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2022-2023学年四川省宜宾市叙州重点中学高二下学期期中英语试卷含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年四川省宜宾市叙州重点中学高二下学期期中英语试卷含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了选词填空-句子，阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年四川省宜宾市叙州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
1. The five interlocked Olympic rings have become fairly familiar at this point. But do you know what they mean and the story behind their (1) (create)?
The 1912 Olympic Games, held in Sweden, were the first to include athletes from (2) were then considered the five continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and America. (3) (inspire) by what had become a (4) (true) global event, Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games: the Olympic rings. Since 1920, the Olympic rings (5) (use) in every summer and winter Games.
Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic (6) (meaning), it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand (7) something specific, like a continent. (8) in reality, that's not the case at all. Coubertin (9) (choose) the six official Olympic colors-blue, yellow, black, green, red, and white (featured in the background) -because when he introduced the symbol in 1913, every single flag of the nations (10) (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol. Or, in his own words: "The six colors thus combined reproduce those of all nations without exception."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
A medical emergency can happen anywhere at any time.Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response.But before an ambulance can get to the scene，the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who is injured seriously makes a difference between life and death.Life Saver Team has been providing CPR （心肺复苏术） and first aid training since 2009.Here are a few of their most popular courses：
CPR AED
It is a classroom video-based，instructor-led course that teaches the basic techniques of CPR and the use of an AED（自动体外除颤器），as well as how to relieve choking.This course teaches skills with research proven techniques.
• Course length：2 hours
• Price： ﹩50 （Sign up for a first aid course for an additional ﹩30）
Upon completion of this course，students will receive an American Heart Association Heart Saver Fist Aid Course Completion Card that is valid （有效的） for two years.
Basic Life Support
This is a classroom course designed to provide a wide variety of healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies，provide CPR，and relieve choking in a timely and effective manner.
• Course length：4 hours
• Price： ﹩60 （Sign up for a first aid course for an additional ﹩30）
The American Heart Association BLS for Healthcare Provider Course Completion Card is valid for two years.
First Aid
It is a classroom，video-based，instructor-led course that teaches students critical skills to manage an emergency in the first few minutes until emergency medical services arrive.Students learn skills such as how to treat bleeding，broken bones and other first aid emergencies.
• Course length：2 hours
• Price： ﹩45
Upon completion of this course，students will receive an American Heart Association Heart Saver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years.
2. What should be often done first in a medical emergency？ ______
A. Providing professional first aid.
B. Asking for help at once.
C. Taking the injured to the hospital.
D. Leaving the scene as soon as possible.
3. How much does it cost if a person wants to learn about CPR and AED？ ______
A. ﹩50. B. ﹩30. C. ﹩60. D. ﹩45.
4. What do the listed courses have in common？ ______
A. They are available online.
B. They are for all individuals.
C. They take the same amount of time.
D. They include a two-year AHA certificate.
B
Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe，according to a study of plastic particles （微粒） carried in the air.
People are already known to breathe，drink and eat microplastics，and research suggests that pollution levels will continue to rise rapidly.The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.
Professor Natalie Mahowald，at Cornell University in the US and part of the research team，said， "But maybe we could solve this before it becomes a huge problem，if we manage our plastics better，before they accumulate in the environment and move around everywhere." The research，published in the journal Proceedings of the National Acadenry of Sciences，examined airborne （空气传播的） microplastics，which have been far less，studied than plastics in oceans and rivers.
The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US.These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources.They found that roads were the main factor in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air.These are likely to include particles from tires and brake pads on vehicles，and plastics from litter that had been broken down.
The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.
Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources."
5. What can breathing in microplastics result in？ ______
A. Inability to eat and drink. B. Losing the sense of hearing.
C. Suffering from lung diseases. D. Temporary loss of consciousness
6. How does the author organize Paragraph 4？ ______
A. By giving examples. B. By presenting statistics.
C. By making comparisons. D. By making a definition.
7. What may contribute most to the microplastic pollution in India？ ______
A. Human activities. B. Particles from fields.
C. Particles from tires and litter. D. Changes of the environment.
8. What can we learn from Stohl's words？ ______
A. The nature of microplastic transport is misunderstood.
B. The potential damage of microplastic pollution is ignored.
C. The way of collecting samples of microplastics should be improved.
D. More data needs collecting to understand the sources of microplastics.
C
For many people，Christmas is a time to cozy up inside with yummy treats and pretty decorations while the snow falls outside.However，people living in nursing homes often have few family members to celebrate with.
In 2009，Patricia Gallagher in Philadelphia were aware of this so she decided to bring a Christmas book to different nursing homes and read for people.She said， "I just got this idea in my head to call two nursing homes at random and ask if my mother and I could come and read 'Twas the Night Before Christmas.'" The nursing homes were more than happy to welcome her in and the residents of those homes were equally thrilled.Thus，her holiday tradition started.
To go along with the book reading，Patricia brought some of her kids' stuffed animals so the senior residents could hold them while she read the story.
But，when it was time to pack up and go to the next nursing home，Patricia found that no one wanted to give the stuffed animals back!She said， "It was just a nursing home with a lot of elderly people sitting in wheelchairs.And all of a sudden，the whole room became alive with jingling bells and they really didn't want to give them back because they thought we had given them a gift."
Seeing the joy that a simple present can bring，Patricia had the idea to gather stuffed animals and dolls as a gift for senior citizens living in nursing homes.Then，she put an ad up for gently used stuffed animals on a website.It wasn't long before the local communities and schools started hosting stuffed animal collections on her behalf.In just two years，she collected more than 11，000 stuffed animals to gift people!
With so many stuffed animals，Patricia started offering gifts to people living in homes for veterans （退伍军人） as well.She said， "These stuffed animals not only bring people joy，but bring back the memories of their childhood and give them some comfort."
9. What did Patricia do in 2009 according to the passage？ ______
A. She found a good job in a nursing home.
B. She spent her holiday reading for the elderly.
C. She visited her best friends in a nursing home.
D. She sent some cute animals to lonely strangers.
10. Why did the seniors refuse to give stuffed animals back？ ______
A. The stuffed animals were broken.
B. The stuffed animals were donated by others.
C. They wanted to purchase the stuffed animals.
D. They regarded the stuffed animals as their gifts.
11. Which of the following can best describe Patricia？ ______
A. Sympathetic and generous. B. Influential and creative.
C. Enthusiastic and genuine. D. Ambitious and.humble.
12. What can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. A Nursing Home Is Many People's Home
B. The Elderly Deserve More Care And Love
C. A Woman Gifts Stuffed Animals to Senior Citizens
D. A Family Tradition Helps Hundreds of Lonely People
D
If you've ever felt "butterflies in your stomach" when nervous，you're likely getting signals from an unexpected source：your second brain.Hidden in the walls of the digestive system，this "brain in your gut （肠道） " is revolutionizing medicine's understanding of the links between digestion，mood and health.Scientists call this little brain the enteric nervous system （ENS 肠神经系统）.
The ENS is two thin layers of more than 100 million nerve cells lining your gut.Unlike the big brain in your head，the ENS can't calculate or compose a love note. "Its main role is controlling digestion，" explains Jay Pasricha，M.D.，director of the Johns Hopkins Center. "The enteric nervous system doesn't seem capable of thought as we know it，but it communicates back and forth with our big brain." For decades，researchers and doctors thought that anxiety and depression contributed to gut problems.But Pasricha's research shows that it can also be the other way around.
Our two brains "talk" to each other，so treatments that help one may help the other.In a way，doctors who treat digestive conditions are like advisors looking for ways to comfort the second brain.Psychological approaches also help to improve communications between the big brain and the brain in our gut.
Pasricha says the research suggests that digestive-system activity may affect thinking skills and memory，too. "This is an area that needs more research，something we hope to do here at Johns Hopkins，" he says.
13. Why does the author mention "butterflies in your stomach" in paragraph 1？ ______
A. To show the power of the ENS.
B. To prove the origin of the idiom.
C. To explain why you're very nervous.
D. To engage the readers with the topic.
14. What does Pasricha's research tell us？ ______
A. The main role of the ENS has changed.
B. Depression contributes to gut problems.
C. The ENS affects what happens in the brain.
D. Gut problems are different from what they were.
15. What is the benefit of Pasricha's research？ ______
A. It helps to prevent stomach problems.
B. It leads to further brain improvement.
C. It creates new treatment opportunities.
D. It gives a guide for better communication.
16. What do we learn from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The research proves quite fruitful.
B. There is still more to learn about mind-gut link.
C. Digestive-system activity has other bad influence.
D. Pasricha is determined to improve people's memory.
三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
What do you do when you get a headache，toothache，or fever？（ 1） ______ Aspirin（阿司匹林） is a drug that has become more and more popular because it can help people with many illnesses.Today about 40，000 metric tons of aspirin are being consumed each year and it has become one of the most widely used medications in the world.
Aspirin is effective to stop pain. （2） ______ It is also used to stop fever and cold，and flu medicines also have aspirin in them.Moreover，small amounts of it can help prevent heart attacks，strokes and even cancer.One thing that aspirin does is that it makes the blood thinner，so the blood can move around the body more easily.
Is aspirin dangerous？Does aspirin have side effects？（ 3） ______ Several hundred people die each year from taking too much aspirin.High-dose aspirin may cause stomach bleeding and tinnitus（耳鸣）.Some people are advised not to take low-dose aspirin，because it reduces uric acid excretion（尿酸排泄）. （4） ______
But overall，aspirin is usually not dangerous for adults if it is taken in small amounts.Many people get help for various illnesses by taking a tablet that contains aspirin. （5） ______
A.It is truly an amazing drug for people.
B.It is not necessary to be worried about that.
C.Whether aspirin is bad or not remains to be seen.
D.Therefore，most headache medicines have aspirin in them.
E.Aspirin is a drug and like any other drug，it can be quite dangerous.
F.Well，if you go to the doctor，you are likely to be given medicine with some aspirin in it.
G.Aspirin has also been removed from children's medicines for fear of death from taking it.
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
21. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
四、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Draper was the owner of a secondhand bookstore.One day，when he was sorting through old books，an envelope （1） ______ from one.Inside was an undated （2） ______ and a faded photo of a woman holding a little girl on her lap.The letter said if Bethany was （3） ______ it，it meant the author had died.
Tears were welling up in Draper's eyes.These were a （4） ______ woman's last words to her child.He had to （5） ______ Bethany."Whoever it is will want this，"he thought."You wouldn't （6） ______ a letter like that."
He supposed if the book ended up in his shop，then Bethany was （7） ______ from around Bishop Auckland.And he thought he would （8） ______ the little girl's face.Even if she'd （9） ______ the area，there might be someone in the town who would recognize the picture.
He started with the local newspaper.The Northern Echo wrote about the story of the （10） ______ letter.
（ 11） ______ ，Bethany Gash，now 21 and a mother herself，was on Facebook about 10 miles away when a close friend messaged her to check out the （12） ______ .As she read her mother's （13） ______ ，which she thought had been lost forever，she said she thought she must be （14） ______
Bethany was only 4 when her mother died.Five years later，her family （15） ______ to a new home.And the letter，put away in the pages of a book for safe keeping，was unintentionally （16） ______ .She remembered unpacking and looking for the letter，and then madly searching through everything in the （17） ______ that it was there."That's when I realized it was gone and I'd never see it again，"she said.
Draper （18） ______ the letter in person.He also （19） ______ her a children's book for her son.Bethany was greatly moved to have the letter back，and also touched by the stranger's （20） ______ .
22. A. reflected B. operated C. drafted D. fell
23. A. biography B. airmail C. postcard D. letter
24. A. reading B. destroying C. adapting D. piling
25. A. talented B. shallow C. voluntary D. dying
26. A. find B. introduce C. phone D. comfort
27. A. test out B. throw away C. cut out D. adjust to
28. A. likely B. luckily C. slowly D. suddenly
29. A. witness B. govern C. forget D. recognize
30. A. bought B. left C. annoyed D. desired
31. A. vivid B. absurd C. lost D. broken
32. A. However B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise
33. A. ticket B. routine C. homework D. article
34. A. textbooks B. lectures C. words D. languages
35. A. writing B. dreaming C. joking D. conducting
36. A. moved B. turned C. contributed D. pointed
37. A. burned B. donated C. abolished D. robbed
38. A. hope B. silence C. ambition D. concept
39. A. kept B. distributed C. delivered D. published
40. A. abandon B. brought C. returned D. sold
41. A. expectation B. apology C. kindness D. security
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One evening after supper，Mom or I went to our little vegetable garden，only to find quite a few cucumbers were destroyed.Dried leaf were left on the ground，making us to feel sad.Observing careful，we found some animal footprints here.We guessed that it must be a pet dog that had made the mess.
Several days later，to our great excite，the damaged vegetables begin to grow again.Some even had little cucumbers，which goes as the saying "Misfortune may be an actual good thing!".This taught him a good lesson—we should treat a bad thing in positive way instead of turn angry.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假定你是李华，上周五参加了学校运动会。请你根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记，记述你此次参加学校运动会的经历。要点包括：
1.你的角色；
2.参与过程；
3.你的感受。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
creation
【小题2】
what
【小题3】
Inspired
【小题4】
truly
【小题5】
have been used
【小题6】
meanings
【小题7】
for
【小题8】
But
【小题9】
chose
【小题10】
participating
【解析】1. 句意：但你知道它们的含义和它们诞生背后的故事吗？分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，creation名词，意为“诞生”，不可数名词，符合句意。故填creation。
2. 句意：1912年在瑞典举行的奥运会，是第一次有来自当时被认为是五大洲：非洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和美洲的运动员参加的奥运会。分析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物应用what。故填what。
3. 句意：受这一真正的全球盛会的启发，顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志：奥林匹克五环。分析句子结构可知，inspire在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用动词的-ed形式作状语。句首单词首字母需大写。故填Inspired。
4. 句意：受这一真正的全球盛会的启发，顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志：奥林匹克五环。分析句子可知，修饰形容词global应用副词truly，作状语，故填truly。
5. 句意：从1920年开始，奥林匹克五环开始在每年的夏季和冬季奥运会上使用。分析句子可知，主语与谓语构成被动关系；根据上文Since 1920可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为the Olympic rings，助动词用have。故填have been used。
6. 句意：鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解，似乎可以有把握地假设，奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西，比如一块大陆。meaning“意思，意义”，此处为可数名词，空前有many修饰应用复数形式。故填meanings。
7. 句意：鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解，似乎可以有把握地假设，奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西，比如一块大陆。stand for意为“代表”，固定短语，符合句意。故填for。
8. 句意：但在现实中，情况并非如此。结合前后文语境可知，为转折关系，应用连词but。句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
9. 句意：顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白（作为背景颜色），因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时，每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。根据后文when he introduced the symbol in 1913可知，用一般过去时。故填chose。
10. 句意：顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白（作为背景颜色），因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时，每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。分析句子结构可知，participate应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nations构成主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式作定语。故填participating。
2~4.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response.（花点时间寻求帮助通常是最好的第一反应。）可知，遇到紧急情况时首先应该寻求帮助，故选B。
（2）A.数字计算题。根据CPR AED介绍内容•Price： ﹩50 .（收费是50美元。）可知，如果想学习CPR and AED，应该付费50美元，故选A。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段Upon completion of this course，students will receive an American Heart Association Heart Saver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years.（完成本课程后，学生将收到美国心脏协会心脏保护器CPR AED课程完成卡，有效期两年。）可知，本文提到的学习课程的相同点是它们包括两年AHA证书，故选D。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要向读者介绍了一些遇到紧急情况时的处理措施。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。
5~8.【答案】C、B、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.（研究人员表示，吸入这些颗粒物会对肺组织有害，并导致严重疾病。）可知，吸入微塑料会导致肺部疾病。故选C项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US.These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources.They found that roads were the main factor in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air. （该团队从美国西部的11个地点收集了300多个空气传播的微塑料样本。这些是估计不同来源贡献的大气建模的基础。他们发现，道路是美国西部的主要因素，与空气中约85%的微塑料有关。）可知，本段列举了多个数据，如300 samples、11 sites和85% of the microplastics in the air，可知作者是通过呈现数据来组织段落的。A．By giving examples.通过举例；B．By presenting statistics.通过展示统计数据；C．By making comparisons.通过比较；D．By making a definition.通过下定义。故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.（研究人员将他们的建模工作扩展到了全球范围，这表明，虽然道路也可能是欧洲、南美和澳大利亚空气中塑料的主要驱动因素，但在非洲和亚洲，从田地里吹出的塑料颗粒可能是一个更大的因素。）可知，印度属于亚洲国家，印度微塑料污染的可能的主要原因来自田地里的塑料颗粒。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据第六段Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources."（维也纳大学地球科学学院的安德烈亚斯•斯托尔教授说："这项研究证实了微塑料在大气中传输的全球范围的性质，并很好地突出了高度相关和令人担忧的可能性，但还需要更多的测量数据来更好地了解来源。"）可知，我们从斯托尔的话中了解到的是需要收集更多数据来了解微塑料的来源。故选D项。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家在全球所作的一项关于微塑料在空气中污染的调查，发现各国空气中的塑料微粒来源不同，但具体的来源还需要精确的测量数据。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
9~12.【答案】B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In 2009，Patricia Gallagher in Philadelphia were aware of this so she decided to bring a Christmas book to different nursing homes and read for people. （2009年，费城的Patricia Gallagher意识到了这一点，于是她决定把一本圣诞书带到不同的养老院，为人们阅读。）可知，她在2009年做的事情应该包括在圣诞节的时候去养老院为老人读书。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句And all of a sudden，the whole room became alive with jingling bells and they really didn't want to give them back because they thought we had given them a gift. （突然间，整个房间都充满了叮当作响的铃声，他们真的不想还给他们，因为他们认为我们给了他们一份礼物。）可知，老人之所以不肯退回毛绒玩具，是因为他们以为这是礼物。故选D项。
（3）观点态度题。根据第二段第一句In 2009，Patricia Gallagher in Philadelphia were aware of this so she decided to bring a Christmas book to different nursing homes and read for people. （2009年，费城的Patricia Gallagher意识到了这一点，于是她决定把一本圣诞书带到不同的养老院，为人们阅读。）和第三段To go along with the book reading，Patricia brought some of her kids' stuffed animals so the senior residents could hold them while she read the story. （为了配合读书，Patricia带了一些她的孩子们的毛绒玩具，这样老年居民就可以在她读故事时抱着它们。）可知，她富有同情心，愿意把自己的假日时间花在陪伴养老院里的老人上，而且很慷慨大方，把自己孩子的玩具也贡献出来了。A．Sympathetic and generous.富有同情心且慷慨大方的；B．Influential and creative.有影响力和创造力的；C．Enthusiastic and genuine.热情真诚的；D．Ambitious and.humble.雄心勃勃又谦逊的。故选A项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据本文最后一段With so many stuffed animals，Patricia started offering gifts to people living in homes for veterans （退伍军人） as well.She said， "These stuffed animals not only bring people joy，but bring back the memories of their childhood and give them some comfort.".（有了这么多毛绒玩具，Patricia也开始向住在退伍军人之家的人提供礼物。她说："这些毛绒动物不仅给人们带来了欢乐，还带回了他们童年的记忆，给他们一些安慰。"）可知，本文主要讲述富有同情心的Patricia女士为老人阅读并送上填充毛绒玩具的善人善举。因此C．A Woman Gifts Stuffed Animals to Senior Citizens（一名妇女向老年人赠送填充动物玩具）是本文的最佳标题。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了富有同情心的Patricia女士在节日里陪伴养老院的老人，给他们阅读和送毛绒玩具的善人善举。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
13~16.【答案】D、C、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段If you've ever felt "butterflies in your stomach" when nervous，you're likely getting signals from an unexpected source：your second brain.Hidden in the walls of the digestive system，this "brain in your gut （肠道） " is revolutionizing medicine's understanding of the links between digestion，mood and health.Scientists call this little brain the enteric nervous system（ENS 肠神经系统）. （如果你在紧张的时候感到"肚子里七上八下"，你很可能从一个意想不到的来源得到了信号：你的第二大脑。这种隐藏在消化系统壁上的"肠道大脑"正在彻底改变医学对消化、情绪和健康之间联系的理解。科学家称这个小大脑为肠道神经系统。）可知，作者提到"butterflies in your stomach"的目的是为了向读者引出本文的主题，也就是——隐藏在消化系统壁上的"肠道大脑"正在彻底改变医学对消化、情绪和健康之间联系的理解。A．To show the power of the ENS.来展示ENS的力量；B．To prove the origin of the idiom.来证明习语的起源；C．To explain why you're very nervous.解释你为什么非常紧张；D．To engage the readers with the topic.用这个话题吸引读者。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Its main role is controlling digestion，" explains Jay Pasricha，M.D.，director of the Johns Hopkins Center. "The enteric nervous system doesn't seem capable of thought as we know it，but it communicates back and forth with our big brain." For decades，researchers and doctors thought that anxiety and depression contributed to gut problems.But Pasricha's research shows that it can also be the other way around.（ "它的主要作用是控制消化，"约翰霍普金斯中心主任Jay Pasricha医学博士解释说。"肠道神经系统似乎没有我们所知道的思考能力，但它与我们的大脑来回交流。"几十年来，研究人员和医生认为焦虑和抑郁会导致肠道问题。但Pasricha的研究表明，情况也可能相反。）可知，肠神经系统会影响大脑。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Our two brains "talk" to each other，so treatments that help one may help the other.In a way，doctors who treat digestive conditions are like advisors looking for ways to comfort the second brain.Psychological approaches also help to improve communications between the big brain and the brain in our gut.（我们的两个大脑相互"交谈"，所以对一个大脑有帮助的治疗可能对另一个大脑也有帮助。在某种程度上，治疗消化疾病的医生就像顾问一样，寻找安慰第二大脑的方法。心理学方法也有助于改善大脑和肠道大脑之间的沟通。）可知，Pasricha的研究为以后的治疗提供了更多的治疗思路。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Pasricha says the research suggests that digestive-system activity may affect thinking skills and memory，too. "This is an area that needs more research，something we hope to do here at Johns Hopkins，" he says.（ Pasricha说，研究表明，消化系统的活动也可能影响思维能力和记忆力。"这是一个需要更多研究的领域，我们希望在约翰霍普金斯大学做一些事情，"他说。）可知，关于消化系统和大脑之间的联系，还有更多需要研究的方面。A．The research proves quite fruitful.这项研究证明颇有成效；B．There is still more to learn about mind-gut link.关于心灵与内脏的联系，还有更多需要学习；C．Digestive-system activity has other bad influence.消化系统活动还有其他不良影响；D．Pasricha is determined to improve people's memory.Pasricha决心提高人们的记忆力。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，隐藏在消化系统壁上的"肠道大脑"正在彻底改变医学对消化、情绪和健康之间联系的理解。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
17~21.【答案】F、D、E、G、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据下文Aspirin （阿司匹林） is a drug that has become more and more popular because it can help people with many illnesses. （阿司匹林是一种越来越受欢迎的药物，因为它可以帮助患有许多疾病的人）可知，下文提到了阿司匹林这种药。再结合上文What do you do when you get a headache，toothache，or fever？（当你头痛、牙痛或发烧时，你会怎么做？）推知，在这些情况下如果你就医的话，医生可能会给你开含有阿司匹林的药。 F项"Well，if you go to the doctor，you are likely to be given medicine with some aspirin in it.（嗯，如果你去看医生，医生可能会给你服用含有阿司匹林的药物）"符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。根据下文It is also used to stop fever and cold，and flu medicines also have aspirin in them. （它也被用来阻止发烧和感冒，流感药物中也含有阿司匹林）可知，治疗流感的药物中也含有阿司匹林。结合上文"Aspirin is effective to stop pain.（阿司匹林对止痛很有效）"推知，空处陈述某些止疼药里含有阿司匹林。D项"Therefore，most headache medicines have aspirin in them.（因此，大多数头痛药都含有阿司匹林）"符合题意。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文Is aspirin dangerous？Does aspirin have side effects？（阿司匹林有危险吗？阿司匹林有副作用吗？）"推知，空处应是对这两个问题的回答。结合下文"Several hundred people die each year from taking too much aspirin. （每年有几百人因服用过量阿司匹林而死亡）推知，空处的回答应指出阿司匹林可能是有害的。E项"Aspirin is a drug and like any other drug，it can be quite dangerous.（阿司匹林是一种药物，和其他任何药物一样，它可能非常危险）"符合题意。故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文High-dose aspirin may cause stomach bleeding and tinnitus （耳鸣）.Some people are advised not to take low-dose aspirin，because it reduces uric acid excretion （尿酸排泄）.（大剂量阿司匹林可能导致胃出血和耳鸣。有些人被建议不要服用低剂量的阿司匹林，因为它可以减少尿酸排泄）可知，服用大剂量和低剂量的阿司匹林都可能有害。由此推知，空处应继续陈述阿司匹林不能使用的情况。G项"Aspirin has also been removed from children's medicines for fear of death from taking it.（由于担心服用阿司匹林会导致死亡，阿司匹林也已从儿童药物中删除）"符合语境。故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文But overall，aspirin is usually not dangerous for adults if it is taken in small amounts.Many people get help for various illnesses by taking a tablet that contains aspirin.（但总的来说，如果少量服用阿司匹林，通常对成年人没有危险。许多人通过服用含有阿司匹林的药片来治疗各种疾病）可知，阿司匹林能治疗各种疾病。由此可知，这种药很神奇。A项"It is truly an amazing drug for people.（对人们来说，它真的是一种神奇的药物）"符合题意。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿司匹林这种药。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
22~41.【答案】D、D、A、D、A、B、A、D、B、C、C、D、C、B、A、B、A、C、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.reflected反思；B.operated操作；C.drafted起草；D.fell落下。句意：一天，当他整理一堆旧书时，一个信封从其中掉了出来。由上文"when he was sorting through old books"推知，在整理旧书的时候，一个信封从书架上掉了下来。故选D项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.biography传记；B.airmail航空邮件；C.postcard明信片；D.letter信。句意：里面是一封没有注明日期的信和一张褪色的照片，照片上一个女人把一个小女孩抱在腿上。根据下文"The letter said"可知，此处应该是一封信。故选D项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.reading读；B.destroying破坏；C.adapting适应；D.piling堆。句意：信中说，当Bethany读这封信的时候，这意味着作者去世了。结合常识，当一个人拿到一封信时，第一反应肯定是读信。故选A项。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.talented有天赋的；B.shallow浅的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.dying临终的。句意：这些是一个将死的女人留给她的孩子的最后的话。根据上文"it meant the author had died."可知，这是一位将死的女人留下的。故选D项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.find找到；B.introduce介绍；C.phone打电话；D.comfort安慰。句意：他必须找到Bethany。根据上文提到是Draper意外得到这封信，看到信中的内容，作者感觉到自己必须要找到Bethany，帮忙物归原主。故选A项。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.test out测试；B.throw away扔掉；C.cut out切断；D.adjust to适应。句意：你不会把这样一封信扔掉的。根据语境推理，这样让人难过的一封信，谁得到也不会扔掉。故选B项。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.likely可能地；B.luckily幸运地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.suddenly 突然地。句意：他认为如果这本书出现在他的商店，那么Bethany很可能来自奥克兰毕肖普。根据上文提到Draper在整理旧书时无意中发现L这封信推知，如果这本书在他家书店，那么这个小女孩很有可能一定来自相同的城市。故选A项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.witness目睹；B.govern统治；C.forget忘记；D.recognize认出。句意：他觉得他能认出小女孩的脸。根据上文"a faded photo of a woman holding a little girl on her lap"可知，书店老板认为，他如果见到了Bethany，应该能够通过照片认出来。故选D项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.bought购买；B.left离开，留下；C.annoyed使……生气；D.desired渴望。句意：即使她已经离开了这个地区，镇上可能会有人认出这张照片。根据上文"Bethany was（7）______from around Bishop Auckland."和表示转折关系的连词even if可知，即使小女孩离开了，镇上的人也可能会认出那张照片里的小女孩是谁。故选B项。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.vivid生动的；B.absurd荒谬的；C.lost丢失的；D.broken 坏的。句意：《北方回声报》报道了这封丢失的信件的故事。根据上文"One day，when he was sorting through old books，an envelope 1 from one." 可知，这封信被店主无意发现的，所以是丢失的信。故选C项。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.However然而；B.Therefore所以；C.Meanwhile与此同时；D.Otherwise否则。句意：与此同时，21岁的Bethany Gash，自己也是一位母亲，正在大约10英里用Facebook这个社交软件上网，她的一位密友给她发信息，让她查看这篇文章。根据下文"when a close friend messaged her to check out the article."可知，上文是想表达，当她的朋友找到她的时候，Bethany在干什么；C项Meanwhile"与此同时"符合句意。故选C项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.ticket票；B.routine日常；C.homework家庭作业；D.article文章。句意：与此同时，21岁的Bethany Gash自己也是一位母亲，她正在大约10英里用Facebook这个社交软件上网，她的一位密友给她发信息，让她查看这篇文章。根据上文提到报纸上有报道这封信的事情，所以此处表示朋友让Bethany Gash看报纸上的文章。故选D项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.textbooks教科书；B.lectures讲座；C.words话；D.languages语言。句意：她读着母亲的遗言，她以为这封遗书已经永远消失了，她说她觉得自己一定是在做梦。结合文章可知，Bethany看到了母亲临终前给她写的信；表示信上的文字可以用words表达。故选C项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.writing写；B.dreaming做梦；C.joking开玩笑；D.conducting进行。句意：她读着母亲的遗书，她以为这些遗书已经永远消失了，她说她觉得自己一定是在做梦。根据上半句"she thought had been lost forever"可知，当看到这封遗书时，觉得自己像做梦一样。故选B项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.moved搬家；B.turned转动；C.contributed有助于，贡献；D.pointed指着。句意：五年后，她的家人搬到了新家。根据"to a new home."推知，他们搬到了新家。故选A项。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.burned烧毁；B.donated捐赠；C.abolished废除；D.robbed抢劫。句意：这封信被放在一本书的书页里以备保管，但它是无意中捐赠了。结合文意，Draper是二手书店老板，偶然间在一堆旧书中发现了这封信，由此推知，书是被Bethany的家人捐给了书店。故选B项。
（17）考查名词及语境理解。A.hope希望；B.silence安静；C.ambition抱负；D.concept概念。句意：她记得她打开箱子去找那封信，然后疯狂地翻遍了所有的东西，希望它就在那里。根据本句"madly searching through everything"可知，女儿疯狂地翻找着一切，希望信就在那里。故选A项。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.kept保持；B.distributed分发；C.delivered交付；D.published出版。句意：Draper亲自交付了这封信。根据下句"He also（19）______her a children's book for her son."可知，Draper把信交给了Bethany Gash。故选C项。
（19）考查动词及语境理解。A.abandon抛弃；B.brought带来；C.returned归还；D.sold售卖。句意：他还给她的儿子带了一本儿童读物。根据上文"Draper（18）______the letter in person."并结合Draper是书店老板的身份推知，他会给孩子带儿童书。故选B项。
（20）考查名词及语境理解。A.expectation期待；B.apology道歉；C.kindness善良；D.security安全。句意：Gash收到信后非常感动，也被陌生人的善良感动了。结合全文，Draper想尽办法把这封信物归原主，圆了Bethany一个心愿，是一个很善良的举动。故选C项。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Draper意外地得到一位去世母亲临终前给女儿留的一封信，通过报纸的报道找到了这个女儿，并将信归还给了她。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
42.【答案】One evening after supper，Mom or I went to our little vegetable garden，only to find quite a few cucumbers were destroyed.Dried leaf were left on the ground，making us to feel sad.Observing careful，we found some animal footprints here.We guessed that it must be a pet dog that had made the mess.
Several days later，to our great excite，the damaged vegetables begin to grow again.Some even had little cucumbers，which goes as the saying "Misfortune may be an actual good thing!".This taught him a good lesson—we should treat a bad thing in∧ positive way instead of turn angry.
详解：
1.考查并列连词。句意：一天晚饭后，我和妈妈到我们的小菜园里去，发现有不少黄瓜都被毁了。根据句意可知，我和妈妈一起去了菜园，因此用and并列两个主语。故将or改为and。
2.考查可数名词复数。句意：地上留下了干枯的树叶，让我们感到悲伤。根据句语境可知，很多小黄瓜被毁了，因此可数名词leaf"叶子"也应用其复数形式，表示许多叶子。故将leaf改为leaves。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：地上留下了干枯的树叶，让我们感到悲伤。make sb.do sth.是固定用法，即用省略to的不定式作宾补，表示"让某人做某事"。故删去us后的to。
4.考查副词。句意：仔细观察，我们在那里发现了一些动物脚印。副词修饰动词observe。故将careful改为carefully。
5.考查副词。句意：仔细观察，我们在那里发现了一些动物脚印。结合句意，表示"在那里"，远指用there。故将here改为there。
6.考查名词。句意：几天后，让我们非常兴奋的是，受损的蔬菜又开始生长了。one's后跟名词，to one's excitement表示"令某人兴奋的是"。故将excite改为excitement。
7.考查谓语动词的时态。句意：几天后，让我们非常兴奋的是，受损的蔬菜又开始生长了。根据语境可知，整个事件发生在过去，因此谓语用一般过去时。故将begin改为began。
8.考查代词。句意：这件事给了我一个很好的教训。根据语境可知，此处表示这件事情给"我"一个教训。故将him改为me。
9.考查冠词。句意：我们应该积极地对待一件坏事，而不是生气。in a/an adj.way是固定搭配，表示"以一种……的方式"，positive是辅音音素开头，应用a。故在in后加a。
10.考查动名词。句意：我们应该积极地对待一件坏事，而不是生气。介词短语instead of后跟turn的动名词形式作宾语。故将turn改为turning。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一天晚饭后，"我"和妈妈发现菜园里的小黄瓜被毁了，我们猜肯定是一个宠物干的。然而几天后，这些蔬菜又重新开始长了，甚至长出了小黄瓜。正如谚语所说"不幸可能是一件真正的好事"。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】Having been actively involved in the sports events in my school,I participated ed a running race during the annual sports meet held last Friday.（你的角色）
Faced with fifteen strong competitors,I had butterflies in my stomach since I thought it challenging to win first place.【高分句型一】At the sound of the starting signal out rushed all the runners.I did everything I could to keep up with them.Minutes later,before I knew it I became the second fastest runner.With strong will,I was the first to reach the finish line.（参与过程）
Exhausted and sweaty as I was,I had never felt so proud and delighted.【高分句型二】（你的感受）
【解析】高分句型一：Faced with fifteen strong competitors,I had butterflies in my stomach since I thought it challenging to win first place.
译文：面对15名强大的竞争对手，我心里七上八下，因为我认为赢得第一名很有挑战性。
分析：这句话使用了过去分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：Exhausted and sweaty as I was,I had never felt so proud and delighted.
译文：尽管我筋疲力尽，汗流浃背，但我从未感到如此骄傲和高兴。
分析：这句话使用了as引导让步状语从句的倒装句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
2022-2023学年四川省宜宾市叙州重点中学高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
1. The five interlocked Olympic rings have become fairly familiar at this point. But do you know what they mean and the story behind their (1) (create)?
The 1912 Olympic Games, held in Sweden, were the first to include athletes from (2) were then considered the five continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and America. (3) (inspire) by what had become a (4) (true) global event, Coubertin designed the symbol of the Games: the Olympic rings. Since 1920, the Olympic rings (5) (use) in every summer and winter Games.
Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic (6) (meaning), it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand (7) something specific, like a continent. (8) in reality, that's not the case at all. Coubertin (9) (choose) the six official Olympic colors-blue, yellow, black, green, red, and white (featured in the background) -because when he introduced the symbol in 1913, every single flag of the nations (10) (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol. Or, in his own words: "The six colors thus combined reproduce those of all nations without exception."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
A medical emergency can happen anywhere at any time.Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response.But before an ambulance can get to the scene，the immediate first aid attendance to anyone who is injured seriously makes a difference between life and death.Life Saver Team has been providing CPR （心肺复苏术） and first aid training since 2009.Here are a few of their most popular courses：
CPR AED
It is a classroom video-based，instructor-led course that teaches the basic techniques of CPR and the use of an AED（自动体外除颤器），as well as how to relieve choking.This course teaches skills with research proven techniques.
• Course length：2 hours
• Price： ﹩50 （Sign up for a first aid course for an additional ﹩30）
Upon completion of this course，students will receive an American Heart Association Heart Saver Fist Aid Course Completion Card that is valid （有效的） for two years.
Basic Life Support
This is a classroom course designed to provide a wide variety of healthcare professionals with the ability to recognize several life-threatening emergencies，provide CPR，and relieve choking in a timely and effective manner.
• Course length：4 hours
• Price： ﹩60 （Sign up for a first aid course for an additional ﹩30）
The American Heart Association BLS for Healthcare Provider Course Completion Card is valid for two years.
First Aid
It is a classroom，video-based，instructor-led course that teaches students critical skills to manage an emergency in the first few minutes until emergency medical services arrive.Students learn skills such as how to treat bleeding，broken bones and other first aid emergencies.
• Course length：2 hours
• Price： ﹩45
Upon completion of this course，students will receive an American Heart Association Heart Saver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years.
2. What should be often done first in a medical emergency？ ______
A. Providing professional first aid.
B. Asking for help at once.
C. Taking the injured to the hospital.
D. Leaving the scene as soon as possible.
3. How much does it cost if a person wants to learn about CPR and AED？ ______
A. ﹩50. B. ﹩30. C. ﹩60. D. ﹩45.
4. What do the listed courses have in common？ ______
A. They are available online.
B. They are for all individuals.
C. They take the same amount of time.
D. They include a two-year AHA certificate.
B
Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe，according to a study of plastic particles （微粒） carried in the air.
People are already known to breathe，drink and eat microplastics，and research suggests that pollution levels will continue to rise rapidly.The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.
Professor Natalie Mahowald，at Cornell University in the US and part of the research team，said， "But maybe we could solve this before it becomes a huge problem，if we manage our plastics better，before they accumulate in the environment and move around everywhere." The research，published in the journal Proceedings of the National Acadenry of Sciences，examined airborne （空气传播的） microplastics，which have been far less，studied than plastics in oceans and rivers.
The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US.These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources.They found that roads were the main factor in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air.These are likely to include particles from tires and brake pads on vehicles，and plastics from litter that had been broken down.
The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.
Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources."
5. What can breathing in microplastics result in？ ______
A. Inability to eat and drink. B. Losing the sense of hearing.
C. Suffering from lung diseases. D. Temporary loss of consciousness
6. How does the author organize Paragraph 4？ ______
A. By giving examples. B. By presenting statistics.
C. By making comparisons. D. By making a definition.
7. What may contribute most to the microplastic pollution in India？ ______
A. Human activities. B. Particles from fields.
C. Particles from tires and litter. D. Changes of the environment.
8. What can we learn from Stohl's words？ ______
A. The nature of microplastic transport is misunderstood.
B. The potential damage of microplastic pollution is ignored.
C. The way of collecting samples of microplastics should be improved.
D. More data needs collecting to understand the sources of microplastics.
C
For many people，Christmas is a time to cozy up inside with yummy treats and pretty decorations while the snow falls outside.However，people living in nursing homes often have few family members to celebrate with.
In 2009，Patricia Gallagher in Philadelphia were aware of this so she decided to bring a Christmas book to different nursing homes and read for people.She said， "I just got this idea in my head to call two nursing homes at random and ask if my mother and I could come and read 'Twas the Night Before Christmas.'" The nursing homes were more than happy to welcome her in and the residents of those homes were equally thrilled.Thus，her holiday tradition started.
To go along with the book reading，Patricia brought some of her kids' stuffed animals so the senior residents could hold them while she read the story.
But，when it was time to pack up and go to the next nursing home，Patricia found that no one wanted to give the stuffed animals back!She said， "It was just a nursing home with a lot of elderly people sitting in wheelchairs.And all of a sudden，the whole room became alive with jingling bells and they really didn't want to give them back because they thought we had given them a gift."
Seeing the joy that a simple present can bring，Patricia had the idea to gather stuffed animals and dolls as a gift for senior citizens living in nursing homes.Then，she put an ad up for gently used stuffed animals on a website.It wasn't long before the local communities and schools started hosting stuffed animal collections on her behalf.In just two years，she collected more than 11，000 stuffed animals to gift people!
With so many stuffed animals，Patricia started offering gifts to people living in homes for veterans （退伍军人） as well.She said， "These stuffed animals not only bring people joy，but bring back the memories of their childhood and give them some comfort."
9. What did Patricia do in 2009 according to the passage？ ______
A. She found a good job in a nursing home.
B. She spent her holiday reading for the elderly.
C. She visited her best friends in a nursing home.
D. She sent some cute animals to lonely strangers.
10. Why did the seniors refuse to give stuffed animals back？ ______
A. The stuffed animals were broken.
B. The stuffed animals were donated by others.
C. They wanted to purchase the stuffed animals.
D. They regarded the stuffed animals as their gifts.
11. Which of the following can best describe Patricia？ ______
A. Sympathetic and generous. B. Influential and creative.
C. Enthusiastic and genuine. D. Ambitious and.humble.
12. What can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. A Nursing Home Is Many People's Home
B. The Elderly Deserve More Care And Love
C. A Woman Gifts Stuffed Animals to Senior Citizens
D. A Family Tradition Helps Hundreds of Lonely People
D
If you've ever felt "butterflies in your stomach" when nervous，you're likely getting signals from an unexpected source：your second brain.Hidden in the walls of the digestive system，this "brain in your gut （肠道） " is revolutionizing medicine's understanding of the links between digestion，mood and health.Scientists call this little brain the enteric nervous system （ENS 肠神经系统）.
The ENS is two thin layers of more than 100 million nerve cells lining your gut.Unlike the big brain in your head，the ENS can't calculate or compose a love note. "Its main role is controlling digestion，" explains Jay Pasricha，M.D.，director of the Johns Hopkins Center. "The enteric nervous system doesn't seem capable of thought as we know it，but it communicates back and forth with our big brain." For decades，researchers and doctors thought that anxiety and depression contributed to gut problems.But Pasricha's research shows that it can also be the other way around.
Our two brains "talk" to each other，so treatments that help one may help the other.In a way，doctors who treat digestive conditions are like advisors looking for ways to comfort the second brain.Psychological approaches also help to improve communications between the big brain and the brain in our gut.
Pasricha says the research suggests that digestive-system activity may affect thinking skills and memory，too. "This is an area that needs more research，something we hope to do here at Johns Hopkins，" he says.
13. Why does the author mention "butterflies in your stomach" in paragraph 1？ ______
A. To show the power of the ENS.
B. To prove the origin of the idiom.
C. To explain why you're very nervous.
D. To engage the readers with the topic.
14. What does Pasricha's research tell us？ ______
A. The main role of the ENS has changed.
B. Depression contributes to gut problems.
C. The ENS affects what happens in the brain.
D. Gut problems are different from what they were.
15. What is the benefit of Pasricha's research？ ______
A. It helps to prevent stomach problems.
B. It leads to further brain improvement.
C. It creates new treatment opportunities.
D. It gives a guide for better communication.
16. What do we learn from the last paragraph？ ______
A. The research proves quite fruitful.
B. There is still more to learn about mind-gut link.
C. Digestive-system activity has other bad influence.
D. Pasricha is determined to improve people's memory.
三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
What do you do when you get a headache，toothache，or fever？（ 1） ______ Aspirin（阿司匹林） is a drug that has become more and more popular because it can help people with many illnesses.Today about 40，000 metric tons of aspirin are being consumed each year and it has become one of the most widely used medications in the world.
Aspirin is effective to stop pain. （2） ______ It is also used to stop fever and cold，and flu medicines also have aspirin in them.Moreover，small amounts of it can help prevent heart attacks，strokes and even cancer.One thing that aspirin does is that it makes the blood thinner，so the blood can move around the body more easily.
Is aspirin dangerous？Does aspirin have side effects？（ 3） ______ Several hundred people die each year from taking too much aspirin.High-dose aspirin may cause stomach bleeding and tinnitus（耳鸣）.Some people are advised not to take low-dose aspirin，because it reduces uric acid excretion（尿酸排泄）. （4） ______
But overall，aspirin is usually not dangerous for adults if it is taken in small amounts.Many people get help for various illnesses by taking a tablet that contains aspirin. （5） ______
A.It is truly an amazing drug for people.
B.It is not necessary to be worried about that.
C.Whether aspirin is bad or not remains to be seen.
D.Therefore，most headache medicines have aspirin in them.
E.Aspirin is a drug and like any other drug，it can be quite dangerous.
F.Well，if you go to the doctor，you are likely to be given medicine with some aspirin in it.
G.Aspirin has also been removed from children's medicines for fear of death from taking it.
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
21. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
四、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Draper was the owner of a secondhand bookstore.One day，when he was sorting through old books，an envelope （1） ______ from one.Inside was an undated （2） ______ and a faded photo of a woman holding a little girl on her lap.The letter said if Bethany was （3） ______ it，it meant the author had died.
Tears were welling up in Draper's eyes.These were a （4） ______ woman's last words to her child.He had to （5） ______ Bethany."Whoever it is will want this，"he thought."You wouldn't （6） ______ a letter like that."
He supposed if the book ended up in his shop，then Bethany was （7） ______ from around Bishop Auckland.And he thought he would （8） ______ the little girl's face.Even if she'd （9） ______ the area，there might be someone in the town who would recognize the picture.
He started with the local newspaper.The Northern Echo wrote about the story of the （10） ______ letter.
（ 11） ______ ，Bethany Gash，now 21 and a mother herself，was on Facebook about 10 miles away when a close friend messaged her to check out the （12） ______ .As she read her mother's （13） ______ ，which she thought had been lost forever，she said she thought she must be （14） ______
Bethany was only 4 when her mother died.Five years later，her family （15） ______ to a new home.And the letter，put away in the pages of a book for safe keeping，was unintentionally （16） ______ .She remembered unpacking and looking for the letter，and then madly searching through everything in the （17） ______ that it was there."That's when I realized it was gone and I'd never see it again，"she said.
Draper （18） ______ the letter in person.He also （19） ______ her a children's book for her son.Bethany was greatly moved to have the letter back，and also touched by the stranger's （20） ______ .
22. A. reflected B. operated C. drafted D. fell
23. A. biography B. airmail C. postcard D. letter
24. A. reading B. destroying C. adapting D. piling
25. A. talented B. shallow C. voluntary D. dying
26. A. find B. introduce C. phone D. comfort
27. A. test out B. throw away C. cut out D. adjust to
28. A. likely B. luckily C. slowly D. suddenly
29. A. witness B. govern C. forget D. recognize
30. A. bought B. left C. annoyed D. desired
31. A. vivid B. absurd C. lost D. broken
32. A. However B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise
33. A. ticket B. routine C. homework D. article
34. A. textbooks B. lectures C. words D. languages
35. A. writing B. dreaming C. joking D. conducting
36. A. moved B. turned C. contributed D. pointed
37. A. burned B. donated C. abolished D. robbed
38. A. hope B. silence C. ambition D. concept
39. A. kept B. distributed C. delivered D. published
40. A. abandon B. brought C. returned D. sold
41. A. expectation B. apology C. kindness D. security
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One evening after supper，Mom or I went to our little vegetable garden，only to find quite a few cucumbers were destroyed.Dried leaf were left on the ground，making us to feel sad.Observing careful，we found some animal footprints here.We guessed that it must be a pet dog that had made the mess.
Several days later，to our great excite，the damaged vegetables begin to grow again.Some even had little cucumbers，which goes as the saying "Misfortune may be an actual good thing!".This taught him a good lesson—we should treat a bad thing in positive way instead of turn angry.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假定你是李华，上周五参加了学校运动会。请你根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记，记述你此次参加学校运动会的经历。要点包括：
1.你的角色；
2.参与过程；
3.你的感受。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
creation
【小题2】
what
【小题3】
Inspired
【小题4】
truly
【小题5】
have been used
【小题6】
meanings
【小题7】
for
【小题8】
But
【小题9】
chose
【小题10】
participating
【解析】1. 句意：但你知道它们的含义和它们诞生背后的故事吗？分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，creation名词，意为“诞生”，不可数名词，符合句意。故填creation。
2. 句意：1912年在瑞典举行的奥运会，是第一次有来自当时被认为是五大洲：非洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和美洲的运动员参加的奥运会。分析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物应用what。故填what。
3. 句意：受这一真正的全球盛会的启发，顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志：奥林匹克五环。分析句子结构可知，inspire在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用动词的-ed形式作状语。句首单词首字母需大写。故填Inspired。
4. 句意：受这一真正的全球盛会的启发，顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志：奥林匹克五环。分析句子可知，修饰形容词global应用副词truly，作状语，故填truly。
5. 句意：从1920年开始，奥林匹克五环开始在每年的夏季和冬季奥运会上使用。分析句子可知，主语与谓语构成被动关系；根据上文Since 1920可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为the Olympic rings，助动词用have。故填have been used。
6. 句意：鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解，似乎可以有把握地假设，奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西，比如一块大陆。meaning“意思，意义”，此处为可数名词，空前有many修饰应用复数形式。故填meanings。
7. 句意：鉴于我们对颜色及其许多象征意义的了解，似乎可以有把握地假设，奥运五环中的每一种颜色都代表着特定的东西，比如一块大陆。stand for意为“代表”，固定短语，符合句意。故填for。
8. 句意：但在现实中，情况并非如此。结合前后文语境可知，为转折关系，应用连词but。句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
9. 句意：顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白（作为背景颜色），因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时，每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。根据后文when he introduced the symbol in 1913可知，用一般过去时。故填chose。
10. 句意：顾拜旦选择了六种正式的奥林匹克标志颜色——蓝、黄、黑、绿、红和白（作为背景颜色），因为当他在1913年引入奥林匹克标志时，每一面参加奥运会的国家的国旗都可以用这六种颜色来重现奥林匹克标志。分析句子结构可知，participate应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语nations构成主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式作定语。故填participating。
2~4.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段Taking a brief moment to seek help is often the best first response.（花点时间寻求帮助通常是最好的第一反应。）可知，遇到紧急情况时首先应该寻求帮助，故选B。
（2）A.数字计算题。根据CPR AED介绍内容•Price： ﹩50 .（收费是50美元。）可知，如果想学习CPR and AED，应该付费50美元，故选A。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段Upon completion of this course，students will receive an American Heart Association Heart Saver CPR AED Course Completion Card that is valid for two years.（完成本课程后，学生将收到美国心脏协会心脏保护器CPR AED课程完成卡，有效期两年。）可知，本文提到的学习课程的相同点是它们包括两年AHA证书，故选D。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要向读者介绍了一些遇到紧急情况时的处理措施。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。
5~8.【答案】C、B、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.（研究人员表示，吸入这些颗粒物会对肺组织有害，并导致严重疾病。）可知，吸入微塑料会导致肺部疾病。故选C项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US.These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources.They found that roads were the main factor in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air. （该团队从美国西部的11个地点收集了300多个空气传播的微塑料样本。这些是估计不同来源贡献的大气建模的基础。他们发现，道路是美国西部的主要因素，与空气中约85%的微塑料有关。）可知，本段列举了多个数据，如300 samples、11 sites和85% of the microplastics in the air，可知作者是通过呈现数据来组织段落的。A．By giving examples.通过举例；B．By presenting statistics.通过展示统计数据；C．By making comparisons.通过比较；D．By making a definition.通过下定义。故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.（研究人员将他们的建模工作扩展到了全球范围，这表明，虽然道路也可能是欧洲、南美和澳大利亚空气中塑料的主要驱动因素，但在非洲和亚洲，从田地里吹出的塑料颗粒可能是一个更大的因素。）可知，印度属于亚洲国家，印度微塑料污染的可能的主要原因来自田地里的塑料颗粒。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据第六段Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources."（维也纳大学地球科学学院的安德烈亚斯•斯托尔教授说："这项研究证实了微塑料在大气中传输的全球范围的性质，并很好地突出了高度相关和令人担忧的可能性，但还需要更多的测量数据来更好地了解来源。"）可知，我们从斯托尔的话中了解到的是需要收集更多数据来了解微塑料的来源。故选D项。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家在全球所作的一项关于微塑料在空气中污染的调查，发现各国空气中的塑料微粒来源不同，但具体的来源还需要精确的测量数据。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
9~12.【答案】B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In 2009，Patricia Gallagher in Philadelphia were aware of this so she decided to bring a Christmas book to different nursing homes and read for people. （2009年，费城的Patricia Gallagher意识到了这一点，于是她决定把一本圣诞书带到不同的养老院，为人们阅读。）可知，她在2009年做的事情应该包括在圣诞节的时候去养老院为老人读书。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句And all of a sudden，the whole room became alive with jingling bells and they really didn't want to give them back because they thought we had given them a gift. （突然间，整个房间都充满了叮当作响的铃声，他们真的不想还给他们，因为他们认为我们给了他们一份礼物。）可知，老人之所以不肯退回毛绒玩具，是因为他们以为这是礼物。故选D项。
（3）观点态度题。根据第二段第一句In 2009，Patricia Gallagher in Philadelphia were aware of this so she decided to bring a Christmas book to different nursing homes and read for people. （2009年，费城的Patricia Gallagher意识到了这一点，于是她决定把一本圣诞书带到不同的养老院，为人们阅读。）和第三段To go along with the book reading，Patricia brought some of her kids' stuffed animals so the senior residents could hold them while she read the story. （为了配合读书，Patricia带了一些她的孩子们的毛绒玩具，这样老年居民就可以在她读故事时抱着它们。）可知，她富有同情心，愿意把自己的假日时间花在陪伴养老院里的老人上，而且很慷慨大方，把自己孩子的玩具也贡献出来了。A．Sympathetic and generous.富有同情心且慷慨大方的；B．Influential and creative.有影响力和创造力的；C．Enthusiastic and genuine.热情真诚的；D．Ambitious and.humble.雄心勃勃又谦逊的。故选A项。
（4）标题归纳题。根据本文最后一段With so many stuffed animals，Patricia started offering gifts to people living in homes for veterans （退伍军人） as well.She said， "These stuffed animals not only bring people joy，but bring back the memories of their childhood and give them some comfort.".（有了这么多毛绒玩具，Patricia也开始向住在退伍军人之家的人提供礼物。她说："这些毛绒动物不仅给人们带来了欢乐，还带回了他们童年的记忆，给他们一些安慰。"）可知，本文主要讲述富有同情心的Patricia女士为老人阅读并送上填充毛绒玩具的善人善举。因此C．A Woman Gifts Stuffed Animals to Senior Citizens（一名妇女向老年人赠送填充动物玩具）是本文的最佳标题。故选C项。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了富有同情心的Patricia女士在节日里陪伴养老院的老人，给他们阅读和送毛绒玩具的善人善举。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
13~16.【答案】D、C、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段If you've ever felt "butterflies in your stomach" when nervous，you're likely getting signals from an unexpected source：your second brain.Hidden in the walls of the digestive system，this "brain in your gut （肠道） " is revolutionizing medicine's understanding of the links between digestion，mood and health.Scientists call this little brain the enteric nervous system（ENS 肠神经系统）. （如果你在紧张的时候感到"肚子里七上八下"，你很可能从一个意想不到的来源得到了信号：你的第二大脑。这种隐藏在消化系统壁上的"肠道大脑"正在彻底改变医学对消化、情绪和健康之间联系的理解。科学家称这个小大脑为肠道神经系统。）可知，作者提到"butterflies in your stomach"的目的是为了向读者引出本文的主题，也就是——隐藏在消化系统壁上的"肠道大脑"正在彻底改变医学对消化、情绪和健康之间联系的理解。A．To show the power of the ENS.来展示ENS的力量；B．To prove the origin of the idiom.来证明习语的起源；C．To explain why you're very nervous.解释你为什么非常紧张；D．To engage the readers with the topic.用这个话题吸引读者。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Its main role is controlling digestion，" explains Jay Pasricha，M.D.，director of the Johns Hopkins Center. "The enteric nervous system doesn't seem capable of thought as we know it，but it communicates back and forth with our big brain." For decades，researchers and doctors thought that anxiety and depression contributed to gut problems.But Pasricha's research shows that it can also be the other way around.（ "它的主要作用是控制消化，"约翰霍普金斯中心主任Jay Pasricha医学博士解释说。"肠道神经系统似乎没有我们所知道的思考能力，但它与我们的大脑来回交流。"几十年来，研究人员和医生认为焦虑和抑郁会导致肠道问题。但Pasricha的研究表明，情况也可能相反。）可知，肠神经系统会影响大脑。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段Our two brains "talk" to each other，so treatments that help one may help the other.In a way，doctors who treat digestive conditions are like advisors looking for ways to comfort the second brain.Psychological approaches also help to improve communications between the big brain and the brain in our gut.（我们的两个大脑相互"交谈"，所以对一个大脑有帮助的治疗可能对另一个大脑也有帮助。在某种程度上，治疗消化疾病的医生就像顾问一样，寻找安慰第二大脑的方法。心理学方法也有助于改善大脑和肠道大脑之间的沟通。）可知，Pasricha的研究为以后的治疗提供了更多的治疗思路。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Pasricha says the research suggests that digestive-system activity may affect thinking skills and memory，too. "This is an area that needs more research，something we hope to do here at Johns Hopkins，" he says.（ Pasricha说，研究表明，消化系统的活动也可能影响思维能力和记忆力。"这是一个需要更多研究的领域，我们希望在约翰霍普金斯大学做一些事情，"他说。）可知，关于消化系统和大脑之间的联系，还有更多需要研究的方面。A．The research proves quite fruitful.这项研究证明颇有成效；B．There is still more to learn about mind-gut link.关于心灵与内脏的联系，还有更多需要学习；C．Digestive-system activity has other bad influence.消化系统活动还有其他不良影响；D．Pasricha is determined to improve people's memory.Pasricha决心提高人们的记忆力。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，隐藏在消化系统壁上的"肠道大脑"正在彻底改变医学对消化、情绪和健康之间联系的理解。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
17~21.【答案】F、D、E、G、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据下文Aspirin （阿司匹林） is a drug that has become more and more popular because it can help people with many illnesses. （阿司匹林是一种越来越受欢迎的药物，因为它可以帮助患有许多疾病的人）可知，下文提到了阿司匹林这种药。再结合上文What do you do when you get a headache，toothache，or fever？（当你头痛、牙痛或发烧时，你会怎么做？）推知，在这些情况下如果你就医的话，医生可能会给你开含有阿司匹林的药。 F项"Well，if you go to the doctor，you are likely to be given medicine with some aspirin in it.（嗯，如果你去看医生，医生可能会给你服用含有阿司匹林的药物）"符合语境，承上启下。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。根据下文It is also used to stop fever and cold，and flu medicines also have aspirin in them. （它也被用来阻止发烧和感冒，流感药物中也含有阿司匹林）可知，治疗流感的药物中也含有阿司匹林。结合上文"Aspirin is effective to stop pain.（阿司匹林对止痛很有效）"推知，空处陈述某些止疼药里含有阿司匹林。D项"Therefore，most headache medicines have aspirin in them.（因此，大多数头痛药都含有阿司匹林）"符合题意。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文Is aspirin dangerous？Does aspirin have side effects？（阿司匹林有危险吗？阿司匹林有副作用吗？）"推知，空处应是对这两个问题的回答。结合下文"Several hundred people die each year from taking too much aspirin. （每年有几百人因服用过量阿司匹林而死亡）推知，空处的回答应指出阿司匹林可能是有害的。E项"Aspirin is a drug and like any other drug，it can be quite dangerous.（阿司匹林是一种药物，和其他任何药物一样，它可能非常危险）"符合题意。故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文High-dose aspirin may cause stomach bleeding and tinnitus （耳鸣）.Some people are advised not to take low-dose aspirin，because it reduces uric acid excretion （尿酸排泄）.（大剂量阿司匹林可能导致胃出血和耳鸣。有些人被建议不要服用低剂量的阿司匹林，因为它可以减少尿酸排泄）可知，服用大剂量和低剂量的阿司匹林都可能有害。由此推知，空处应继续陈述阿司匹林不能使用的情况。G项"Aspirin has also been removed from children's medicines for fear of death from taking it.（由于担心服用阿司匹林会导致死亡，阿司匹林也已从儿童药物中删除）"符合语境。故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文But overall，aspirin is usually not dangerous for adults if it is taken in small amounts.Many people get help for various illnesses by taking a tablet that contains aspirin.（但总的来说，如果少量服用阿司匹林，通常对成年人没有危险。许多人通过服用含有阿司匹林的药片来治疗各种疾病）可知，阿司匹林能治疗各种疾病。由此可知，这种药很神奇。A项"It is truly an amazing drug for people.（对人们来说，它真的是一种神奇的药物）"符合题意。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿司匹林这种药。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
22~41.【答案】D、D、A、D、A、B、A、D、B、C、C、D、C、B、A、B、A、C、B、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.reflected反思；B.operated操作；C.drafted起草；D.fell落下。句意：一天，当他整理一堆旧书时，一个信封从其中掉了出来。由上文"when he was sorting through old books"推知，在整理旧书的时候，一个信封从书架上掉了下来。故选D项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.biography传记；B.airmail航空邮件；C.postcard明信片；D.letter信。句意：里面是一封没有注明日期的信和一张褪色的照片，照片上一个女人把一个小女孩抱在腿上。根据下文"The letter said"可知，此处应该是一封信。故选D项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.reading读；B.destroying破坏；C.adapting适应；D.piling堆。句意：信中说，当Bethany读这封信的时候，这意味着作者去世了。结合常识，当一个人拿到一封信时，第一反应肯定是读信。故选A项。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.talented有天赋的；B.shallow浅的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.dying临终的。句意：这些是一个将死的女人留给她的孩子的最后的话。根据上文"it meant the author had died."可知，这是一位将死的女人留下的。故选D项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.find找到；B.introduce介绍；C.phone打电话；D.comfort安慰。句意：他必须找到Bethany。根据上文提到是Draper意外得到这封信，看到信中的内容，作者感觉到自己必须要找到Bethany，帮忙物归原主。故选A项。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.test out测试；B.throw away扔掉；C.cut out切断；D.adjust to适应。句意：你不会把这样一封信扔掉的。根据语境推理，这样让人难过的一封信，谁得到也不会扔掉。故选B项。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.likely可能地；B.luckily幸运地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.suddenly 突然地。句意：他认为如果这本书出现在他的商店，那么Bethany很可能来自奥克兰毕肖普。根据上文提到Draper在整理旧书时无意中发现L这封信推知，如果这本书在他家书店，那么这个小女孩很有可能一定来自相同的城市。故选A项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.witness目睹；B.govern统治；C.forget忘记；D.recognize认出。句意：他觉得他能认出小女孩的脸。根据上文"a faded photo of a woman holding a little girl on her lap"可知，书店老板认为，他如果见到了Bethany，应该能够通过照片认出来。故选D项。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.bought购买；B.left离开，留下；C.annoyed使……生气；D.desired渴望。句意：即使她已经离开了这个地区，镇上可能会有人认出这张照片。根据上文"Bethany was（7）______from around Bishop Auckland."和表示转折关系的连词even if可知，即使小女孩离开了，镇上的人也可能会认出那张照片里的小女孩是谁。故选B项。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.vivid生动的；B.absurd荒谬的；C.lost丢失的；D.broken 坏的。句意：《北方回声报》报道了这封丢失的信件的故事。根据上文"One day，when he was sorting through old books，an envelope 1 from one." 可知，这封信被店主无意发现的，所以是丢失的信。故选C项。
（11）考查副词及语境理解。A.However然而；B.Therefore所以；C.Meanwhile与此同时；D.Otherwise否则。句意：与此同时，21岁的Bethany Gash，自己也是一位母亲，正在大约10英里用Facebook这个社交软件上网，她的一位密友给她发信息，让她查看这篇文章。根据下文"when a close friend messaged her to check out the article."可知，上文是想表达，当她的朋友找到她的时候，Bethany在干什么；C项Meanwhile"与此同时"符合句意。故选C项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.ticket票；B.routine日常；C.homework家庭作业；D.article文章。句意：与此同时，21岁的Bethany Gash自己也是一位母亲，她正在大约10英里用Facebook这个社交软件上网，她的一位密友给她发信息，让她查看这篇文章。根据上文提到报纸上有报道这封信的事情，所以此处表示朋友让Bethany Gash看报纸上的文章。故选D项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.textbooks教科书；B.lectures讲座；C.words话；D.languages语言。句意：她读着母亲的遗言，她以为这封遗书已经永远消失了，她说她觉得自己一定是在做梦。结合文章可知，Bethany看到了母亲临终前给她写的信；表示信上的文字可以用words表达。故选C项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.writing写；B.dreaming做梦；C.joking开玩笑；D.conducting进行。句意：她读着母亲的遗书，她以为这些遗书已经永远消失了，她说她觉得自己一定是在做梦。根据上半句"she thought had been lost forever"可知，当看到这封遗书时，觉得自己像做梦一样。故选B项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.moved搬家；B.turned转动；C.contributed有助于，贡献；D.pointed指着。句意：五年后，她的家人搬到了新家。根据"to a new home."推知，他们搬到了新家。故选A项。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.burned烧毁；B.donated捐赠；C.abolished废除；D.robbed抢劫。句意：这封信被放在一本书的书页里以备保管，但它是无意中捐赠了。结合文意，Draper是二手书店老板，偶然间在一堆旧书中发现了这封信，由此推知，书是被Bethany的家人捐给了书店。故选B项。
（17）考查名词及语境理解。A.hope希望；B.silence安静；C.ambition抱负；D.concept概念。句意：她记得她打开箱子去找那封信，然后疯狂地翻遍了所有的东西，希望它就在那里。根据本句"madly searching through everything"可知，女儿疯狂地翻找着一切，希望信就在那里。故选A项。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.kept保持；B.distributed分发；C.delivered交付；D.published出版。句意：Draper亲自交付了这封信。根据下句"He also（19）______her a children's book for her son."可知，Draper把信交给了Bethany Gash。故选C项。
（19）考查动词及语境理解。A.abandon抛弃；B.brought带来；C.returned归还；D.sold售卖。句意：他还给她的儿子带了一本儿童读物。根据上文"Draper（18）______the letter in person."并结合Draper是书店老板的身份推知，他会给孩子带儿童书。故选B项。
（20）考查名词及语境理解。A.expectation期待；B.apology道歉；C.kindness善良；D.security安全。句意：Gash收到信后非常感动，也被陌生人的善良感动了。结合全文，Draper想尽办法把这封信物归原主，圆了Bethany一个心愿，是一个很善良的举动。故选C项。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Draper意外地得到一位去世母亲临终前给女儿留的一封信，通过报纸的报道找到了这个女儿，并将信归还给了她。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
42.【答案】One evening after supper，Mom or I went to our little vegetable garden，only to find quite a few cucumbers were destroyed.Dried leaf were left on the ground，making us to feel sad.Observing careful，we found some animal footprints here.We guessed that it must be a pet dog that had made the mess.
Several days later，to our great excite，the damaged vegetables begin to grow again.Some even had little cucumbers，which goes as the saying "Misfortune may be an actual good thing!".This taught him a good lesson—we should treat a bad thing in∧ positive way instead of turn angry.
详解：
1.考查并列连词。句意：一天晚饭后，我和妈妈到我们的小菜园里去，发现有不少黄瓜都被毁了。根据句意可知，我和妈妈一起去了菜园，因此用and并列两个主语。故将or改为and。
2.考查可数名词复数。句意：地上留下了干枯的树叶，让我们感到悲伤。根据句语境可知，很多小黄瓜被毁了，因此可数名词leaf"叶子"也应用其复数形式，表示许多叶子。故将leaf改为leaves。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：地上留下了干枯的树叶，让我们感到悲伤。make sb.do sth.是固定用法，即用省略to的不定式作宾补，表示"让某人做某事"。故删去us后的to。
4.考查副词。句意：仔细观察，我们在那里发现了一些动物脚印。副词修饰动词observe。故将careful改为carefully。
5.考查副词。句意：仔细观察，我们在那里发现了一些动物脚印。结合句意，表示"在那里"，远指用there。故将here改为there。
6.考查名词。句意：几天后，让我们非常兴奋的是，受损的蔬菜又开始生长了。one's后跟名词，to one's excitement表示"令某人兴奋的是"。故将excite改为excitement。
7.考查谓语动词的时态。句意：几天后，让我们非常兴奋的是，受损的蔬菜又开始生长了。根据语境可知，整个事件发生在过去，因此谓语用一般过去时。故将begin改为began。
8.考查代词。句意：这件事给了我一个很好的教训。根据语境可知，此处表示这件事情给"我"一个教训。故将him改为me。
9.考查冠词。句意：我们应该积极地对待一件坏事，而不是生气。in a/an adj.way是固定搭配，表示"以一种……的方式"，positive是辅音音素开头，应用a。故在in后加a。
10.考查动名词。句意：我们应该积极地对待一件坏事，而不是生气。介词短语instead of后跟turn的动名词形式作宾语。故将turn改为turning。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一天晚饭后，"我"和妈妈发现菜园里的小黄瓜被毁了，我们猜肯定是一个宠物干的。然而几天后，这些蔬菜又重新开始长了，甚至长出了小黄瓜。正如谚语所说"不幸可能是一件真正的好事"。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】Having been actively involved in the sports events in my school,I participated ed a running race during the annual sports meet held last Friday.（你的角色）
Faced with fifteen strong competitors,I had butterflies in my stomach since I thought it challenging to win first place.【高分句型一】At the sound of the starting signal out rushed all the runners.I did everything I could to keep up with them.Minutes later,before I knew it I became the second fastest runner.With strong will,I was the first to reach the finish line.（参与过程）
Exhausted and sweaty as I was,I had never felt so proud and delighted.【高分句型二】（你的感受）
【解析】高分句型一：Faced with fifteen strong competitors,I had butterflies in my stomach since I thought it challenging to win first place.
译文：面对15名强大的竞争对手，我心里七上八下，因为我认为赢得第一名很有挑战性。
分析：这句话使用了过去分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：Exhausted and sweaty as I was,I had never felt so proud and delighted.
译文：尽管我筋疲力尽，汗流浃背，但我从未感到如此骄傲和高兴。
分析：这句话使用了as引导让步状语从句的倒装句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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