陕西省铜川市第一中学2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份陕西省铜川市第一中学2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
铜川市一中2021-2022学年度第二学期高二年级（2023届）期末考试
英语试题
考生注意：本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第I卷（共100分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所绐的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒忡的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the man buy for his father?
A. A hat. B. A card. C A shirt.
2. How can Tom know if the school is canceled?
A. By watching the snow.
B. By asking his mother.
C. By checking the TV news.
3. Where was the man born?
A. In America. B. In England. C. In Canada.
4 What does the man mean?
A. Anna may not have time.
B. Anna is at her brother’s house.
C. He should invite Anna to dinner.
5. What does the woman think of the music festival this year?
A. It’s too far away. B. It’s too expensive. C. It’s loo crowded.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What did the man start with?
A. $ 10. B. $ 50. C. $ 120.
7. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a bank. B. In a store. C. In a classroom.
听第7段材料，冋答第8、9题.
8. Who invited the woman to the party?
A. Michael. B. Michael’s brother. C. Michael’s sister.
9. What is the man going to get for Michael?
A. Some records. B. A new CD player. C. Several baseball cards.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What will the woman do this afternoon?
A. Send the man a book with models.
B. Design some models.
C. Attend a meeting.
11. Why does the man make the phone call?
A. To ask for colored pictures. B. To order some machines. C. To change the delivery time.
12. When will the speakers sign the agreement?
A. This evening. H. Tomorrow morning. C. Tomorrow noon.
听第9段料料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man want to do?
A. Join a basketball team.
B. Organize a sports team.
C. Teach sports in high school.
14. What does the woman advise the man to do first?
A. Stop eating ice cream.
B. Have a medical examination.
C. Eat more fruit and vegetables.
15. Why does the woman suggest the man exercise more?
A. To lose weight. B. To become a trainer. C. To strengthen his muscles.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Father and daughter. C. Fitness trainer and athlete.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Whom does the old woman share her cookies with?
A. Her parents. B. Her neighbors. C. Her children.
18. Why did the children help the old woman at first?
A. Their parents wanted them to do so.
B. The old woman was too busy.
C. They wanted to get some experience.
19. What did the children do when the old woman got sick?
A. They cooked food for her.
B. They took turns to look after her.
C. They sold cookies to pay the doctor.
20. What does the story encourage us to do?
A. Share our life with others. B. Bo kind to ourselves. C. Be self-confident.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four Environmentalists You Should Know
Throughout history, environmentalists have had a great influence not only on natural spaces, but also on our individual lives. Here are four influential ones.
●John Muir (1838~1914)
His lifelong love for hiking began when he hiked to the Gulf of Mexico in 1867. Muir spent much of his adult life wandering in—and fighting to preserve—the wilderness of the West, especially California. His tireless efforts led to the creation of Yosemite National Park, Sequoia National Park, and millions of other conservation areas.
●Rachel Carson (1907~1964)
Born in rural Pennsylvania, Rachel Carson went on to study biology at Johns Hopkins University. After working for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson published The Sea Around Us and other books. Her most famous work, however, was 1962’s Silent Spring, in which she described the harmful environmental effects of pesticides (杀虫剂). After Carson’s observations were proven correct, pesticides like DDT were banned.
●Wangari Maathai (1940~2011)
Wangari Maathai was from Kenya. After studying biology in the US, she returned to her home country to begin a career in environmental activism. Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, which, by the early 21st century, had already planted some 30 million trees, provided jobs, and secured firewood for rural communities. In 2004, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while continuing to fight for the planet.
●David Brower (1912~2000)
David Brower was associated with wilderness preservation. He became the Sierra Club’s first executive director in 1952, then, over the next 17 years, the club membership grew from 2, 000 to 77, 000. It won many environmental victories under his leadership. After leaving the club, he went on to found other environmental groups like Friends of the Earth, and the Earth Island Institute.
1. Which environmentalist is a writer?
A. John Muir. B. Rachel Carson.
C. Wangari Maathai. D. David Brower.
2. What did Wangari Maathai do as an environmentalist?
A. She encouraged green farming. B. She funded rural communities.
C. She advocated growing trees. D. She attempted to protect wild animals.
3. What title is the most suitable one for David Brower?
A. An environmental activist. B. A great social event planner.
C. A city preservationist. D. An environmental scientist.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位为人类的环境改善做出贡献的环保人士，他们不仅影响了自然空间，也对我们的生活产生了影响。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据Rachel Carson (1907~1964)部分中的“After working for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Carson published The Sea Around Us and other books.”(在为美国鱼类和野生动物管理局工作之后，Carson出版了《我们周围的大海》和其他书籍。)可知，Rachel Carson不仅是环境学家，还是一位作家，故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据Wangari Maathai (1940~2011)中的“After studying biology in the US, she returned to her home country to begin a career in environmental activism. Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, which, by the early 21th century, had already planted some 30 million trees, provided jobs, and secured firewood for rural communities.”(在美国学习生物学之后，她回到祖国，开始了环保主义的职业生涯。Maathai建立了这个绿带运动，到21世纪早期，这个活动已经种植了3000万棵树，提供了就业机会，并为农村社区保障了柴火。)可知，Wangari Maathai作为环境学家，她倡导种植树。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据David Brower (1912~2000)中的“David Brower was associated with wilderness preservation. He became the Sierra Club's first executive director in 1952, then, over the next 17 years, the club membership grew from 2, 000 to 77, 000. It won many environmental victories under his leadership. After leaving the club, he went on to found other environmental groups like Friends of the Earth, and the Earth Island Institute.”(David Brower与荒野保护有关。1952年他成为了Sierra俱乐部的首任执行董事，然后，在接下来的17年里，俱乐部成员从2000人增加到了77000人。在他的领导下，俱乐部赢得了许多环境保护的胜利。离开俱乐部后，他继续创办了其他环保组织，比如地球之友，以及地球岛研究所。) 可知，David Brower为了环境保护不懈地努力着，因此最适合David Brower的称号是环保活动家。故选A。
B
Since being introduced to chess at the age of six, Tanitoluwa “Tani” Adewumi has had one goal. He wants to become the world’s youngest-ever Grandmaster—the highest title a chess player can achieve. The record is currently held by Russian chess player Alexandrovich Karjakin, who won the title in 2002 at the age of 12.
To work for his goal, the gifted chess player practiced for up to 11 hours every day after school. On May 1, 2021, the now 10-year-old Tani became the newest national chess master of the United States. The title, awarded by the United States Chess Federation (USCF), requires players to get a rating of between 2200 to 2400. Tani achieved a rating of 2223 by defeating two chess experts, a master, and an international master. Tani said the secret to his success was thinking of his plays ahead of time.
The now fifth-grader first knew and fell in love with chess in 2017 after being exposed to the basics by a part-time teacher at school in Manhattan, New York. However, his mother, Oluwatoyin, didn’t let him join the school’s chess club due to the travel and chess competition costs. The family of four, who were living in a homeless shelter, did not have extra money to spare. When Oluwatoyin explained the family’s situation to the chess club’s instructor, Russell Makofsky, he instantly cancelled all costs for the young boy.
Tani did not disappoint those who supported him. Over less than a year after joining the club, he had garnered seven trophies(奖杯)and was ranked 27 in his age category. In 2019, the then eight-year-old, who was still living in a homeless shelter, made national headlines when he defeated 73 competitors to win the New York State Scholastic Chess K-3 Championship. His amazing story caught much attention and a GoFundMe campaign, set up by Makofsky, helped raise enough money for Tani and his family to move into a new home.
4. What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A. Tani’s efforts paid off. B. Tani did badly at school.
C. Tani hardly practiced chess. D. Tani’s thoughts were simple.
5. Who first introduced Tani to chess?
A. His mother. B. His teacher.
C. Alexandrovich Karjakin. D. Russell Makofsky.
6. Why did Tani’s mother disagree to let him join the chess club?
A. The family was too poor to cover the costs. B. The competition in the club was too fierce.
C. She was afraid that he was not independent. D. She wanted him to concentrate on his study.
7. What does the underlined word “garnered” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Assessed. B. Designed. C. Gained. D. Missed.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名尼日利亚难民孩子通过努力成为美国最新的国际象棋大师的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To work for his goal, the gifted chess player practiced for up to 11 hours every day after school. On May 1, 2021, the now 10-year-old Tani became the newest national chess master of the United States.（为了实现他的目标，这位天才的棋手每天放学后都要练习11个小时。2021年5月1日，现年10岁的Tani成为美国最新的国际象棋大师）”可知，我们从第二段中了解到Tani的努力得到了回报。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The now fifth-grader first knew and fell in love with chess in 2017 after being exposed to the basics by a part-time teacher at school in Manhattan, New York.（这位现在五年级的学生，2017在纽约曼哈顿一所学校的兼职老师教的教导下了解了国际象棋的基本知识，并第一次了解并爱上了国际象棋）”可知，他的老师第一次让塔尼接触国际象棋。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, his mother, Oluwatoyin, didn’t let him join the school’s chess club due to the travel and chess competition costs. The family of four, who were living in a homeless shelter, did not have extra money to spare.（然而，他的母亲奥鲁瓦托因没有让他加入学校的象棋俱乐部，原因是路费和象棋比赛费用太高。这个四口之家住在收容所，没有多余的钱）”可知，Tani的母亲不同意让他加入象棋俱乐部，因为家里太穷了，负担不起这些费用。故选A。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“Tani did not disappoint those who supported him.（塔尼没有让那些支持他的人失望）”可知，在加入俱乐部不到一年的时间里，他获得了7个奖杯，在他的年龄类别中排名第27位。因此garnered意为“获得”，与gain同义。故选C。
C
Widely known as the world’s first national park Yellowstone National Park was built on March 1, 1872. Covering 3,472 square miles, Yellowstone runs through Wyoming and into Montana and Idaho, bringing with it deep canyons, rivers, forests, hot springs, and so on. The wonder of the world attracts millions of visitors each year because of its fantastic facts.
The park has a lake named Yellowstone Lake, which is situated at 7,733 feet above sea level, making it the largest high-elevation lake in all of North America. The lake is about 20 miles long and 14 miles wide, with about 141 miles of shoreline. Each winter, Yellowstone Lake is completely covered with two-foot-thick ice.
Aside from its unique lake, there are also 290 waterfalls found throughout the park, including the famous Yellowstone River Upper and Lower Falls, which end up in an area known as the “Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River”. Visitors can view the falls from several different hiking trails (远足路径) and walkways.
With over 300 campsites and more than 900 miles of hiking trails inside the park—most of which are managed as wilderness areas—Yellowstone is the perfect destination for the most adventurous kind of outdoor enthusiast. It isn’t all difficult wilderness hiking, however, since the park also offers plenty of choices for shorter-day hikes on well-managed trails. There are even paved hikes that are wheelchair-accessible.
Also, you may see different kinds of animals along your hike in the park. Not only are there at least 67 species of mammals (哺乳动物) living in Yellowstone National Park, there are also approximately 300 species of bird and 16 species of fish. There’re at least two threatened species. The Canada lynx (猞猁) was listed as threatened in 2000, and parts of Yellowstone are still considered as the animal’s important natural home. They were found only 112 times in park history. What’s more, in 2018, the government restored (恢复) the protection to grey bears within Yellowstone.
8. How does the text mainly introduce Yellowstone Lake?
A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following space order. D. By following time order.
9. What in Yellowstone National Park attracts adventurous people most?
A. Its many amazing waterfalls. B. Its endangered animal species.
C. Its difficult wilderness hiking trails. D. Its wheelchair-accessible trails.
10. What can be inferred about the wildlife in Yellowstone National Park?
A. Most of the animals are endangered. B. It’s not easy to see the Canada lynx.
C. There are a small number of bird species. D. Grey bears are losing official protection.
11. From which is the text most probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A history book.
C. A personal diary. D. A travel magazine.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Covering 3,472 square miles, Yellowstone runs through Wyoming and into Montana and Idaho, bringing with it deep canyons, rivers, forests, hot springs, and so on.（黄石公园占地3472平方英里，穿过怀俄明州，进入蒙大拿和爱达荷州，带来深谷、河流、森林、温泉等。）”、文章第二段“The park has a lake named Yellowstone Lake, which is situated at 7,733 feet above sea level, making it the largest high-elevation lake in all of North America. The lake is about 20 miles long and 14 miles wide, with about 141 miles of shoreline.（黄石公园有一个名为黄石湖的湖泊，海拔7733英尺，是北美最大的高海拔湖泊。湖长约20英里，宽约14英里，海岸线约141英里。）”、文章第三段“Aside from its unique lake, there are also 290 waterfalls found throughout the park,（除了它独特的湖泊，公园里还有290个瀑布）”、和文章第四段“With over 300 campsites and more than 900 miles of hiking trails inside the park—most of which are managed as wilderness areas—Yellowstone is the perfect destination for the most adventurous kind of outdoor enthusiast.（黄石公园有300多个露营地和900多英里的徒步旅行路线，其中大部分都被管理为荒野区，是最具冒险精神的户外爱好者的理想目的地。）”可推知，文章主要通过列举数据的方式介绍黄石公园。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“With over 300 campsites and more than 900 miles of hiking trails inside the park—most of which are managed as wilderness areas—Yellowstone is the perfect destination for the most adventurous kind of outdoor enthusiast.（黄石公园有300多个露营地和900多英里的徒步旅行路线，其中大部分都被管理为荒野区，是最具冒险精神的户外爱好者的理想目的地。）”可知，黄石国家公园崎岖的荒野徒步旅行路线最吸引喜欢冒险的人。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There’re at least two threatened species. The Canada lynx was listed as threatened in 2000, and parts of Yellowstone are still considered as the animal’s important natural home. They were found only 112 times in park history. （至少有两种濒危物种。加拿大猞猁在2000年被列为濒危动物，黄石公园的部分地区仍然被认为是这种动物重要的自然家园。他们在公园历史上只被发现了112次。）”可推知，要看到加拿大猞猁并不容易。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Widely known as the world’s first national park, Yellowstone National Park was built on March 1, 1872. Covering 3,472 square miles, Yellowstone runs through Wyoming and into Montana and Idaho, bringing with it deep canyons, rivers, forests, hot springs, and so on. The wonder of the world attracts millions of visitors each year because of its fantastic facts.（黄石国家公园建于1872年3月1日，被广泛认为是世界上第一个国家公园。黄石公园占地3472平方英里，穿过怀俄明州，进入蒙大拿和爱达荷州，带来深谷、河流、森林、温泉等。这个世界奇迹每年吸引着数百万游客，因为它的奇异的事实。）”可知，文章主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园。最有可能出自旅游杂志。故选D。
D
Children learn language at a far faster pace than adults. One explanation for this learning advantage comes not from differences between children and adults, but from the differences in the way that people talk to children and adults.
A team of researchers developed a method to experimentally evaluate how parents use what they know about their children’s language when they talk to them. They have found that parents have models of their children’s language knowledge, and use these models to adjust the language they use when speaking to them.
“We have known for years that parents talk to children differently than to other adults in a lot of ways, for example, simplifying their speech and repeating words,” said Daniel Yurovsky, assistant professor in psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. “This helps young kids learn language, but we don’t know whether parents change the way they talk as children are acquiring language.”
Yurovsky adds, “Adults tend to speak to children more slowly. Adults also strengthen their communication with questions to see if children have understood their speech. As the child’s language fluency increases, the sentence structure and complexity (复杂性) used by adults increases.”
Yurovsky and his team wanted to understand exactly how parents adjusted their interactions to match their child’s speech development. The team developed a game where parents helped their children to pick a certain animal from a set of three. Half of the animals in the matching game were animals children typically learn before age two, and the other half were animals that are typically learned later. The researchers asked 41 child-adult pairs to play the game. They measured the differences in how parents talked about animals they thought their children knew as compared to those they thought their children did not know.
The researchers found that the caregiver used various techniques to introduce the unknown animal to the child. The most common approach was to use additional descriptors familiar to the child.
12. Researchers have found parents adjust how they talk to their kids based on ________.
A. their own language level B. the importance of the talk
C. the closeness of their relationship D. their kids’ language knowledge
13. Why do adults ask questions when talking to kids in Yurovsky’s opinion?
A. To draw kids’ attention to the talk. B. To measure kids’ comprehension.
C. To encourage kids to think carefully. D. To increase the difficulty of the speech.
14. What did the researchers do to the parents in the game?
A. They studied their ways to describe animals. B. They required them to act like some animals.
C. They asked them to comment on kids’ speech. D. They limited their words used to talk to kids.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. When Children Should Start to Learn Language B. What Lessons Adults Can Learn From Children
C. How Parents Understand Children’s Language D. Why Children Learn Language Faster Than Adults
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了儿童学习语言的速度比成人快得多。对这种学习优势的一种解释不是来自儿童和成人之间的差异，而是来自人们与儿童和成人交谈方式的差异。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They have found that parents have models of their children’s language knowledge, and use these models to adjust the language they use when speaking to them.（他们发现，父母有孩子的语言知识模型，并使用这些模型来调整他们对孩子说话时使用的语言。）”可知，研究人员发现，父母会根据孩子的语言知识调整与孩子说话的方式。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Adults also strengthen their communication with questions to see if children have understood their speech.（成年人也会通过提问来加强交流，看看孩子是否听懂了他们的话。）”可知，根据Yurovsky的观点，成年人在与孩子交谈时会问一些问题来衡量孩子的理解能力。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The team developed a game where parents helped their children to pick a certain animal from a set of three. Half of the animals in the matching game were animals children typically learn before age two, and the other half were animals that are typically learned later. The researchers asked 41 child-adult pairs to play the game. They measured the differences in how parents talked about animals they thought their children knew as compared to those they thought their children did not know.（该团队开发了一个游戏，父母帮助他们的孩子从三个动物中选择一个特定的动物。在配对游戏中，一半的动物是儿童在两岁之前学会的动物，另一半是儿童在两岁之后才学会的动物。研究人员让41对儿童和成人玩这个游戏。他们测量了父母在谈论他们认为孩子知道的动物和他们认为孩子不知道的动物时的差异。）”可知，他们研究了父母在游戏中描述动物的方法。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Children learn language at a far faster pace than adults. One explanation for this learning advantage comes not from differences between children and adults, but from the differences in the way that people talk to children and adults.（儿童学习语言的速度比成人快得多。对这种学习优势的一种解释不是来自儿童和成人之间的差异，而是来自人们与儿童和成人交谈方式的差异。）”可知，文章主要探索了儿童学语言比成人快的原因。D项：Why Children Learn Language Faster Than Adults（为什么儿童学语言比成人快）符合题意。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Happy
Happiness is a great goal to have, and it’s something you’ll need to work toward every day. The following will help you be happy.
Work on improving your weaknesses so you can overcome them. Everyone has weaknesses, so don’t feel bad about yours. If your weaknesses bother you, try to improve them by learning new skills or trying something different.____16____.
Express your emotions so they don’t get bottled up. Your feelings are super important, so don’t try to hide them. Ignoring your emotions can actually make them become more intense(激烈的).____17____.
Spend your money on experiences rather than things. Buying something you really want is fun, but it won't lead to lasting happiness.____18____, so use your money to pay for fun activities or trips. For more enjoyment, do things with people you care about.
____19____. Hanging out with positive people can boost your mood. Identify the people in your life who make you feel uplifted, then spend more time with them. Invite them to hang out one-on-one, text them, and organize group outings with them.
Connect with others so you feel like part of your community. Humans need community, so being around others helps you feel happier.____20____. You can do this by relating to them, finding common ground, or empathizing with what they’re going through.
A. Do not give up on weekend
B. Surround yourself with positive people
C. Spend more time with your close friends
D. Experiences bring you more joy than items
E. That way, you might be able to improve yourself
F. Focus on connecting with the people around you
G. Instead, choose a healthy way to release your emotions
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个能让人变得开心的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If your weaknesses bother you, try to improve them by learning new skills or trying something different. (如果你的缺点困扰着你，试着通过学习新技能或尝试一些不同的东西来改善它们。)”可知，我们的缺点可以通过学习新技能或尝试一些不同的东西来改善，E项“That way, you might be able to improve yourself.(那样的话，你可能会提高自己。)”与上文构成顺承关系，句中“That way”与上文“try to improve them by learning new skills or trying something different”相照应，符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Express your emotions so they don’t get bottled up.( 表达你的情绪，这样他们就不会被压抑。)”可知，本段内容和情绪有关，G项“Instead, choose a healthy way to release your emotions.(相反，选择一种健康的方式来释放你的情绪。)”与上文“Ignoring your emotions can actually make them become more intense.(忽视你的情绪实际上会让它们变得更强烈)”构成对比关系，且句中的“your emotions”和主题句相照应。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据本段主题句“Spend your money on experiences rather than things.(把钱花在经历上，而不是东西上。)”可知，本段内容和“experiences”有关，D项“Experiences bring you more joy than items.(经历比物品带给你更多的快乐。)”符合语境。故选D。
【19题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Hanging out with positive people can boost your mood. Identify the people in your life who make you feel uplifted, then spend more time with them. Invite them to hang out one-on-one, text them, and organize group outings with them.( 和积极的人在一起可以改善你的情绪。找出生活中让你感到振奋的人，然后花更多的时间和他们在一起。邀请他们单独出去玩，给他们发短信，和他们一起组织集体出游。)”可知，本段主要讲述要与积极的人在一起。B项“Surround yourself with positive people.(和积极向上的人在一起。)”是全段主题句。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据本段主题句“Connect with others so you feel like part of your community.( 与他人交流，这样你才会觉得自己是社区的一份子。)”可知，本段主要讲述要与他人建立联系，F项“Focus on connecting with the people around you.(注重与你周围的人的联系。)”符合语境，句中“connecting”与主题句“connect”相照应。故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If a person only has an arm, how could he or she play basketball? How could he or she even dribble (运球) like a ____21____ player? Zhang Jiacheng, a Chinese boy, has made it and ____22____ everyone who knows his story from the Internet.
After a short ____23____ of the teenage basketball player playing a competition was recently ____24____ online. Zhang soon became an Internet focus and was highly ____25____ for his strong will and extraordinary skills. In the video, Zhang showed his dribbling abilities and ____26____ skills in front of a defence made up of several professional basketball players, and received a loud ____27____ from the audience watching on ____28____. “It is the power of basketball, so impressive and ____29____!” A netizen who saw this video _____30_____ on Sina Weibo.
Born in Guangdong, China, Zhang _____31_____ his right arm in an accident when he was only five, which was very _____32_____ for a little kid. But Zhang hasn’t let that misfortune discourage him from pursuing his _____33_____, and he has never given in to his fate as his love and passion for basketball _____34_____ stronger. Basketball is by no means just a _____35_____ for this one-armed teenager. _____36_____, he dreams of being a professional athlete!
“Your heart is always the _____37_____ part of your body,” said Yi Jianlian, after watching the teenager’s short video.
“Your right hand has been _____38_____ in a cruel way, but you have the best left hand. You are the real _____39_____ in this game,” former CBA player Wang Jing _____40_____ highly of Zhang’s performance.
21. A. funny B. professional C. serious D. rigid
22. A. attracted B. annoyed C. frightened D. impressed
23. A. talk B. report C. video D. note
24. A. posted B. returned C. printed D. sold
25. A. persuaded B. praised C. criticized D. convinced
26. A. shooting B. learning C. climbing D. listening
27. A. argument B. laugh C. voice D. cheer
28. A. radio B. web C. site D. TV
29. A. inspirational B. helpful C. illegal D. ridiculous
30. A. advertised B. wrote C. answered D. explained
31. A. pulled B. seized C. lost D. waved
32. A. unwise B. unintelligent C. uncertain D. unfortunate
33. A. policy B. dream C. truth D. freedom
34. A. grow B. develop C. feel D. expect
35. A. lest B. custom C. hobby D. job
36. A. Nearly B. Strangely C. Constantly D. Actually
37. A. strongest B. softest C. smartest D. warmest
38. A. taken up B. taken in C. taken away D. taken down
39. A. boy B. soldier C. artist D. star
40. A. named B. spoke C. concluded D. prayed
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼时不幸失去了右臂的中国男孩张家城，成功地做到像职业球员那样运球和投篮，并梦想成为一名职业运动员，受到许多人，包括职业球员的赞扬。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他或她怎么能像职业球员那样运球呢? A. funny好玩的；B. professional专业的；C. serious认真的；D. rigid固执的。根据“If a person only has an arm, how could he or she play basketball?”可知，一只胳膊的人怎么能像职业球员那样运球呢? 故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张家城，一个中国男孩，成功了，并给每个从网上知道他的故事的人留下了深刻的印象。 A. attracted吸引；B. annoyed使恼怒；C. frightened害怕；D. impressed 使……有印象。根据“everyone who knows his story from the Internet.”可知，张家城的故事给人留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名青少年篮球运动员参加比赛的短视频最近被发布在网上。A. talk交谈；B. report报告；C. video视频；D. note笔记。根据“A netizen who saw this video ____10____ on Sina Weibo.”可知，张家城比赛的短视频最近被发布在网上。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名青少年篮球运动员参加比赛的短视频最近被发布在网上。A. posted张贴；发布；B. returned返回；C. printed打印；D. sold卖。根据“online”可知，短视频被发布在网上。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张很快成为网络焦点，并因其坚强的意志和非凡的技能而受到高度赞扬。A. persuaded劝服；B. praised赞扬；C. criticized指责；D. convinced信服。根据“for his strong will and extraordinary skills.”可知，张家城因其坚强的意志和非凡的技能而受到高度赞扬。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在视频中，张在由几名职业篮球运动员组成的后防线前展示了自己的运球能力和投篮技巧，现场观众为他欢呼雀跃。A. shooting投篮；B. learning学习；C. climbing爬；D. listening听。根据“Zhang showed his dribbling abilities”可知，这里指张家城的运球能力和投篮技巧。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在视频中，张在由几名职业篮球运动员组成的后防线前展示了自己的运球能力和投篮技巧，现场观众为他欢呼雀跃。A. argument争论；B. laugh大笑；C. voice声音；D. cheer欢呼。根据“from the audience watching on ____8____.”可知，观众为张家城精彩表现欢呼雀跃。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在视频中，张在由几名职业篮球运动员组成的后防线前展示了自己的运球能力和投篮技巧，现场观众为他欢呼雀跃。A. radio收音机；B. web网；C. site现场；D. TV电视。on site在现场的。根据“and received a loud ____7____ from the audience watching”可知，这里指现场的观众为张家城精彩表现欢呼雀跃。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位网友在新浪微博上看到这段视频后写道：“这就是篮球的力量，如此令人印象深刻和鼓舞人心!”A. inspirational鼓舞人心的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. illegal非法的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据“It is the power of basketball, so impressive”可知，张家城精彩表现令人印象深刻和鼓舞人心。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位网友在新浪微博上看到这段视频后写道：“这就是篮球的力量，如此令人印象深刻和鼓舞人心!”A. advertised广告；B. wrote写；C. answered回答； D. explained解释。根据“It is the power of basketball, so impressive and ____9____!”可知，网友在新浪微博上写的评论。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张出生在中国广东，5岁时在一次事故中失去了右臂，这对一个小男孩来说是非常不幸的。A. pulled拉；B. seized抓住；C. lost失去；D. waved挥舞。根据首句“If a person only has an arm, how could he or she play basketball?”可知，张家城在事故中失去右臂。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：张出生在中国广东，5岁时在一次事故中失去了右臂，这对一个小男孩来说是非常不幸的。A. unwise不明智的；B. unintelligent无知的；C. uncertain不确定的；D. unfortunate不幸的。根据“Zhang ____11____ his right arm in an accident when he was only five,”可知，张家城在事故中失去右臂，当然是不幸的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这一不幸并没有阻止他追寻自己的梦想，随着他对篮球的热爱和热情越来越强烈，他从未向命运屈服。A. policy政策；B. dream梦想；C. truth事实；D. freedom自由。根据“and he has never given in to his fate as his love and passion for basketball ____14____ stronger.”可知，张家城继续追寻自己的梦想。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这一不幸并没有阻止他追寻自己的梦想，随着他对篮球的热爱和热情越来越强烈，他从未向命运屈服。A. grow成长；渐渐变得；B. develop发展；C. feel感觉；D. expect期望。根据“But Zhang hasn’t let that misfortune discourage him from pursuing his ____13____,”可知，张家城对篮球的热爱和热情渐渐变得越来越强烈。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：篮球绝不仅仅是这个独臂少年的爱好。A. lest担心；B. custom习惯；C. hobby爱好；D. job工作。根据“____16____, he dreams of being a professional athlete!”可知，这个独臂少年对篮球不仅仅是爱好。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他梦想成为一名职业运动员!A. Nearly几乎；B. Strangely奇怪地；C. Constantly不断地；D. Actually事实上。根据“he dreams of being a professional athlete!”可知，这个独臂少年事实上想成为一名职业运动员。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：“你的内心永远是你身体最强壮的部分，”易建联看完这个少年的短视频后说。A. strongest最强壮的；B. softest最柔软的；C. smartest最聪明的；D. warmest最温暖的。根据“Your heart”和常识可知，内心永远是一个人身体最强壮的部分。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你的右手被残忍地夺走了，但你有最好的左手。A. taken up从事；B. taken in接受；C. taken away夺取；D. taken down写下。根据“Zhang ____11____ his right arm in an accident when he was only five,”可知，张家城的右手被残忍地夺走了。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你是这场比赛中真正明星。 A. boy男孩；B. soldier战士；C. artist艺术家；D. star明星。根据“in this game”可知，张家城是比赛场上真正的明星。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：前CBA球员王晶高度评价了张的表现。A. named命名；B. spoke讲；C. concluded得出结论；D. prayed保佑。speak highly of对……高度评价。根据“Your right hand has been ____18____ in a cruel way, but you have the best left hand. You are the real ____19____ in this game,”可知，前CBA球员王晶高度评价了张家城的表现。故选B。
第II卷（共50分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research has found that fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise can increase levels ____41____ happiness.
While ____42____ link between lifestyle and well-being has been ____43____ (previous) documented and often used in public health campaigns to encourage healthier diets and exercise, new findings show that there is also positive causation(因果关系) from lifestyle to life satisfaction.
Findings show that the ability of individuals to delay satisfaction and apply self-control plays a major role in influencing lifestyle decisions, ____44____ in turn have a positive impact on well-being.
With it being well known that lifestyle diseases ____45____ (be) a leading cause of ill health and mortality (死亡率) worldwide, these findings could have significant implications for public-health-policy makers.
Dr. Gschwandtner from the University of Kent said, “Behaviors that enable the planning-self____46____ (strengthen) long-term goals are likely to be especially helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If a better lifestyle not only makes us healthier but also ____47____ (happy), then it is clear win-win situation.”
Professor Kambhampati from the University of Reading said. “There has been a bigger shift in recent ____48____ (year) for healthier lifestyle choices. Establishing that ____49____ (eat) more fruit and vegetables and exercising can increase happiness and offer health benefits is a major development. This may also prove _____50_____ (use) for policy campaigns around environment and sustainability.”
【答案】41. of 42. the
43. previously
44. which 45. are
46. to strengthen
47. happier
48. years 49. eating
50. useful
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究表明，食用水果和蔬菜再加上锻炼可以提高幸福水平。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：新的研究发现，水果和蔬菜的消费和锻炼可以提高幸福水平。根据句意可知，指的是“幸福的水平”，用介词of。故填of。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：虽然生活方式和幸福感之间的联系之前已经有文献记载，并且经常被用于公共健康运动，以鼓励更健康的饮食和锻炼，但新的研究结果表明，生活方式和生活满意度之间也存在积极的因果关系。修饰名词link，特指，用定冠词the。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然生活方式和幸福感之间的联系之前已经有文献记载，并且经常被用于公共健康运动，以鼓励更健康的饮食和锻炼，但新的研究结果表明，生活方式和生活满意度之间也存在积极的因果关系。修饰动词document用副词形式。故填previously。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，个体延迟满足和应用自我控制的能力在影响生活方式的决定中发挥着重要作用，反过来又对幸福感产生积极影响。句中先行词为lifestyle decisions，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：众所周知，生活方式疾病是全球健康状况不佳和死亡的主要原因，这些发现可能对公共卫生政策制定者产生重大影响。考查从句谓语动词，根据下文plays可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为lifestyle diseases，复数，所以用are。故填are。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那些能让计划自我加强的行为在保持健康的生活方式方面可能特别有帮助。非谓语动词担当enable的宾语补足语，用不定式，构成短语：enable…to do…使……能够……。故填to strengthen。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：”如果更好的生活方式不仅让我们更健康，也让我们更快乐，那么这显然是双赢的局面。根据上文的not only…but also…可知，空处和healthier保持一致，所以用形容词比较级。故填happier。
【48题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：近年来，人们选择更健康的生活方式有了更大的转变。根据recent可知，是“近来这些年”，用名词的复数形式。故填years。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项重大的进展是，证实多吃水果蔬菜和锻炼可以增加幸福感，并提供健康益处。非谓语动词担当从句的主语用动名词形式。故填eating。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这也可能被证明对环境和可持续发展的政策运动有用。形容词担当系动词prove的表语。故填useful。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧）， 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Daniel,
I’m sorry to hear that you had the argument with your mother.
In my opinions, you should apologize to your mother, as she has done nothing wrong prevent you from Internet addiction. Although the Internet plays an important role in modern life, we can’t ignore its seriously harm to us. Many students spend most of the time play computer games or chatting aimlessly with others, which may not only result in poor health and decline in study, and also loss of communication in the real world.
As students which we devote our energy to should be learning. When available, you may as well walk outside with my friends or took some exercise to keep fit. Only in this way can you live in and study happily and healthily.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】1. the → an
2. opinions → opinion
3. 在prevent前加to
4. seriously→ serious
5. play→ playing
6. and → but
7. which→ what
8. my→ your
9. took→ take
10.去掉live后的in


【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者针对朋友与其母亲闹矛盾进行劝解并给出建议。
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：听说你和你妈妈吵架了，我很难过。可数名词argument在本句中为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，又以元音音素开头，因而用an。故将the改为an。
2. 考查名词。句意：在我看来，你应该向你的母亲道歉，因为她没有做错任何事来阻止你上网成瘾。短语in one’s opinion表示“依某人看”，根据my可知，此处可数名词opinion应用单数。故将opinions改为opinion。
3. 考查不定式。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，形容词wrong后需用不定式作宾语。故在prevent前加to。
4. 考查形容词。句意：虽然互联网在现代生活中发挥着重要作用，但我们不能忽视它对我们的严重危害。harm在本句中是名词，需由形容词修饰。故将seriously改为serious。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生把大部分时间花在玩电脑游戏或漫无目的地与他人聊天上，这不仅可能导致健康状况不佳和学习成绩下降，还可能导致在现实世界中失去沟通。短语spend time (in) doing sth表示“花费时间做某事”。故将play改为playing。
6. 考查连词。句意：同上。not only...but also...表示“不但……而且”。故将and改为but。
7. 考查主语从句连接词。句意：作为学生，我们应该将精力投入到学习上。分析句子结构可知，本句中包含主语从句，连接词在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，因而需用what引导。故将which改为what。
8. 考查代词。句意：如果可以的话，你也可以和朋友一起出去走走，或者锻炼身体以保持健康。句子的主语是you，根据句意可知，应该是“你的朋友”。故将my改为your。
9. 考查时态。句意：同上。根据walk可知，本句时态为一般现在时，连词or连接并列谓语。故将took改为take。
10. 考查介词。句意：只有这样，你才能快乐、健康地生活和学习。live in表示“生活在”，后面需有宾语，分析句子结构可知，句中没有介词in的宾语，连词and连接的是live和study两个动词。故去掉live后的in。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，在外籍教师Mr. Smith的帮助和指导下，你在你校举办的英语诗歌创作大赛中荣获一等奖。请你就此事给Mr. Smith写封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 分享你获奖的好消息；
2. 感谢Mr. Smith对你的帮助；
3. 表达你对英语文学的喜爱并恳请继续指导。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结束语已为你写好。
Dear Mr. Smith,
How are you doing?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you again! And best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I’m Li Hua, your former student in China. I am writing to express my thanks to you for helping me improve my spoken English. I have already won the first prize in the English Poetry Writing competition. Thanks to your help, I got so much unforgettable experience.
I’m really grateful to you for your help, without which it would have been much more difficult for me. I still remember the days when you taught me English. My English has been improved greatly because of your creative work. I’m interested in English literature. If there is a chance, I am looking forward to your guidance.
Thank you again! And best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，在外籍教师Mr. Smith的帮助和指导下，你在你校举办的英语诗歌创作大赛中荣获一等奖。请你就此事给Mr. Smith写封电子邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
口语：spoken English→oral English
表达：express→convey
感谢的：grateful→thankful
机会：chance→opportunity
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I have already won the first prize in the English Poetry Writing competition. Thanks to your help, I got so much unforgettable experience.
拓展句：Thanks to your help, I have already won the first prize in the English Poetry Writing competition, which made me get so much unforgettable experience.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m really grateful to you for your help, without which it would have been much more difficult for me. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] If there is a chance, I am looking forward to your education and guidance. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)