是让步状语从句
让步状语从句是状语从句的一种，一般翻译为“尽管/即使……”，顾名思义就是“让一步说、退一步说”。初中阶段最常考的是 though/although引导的让步状语从句。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though，although，even if，even though，no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever，as, while, whether…or…, regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite，in spite of。初中阶段遇到的让步状语从句有though/although, even though/if, no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever。
² Whatever (No matter what) happens, she never gives up.
无论发生什么事，她（邓亚萍）都不放弃。
² Even though (even if) all of the photos are excellent, we are sorry to say that we cannot give prizes to everyone.尽管所有照片都很棒，我们只能遗憾地说不能给每个人奖项。
2. although/though让步状语从句
although/though表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，一般情况下可以互换。
although比though更正式，语气更强。两词在句中位置可前可后。
² I can look after myself, although it won’t be easy for me.
我能照顾自己，尽管这对我来说不容易。
² Although/ though he was very tired, he (still) kept on working.
虽然/尽管他很累，他仍然还坚持工作。
【注意】切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与still和yet连用。

(2021·全国·单元测试)________ the traffic was heavy, ________ we got to the railway station on time.
A. Although; but B. Though; but C. Although; / D. But; though

六、条件状语从句
1. 什么是if条件状语从句（概念梳理）
条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件的一种状语从句。和大多数状语从句一样，掌握条件状语从句最重要的依然是掌握连词。条件状语从句的常用连词有：if, unless（除非）, as long as（只要）, only if（只有）, in case that, on condition that等。初中阶段要求必须掌握的是if引导的条件状语从句。
if是引导条件状语从句最常用的连词，意为“如果”。
从句 主句
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力学习，你就会通过这个考试。
主句动作：you will pass the exam
前提条件：you study hard （完整句子做状语，表示主句动作发生的条件）
然后还需要用if这个连词来引导这个条件状语从句。
所以，if条件状语从句就是if引导的状语从句在复合句中作条件状语。
2. if条件状语从句的位置
if引导的条件状语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。if从句在主句前时常用逗号隔开，在主句后通常不用逗号隔开。
² If you ever go to London, make sure you visit the Science Museum. =
² Make sure you visit the Science Museum if you ever go to London.
如果你去伦敦，一定要确保去参观科学博物馆。
3. if条件状语从句的用法和时态
（1）“if条件状语从句+祈使句”这种结构可用来表达建议或意见。此时主句是祈使句（动词原形开头），if条件状语从句用一般现在时，即“主祈从现”。
² If you don’t feel well, go to see the doctor please. 如果你感觉不舒服，就去看医生。
（2）if条件状语从句可以表示在某种条件下，某事很可能会发生。此时主句通常用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。
² If I start after dinner, I’ll finish it before I go to bed. 如果饭后做作业，我睡觉前就能完成。

(2021·重庆市市辖区·月考试卷)If it _______ tomorrow, we will go to the park.
A. isn’t rain B. don’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. won’t rain
（3）主句含有情态动词can, may, must, should，从句用一般现在时表将来，即“主情从现”。
² She may come with us if she arrives in time.
如果她及时到了，她可能会和我们一起去。
（4）【拓展】如果if条件状语从句不是表达将来会发生的事情，则不需要用一般现在时表将来。主句和从句的时态均按照动作发生的实际情况采用不同时态。
² If you are looking for a perfect present, this is the right place for you.
如果你正在寻找一件完美礼物，这就是你要来的地方。
（5）【拓展】if引导的条件状语从句还可以表示一种虚拟的条件或假设，即从句表示的条件是不会实现或根本不可能成立，是一种“虚拟语气”。此时从句用一般过去时（如果是be动词，一律用were），主句可用过去将来时。高中阶段会学习更多if条件从句虚拟语气的情况。
² If I were you, I wouldn’t do it like that. （“我是你”这个条件是不可能实现的）
如果我是你，我是不会那么做的。
4. 【拓展】if还可以引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，常和 “whether”互换。
if 引导宾语从句时的时态问题遵循普通宾语从句的时态原则。
主句是现在时，从句的时态根据实际需要，该用什么时态用什么时态
He says he won’t be late again.
他说他再也不会迟到。
主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态
He said he would come on time tomorrow.
他说他明天会按时到。
如果宾语从句是客观事实或真理、定理、法则等，即使主句用过去时，从句也用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us that the moon goes around the earth.
我们老师告诉我们月亮围绕地球转。
（宾语从句的时态三原则）
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否会来。
I wonder whether/if you can help me. 我想知道你能否帮我。
【注意】下列情况只能用 whether:
①在动词不定式前只能用whether。I can’t decide whether to stay.
②后有or not 时只能用whether。I want to know whether it’s true or not.
③在介词后，只能用whether。His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.
⑤用if发生歧义时，只用whether。Could you tell me whether you know the answer?
【易考易错点】if(是否)引导宾语从句&if(如果)引导条件状语从句的时态问题

(2022·贵州省铜仁市·模拟题)I want to know if he ______ tomorrow, if he ______, please call me in time.
A. will come; comes B. comes; will come
C. comes; comes D. will come; will come


考点精练

中考语法—状语从句专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）
1. He's not a perfect child. He sometimes talks back _____his parents talk with him.
A. if B. before C. when D. until
2. —Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack?
​​​​​​​—Certainly. _______ he comes back.
A. Before B. As soon as C. Until D. Unless
3. To make your DIY work perfect, you'd better not start ______ you get ​​​all the tools ready.
A. when B. while C. before D. after
4. —Where was your dad at this time last night？
—He was talking with my uncle ______ I was looking for some information on the Internet．
A. after B. until C. since D. while
5. ______ I walk around in this small town, what I see makes me think of my childhood.
A. Whatever B. Wherever C. Whoever D. However
6. Many people like pandas           ​​​​​​​ they are cute.
A. though B. if C. while D. because
7. I donˈt like Sun Cinema ________ it has bad service.
A. because B. although C. unless D. until
8. —What shall we do now?
—_______it's raining hard, let's stay at home.
A. So B. Since C. Though D. If
9. We must get up early ______ we can catch the first bus to school.
A. so that B. such that C. in order to D. in order
10. Every day, he gets up early ______ he can catch the first bus.
A. because B. since C. when D. so that
11. Lily was _________ hungry _________ she ate three hamburgers in one go．
A. too； to B. so； that C. enough； that D. such; that
12. Jim is always so busy        ​ he has little time for his family.
A. if B. until C. that D. which
13. Prince George is ______ lovely that many people like him very much.
A. very B. such C. as D. so
14. At last， Amy grew ____ tired ____ she fell asleep．
A. as；as B. such； that
C. so； that D. not only； but also
15. ______ you look after it carefully, this coat will keep you warm through many winters.
A. If B. Unless C. Before D. So
16. The nurse won't leave her patients    she's sure they are all taken good care of.　　
A. unless B. because C. since D. if
17. —The air pollution is terrible.
—It will be worse ______ we take action to protect the environment.
A. if B. unless C. until D. when
18. Learning to write is learning to think. You don’t know things clearly _______ you can write them down.
A. unless B. if C. since D. whether
19. Your dream will come true _______ you put your heart and soul into it．　
A. if B. unless C. although D. until
20. ______ Mike didn't win the race，he was still wearing a smile on his face.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
21. "A white elephant" means something that is useless, ______ it may cost a lot of money.
A. unless B. until C. since D. although
22. ______ Mr. Smith has learned Chinese for only half a year, he can speak it very well.
A. But B. So C. Although D. And
23. _______she is 3 years old, ________ she can dress herself.
A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Though; / D. Because; /
24.           ​​​​​​​ Simon has done well in his studies,  he still works really hard.
A. Since B. If C. Although D. Unless
25. ______ it was raining heavily, the policemen were still working on the roads.
A. If B. Because C. Although D. Until
26. She is listening to music           he is doing his homework．
A. after B. before C. while D. then
27. I like this dress better，but it costs almost twice _________ that one．
A. as less as B. as much as C. as more as D. as long as
28. My parents are always worried about what will happen if I          ．　　
A. succeeded B. won't succeed C. will fail D. fail
29. On June 29，2012，China's Shenzhou-9 spacecraft landed      at the main landing area in northern China's Inner Mongolia （内蒙古）．
A. safe B. safely C. safety D. safetyly
30. I didn't go surfing ______ it was too cold．
A. though B. so that C. because D. even if
31.        it is often cold in the mountains, you need to wear warm clothes.
A. Though B. Unless C. As D. Until
32. Zootopia, the cartoon, is popular             there are many lovely animals in it．
A. though B. because C. if D. because of
33. She dressed up         everyone might notice her．　　
A. in order to B. in order that C. although D. but
34. Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ______ we can find out what's going on around the world.
A. so that B. even though C. in order to D. instead of
35. Mary shut the window just now ______ she could keep the insects out.
A. so that B. when C. till D. after
36. We should take care of the earth ________ we can make a better world to live in.
A. so that B. until C. even if D. while
37. The doctors were            busy ​​​​​​​           they had no time to rest.
A. such；that B. so；that C. too；to D. to; too
38. She was so angry at _______ he was doing _______ she walked out without a word．
A. what； that B. that； what C. what； what D. that； that
39. —We can’t be successful ________ we keep working hard.
—I agree with you.
A. if B. unless C. because D. when
40. —Betty, do you know if Tony ______ the photo competition?
—He will, if he ______ his project in Australia.
A. enters; finishes B. enters; will finish
C. will enter; finishes D. will enter; will finish
41. ——Excuse me, could you please tell me if the sports meeting ______ on time?
——Hard to say. If it ______ tomorrow, we'll have to put it off.
A. will hold; rains B. will be held; rains
C. will be held; will rain D. holds; will rain
42. Tom failed in the exam again           he tried his best．
A. if B. unless C. though D. because
43. ____ we didn't win the basketball game, we were satisfied with our hard work.
A. If B. Though C. Since D. Because
44. Our Chinese teacher is nice and patient ______ she is very strict with us.
A. if B. as C. unless D. though
45. Millie's research paper isn't up to standard ______ she has worked at it for two weeks.
A. since B. unless C. if D. although
46. He felt          ​​​​​​​surprised that he couldn't say a word with is mouth wide open.
A. very B. such C. so D. too
47. Yesterday Lucy told us such good ______ that we are all amazed at it.
A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer
48. The book is________ interesting__________I can't put it down．
A. so；that B. such；that C. too； to D. very；that
49. Lucy didn't stop crying ____________ her parents came back．
A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while
50. Mr. Smith has a habit of taking a shower ______ he has breakfast.
A. though B. before C. because D. since