2022北京朝阳区高一下学期期末英语试卷含解析

这是一份2022北京朝阳区高一下学期期末英语试卷含解析，文件包含北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试卷含解析docx、北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试卷无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。

北京市朝阳区2021~2022学年度第二学期质量检测
高一英语试卷
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Joys of Getting Lost
Many years ago, I was speaking at a conference in San Antonio, Texas. I ___1___ a few days early, alone, to explore the town. So attracted by the sights and sounds that reminded me so much of Mexico, I became ___2___ in an area far from the areas that tourists often visit. I ___3___ noticed the familiar smell of fresh masa and followed my nose. There was a food store filled with people, all of whom turned and looked at me as I walked in the door. I surely didn’t look like I belonged there. I ___4___ to get more than directions. I stepped up to the counter (柜台) and asked, in Spanish, for 10 pounds of the fresh masa. The man behind the counter said ___5___, but looked at me and went into a back room. Within minutes he ___6___ with an older woman. She asked me, in Spanish, what I was going to do with the masa. I told her I was going to take it back to Philadelphia and make tamales (玉米粉蒸肉). Then came the ___7___. Unsmiling, she asked if I knew the secret to making good tamales. I looked at her and said that one must be in a good mood, or they would taste bad. She ___8___ widely and enveloped me in a huge hug. Everyone in the place cheered. She had her son drive me and my masa back to my ___9___. I stayed in touch with my new friends for several years after that, and still feel ___10___ whenever I think of San Antonio.
1. A. left B. returned C. arrived D. replied
2. A. lost B. silent C. angry D. tired
3. A. seldom B. immediately C. even D. suddenly
4. A. decided B. agreed C. pretended D. begged
5. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
6. A. escaped B. cooked C. appeared D. stood
7. A. test B. discussion C. meeting D. service
8. A. listened B. knew C. travelled D. smiled
9. A. store B. company C. hotel D. house
10. A. sad B. warm C. lonely D. hungry
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者要去San Antonio参加一个会议，作者提前了几天到那里，文章讲述了作者在一次外出探索这个城镇迷路后的愉快经历。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我提前几天到的，一个人，想要探索这个小镇。A. left离开；B. returned返回；C. arrived到达；D. replied回答。根据“to explore the town”可知，作者在会议前几天提前到了这个城市四处看看。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被那些让我想起墨西哥的景象和声音所吸引，在一个远离游客常去的地方迷路了。A. lost迷路的；B. silent沉默的；C. angry生气的；D. tired累的。根据“far from the areas that tourists often visit”可知，作者在远离人群的地方迷路了，且由文章标题“The Joys of Getting Lost”可知，下文是描述迷路后的经历。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我突然注意到新鲜粉糊那熟悉的气味，便跟着味道走。A. seldom很少；B. immediately立即；C. even甚至；D. suddenly突然。上文提到作者迷路了，此处指突然闻到新鲜粉糊的味道，便顺着香味走去，故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我便决定不只是打听方向。A. decided决定；B. agreed同意；C. pretended假装；D. begged乞求。根据下一句“I stepped up to the counter (柜台) and asked, in Spanish, for 10 pounds of the fresh masa.(我走到柜台前，用西班牙语说要10磅新鲜的粉糊)”可知，作者决定不仅问路，还要买十镑粉糊，故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：柜台后面的人什么也没说，只是看着我，并走进了后面的一个房间。A. something某些事情；B. nothing没有什么；C. everything每件事情，一切；D. anything任何事情。根据“but looked at me and went into a back room”可知，此处表示否定，指柜台后面的人什么也没说，而是看了看作者然后走进后面的房间，故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，他带着一个年长的女人出现了。A. escaped逃跑；B. cooked煮，烹饪；C. appeared出现；D. stood站立。根据下文“She asked me, in Spanish, what I was going to do with the masa.(她用西班牙语问我用粉糊做什么)”可知，此处指他和一个年长的女人出来了。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她开始接待我。A. test测验，考试；B. discussion讨论；C. meeting会议；D. service（对顾客的）接待，服务。根据语境可知，她问作者买粉糊做什么，作者回答后她就开始准备粉糊，故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她笑得很开心，给了我一个大大的拥抱。A. listened听；B. knew知道；C. travelled旅行；D. smiled微笑。上文“Unsmiling, she asked…”提到她面无表情地问作者，根据空后“…enveloped me in a huge hug.”可知，听了作者的回答后她笑得很开心，并拥抱了作者，故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她让她儿子开车送我和粉糊回酒店。A. store商店；B. company公司；C. hotel旅馆，酒店；D. house房子。根据上文可知，作者是来San Antonio参加会议，应是住在酒店。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之后的几年里，我一直和我的新朋友们保持着联系，直到现在，每当我想起San Antonio，我仍然感到温暖。A. sad悲伤的；B. warm温暖的；C. lonely孤单的；D. hungry饥饿的。根据上文作者的经历及空前“I stayed in touch with my new friends for several years after that”可知，作者和他们成了朋友，一直保持联系，所以每次想到那次经历应是感到温暖。故选B项。
第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并用其正确形式填空。
be curious about come across to sum up take action be honoured to
be regarded as work out refer to end up break down

11. Is this the beautiful small town that you often ________?
12. As we all know, babies ________ everything around them.
13. We ________ having to put off our holiday because of bad weather.
14. Unless governments ________, the Earth’s atmosphere will continue to heat up.
15. I ________ invite you to visit an exhibition, whose theme is “Creativity Lights Up Life”.
16. Although Eileen Gu is only 19 years old, she ________ one of the world’s top freestyle skiers.
17. ________ for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
18. We need to ________ how much food we’ll need to take with us.
19. I ________ some old photos when I was cleaning out the room.
20. Sandra was late for the meeting because her car ________.
【答案】11. refer to
12. are curious about
13. ended up
14. take action
15. am honoured to
16. is regarded as
17. To sum up
18. work out
19. came across
20. broke down
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：这就是你经常提到的那个美丽的小镇吗？由“the beautiful small town that you often”可知，句子表示“这就是你经常提到的那个美丽的小镇吗”，空格处意为“提到”，是refer to，由often可知，句子时态用一般现在时，you是第二人称，因此空格处用动词原形，故填refer to。
【12题详解】
考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我们都知道，婴儿对周围的一切都很好奇。由“everything around them”可知，婴儿对周围的一切都很好奇，空格处意为“对……好奇”，是固定短语be curious about，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，babies是复数，因此空格处是are curious about，故填are curious about。
【13题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟度假。由“having to put off our holiday because of bad weather”可知，句子表示“由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟度假”，也就是我们最后不得不推迟度假，空格处意为“最后”，是end up，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填ended up。
【14题详解】
考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：除非各国政府采取行动，否则地球的大气层将继续升温。由“the Earth’s atmospher will continue to heat up”可知，句子表示“除非各国政府采取行动，否则地球的大气层将继续升温”，空格处意为“采取行动”，是固定短语take action，Unless引导的是条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，主语governments是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，故填take action。
【15题详解】
考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我很荣幸邀请您参观一个以“创意点亮生活”为主题的展览。由“invite you to visit an exhibition, whose theme is “Creativity Lights Up Life””可知，句子表示“我很荣幸邀请您参观一个以“创意点亮生活”为主题的展览”，空格处意为“很荣幸”，是固定短语be honoured to，句子描述现在的事情，时态用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，因此空格处是am honoured to。故填am honoured to。
【16题详解】
考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管谷爱凌只有19岁，但她被认为是世界上最顶尖的自由式滑雪运动员之一。由“one of the world’s top freestyle skiers”可知，谷爱凌被认为是世界上最顶尖的自由式滑雪运动员之一，空格处意为“被认为”，是be regarded as，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，因此空格处是is regarded as。故填is regarded as。
【17题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟。由“for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking”可知，句子表示“总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟”，空格处意为“总之”，是to sum up，位于句首，首字母大写，故填To sum up。
【18题详解】
考查固定短语不定式。句意：我们需要算出我们需要带多少食物。由“how much food”可知，句子表示“算出我们需要带多少食物”，空格处意为“算出”，是work out，need to do是固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故填work out。
【19题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：我在打扫房间的时候偶然发现一些旧照片。由“some old photos”可知，句子表示“我在打扫房间的时候偶然发现一些旧照片”，空格处意为“偶然发现”，是固定短语come across，由“when I was cleaning out the room”可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填came across。
【20题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：桑德拉开会迟到了，因为她的车坏了。由“Sandra was late for the meeting”可知，她的车坏了，空格处意为“出故障”，是break down，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填broke down。
（请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. It is a common knowledge ________ practice makes perfect. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：众所周知，熟能生巧。分析可知，句子为主语从句，it做形式主语，从句句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。故填that。
22. Money ________ (spend) on the brain is never spent in vain.(所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】spent
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花在智力上的钱决不会白花。分析句子可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Money和spend是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，作定语，表被动。故填spent。
23. To see one thing ________ (be) better than to hear a hundred times. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看一件事胜过听一百遍。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是不定式“To see one thing”，谓语动词用第三人称单数，因此空格处是is，故填is。
24. In this chapter, I will attempt ________ (explain) what led up to cultural difference. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to explain
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在本章中，我将试图解释导致文化差异的原因。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语。attempt to do sth.是固定短语，意为“企图做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式。故填to explain。
25. Tracy lay on the river bank, ________ (feel) the warmth of the sun against her face. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】feeling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：特雷西躺在河岸上，感受着阳光照在脸上的温暖。分析可知，句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，Tracy和feel之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语。故填feeling。
26. He was very happy to see his mother ________ (take) good care of in hospital. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】taken
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他很高兴看到他的母亲在医院受到很好的照顾。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语补足语。his mother 与take care of之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填taken。
27. John has been unwell, and this may be the reason ________ he lost the match. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰身体不适，这可能是他输掉比赛的原因。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词reason是原因，且在从句中作状语，因此用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。
28. Please do ________ your parents ask you to do. Otherwise, you’ll get into trouble. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：请按照你父母让你做的去做。否则，你会有麻烦的。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句作动词do的宾语，连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物，意为“……的事”。故填what。
29. Steven is a designer ________ works have won international praise. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史蒂文是一位设计师，他的作品赢得了国际赞誉。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是designer ，在从句中作定语，designer和works之间是所属关系，空格处用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
30. Home is ________ you can find love and care. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方。空格处引导的是表语从句，由句意可知，“家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方”，空格处意为“……的地方”，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。
（请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Read the post from Paul on the “Answers 4U” website.

Read what Sarah writes in reply to Paul.


31. What problem does Paul have?
A. He worries about his career life. B. He considers himself not creative.
C. He has difficulty understanding things. D. He will fail his course however hard he works.
32. What can we learn from Sarah’s reply?
A. She doesn’t get why Paul is afraid.
B. She believes each question has the right answer.
C. She thinks people should often reflect on their ideas.
D. She thinks people should think freely without fear of judgement.
33. From the passage we know that ________.
A. Paul and Sarah are strangers B. Paul and Sarah have the same idea
C. Paul and Sarah are college classmates D. Paul and Sarah are from the same place
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一封网上的求助信和建议信。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个帖子里的“At first, I thought it wouldn’t be a problem-but now I’m really anxious because I’m not a creative person at all! (起初，我以为这不会是一个问题，但现在我真的很焦虑，因为我根本不是一个有创造力的人！)”可知，保罗的问题是他认为自己没有创造力。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二个帖子里的“If you try an idea and other people laugh at your idea, that’s their problem, not yours.(如果你尝试了一个想法，其他人却嘲笑你的想法，那是他们的问题，不是你的问题。)”可知，她认为人们应该自由地思考，而不必害怕别人的评价。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Read the post from Paul on the “Answers 4U” website.(阅读保罗在“回答4U”网站上发表的文章。)”和第二个帖子里的“I read your post and can completely relate to it.(我读了你的帖子，完全能感同身受。)”可知，Paul在网上发文章求助，Sarah在网上回帖，因此他们是陌生人，故选A。
B
A new documentary called Silver Surfers shows the inspiring story of a group of teens helping elderly people to improve the quality of their lives by teaching them how to make use of the Internet. Rosemary Raynes, the director of the documentary, got the idea when talking to her sisters Poppy and Amy about a project they had started several years before in Kinston, Canada. The two teenagers had a clear goal: they wanted to help elderly people to feel more connected to other people, through the use of the Internet.
The two teenagers started the project after seeing how the Internet had changed their own grandparents’ lives. Their grandparents could use the Internet at a basic level but wanted to become more skillful. After the two girls had given them a few basic IT lessons, they were able to use the computer confidently, and became eager users of Facebook and email.
The two students were so inspired by the success that they got several of their friends to join them. Together, they started to visit a local home for elderly people. Many of the people there couldn’t even switch on a computer without help. But the young people were amazed how much they had learned after only a few lessons.
It’s interesting to see how the silver surfers featured in the documentary all had very different interests. Some of them wanted to use Facebook to stay in touch with family members. Others were eager to get ideas for travelling playing an instrument or cooking.
Through the project, silver surfers have got good results: 89-year-old Sheila, together with a friend, managed to create a YouTube cooking class; 93-year-old Marilyn succeeded in making a rap video; Albert, 89, used the Internet to reconnect online with people he hadn’t seen for many years.
The project has been met with great interest in several countries, and a number of follow-up projects have been started. They are all aimed at helping elderly people to explore the benefits of technology, have fun, and stay in touch with others—thanks to a wonderful project by two teenage girls.
34. What does the documentary Silver Surfers show?
A. Elderly people’s achievements impress the world.
B Teenagers teach elderly people to use the Internet.
C. Elderly people come together with long-lost friends.
D. Teenagers help elderly people master cooking skills.
35. Why are the examples of silver surfers mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To explain the effect of follow-up projects.
B. To suggest the good topics for documentary.
C. To prove positive outcomes achieved by the project.
D. To encourage more teenagers to take part in the project.
36. Which could be the best title for the passage?
A. Home Projects for Directors B. Great Success for a Documentary
C. When Silver Surfers Get Connected D. How the Internet Saves Silver Surfers
【答案】34. B 35. C 36. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一部名为《银发网民》的新纪录片，该片讲述了一群青少年通过教他们如何使用互联网来帮助老年人提高生活质量的故事。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一自然段“A new documentary called Silver Surfers shows the inspiring story of a group of teens helping elderly people to improve the quality of their lives by teaching them how to make use of the Internet.（一部名为《银发网民》的新纪录片讲述了一群青少年通过教老年人如何使用互联网来帮助老年人提高生活质量的鼓舞人心的故事。）”可知，这部纪录片讲述的是一群青少年教老年人使用互联网的故事。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五自然段“Through the project, silver surfers have got good results: 89-year-old Sheila, together with a friend, managed to create a YouTube cooking class; 93-year-old Marilyn succeeded in making a rap video; Albert, 89, used the Internet to reconnect online with people he hadn’t seen for many years.（通过这个项目，银发网民取得了很好的成绩：89岁的希拉和一个朋友一起在YouTube上开设了一个烹饪课；93岁的玛丽莲成功制作了一段说唱视频；89岁的阿尔伯特通过互联网与多年未见的人重新联系。）”可知，作者提到银发网民是为了证明项目取得的积极成果。故选C。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一部名为《银发网民》的新纪录片，该片讲述了一群青少年通过教他们如何使用互联网来帮助老年人提高生活质量的故事。在互联网的帮助下，老年人感觉到与他人的联系更加紧密。D项“How the Internet Saves Silver Surfers（ 互联网如何拯救银发网民）”最能概括文章主旨。故选D。
C
People have been telling stories for as long as they have been walking the Earth. And from cave paintings to Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre to Hollywood films, the methods of telling them have got more and more complex.
In the 1960s, a new storytelling art form appeared—the urban legend (都市传奇). Even if you’ve never heard the term, you’ve certainly heard an urban legend. What about the story of the unwanted pet alligators that were rushed down the toilet and are now living in the underground tubes of New York City? Or a man who woke up in the yard and saw a note informing him that his house had been stolen?
One of the key features of the urban legend is its lack of an author. The stories appear mysteriously and are then passed on by word of mouth. And, although we know these mini-stories of horror, humour and awkwardness are almost certainly not true, part of us wants to believe them.
Then the Internet, which is packed with stories (everything from jokes to the latest books from top-selling authors), helped create and spread urban legends. Before the Internet, urban legends went around quite slowly. They took time to reach a larger audience. The Internet changed all that almost overnight.
The Internet is the perfect vehicle for the urban legend, for it not only allows the stories to spread much faster but it allows for greater anonymity, too—a lot of what we read online doesn’t have an author’s name attached to it. This anonymity adds to the overall mystery.
Of course, the Internet also allows you to check the truth of a story more easily. Over time, a number of sites have appeared which collect stories, find out the truth about their origins and report the results. Often there isn’t any truth to the story at all. But sometimes the urban legend grew from something that did actually happen. Because of the Internet, learning about the origins of an urban legend can be as interesting and enjoyable as the story itself.
37. What can we learn about storytelling from the first paragraph?
A. It has changed over time. B. It requires modern methods.
C. It is the way to explore the earth. D. It has originated from Shakespeare’s time.
38. What does the author mean when he says “the Internet is packed with stories”?
A. There are only online stories. B. The stories spread slowly online.
C. There are all kinds of stories online. D. The stories take too much space online.
39. As for the influence of the Internet on urban legends, the author is ________.
A. worried B. satisfied C. puzzled D. surprised
40. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Urban legends are generally mysterious stories.
B. Urban legends appear at the same time as the Internet.
C. It is more fun to find its origin compared with the story itself.
D. People like to discover whether urban legends are true or not.
【答案】37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是都市传说这种新的讲故事的艺术形式。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“And from cave paintings to Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre to Hollywood films, the methods of telling them have got more and more complex.(从洞穴壁画到莎士比亚环球剧院再到好莱坞电影，讲述它们的方法变得越来越复杂。)”可知，关于讲故事，我们能从第一段中了解到讲故事随着时间的推移而改变。故选A。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“everything from jokes to the latest books from top-selling authors(从笑话到畅销作家的新书，应有尽有)”可知，“the Internet is packed with stories”的意思是网上有各种各样的故事。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Then the Internet, which is packed with stories (everything from jokes to the latest books from top-selling authors), helped create and spread urban legends.(然后，充斥着故事的互联网（从笑话到畅销作家的新书，应有尽有）帮助创造和传播了都市传说。)”，倒数第二段的“The Internet is the perfect vehicle for the urban legend, for it not only allows the stories to spread much faster but it allows for greater anonymity, too(互联网是城市传说的完美载体，因为它不仅能让故事更快地传播，而且还能提供更大的匿名性)”和最后一段的“Of course, the Internet also allows you to check the truth of a story more easily.(当然，互联网也可以让你更容易地核实一个故事的真实性。)”可知，作者觉得互联网对都市传说有积极的作用，因此作者对此是满意的，故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Of course, the Internet also allows you to check the truth of a story more easily.Over time, a number of sites have appeared which collect stories, find out the truth about their origins and report the results.(当然，互联网也可以让你更容易地核实一个故事的真实性。随着时间的推移，出现了一些收集故事、查明故事来源的真相并报道结果的网站。)”可知，人们喜欢发现都市传说的真假。故选D。
D
Where Did Music Come From?
Look anywhere and you’ll find music. Without a single exception, every culture produces some form of it. Yet music’s origin remains one of the great secrets of human history.
The oldest known instruments are 42,000-year-old bone flutes discovered in caves in Germany. Music surely appeared earlier, but the problem is that music doesn’t fossilize and our brains don’t fossilize. With little hard evidence, scientists still discuss what evolutionary purpose music serves or whether it serves any purpose at all.

For many years, music researchers have more or less settled into two camps: those who believe the evolution of music is a biological adaptation, and those who believe it’s a cultural invention. In the latter argument, the music we love dearly is no more than “auditory cheesecake”, as evolutionary scientist Steven Pinker said. Rather than a biological adaptation in its own right, music is a pleasing byproduct of other adaptations, like language. “As far as biological cause and effect are concerned, music is useless,” Pinker said. “Music could disappear from our mankind and the rest of our lifestyle would be absolutely unchanged.”
Some found this conclusion too dismissive. After all, the capacity to make and enjoy music seems rooted in each of us, just like other valuable adaptations. “These days music is a profession, but even ordinary people who never had a music lesson have implicit knowledge of the structure of the music of their culture,” says Sandra Trehub, a scientist at the University of Toronto. What’s more, Trehub studies music sense in babies. They are strongly attracted to music, and they can even remember music months after hearing it. “You see these amazing abilities,” she says, “and you have to think that there is a biological foundation for it.”
That doesn’t necessarily mean we evolved that foundation for music, but many scientists have offered explanations for why we might have. Some argue music is a system for social relationships, helping us to exist together in united, well-functioning groups. Another possibility is that music originates from the relaxing sounds parents make to communicate with babies. Some researchers even argue that the earliest form of music may have given rise to language itself. Others think that music and language share a common ancestor.
Some have sought a way around the adaptation-invention difference. A musicologist Savage and his group tell the difference between music (a cultural product) and musicality (a biological foundation that allows us to create and appreciate music). This alone doesn’t explain the final origin of music, but it does allow room for both nature and nurture. They suggest that cultural music and biological musicality have developed together, in a kind of “gene-culture evolution”.
41. People who see music as a cultural product believe that ________.
A. lifestyles of people change greatly without music
B. music is just a little more attractive than a tasty cheesecake
C. music is an unexpected result of certain biological adaptations
D. music serves the purpose of evolving in response to their surroundings
42. According to the passage, Sandra Trehub believes that ________.
A. babies are able to memorise music after hearing it for months
B. babies are better at recognising musical differences than adults
C. people without musical training know about the musical structure in their culture
D. music comes from the sounds made by parents when they communicate with babies
43. What does the underlined word “dismissive” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Worthless. B. Unusual. C. Hopeless. D. Unclear.
44. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A. Savage’s theory clearly explains where music came from.
B. Savage believes biological musicality appeared earlier than cultural music.
C. Savage’s theory is considered to be the broadest cultural music theory so far.
D. Savage combines both the adaptation and invention views of music in his research.
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要对音乐的起源进行了说明，介绍了各种关于音乐起源的观点和看法。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“For many years, music researchers have more or less settled into two camps: those who believe the evolution of music is a biological adaptation, and those who believe it’s a cultural invention. In the latter argument, the music we love dearly is no more than “auditory cheesecake”, as evolutionary scientist Steven Pinker said. Rather than a biological adaptation in its own right, music is a pleasing byproduct of other adaptations, like language. “As far as biological cause and effect are concerned, music is useless,” Pinker said. “Music could disappear from our mankind and the rest of our lifestyle would be absolutely unchanged.”(多年来，音乐研究人员或多或少分成两大阵营：一派认为音乐的进化是一种生物适应，另一派则认为这是一种文化发明。在后一种观点中，正如进化科学家Steven Pinker所说，我们钟爱的音乐不过是“听觉上的奶酪蛋糕”。音乐本身并不是一种生物适应，而是语言等其他适应的愉悦副产品。“就生物学的因果关系而言，音乐是无用的，”平克说。“音乐可能会从人类中消失，而我们其他的生活方式将绝对不会改变。”)”可知，视音乐为文化产品的人认为音乐的目的是随着环境的变化而变化。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中““These days music is a profession, but even ordinary people who never had a music lesson have implicit knowledge of the structure of the music of their culture,” says Sandra Trehub, a scientist at the University of Toronto.(“如今音乐是一种职业，但即使是从未上过音乐课的普通人，对他们文化中的音乐结构也有隐性的知识，”多伦多大学的科学家Sandra Trehub说)”可知，Sandra Trehub认为没有受过音乐训练的人知道他们文化中的音乐结构。故选C。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“After all, the capacity to make and enjoy music seems rooted in each of us, just like other valuable adaptations.(毕竟，制作和享受音乐的能力似乎根植于我们每个人，就像其他有价值的改编一样)”可知，后文提到制作和享受音乐的能力似乎根植于我们每个人，就像其他有价值的改编一样，可见一些人认为这一结论过于糟糕轻视。由此推知，划线词dismissive与hopeless(糟糕透顶的)意思接近。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A musicologist Savage and his group tell the difference between music (a cultural product) and musicality (a biological foundation that allows us to create and appreciate music). This alone doesn’t explain the final origin of music, but it does allow room for both nature and nurture. They suggest that cultural music and biological musicality have developed together, in a kind of “gene-culture evolution”.(音乐学家萨维奇和他的团队区分了音乐（一种文化产品）和音乐性（一种让我们创造和欣赏音乐的生物学基础）之间的区别。 仅凭这一点并不能解释音乐的最终起源，但它确实为先天和后天留出了空间。他们认为，文化音乐和生物音乐性是在一种“基因-文化进化”中共同发展起来的)”可推知，Savage的研究结合了音乐的改编观和创造观。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your brain is mainly composed of about 85 billion neurons (神经元), which is more than the number of stars you can see with the eyes. ___45___ For example, when you’re writing, some neurons send the “move fingers” message to other neurons and this message then travels through the nerves (神经) to your fingers. The electrical signals that are communicated from one neuron to another are what allows you to do everything: write, think, see, jump, talk, and so on. Each neuron can be connected with up to 10,000 other neurons , leading to plenty of connections in your brain, which is known as neural nets.
When you’re learning, important changes happen in your brain, including the creation of new connections between your neurons. ___46___ The more you practice, the stronger these connections become. As your connections strengthen, the messages are delivered increasingly faster, making them more effective. That is how you become better at anything you learn whether it is playing football, reading, drawing, and so on. We can compare the connections between your neurons to paths in a forest. Walking through a forest without a path is difficult, because you have to push the plants and the branches out of the way to make your way. ___47___ On the contrary, when you stop using the path, the plants grow back, and the path slowly disappears. This is very similar to what happens in your brain—when you stop practicing something, the connections between your neurons weaken and can finally be removed. ___48___ However, it’s possible for some neural networks to become so strong that the paths or connections never completely disappear.
___49___ Practicing repeatedly makes your neurons active and makes you learn. These changes happen as early as when a baby is in his mother’s stomach and continues throughout a person’s life.
A. Neurons are usually divided into different types according to their location.
B. But the more you use the same path, the easier and more practicable it becomes.
C. The question is how to help your neurons to create and strengthen their connections.
D. A neuron is a cell sending information in the form of electrical signals to other neurons.
E. That’s why it’s hard to start reading again when school starts if you haven’t read all summer.
F. The ability of your brain to change is to create, strengthen or weaken connections between neurons.
G. The fact that learning rewires your neurons shows that the brain changes and does not remain fixed.
【答案】45. D 46. G 47. B 48. E 49. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。神经元是以电信号形式向其他神经元发送信息的细胞。每个神经元可以与多达10000个其他神经元连接，从而在你的大脑中形成大量的连接，即神经网络。本文主要介绍如何帮助大脑神经元建立和加强它们的联系。
【45题详解】
根据下文“For example, when you’re writing, some neurons send the “move fingers” message to other neurons and this message then travels through the nerves (神经) to your fingers.（例如，当你写作时，一些神经元向其他神经元发送“移动手指”的信息，然后该信息通过神经传递到你的手指。）”可知，空格处与下文是例证关系，作者通过举例来证明“神经元向其他神经元发送信息”。 D 项“A neuron is a cell sending information in the form of electrical signals to other neurons.（神经元是以电信号形式向其他神经元发送信息的细胞。）”通过给神经元下定义，阐述了神经元的用途，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
【46题详解】
根据上文“When you’re learning, important changes happen in your brain, including the creation of new connections between your neurons.（当你学习时，你的大脑会发生重要的变化，包括在神经元之间建立新的连接。）”可知，学习使大脑发生变化。又由下文“The more you practice, the stronger these connections become.（你练习得越多，这些联系就越牢固。）”可知，大脑通过学习，神经元的联系就越牢固。G 项“The fact that learning rewires your neurons shows that the brain changes and does not remain fixed.（学习会重新连接你的神经元，这一事实表明大脑会发生变化，而不是保持不变。）”既承接上文“学习使大脑会发生重要的变化，包括在神经元之间建立新的连接。”又引出下文学习使神经元的联系如何变化。故选。故选G。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Walking through a forest without a path is difficult, because you have to push the plants and the branches out of the way to make your way.（穿过一片没有小路的森林是很困难的，因为你必须把植物和树枝推到一边才能找到路。）”可知，此处将神经元之间的连接与森林中的路径进行比较。又根据下文“On the contrary, when you stop using the path, the plants grow back, and the path slowly disappears.（相反，当你停止使用路径时，植物会重新生长，路径会慢慢消失。）”可知，空格处与下文构成对比关系。B 项“But the more you use the same path, the easier and more practicable it becomes.（但是，你越是使用同一条路，它就变得越容易、越实用。）”既承接上文补充使用这条路的好处，又与下文构成对比关系。符合文意。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据上文“This is very similar to what happens in your brain—when you stop practicing something, the connections between your neurons weaken and can finally be removed.（这与你停止练习时大脑中发生的情况非常相似，你的神经元之间的连接减弱，最终可以被移除。）”可知，大脑停止练习，神经元之间的连接减弱。E项“That’s why it’s hard to start reading again when school starts if you haven’t read all summer. （这就是为什么如果你整个夏天都没读过书，那么开学后很难再开始阅读。）”通过举例整个夏天不读书，开学后很难再开始阅读来证明大脑停止练习，神经元之间的连接减弱。符合文意。故选E。
【49题详解】
根据上文“However, it’s possible for some neural networks to become so strong that the paths or connections never completely disappear.（然而，有些神经网络可能变得如此强大，以至于路径或连接永远不会完全消失。）”可知，有些神经元连接很强大。又根据下文“Practicing repeatedly makes your neurons active and makes you learn. （反复练习可以让你的神经元活跃，让你学习。）”可知，通过练习可以活跃神经元。C项“The question is how to help your neurons to create and strengthen their connections.（问题是如何帮助你的神经元建立和加强它们的联系。）”承上启下，符合文意。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
For many people, one of the best examples of creative genius was Albert Einstein, the physicist who came up with the Theory of Relativity (相对论). However, what they don’t know is that Einstein had specific techniques he used to develop his ability to think creatively and freely.
The main approach Einstein took was “possibility thinking”. It means getting away from our familiar thoughts and trying to imagine many other possible things, no matter how unbelievable they might seem. Einstein had a special technique to do this, and he called it “the thought experiment”, which is simply an experiment you do inside your own head. The most famous thought experiment is the one Einstein used to get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity. Einstein was interested in light and the speed of light and its relationship to time, and he often imagined himself riding on a line of sunlight. He said using his imagination like this allowed him to understand some of the relationships between light and time.
Basically, how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing. Einstein explained it as follows: “When you’re talking to a pretty girl, an hour seems like a minute. If you sit on a hot fire, a minute seems like an hour. That’s relativity.” But in order to make possibility thinking effective, we have to give ourselves opportunities to practice it. Many people say their “thinking time” is when they’re taking a bath, or when they’re on the bus to work or school. But Einstein believed it’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.
Einstein also believed in thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up: as he once said, “I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”
50. How did Einstein get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity?
51. According to this passage, what does “the relativity of time” mean?
52. What did Einstein believe in as being important for thinking?
53 What do you think of “creative thinking”? Explain why. (In about 40 words)
【答案】50. Einstein got himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity by “the thought experiment”

51. “the relativity of time” means how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing.
52. Thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up
53. I think I think “creative thinking” is a long-term process.I agree with Einstein.It’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦相对论的提出过程。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Einstein had a special technique to do this, and he called it “the thought experiment”, which is simply an experiment you do inside your own head. The most famous thought experiment is the one Einstein used to get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity.(爱因斯坦有一种特殊的技术来做这个，他称之为“思想实验”，这只是一个你在自己的头脑里做的实验。最著名的思想实验是爱因斯坦用来使自己走上相对论之路的实验。)”可知，爱因斯坦是通过“思想实验”走上相对论道路的。故答案为Einstein got himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity by “the thought experiment”。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Basically, how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing. Einstein explained it as follows: “When you’re talking to a pretty girl, an hour seems like a minute. If you sit on a hot fire, a minute seems like an hour. That’s relativity.” (基本上，我们如何体验时间取决于我们在哪里以及我们在做什么。 爱因斯坦是这样解释的：“当你和一个漂亮的女孩说话时，一小时就像一分钟。 如果你坐在火炉上，一分钟就像一小时。 这就是相对论。” )”可知，“时间的相对性”是指我们如何体验时间取决于我们在哪里和我们在做什么。故答案为“the relativity of time” means how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Einstein also believed in thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up: as he once said, “I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”(爱因斯坦还相信要对一个问题进行长时间的思考，而不是放弃：正如他曾经说过的，“我想了几个月，甚至几年。九十九次，结论都是错的。这是我第一百次说对了。”)”可知，爱因斯坦认为“考虑一个问题很长时间，不放弃”对思考是重要的。故答案为Thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up
【53题详解】
开放性试题。文章第三段“But Einstein believed it’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.(但爱因斯坦认为，每天花一定的时间进行“创造性思考”是很重要的：无论你感兴趣的是什么问题或想法，每天都留出一些时间来思考。 )”提到了爱因斯坦的观点，可以参考此观点作答。故答案为I think I think “creative thinking” is a long-term process.I agree with Einstein.It’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.
（请务必将第50至53题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）
第二节（20分）
54. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。因为疫情防控，学校正在开展线上教学。你们班的英国交换生Jim在居家学习期间感到学习效率不高，向你寻求帮助。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.提供建议并说明理由；
2.提醒做好防护。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：流行病pandemic
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm sorry to hear that you are struggling with a low learning efficiency caused by taking online classes. Concerned about your study, I lose no time writing this e-mail to offer you some advice.
As we all know, an unstable schedule not only affects your body clock but also accounts for a low learning efficiency. Therefore, you are supposed to ensure an appropriate amount of sleep, which can help you stay focused in class. What’s more, it’s essential that you should make a plan and stick to it. Last but not least, it’s of great importance to improve your interest in learning. As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher.
With the pandemic going on, our daily life has been greatly influenced. So you should always take preventive measures to protect yourself, such as wearing a mask, washing your hands frequently and limiting social gatherings. Looking forward to your progress.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给居家学习的Jim写邮件，就他居家学习效率不高提供建议并提醒他做好防护。
【详解】1.词汇积累
遭受：struggle with→suffer from
担心的：concerned → worried
导致：account for→lead to/contribute to
专注：concentrate→ focus
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Concerned about your health, I lose no time writing this e-mail to offer you some advice.
拓展句：As I'm concerned about your health, I lose no time writing this e-mail to offer you some advice.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all know, an unstable schedule not only affects your body clock but also accounts for a low learning efficiency.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句以及not only…but also…句型。）
【高分句型2】Therefore, you are supposed to ensure an appropriate amount of sleep, which can help you stay focused in class.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】 With the pandemic going on, our daily life has been greatly influenced.（运用了with的复合结构。）