上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共48页。

阅读理解
MAP ARTIST TUTORIAL:
HOW TO CREATE A CUSTOM MAP

Map Artist is the perfect tool for creating customized maps to Include in research projects and reports. Map Artist offers endless possibilities Mop Artist has a huge collection of map styles to choose from, and they can be customized to suit your special needs. In this tutorial, we will assume you have been asked to create a map for a social studies report.

1. When you open Map Artist, a world map will be displayed. Type “North America” in the dialogue box or choose NORTH AMERICA from the list provided. Click GO. A map of North America will be displayed.
2. Type “United States” in the dialogue box or choose UNTED STATES from the drop—dawn menu to display a map of the 50 United States. Click GO. A map of the United States will be displayed.

3. Type “California” in the dialogue box or choose CALIFORNIA from the drop-down menu. Click Go. A map of California will be displayed.
4. Click on the drop—down menu need to the outline map of the state. Click on the type of map you need for your report. OUTUNE shows only the outline shape of the state with no highways or population centers indicated; HIGHWAY shows major cities, interstate highways, and major state highways. TOPOGRAPHIC indicates elevations as well as the location of major cities. SHADED RELIEF shows only natural landforms (mountains, valleys, rivers), as well as national parks. POLITICAL shows major cities, interstate, and major highways. HISTORICAL recalls the oldest maps on record. For the purposes of this tutorial, select OUTUNE. A map showing an outline of California will be displayed.

5. Click CUSTOMIZE on the menu bar down the left side of the screen. CUSTOMZE allows you to place custom data on the map you have selected. A tiny symbol will be placed on the map at the location you designate, and the text you type into the dialogue box at the bottom of the screen will appear next to it.
◆ First, click on the button next to the appropriate symbol. For practice, click on the shovel, which symbolizes archaeology.  
◆ Next to the word TEXT, type “The Presidio,” which is an archaeological site near San Francisco.
◆ Now use your mouse to click on the spot on the map where you would like this data to be placed.
◆ Continue by typing “Woolen Mills” and clicking on the map near San Jose.
◆ Last, type “Emerald Bay” and click on the map near Lake Tahoe.
◆ You can add as many sites as you wish. Each time you dick your mouse on the map. It will place the symbol and text you have included to describe that location.
6. Click SAVE it you would like to save the map to a file. Later, after opening the saved document, click on the map with your right mouse button and select COPY. Open the file in the word processing program that contains your report.  Insert a box at the location where you want the map to appear. Put your cursor inside the box, right—click the mouse, and select PASTE. Putting your graphic In the box will allow you to stretch or shrink the box to wrap text around it.
1．If your report is about Plants and Animals in New York, you may click _____ on map.
A．HISTORICAL
B．SHADED RELIEF
C．TOPOGRAPHIC
D．POLITICAL
2．When a specific location is placed on a customized map, which function is required?
A．Clicking on GO. B．Cutting and pasting.
C．Inserting a box for the map. D．Clicking on the map.
3．Which sequence accurately presents the order of the steps suggested in the Map Artist tutorial?
A． B．
C． D．

Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This state of mind inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture(养育)frames us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modem political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard—wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us? It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.
This is down to “hereditarian”(遗传论的)science and a recent paper claimed “differences in exam performance between pupils attending selective and non—selective schools mirror the genetic differences between them”. With such an assumption, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of ridiculous claims about “genetics determining academic success”. What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of selective schools largely disappear once pupils’ inborn ability and socio—economic background were taken into account. It is a glimpse of the obvious—and there’s nothing to back strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.
Yet the paper does say children are “unintentionally genetically selected” by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual’s capability to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. Unlike—minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics are used to create a frightening atmosphere of scientific certainty.
While there’s an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause, it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of backing.
Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, “the ultimate collective control of human destinies,” as writer H.G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive ability, we must not elevate discrimination(歧视)to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more doubtful eye on the science. As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.
4．What did a recent research paper claim?
A．The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future.
B．Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed.
C．The advantages of selective schools are too obvious to ignore.
D．Students’ academic performance is determined by their genes.
5．What does the author think of the recent research?
A．Its result was questionable. B．Its implication was positive.
C．Its analysis of the data was sound. D．Its conclusions were valid(有效的).
6．Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?
A．The relationship between DNA and intelligence is one of scientific certainty.
B．Many factors influence a person’s intelligence.
C．Whether intelligence is decided by genes is based on interpretation of statistics
D．The importance of DNA is not fully examined by gene scientists.
7．What does the author warn against in the passage?
A．Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world.
B．Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research.
C．Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research.
D．Promoting discrimination in the name of science.

By the twentieth century, New York City had long since reached its destiny of becoming the most powerful city in America. In less than 300 years it had grown from a tiny Dutch outpost in the wilderness to the business capital of the world. It was a city built on dreams,
But it was made out of bricks and cement that had come from the banks of the Hudson. The river which had fed all those dreams was now fading into the background. New York didn’t seem to need the river anymore, except as a sewer. And that’s what it became.
Industry on the river had made some New Yorkers filthy rich. But it had just made the river filthy. Garbage, factory waste, plant chemicals and the raw sewage of the cities and towns along its banks were dumped directly into the river. The water turned greenish brown, except by the GM plant, where it turned red or yellow or whatever color they were painting the cars that day.
The fishing industry collapsed. The few fish that survived were too poisonous to eat. Smog from the factory smoke and dust from the cement plants blanketed the valley. And it was all legal.
Most people don’t start out which dreams of polluting a river. But it was often the result of people chasing their dreams of wealth with little care of how they reached it. The Hudson Valley had always drawn them.
But now there were other dreamers in the valley, with their own dreams of wealth. They dreamed of the wealth of wildlife in a healthy forest, the abundance of fish in oxygen—rich water, and the great fortune of living in a beautiful river valley.
So perhaps it was a matter of time before the two types of dreamers would meet each other—in court. In 1963, Con Edison, New York City’s power company, proposed a plan for constructing the largest hydroelectric pumping station ever built. The plan called for carving out a gigantic hole in the side of majestic Storm King Mountain on the Hudson River.
But then they met Franny Reese, a longtime valley resident with a simple point to make: the mountain could not speak for itself. If she didn’t speak for it, who would?
Franny and a group of like—minded people founded Scenic Hudson and took on the power company in a landmark court case. Con Ed challenged the right of private citizens to participate, but the court sided with the citizens, in the ruling now known as the Scenic Hudson Decision.
After dragging out the case for seven years, Con Ed finally gave up and Storm King survived unblemished. It was the beginning of the environmental movement in this country, and and again, the Hudson Valley was the birthplace.
8．According to the first two paragraphs, the Hudson River that once helped realize people’s dreams was now ______.
A．disappearing from view
B．losing its importance in people’s minds
C．moving farther and farther away from the city
D．remaining important only to those who want to seek their fortune
9．Which of the following is NOT the factor contributing to the pollution of the river?
A．The automotive plant. B．The raw sewage.
C．The fishing industry. D．The cement plants.
10．What does the underlined word “unblemished” probably mean?
A．Unaware. B．Unknown. C．Unharmed. D．Unstable.
11．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Scenic Hudson may be an environmental organization that protects the Hudson River.
B．Con Ed and Franny Reese settled the case out of court.
C．Two types of dreamers signed an agreement in court.
D．The Hudson Valley, once a magnet for dreamers, is now completely abandoned.

Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.
Technology in agriculture
A fruit-picking robot attracted visitors’ attention. With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size. The robot first locates the fruit and then uses sensors to decide whether it is ripe, with a robotic arm picking the fruit gently. The fruit is then categorized, ending up in a basket according to its size. It is said that more robotic technology will be used in agriculture in the future, including robots for daily inspection and weeding.
Robots fighting Covid-19
Medical staff conducting nucleic acid tests often find their work toilsome, especially under the summer heat. A nucleic acid test robot developed by Tsinghua University and a Chinese biotech company was presented at the WRC． It looks like a vending machine, but the robot can collect throat swabs (拭子), process samples, as well as produce and upload the results within 45 minutes. The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.
Inventions of the youth
Those visiting the exhibit also witnessed the intelligence of a new generation. Wang Zirun, a junior student at the school, designed a three-dimensional parking facility model. Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.
12．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A travel brochure.
B．A technology textbook.
C．A science magazine.
D．A product advertisement.
13．Why is the parking facility designed like a sky wheel?
A．To save building materials.
B．To prevent cars from being stolen.
C．To increase ground parking spaces.
D．To make the most of limited space.
14．What can we infer from the text?
A．Both the fruit-picking robot and the nucleic acid test robot can save manpower.
B．The WRC is intended to inspire the intelligence of a young generation.
C．All the inventions mentioned have been put into practical use.
D．Human can be replaced by the robot in the future.

In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole life cycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C．How to identify different carbon footprints.
D．What appliances to buy to save energy.
16．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?
A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D．It is made when we are buying the products.
17．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?
A．Buying new but cheap clothes.
B．Using old and expensive cars.
C．Using second-hand textbooks.
D．Buying new wooden furniture.

Artificial intelligence or AI is called artificial for a good reason. Facebook made that point last week by ending its attempt to rely heavily on software algorithms to select news items for its 2 billion users.
It announced on Jan.19 that the Facebook community will be asked to rank news outlets by their trustworthiness. “This reader feedback will promote high quality news that helps build a sense of common ground in a world with so much division”, said chief executive Mark Zuckerberg.
The first surveys have started in the United States and will soon expand to other countries. The company plans to include the local news outlets of users in its surveys. Like many digital platforms that act as news providers, Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust, fairness and honesty. Even in respected newsrooms, however, these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers. Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.
Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news, Facebook now hopes its “diverse and representative” sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed. The company may be in the news business, but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. By placing its trust in people as seekers of truth, Facebook could earn greater trust from its users. This is also a lesson for many companies especially digital platforms or those in the media business.
According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm, “media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time more so than other businesses or government”. “In particular, the US is enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust among many of. its institutions”, says Richard Edelman, president and CEO of Edelman. “The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse”, he adds. Facebook’s shift away from computer-driven news selection is a welcome step toward restoring trust in the overall business of news. This is not a new problem. “Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper”, wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807. Yet the Digital Age has forced the issue of trust for news providers. By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem, Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.
18．According to Paragraph 4, Facebook hopes to _______.
A．measure the objectivity of news feed on its own
B．improve its ability to tell truth from falsehood
C．shed off the responsibility of a news provider
D．entrust news credibility to its massive users
19．In the last paragraph, Thomas Jefferson’s words are cited to indicate _______.
A．the poor quality of newspapers nowadays
B．the long-standing trust issue in news businesses
C．the problems arising from Facebook’s shift
D．the issue of trust in the Digital Age
20．The author holds that Facebook’s shift is _______.
A．a lesson for news providers on filtering news
B．the cause of the trust crisis across business of news
C．a step toward restoring user’s trust in news business
D．the result of lacking objective facts and rational discourse
21．To which of the following would Mark Zuckerberg most probably agree?
A．Common grounds among users are the sources of high-quality news.
B．Programmed electrons can make good judgment on news quality.
C．Computers cannot replace human beings in news selection.
D．Reader feedback is not needed in respected newsrooms.

The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar,assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.
22．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph Two most probably mean?
A．Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.
B．The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C．Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.
D．The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were all about.
23．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently?
A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time.
B．Her mother’s miserable death.
C．Being exposed to Greek literary works.
D．Following the prettiest girl in his class.
24．It can be inferred from Paragraph Four that _______.
A．Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation
B．Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style
C．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired
D．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students
25．The passage is mainly concerned with _______.
A．how the author became a journalist B．the importance of inspiration in one’s life
C．the teacher who shaped the author’s life D．factors contributing to a successful career

Working at the British Museum
Current vacancies
We are always looking for talented people to join us in jobs from visitor assistants to curators, scientists to administrators, sales assistants to fundraisers. We aim to create a working environment in which all individuals can make best use of their skills, free from unlawful discrimination or harassment (骚扰). We also offer a wide-ranging benefits package, which you can view by clicking on the benefits tab above.
If you want to find out more about a specific vacancy, click on the job title in the list of current vacancies in the British Museum or the British Museum Company below. You can also log in to continue and track a previous application. You can use the search function on the bottom left of this tab to search for jobs according to their location, job category or employment type.
How to apply
To apply for a job, you need to register an account. Once you have an account you can use this to apply for any job by logging in to the candidate area using your email address and chosen password.
As part of any recruitment process, the British Museum collects and processes personal data relating to job applicants. The Museum is committed to being transparent about how it collects and uses that data and to meeting its data protection obligations. You can find further information on this subject on the job applicant privacy notice tab.
If your application is successful you will be subject to relevant disclosure checks for the job. You will also be required to provide evidence of your right to work in the UK.
You can apply for a job by clicking on the corresponding job title. You can resume an application which you have started but are yet to finish. The online application form has been designed so that you can save, review and amend it, before submission.
Selection
Once we receive your application it will be reviewed and evaluated. If you are shortlisted for the job you will be invited to an interview: this could be a telephone interview, a face-to-face interview or in the format of an assessment centre, depending on the position you are applying for. If your application is unsuccessful we will contact you to let you know.
We usually operate a two-stage interview process depending on the job you have applied for. For certain jobs you may also he asked to undertake an exercise to demonstrate your suitability for the position.
All vacancies will close at 12 noon on the closing date and late applications will not be accepted. If you have further queries, please contact the Museum’s Human Resources department on 020 73238396 or bmrecruit@britishmuseum.org.
26．You cannot search a job on this website by ________.
A．employment type B．job category C．salary D．location
27．If you want to explore more about the transparency of the data collecting, you can click on the ________ tab.
A．current vacancies B．job applicant privacy notice
C．benefits D．volunteer
28．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The Museum promotes equality for its staff and job applicants.
B．When submitted, the online application form can’t be revised.
C．The Museum will contact you only if your application is successful.
D．The candidates will go through a telephone interview and then a face-to-face one.

As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fugeo, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater. ”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
29．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Bring back lost memories. B．Take a degree.
C．Try challenging things. D．Stick to a promise.
30．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A．Lovely penguins B．A discount fare.
C．Beautiful scenery. D．A friend’s invitation.
31．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It needs to be fully introduced. D．It should be well preserved.
32．What is the text mainly about?
A．A childhood dream. B．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
C．Sailing around the world. D．An unforgettable travel experience.

The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) - related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledge the critical importance of technical training, but also argues that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s national to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem. “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight - picked up from science, arts, and technology - to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
33．What does the latest congressional report suggest?
A．STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B．Higher education should be adjust ed to the practical needs of society.
C．The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D．The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
34．What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
A．Their chances of getting a good job.
B．The academic value of the courses.
C．The quality of education to receive.
D．Their interest in relevant subjects.
35．What kind of job applicants do employers look for?
A．Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B．Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C．Those who have received a well-rounded education.
D．Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
36．What advice does the author give to college students?
A．Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B．Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C．Prepare themselves for different job options.
D．Choose a flexible job.

The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.
While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地)motivated.
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.
Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.
But curiosity often comes with a cost.
In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
37．What does the author say about curiosity?
A．It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.
B．It is the force that pushes human society forward.
C．It is a unique trait specific to the human race.
D．It is often the major cause for human failures.
38．What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?
A．They determine people’s way of thinking.
B．They account for age differences in learning.
C．They enable people to undertake massive tasks.
D．They work in conjunction with the environment.
39．What do numerous studies show about infants?
A．They are far more curious than adults.
B．They prefer to go after all that is novel.
C．They have different interests than adults.
D．They show non-human animal behaviors.
40．What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?
A．The cost of human’s curiosity to explore.
B．The incredible harshness of cold weather.
C．The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.
D．The importance of learning from past failures.

Personal Robot Make your parents and teachers happy!
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41．With help from a Mr. H, you can ________.
A．stop using batteries B．finish your homework on time
C．remember your teacher’s instructions D．get your room tidied on your way home
42．A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to ________.
A．repair your TV B．organize your homework
C．be a James Bond D．know what the weather is like
43．Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?
A．On a notice board. B．In a company introduction book.
C．On a teenage website D．In a college newspaper.

When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then, why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励)action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices - education, career, lifestyle - life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy on sustainable way of living. And we are leaning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and innocent.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.
44．The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________.
A．end poverty and make school beautiful
B．end poverty and solve the problems about environment
C．find a wonderful place and clean it up
D．find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves
45．What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to ________.
A．a long period of laughing B．a warm welcome
C．a long period of clapping and applauses D．an expression used for greeting
46．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.
B．the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.
C．the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.
D．the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.

There are some typical of trains you’ll find yourself traveling on in France. SNCF (法国国家铁路公司) operates a mix of high-speed services on major routes and slower regional services between smaller stations around France. Find out more about each train type below.
TGVHigh-speed: up to 320 km/h
Connects Paris with major cities in France
Double-decker trains
One of the most popular modes of transport for long-distance travel in France. These modern trains run on around 50 high-speed routes and always require a reservation in advance.
Inter-citesStops at cities not part of the TGV network
Day and night services
Night trains between Paris and Toulouse, Rodez, Briancon and Latour-de-Carol
Inter-cites trains are mainly used for medium-distance journeys across France.
Although not as fast as TGV trains, they service a lot of stations across the country that aren’t on TGV routes. Reservations are usually required on most Inter-cites services.
TERRegional trains (one for each region in France)
Low-cost
Stops at smaller stations around France
TER stands for Transport Express Regional and there are 20 different regional TER services operating across France. Popular with commuters (远距离通勤的人), you’ll likely board one of these trains for shorter distance travel to smaller cities and towns throughout France. You won’t need a reservation to board a TER train.
Sleeper trains Overnight travel to several destinations in France
Comfortable and secure cabins
Opportunity to save on accommodation
Operated by Thello, the popular night train route in France starts in Paris and works its way down into Italy. If you want to save money on accommodation during your trip, taking a sleeper train lets you wake up feeling refreshed at your next destination.
47．What do TGV trains and Inter-cites trains have in common?
A．Both can travel at 320 km/h. B．Both are double-decker trains.
C．Both usually require a reservation. D．Both connect big cities in Europe.
48．What is special about TER service?
A．It features night services. B．It travels as fast as TGV trains.
C．It is suitable for long-distance travel in France. D．It offers regional services at relatively low costs.
49．Which best suits people who travel to Italy and want to save money?
A．TGV trains. B．Inter-cites trains.
C．TER trains. D．Sleeper trains.

Green fingers
It never occurred to me when I was little that gardens were anything less than glamorous places. Granddad’s garden was on the bank of a river and sloped gently down towards the water. You couldn’t reach the river but you could hear the sound of the water and the birds that sang in the trees above. I imagined that all gardens were like this - a place of escape, peace and solitude. Granddad’s small plot of land was nothing out of the ordinary when it came to features. He had nothing as grand as a greenhouse, unlike some of his neighbors. However, this little piece of land bore a great part of my carefree and joyful childhood.
At home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn’t want to make him sound humorless. He wasn’t. Silly things would amuse him. I came to realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn’t made more of his life. He left school without qualifications and became a plumber apprentice(学徒). Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment when he and Mum thought of moving to Canada, but it came to nothing. Where he came into his own was around the house. He had an “eye for the job”. Be it bookshelves or a cupboard - what he could achieve was astonishing. My parents moved house only once in their entire married life. But my father made up for this lack of daring when it came to furniture. You would have just got used to the shape of one chair when another appeared.
As for me, school didn’t appeal to me much. I wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect until one day my father announced, “They’ve got a vacancy for an apprentice gardener in the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested.” In one brief moment Dad had gone against his better judgment. He might still have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m deceiving myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.
50．When the writer describes his granddad’s garden, he is ________.
A．proud that his granddad was such a good gardener
B．embarrassed that the garden was not as good as others nearby
C．annoyed that items in the garden were often damaged
D．positive about the time he spent in the garden
51．What is the writer’s attitude to his father in the second paragraph?
A．He was regretful that his father had not achieved more.
B．He was annoyed that his father used words he didn’t understand.
C．He was sympathetic to the reasons why his father behaved as he did.
D．He was grateful that his father had not taken the family to Canada.
52．What does the writer mean by the underlined phrase “came into his own”?
A．was able to do something by himself
B．was able to show how talented he was
C．was able to continue his day job
D．was able to forget his failure
53．What does the writer think is the reason behind his father’s decision in the last paragraph?
A．His father did not manage to make a better judgment.
B．His father was tired of disagreeing with his son.
C．His father had been impressed by his son’s love of gardening.
D．His father came to realize the charm of gardening.

How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a little bit lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation(通货膨胀).
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise(补贴)the daily commute(通勤)of a rail traveller from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the sufferings of commuters in the South East, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
The Government has promised to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, along with regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a revenge if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
54．The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares ________.
A．creates extra burden on taxpayers.
B．has kept pace with inflation.
C．is beyond the expectation of commuters
D．remains an unreasonable practice.
55．According to the passage, which of the following is right?
A．Compensations are to be given to the commuters affected by the strikes.
B．A minimum service requirement will be likely to settle the railway problems.
C．In terms of service, there is a conflict between train operator’s claim and the reality.
D．Train operators have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.
56．If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face ________.
A．the loss of investment. B．the collapse of operations.
C．a reduction of revenue(收入) D．a change of ownership.
57．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Who Are to Blame for the Ever-rising Fares?
B．Rail Strikes Need to Be Stopped
C．Enhance Railway Service, Ease Passenger Anger
D．Ever-rising Fares Are Unreasonable

Columbus College, 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive, Kowloon City MEMO
To: All staff
From: Jakie Mok, Secretary; Sports Development Committee
Date: May 20, 2010
A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones.
Sport 1: Basketball
We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from KwunTong Sports Park. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game.
Sports 2: Gym
We will be using St. Peter’s Memorial Park. Thee are two reasons for choosing this park. First, it is not very busy and crowded before 6 :00 p.m.. Second, it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping, jogging, outdoor aerobics (有氧运动), all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.
Sport 3: Hiking
Hiking will take place at Kowloon Peak. The activity will start at 2:30 p.m. and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost $75/hr.
Sport 4: Swimming
The Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i. e. 2:45 p.m. to 3:45 p.m.). Only students skillful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is $10 per visit.
58．Which can be inferred from the passage? ________.
A．Students taking part in basketball will walk to the courts
B．Every student can gain admission to one of the four sports
C．Hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees
D．Students taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water
59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Students selecting basketball had better register early.
B．Students participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 p.m.
C．Hiking usually begins at 2:30 p.m. and lasts 2 hours.
D．Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.
60．The memo aims to ________.
A．attract students’ interest in the programme
B．help the staff explain the programme to the parents
C．require the parents to select a sport for their child
D．remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time

Searching Venus’ sky
From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.
However, Venus was not regarded as an ideal place because of its hot temperature and dry atmosphere.
But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.
On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine(磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless, toxic(有毒的)gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.
“I was very surprised - stunned, in fact,” astronomer Jane Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the research, told MSN. “There is a chance that we have detected some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus.”
This layer of clouds is about 48 kilometers above the Venus surface, with its temperature ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit (about -1 to 93℃). Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.
Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites(陨石)falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.
Although the detection of phosphine is not robust(强有力的)evidence for life, this finding is great enough to change scientists’ view on Venus, which is thought to be a completely inhospitable planet.
What signs of life we looking for?
1. Liquid water: It can dissolve a huge range of molecules needed for life and facilitate their chemical reactions.
2. Mild temperatures: Temperatures higher than 122 C will destroy most complex organic molecules, and make it almost impossible for carbon-based life to form.
61．What is the text mainly about?
A．A newly detected gas may indicate possible existence of life on Venus.
B．Scientists found the most hospitable place on Venus.
C．The environment on Venue changed in favor of life.
D．Phosphine formed on Venus means alien life is present.
62．What can we learn about phosphine from the text?
A．It has no smell at all. B．It only exists on Venus.
C．It can be produced by microorganisms. D．It is a sign of the existence of oxygen.
63．What can we infer from paragraphs 5 and 6?
A．Various living organisms have been detected on Venus.
B．The higher the cloud is above Venus, the warmer it is.
C．The cloud deck is rich in phosphine.
D．If life exists on Venus, it is likely in the cloud deck.
64．What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected on Venus?
A．It could be formed as a result of the falling of meteorites.
B．It could be a sign that there is life in Venus’ clouds.
C．It could be caused by volcanoes and lighting strikes.
D．It proves that Venus is another hospitable planet.

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Which Way Home, a documentary by Rebecca Cammisa, charts the journeys to Mexican and Central American children who leave their home countries to come to the United States riding on top of a train they call “La Bestia” (the beast). All of the children dream of a better life for themselves and their families. Some of them hope to reunite with family members in the U. S. Others have dreams of going to school or getting a job so they can send money back home.
Kevin
Fourteen-year-old Kevin is from Honduras. A seemingly happy-go-lucky guy, Kevin is the group’s ring leader, telling jokes, making leaps across car roofs, and providing some comic relief in the film. Kevin has a strong sense of duty to his family. His mother, Lupe, tells him to buy a house for them in the U. S., so she can escape Kevin’s violent stepfather. He plans to head to Manhattan once he crosses the border, but during the filming he is taken off of the train by American border agents who send him back to Honduras. Without hesitation, Kevin leaves Honduras again and jumps on the train. Throughout his journey, Kevin encounters violence and brutality that should never be a part of childhood.
Juan Carlos
Juan Carlos is a 13-year-old from Guatemala. When we meet him, we learn that his father abandoned the family years ago and moved to America for a better life, leaving Juan Carlos’s mother, Esmeralda, to care for several children on her own. His younger brother, Francisco, made it into the U. S. a month earlier and now lives with their grandmother in Los Angeles. Juan Carlos feels responsible for providing for his mother and his other family members and decides he must do something to help support them. With the weight of the world on his shoulders, he writes a letter telling Esmeralda that he, too, is leaving for the U. S.
Olga
Olga is the only female migrant featured in the film. She is nine years old and travelling with her friend, Freddy, who is also nine. They are being taken to the U. S. illegally. Both are headed for Minnesota, where Olga hopes to reunite with her mother, and Freddy hopes to find his father. During the making of the documentary, the film crew loses track of Olga and Freddy, and we never find out what becomes of them.
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Feature-Length Documentary. Director Rebecca Camissa said her goal for the film was to create public awareness of child migration, and to “promote a dialogue that leads to creating humane immigration policy reform in the United States
68．Which of the following is true of Which Way Home?
A．It is adapted from a book which tells stories about three child migrants.
B．It won an Academy Award for its theme that corresponds to the reality.
C．It aims to make viewers conscious of the phenomenon of child migration.
D．Its director has managed to create humane immigration policy reform
69．While the documentary was being made, the crew lost touch with ________.
A．Kevin and Juan Carlos B．Juan Carlos and Olga
C．Juan Carlos and Freddy D．Olga and Freedy
70．What can be learned from the passage about Kevin and Juan Carlos?
A．Both of them felt responsible for their families
B．Neither of them managed to get to the United States
C．Neither of them had any relative in the United States
D．Both of them were found on the way to their destinations













参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的设置个性化地图的新程序MAP ARTIST的使用方法。
1．细节理解题。根据“4.”即第四步中的“SHADED RELIEF shows only natural landforms (mountains, valleys, rivers), as well as national parks.(SHADED RELIEF仅显示自然地貌（山脉、山谷、河流）)和自然公园)”可知，想要看到纽约的动植物，应该点击SHADED RELIEF。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据“4.”即第四步中“Click on the drop-down menu next to the outline map of the state. Click on the type of map you need for your report.(单击州轮廓图旁边的下拉菜单。单击报告所需的地图类型。)”可知，定制地图时需要在特定的位置点击地图。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章叙述可知，如果你要使用MAP ARTIST这个软件，步骤是“1.  When you open Map Artist, a world map will be displayed. Type “North America” in the dialogue box or choose NORTH AMERICA from the list provided.(1.当你打开地图艺术家，世界地图将显示。在对话框中键入“North America”或从提供的列表中选择North America。”)即，首先选择地图地点；其次“Click on the type of map you need for your report.(单击你的报告所需的地图类型。)”选择地图类型；然后是“A tiny symbol will be placed on the map at the location you designate, and the text you type into the dialogue box at the bottom of the screen will appear next to it.(一个小符号将被放置在地图上你指定的位置，你在屏幕底部的对话框中输入的文本将出现在它旁边。”)选择符号、输入文本，并给具体位置做标记；最后“Click SAVE it you would like to save the map to a file.(单击“保存”，将映射保存到文件中。)”保存。故选D项。
4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了遗传论学说的主张以及作者对这一观点的看法。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“This is down to “hereditarian”(遗传论的)science and a recent paper claimed “differences in exam performance between pupils attending selective and non—selective schools mirror the genetic differences between them”.（这要归结于“遗传”科学，最近的一篇论文称，“就读名牌学校和非名牌学校的学生在考试成绩上的差异反映了他们之间的基因差异”。）”可知，最新的这篇研究论文认为学生的学习成绩由他们的基因决定。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三句“This is problematic on many levels.（这在很多层面上都存在问题。）”和第五句“At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence.（DNA和智力之间充其量只有微弱的统计关联，而不是因果关系。）”可推知，作者认为最近的那项研究结果，认为学生成绩由基因决定，是值得怀疑的。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句“Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes.（像智力这样复杂的东西很可能受到基因以外的许多因素的影响。）”可知，影响一个人智力的因素有很多。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三句“In understanding cognitive ability, we must not elevate discrimination(歧视)to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest.（在理解认知能力的过程中，我们不能把歧视上升为一门科学：允许人们在生命的阶梯上爬到细胞所能达到的极限。）”根据最后一段“ As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.”（随着技术的进步，我们都有责任确保我们塑造一个我们想要的未来。）可知，作者警告我们不能以科学的名义宣扬歧视。故选D项。
8．B 9．C 10．C 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述曾经帮助美国实现梦想的哈德逊河流遭受严重的污染，但是现在住在山谷里的梦想家们开始反抗，争取权益保护哈德逊河，开启环保运动。
8．细节理解题。根据第一二段，尤其是第二段“But it was made out of bricks and cement that had come from the banks of the Hudson. The river which had fed all those dreams was now fading into the background. New York didn’t seem to need the river anymore, except as a sewer. And that’s what it became. (但它是用来自哈德逊河岸的砖块和水泥建造的。哺育了所有这些梦想的河流，现在渐渐消失在背景之中。纽约似乎不再需要这条河了，除了用作下水道。这就是后来的情况。)”可知，曾经帮助人们实现梦想的河流现在好像不那么重要了，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“But it had just made the river filthy. Garbage, factory waste, plant chemicals and the raw sewage of the cities and towns along its banks were dumped directly into the river. The water turned greenish brown, except by the GM plant, where it turned red or yellow or whatever color they were painting the cars that day. (垃圾、工厂废料、工厂化学品和河岸城镇的未经处理的污水被直接排入河中。水变成了绿棕色，除了通用汽车的工厂，在那里它变成了红色或黄色，或者他们那天给汽车涂的任何颜色。)”和第四段“The fishing industry collapsed. The few fish that survived were too poisonous to eat. Smog from the factory smoke and dust from the cement plants blanketed the valley. And it was all legal. (渔业崩溃了。幸存下来的几条鱼毒性太大，无法食用。来自工厂的烟雾和水泥厂的灰尘覆盖了整个山谷。)”可知汽车工厂，未经处理的污水和水泥厂都给河流造成了污染，所以渔业不是污染河流的因素，故选C。
10．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Franny and a group of like—minded people founded Scenic Hudson and took on the power company in a landmark court case. Con Ed challenged the right of private citizens to participate, but the court sided with the citizens, in the ruling now known as the Scenic Hudson Decision.(弗兰妮和一群志同道合的人成立了Scenic Hudson，并在一场具有里程碑意义的法庭案件中起诉了这家电力公司。Con Ed挑战了普通公民的参与权，但法院站在了公民一边，这一裁决现在被称为哈德逊风景决定(Scenic Hudson Decision)。)”及划线处上文“After dragging out the case for seven years, Con Ed finally gave up(在拖延了7年之后，Con Ed最终放弃了)”可推知Storm King安然无恙地活了下来，故unblemished意为“安然无恙的，没有受到损害的”，和unharmed同义，故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Franny and a group of like—minded people founded Scenic Hudson and took on the power company in a landmark court case. Con Ed challenged the right of private citizens to participate, but the court sided with the citizens, in the ruling now known as the Scenic Hudson Decision.(弗兰妮和一群志同道合的人成立了Scenic Hudson，并在一场具有里程碑意义的法庭案件中起诉了这家电力公司。Con Ed挑战了普通公民的参与权，但法院站在了公民一边，这一裁决现在被称为哈德逊风景决定(Scenic Hudson Decision)。)”及最后一段“It was the beginning of the environmental movement in this country, and and again, the Hudson Valley was the birthplace.( 这是这个国家环保运动的开端，哈德逊河谷是发源地。)”由此推断Scenic Hudson是保护哈德逊河的一个环保组织。故选A。
12．C 13．D 14．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品：采摘机器人，核算机器人和摩天轮停车位。
12．推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“Are you interested in robot-science? What do you think robots are capable of? Let’s have a review of world-leading technology gathered at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2022.(你对机器人科学感兴趣吗?你认为机器人能做什么?让我们来回顾一下在2022年世界机器人大会上聚集的世界领先技术。)”可知，文章主要回顾了2022年世界机器人大会的有代表性的机器人展品，属于科技范畴。由此可推知，文章来自科学杂志。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据文章“Inventions of the youth”部分内容“Since there are usually too few parking spaces in older residential areas, Wang’s work aims to fit more cars into current parking spots. The facility works like a sky wheel with six parking spots. When cars need to be picked up, the facility rotates steadily, placing the car on the ground.(由于老旧住宅区的停车位通常太少，王的工作旨在将更多的汽车安置在现有的停车位上。该设施就像一个空中摩天轮，有六个停车位。当需要取车时，该设备会稳定旋转，将汽车放置在地面上。)”可知，老旧城区的停车位太少，而这个像摩天轮一样的停车设施有六个停车位，可以要将六辆车安置在一个“停车位”上，以最大利用有限的空间。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章“Technology in agriculture”部分内容“With the help of various sensors and an AI system, the robot can collect fruit according to its ripeness, quality and size.(在各种传感器和人工智能系统的帮助下，机器人可以根据水果的成熟度、质量和大小来收集水果)”可知，采摘机器人可以在传感器和人工智能的帮助下独立采摘水果，不需要人力采摘。文章“Robots fighting Covid-19”部分内容“The whole process will not require the involvement of humans or laboratories.(整个过程不需要人类或实验室的参与)”可知，核酸机器人的使用过程中不需要人类或实验室的参与。因此可推知，这两种机器人的使用都可以节省人力。故选A项。
15．A 16．B 17．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何降低碳排放量，如何正确做出一些对环境友好的日常生活选择。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods? (但是最近有一个问题一直蒙绕在我的脑海中：是购买新的环保产品更好，还是使用传统生产的产品更好?)”及全文内容可知，本文主要探讨了如何降低碳排放量，介绍了如何正确做出一些环境友好的生活选择。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据题干中的“secondary carbon footprint”，及文章第三段最后一句“The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown. ( 二次足迹是衡量我们使用的产品的整个生命周期的间接CO2排放量——这些排放与产品生产和分解有关。)”结合句意以及句子中的关键词indirect可知，二级碳足迹是我们间接导致的碳排放，故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句和第三句“Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. (像餐具、衣服和家具之类的东西都属于"第二足迹"组，所以少就是多，我们可以专注于寻找二手物品以避免增加生产。然而，对于我们需要的汽车和其他设备，我们可以选择新的节能车型。)”可知，使用二手物品可以减少碳排放。故选C。
18．D 19．B 20．C 21．C

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Facebook将新闻可信度托付给广大用户，通过用户反馈对新闻媒体进行排名，从而提高新闻的客观性。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Rather than move toward becoming a hands-on gatekeeper of news, Facebook now hopes its “diverse and representative” sampling of users can lead to a ranking of news outlets and that would bring a measure of objectivity in its news feed. The company may be in the news business, but it has chosen to outsource news credibility to the collective wisdom of individuals and their ability to distinguish truth from falsehood.”（Facebook现在希望其“多样化和具有代表性”的用户抽样能够对新闻媒体进行排名，从而在其新闻提要中体现客观性，而不是成为一个实际的新闻守门人。该公司可能从事新闻业务，但它选择将新闻可信度外包给个人的集体智慧和辨别真假的能力。）可知，Facebook决定将新闻可信度托付给个人的集体智慧和辨别真假的能力，由此可知，根据第4段，Facebook希望将新闻可信度托付给广大用户。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“According to the latest survey of trust in institutions worldwide by Edelman communications firm, “media has become the least-trusted institution for the first time more so than other businesses or government”.(根据爱德曼传播公司关于全球机构信任度的最新调查，“媒体首次超过其他企业或政府，成为最不受信任的机构”)”和““Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper”, wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1807.”（托马斯·杰斐逊在1807年写道：“现在报纸上看到的一切都无法相信。”）可知，托马斯·杰斐逊在1807年就表明报纸上看到的一切都无法相信，由此可推断出，在最后一段中，引用托马斯·杰斐逊的话表示新闻业中长期存在信任问题。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“By inviting readers to participate in solving this problem, Facebook has itself set a new bar for earning trust.”（通过邀请读者参与解决这个问题，Facebook 自身树立了赢得信任的新标杆。）可知，作者认为通过邀请读者参与解决信任问题，Facebook树立了赢得信任的新标杆，这有利于恢复用户对新闻业务的信任，由此可推断出，作者认为Facebook的转变是恢复用户对新闻业务信任的一步。故选C项。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Like many digital platforms that act as news providers, Facebook had great faith in a belief that programmed electrons in computer servers can discern qualities of thought such as trust, fairness and honesty. Even in respected newsrooms, however, these traits of character require constant upkeep among journalists and feedback from paying customers. Good judgment on news relies on orders of consciousness beyond what a machine can do.”（与许多充当新闻提供者的数字平台一样，Facebook坚信计算机服务器中的编程电子可以辨别出信任、公平和诚实等思想品质。然而，即使是在受人尊敬的新闻编辑室，这些品质特征也需要记者不断维护，并需要付费客户的反馈。对新闻的良好判断依赖于超越机器能力的意识逻辑。）可知，Facebook坚信在新闻选择方面，对新闻的良好判断依赖于超越机器能力的意识逻辑，需要记者不断维护，并需要付费客户的反馈，仅凭计算机是无法做到的，由此可推断出，马克·扎克伯格最可能认为在新闻选择方面，计算机无法取代人类。故选C项。
22．D 23．C 24．D 25．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了决定作者人生轨迹的一位名叫玛乔丽·赫德的学校教师的教学故事。
22．词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.””(我刚到不久，就被告知要在“俱乐部时间”里选择一项爱好。)和第三句中的“but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class”(但我决定追随我们班最漂亮的女孩)可知，此处是指作者不了解业余爱好和俱乐部是什么。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins.”(她向我介绍了希腊的文学财富，让我对饱受战争摧残的祖国有了新的认识，让我为自己的出身感到自豪。)可知，接触希腊文学作品使作者对自己的祖国有了不同的看法。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.”(这些学生主要来自最困难的家庭，但她用自己特有的严厉的爱，时而对他们严苛，时而让他们着迷，直到火花燃起。)可知，赫德小姐用一种独特的方法来应对这些学生。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.”(决定我人生轨迹的人是一位名叫玛乔丽·赫德的学校教师。)和最后一段“Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.”(是赫德小姐把我的悲伤和痛苦引导到写作中去的。如果不是赫德小姐，我不会成为一名记者。她是我进入新闻行业的催化剂，也间接促成了后来所有的好事。)可知，这篇文章主要是关于塑造了作者一生的老师。故选C。
26．C 27．B 28．B

【导语】本文为应用文。文章介绍了大英博物馆的招聘网站的相关信息：目前的空缺职位、申请方式和面试方式。
26．细节理解题。根据Current vacancies部分的第二段“You can use the search function on the bottom left of this tab to search for jobs according to their location, job category or employment type. (您可以使用此选项卡左下角的搜索功能根据位置、工作类别或就业类型搜索工作。)”可知，可通过搜索位置、工作类别就业类型在该网站找到对应的职位，即salary是不行的。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。根据How to apply部分的第二段第二三两句“The Museum is committed to being transparent about how it collects and uses that data and to meeting its data protection obligations. You can find further information on this subject on the job applicant privacy notice tab. (博物馆致力于在收集和使用这些数据方面保持透明，并履行其数据保护义务。您可以在求职者隐私声明选项卡上找到有关此主题的更多信息。)”可知，在job applicant privacy notice tab上可以找到更多信息。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据How to apply部分的第四段最后一句“The online application form has been designed so that you can save, review and amend it, before submission. (在线申请表的设计使您可以在提交之前保存，查看和修改它。)”可知，在线表格提交之前可以修改，即提交之后就不可修改了。故选B项。
29．C 30．B 31．D 32．D

【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了Ginni Bazlinton去南极洲旅行的难忘经历。
29．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段关键句“Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.(在她的职业舞蹈生涯中，她在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们也最终离开了家，她决定是时候)”结合下文Ginni的探索南极洲经历可知，Ginni决定在停止跳舞和儿子们离开家后尝试探索南极洲，这是一种新的挑战，画线短语意为“尝试一些新的挑战”。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fugeo, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.(在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从南美大陆最南端的Tierra del Fugeo附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，打折船票让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(Ginni意识到这是一片珍贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是她感触最深的事情之一)”可知，Ginni认为南极洲应该被好好保护。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.(当Ginni Bazlinton到达南极洲时，她发现一群渴望打招呼的小巴布亚企鹅向她打招呼。这些温柔可爱的看门者欢迎她，开始了Ginni永生难忘的旅行)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的难忘经历。故选D项。
33．D 34．A 35．C 36．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。最新的国会报告建议人文学科和科学、技术、工程学科应该同等重要，指出这两个领域都是培养公民的关键。作者也表达了自己对于选择人文还是科学、技术、工程学科的看法。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“The latest congressional report acknowledge the critical importance of technical training, but also argues that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels.(最新的国会报告承认技术培训的关键重要性，但也认为人文和社会科学的研究必须保持美国各级教育系统的核心组成部分。)”可知，最新的国会报告说明人文学科和STEM学科应该被同等重视。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段““Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some(对一些人来说，“主修一个能让你找到工作的专业”似乎是显而易见的答案)”可知，学生们在选择专业时最关心的是找到一份好工作的机会。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily(雇主们表示，他们更青睐那些受过广泛教育的学生，这些教育教会了他们良好的写作能力、批判性思维能力、创造性研究能力和轻松沟通能力)”可知，雇主寻找接受过全面教育的人，故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers.(此外，学生不仅应该为第一份工作做好准备，还应该为他们的第四份和第五份工作做好准备，因为几乎没有理由怀疑，今天进入劳动力市场的人将在他们的职业生涯中扮演许多不同的角色。)”可知，作者给大学生的建议是为不同的工作选择做好准备。故选C。
37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，但探索好奇心的同时也可能付出很大代价。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.(人类对知识的渴求是我们这个成功物种背后的驱动力。但好奇心也可能是危险的，它会导致挫折甚至跌倒。鉴于好奇心的复杂性，科学家们发现很难定义它。) ”由此可知好奇心是人类成功背后的驱动力，也就是作者认为好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，故选B
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Genes and environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.( 基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。) ”可知基因和环境是相互作用的，故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure. (数百项研究表明，婴儿喜欢新奇的事物。它激励着非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是人类成年人去探索和寻求新事物，直到在持续接触后对它们失去兴趣。)”由此可知婴儿的好奇心很强，更喜欢新奇的事物。故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.( 然而，有时测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对北部气候的生活挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人试图在那些充满挑战的环境中生存，但却失败了。)”可知本段说明好奇心可能会导致灾难，然后举例说明这一点，所以北极地区因纽特人的例子说明了人类探索的好奇心也会付出很大的代价，故选A。
41．B 42．D 43．C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了两款针对青少年的产品。
41．细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的“Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. (Mr. H可以被编程来组织你的家庭作业)”可知，有了Mr. H你就可以按时完成作业了，因为它可以帮你组织家庭作业。故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据第二个表格中Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL部分的“gives you a daily weather forecast(提供每日天气预报)”可知，A PENGO WATCH CONTROL可以帮助你知道天气情况。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据第一个表格中的“Make your parents and teachers happy!(让你的父母和老师高兴!)”和第二个表格中的“For further information, click here.(欲了解更多信息，请点击这里)”以及对两款产品的介绍推知，这两则短文很有可能在一个青少年网站上看到。故选C。
44．B 45．C 46．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者12岁时在里约地球峰会上发言，希望大人们能做到在学校教育孩子时的要求，解决贫困问题，找出治理环境的方法，建立一个和平、美丽的世界，他的发言受到各国代表热烈赞扬。十年后作者初衷未改变，从我做起一起改变这个世界。
44．推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember my enthusiasm when，at the age of 12,I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. ‘I am only a child,’ I told them. ‘Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be.’ (我还记得我12岁时在里约热内卢地球峰会上向人们讲话时的那种热情。‘我只是个孩子。’我告诉他们。‘但我知道，如果花在战争上的钱都花在消除贫困和寻找环境问题的答案上，这个世界将会变得多么美好。’)”可推断，演讲者在12岁时所演讲的目的是结束贫困和解决环境问题。故选B。
45．词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“I spoke for six minutes (我讲了六分钟)”和后句“Some of the delegates even cried. (一些代表甚至哭了)”可知，作者的演讲受到了与会人员的赞同。由此猜测，他们听完后全场起立鼓掌。所以ovation为“鼓掌”之意。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. (我知道改变是可能的，因为我正在改变，仍在思考我的想法。我还在决定如何生活)”可知，纵使会有再多改变作者仍坚守自己的信念。故选D。
47．C 48．D 49．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了法国国家铁路公司旗下的一些列车类型的相关信息。
47．细节理解题。根据文章“TGV”部分中的“These modern trains run on around 50 high-speed routes and always require a reservation in advance. (这些现代化的列车在大约50条高速线路上运行，总是需要提前预订。)”以及“Inter-cites”部分中的“Reservations are usually required on most Inter-cites services. (大多数城际列车服务通常需要预订)”可推知，TGV高铁和城际列车的共同点是两者通常都需要预订。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据文章“TER”部分中的“Low-cost (低成本)”以及“TER stands for Transport Express Regional and there are 20 different regional TER services operating across France. (TER是区域运输快件的缩写，在法国有20种不同的区域运输快件服务。)”可知，TER服务的特别之处在于它以相对较低的成本提供区域服务。故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据“Sleeper trains”部分中的“Operated by Thello, the popular night train route in France starts in Paris and works its way down into Italy. If you want to save money on accommodation during your trip, taking a sleeper train lets you wake up feeling refreshed at your next destination. (由泰洛运营，这条在法国颇受欢迎的夜间列车线路从巴黎出发，进入意大利。如果你想在旅途中节省住宿，那就坐一辆sleeper train，让你在下一个目的地醒来时感觉精神焕发。)”可推知，Sleeper trains适合想去意大利，又想要省钱的人。故选D。
50．D 51．C 52．B 53．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候受到了爷爷做园艺的熏陶，之后父亲决定让作者从事园艺的故事。
50．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Granddad’s small plot of land was nothing out of the ordinary when it came to features. He had nothing as grand as a greenhouse, unlike some of his neighbors. However, this little piece of land bore a great part of my carefree and joyful childhood.”（爷爷的那一小块土地在特征方面没有什么特别之处。他没有像温室一样宏伟的东西，不像他的一些邻居。然而，这片小小的土地承载了我无忧无虑、快乐的童年的很大一部分。）可知，作者认为爷爷的花园承载了自己无忧无虑、快乐的童年的很大的一部分。可推知，作者对在爷爷的花园里度过的快乐时光是肯定的。故选D。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn’t want to make him sound humorless. He wasn’t. Silly things would amuse him. I came to realize that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn’t made more of his life. ”（在家里，他的儿子，我的父亲，安静又孤僻。我不想让他听起来毫无幽默感。他没有（幽默感）。像孩子一般的可笑的事情也会逗他开心。我开始意识到，在内心深处，他可能因为他没有为他的生活做出更多的贡献而感到失望。）可知，作者意识到父亲如同孩子一样的行为源自父亲的内心深处对他没有为生活做出更多的贡献而感到失望。故选C。
52．推理判断题。根据划线句之后“He had an “eye for the job”. Be it bookshelves or a cupboard - what he could achieve was astonishing.  My parents moved house only once in their entire married life. But my father made up for this lack of daring when it came to furniture. You would have just got used to the shape of one chair when another appeared.”（他对这份工作很有眼光，无论是书架还是橱柜，他的成就都令人惊叹。我父母婚后只搬过一次家。但我父亲弥补了他在家具方面的胆怯。你刚刚习惯了一把椅子的形状，另一把椅子就出现了。）可知，父亲对于做家具很擅长，在这个领域可以充分展示他的天赋。所以可推知，划线短语此处的含义为“父亲能展示他自己的天赋”，故选B。
53．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. Maybe I’m deceiving myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he’d watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.”（但我喜欢他内心深处的那种感觉，觉得事情可能会变得更好。也许我在欺骗自己，但我更愿意相信在他的心里，尽管他自己讨厌园艺，但他已经看着我做了足够长的时间，并注意到我对所有生长、开花和结果的事物的不懈热情。）可知，对于父亲决定让作者去做园丁学徒，作者认为是因为父亲看自己做了足够长的时间，并注意到自己对所有生长、开花和结果的事物的不懈热情。故选C。
54．D 55．C 56．D 57．D

【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题展开，说明了费用上涨的原因和产生的后果，针对花费上涨作者并不同意。
54．推理判断题。根据第一段It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual ... imposing a significant extra burden on those...由grimly(冷酷地，讨厌地)和a significant extra burden(一个巨大的额外负担)可知，作者对铁路乘客车费上涨的态度是负面的。再根据题干关键词this year’s increase定位到第一段“This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.”(今年平均2.7%的上涨，也许比去年的上涨稍微低一些，但是它仍然远远高于官方消费者物价指数衡量的通货膨胀程度)推知，作者认为车费上涨是不合理的。故选D。
55．细节理解题。根据第三段“It is all very well train operators boasting about the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel”(火车运营商宣扬他们对铁路网作出的改进无可非议，但考虑到乘客如今为出行支付的大量费用，他们理应能够期待基本水平的服务)可见，在服务方面，列车经营者的主张与实际存在着矛盾。故选C。
56．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order”(国有化的威胁也许暂时可以避免，但是，如果乘客的正当愤怒不能被立即解决，这种威胁会卷土重来)可见，如果铁路公司不能让乘客镇静下来，铁路公司将会面临国有化的威胁，即所有权的变更。故选D。
57．主旨大意题。文章首段提出铁路乘客车费再次上涨的问题，即文章讨论的主题；二段简单阐述历届政府允许车费上涨的理由；三至四段聚焦于乘客所付车费和享受到的服务不对等的问题。作者认为乘客应该受到补偿，英国铁路服务标准必须得到保障，并指出如果服务得不到保障，乘客将不会无止境地支付更多车费。D项中的Ever-Rising Fares(不断上涨的车费)是文章讨论的主题，Are unreasonable(是不合理的)是作者的观点。D项完整地概括了全文内容。故选D。
58．B 59．A 60．B

【导语】本文是篇应用文。哥伦布学院于一周前向家长发送了“Sports for life”的项目计划，要求他们挑选一项希望孩子参加的体育项目。自那以后，不断有家长来电咨询相关信息。本文是学院体育发展委员会写给员工的一份备忘录，详细介绍了其中的四种体育项目，以供员工在接打家长咨询电话时参考。
58．推理判断题。根据Date: May 20, 2010下“A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play.”（一周前，“Sports for Life”的项目被发送给父母，要求他们选择一项他们希望孩子参加的运动。）可知，这个项目中，每个学生都可以获准参加一项运动。故选B。
59．细节理解题。根据Sport 1: Basketball下“We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible.”（我们预计这将是四项运动中最受欢迎的一项，因此，应该建议学生尽快报名）可知，篮球会是最热门的一项，所以选择篮球的学生最好早点报名。故选A。
60．推理判断题。根据Date: May 20, 2010下“Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones.”（从那以后，我们的工作人员接到了很多家长打来的电话，询问更多的信息。这是一份备忘录，供你接电话时参考。）可知，这份备忘录是为了帮助员工向家长解答相关信息所提供的参考。故选B。
61．A 62．C 63．D 64．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。
61．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.（从月球到火星，几十年来，科学家们一直在太阳系中寻找外星生命。）”和文章第三段“But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life（但是在金星的云层里最新的发现让天文学家十分激动，因为它可能表明了金星上生命的存在。）”以及文章第六段“Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.（科学家们猜测，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）”可知，文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。故选A。
62．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Phosphine is a colorless, toxic(有毒的)gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.（磷化氢是一种无色的有毒气体，有大蒜的气味。虽然有毒，但它被视为可能存在生命的迹象，因为在地球上，这种气体是由生活在无氧环境中的微生物产生的。）”可知，它可以由微生物产生。故选C。
63．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.（科学家们猜测，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）”可推知，如果金星上有生命存在，那很可能是在云中。故选D。
64．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites(陨石)falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.（科学家们研究了所有可能导致金星云层中磷化氢气体形成的可能性，包括火山爆发、闪电、坠入大气层的小陨石。但他们都排除了。据《今日美国》报道，得出的结论是，除了生命的存在，无法解释金星云层中这种气体的存在。）”可知，这可能是金星云层中存在生命的迹象。故选B。
65．D 66．C 67．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍Lively Flip这款手机的特点，服务和费用等。
65．细节理解题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Today, cell phones are hard to hear, difficult to dial and overloaded with features you may never use. That’s not the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttons make it easy to call family and friends, and the powerful speaker ensures every conversation is loud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知A项(它摒弃了不必要的功能)、B项(它保证了每次通话的高质量)是Lively Flip的特点，再根据文章中的“The Lively Flip is one of the most affordable cell phones on the market and comes with reliable nationwide coverage. You can even keep your current landline or cell phone number. (Lively Flip是市场上最实惠的手机之一，具有可靠的全国覆盖。你甚至可以保留你现在的座机或手机号码)”可知C选项(它不需要更改电话号码)也是Lively Flip的特点，D选项“它使用户可以随时呼叫医生寻求帮助”文章没有提到，故选D。
66．推理判断题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Today, cell phones are hard to hear, difficult to dial and overloaded with features you may never use. That’s not the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttons make it easy to call family and friends, and the powerful speaker ensures every conversation is loud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知Lively Flip手机打电话操作方便，声音质量好，所以推断它特别适合不熟悉数字技术的老年人，故选C。
67．细节理解题。根据EASY TO BE PREPARED部分“Life has a way of being unpredictable, but you can be prepared in an uncertain or unsafe situation with Urgent Response Service. Simply press the Urgent Response button to speak with a highly trained Agent who can confirm your location, evaluate your situation and get you the help you need, 24/7.(做好准备生活有一种不可预测的方式，但您可以通过紧急响应服务在不确定或不安全的情况下做好准备。只需按下紧急响应按钮，即可与训练有素的代理人交谈，该代理人可以确认您的位置，评估您的情况，并为您提供所需的帮助，全天候)”可知，紧急响应按钮的设计是Lively Flip独有的。故选B。
68．C 69．D 70．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了由丽贝卡.卡米萨所录制的纪录片《回家的路》。该纪录片记录了墨西哥和中美洲的孩子们离开祖国来到美国的旅程，他们乘坐一辆被他们称为“野兽”的火车来到美国。所有的孩子都梦想着自己和家人过上更好的生活。他们中的一些人希望与在美国的家人团聚。另一些人梦想上学或找到一份工作，这样他们就可以寄钱回家。
68．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Feature-Length Documentary.Director Rebecca Camissa said her goal for the film was to create public awareness of child migration, and to “promote a dialogue that leads to creating humane immigration policy reform in the United States.(这部电影获得了奥斯卡长篇纪录片奖的提名。导演Rebecca Cammisa说，她拍摄这部电影的目的是让公众意识到儿童移民的问题，并促进对话，从而在美国进行人道主义的移民政策改革)”可知，这部电影的目的是让观众意识到儿童移民的现象。故选C项。
69．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ During the making of the documentary, the film crew loses track of Olga and Freddy, and we never find out what becomes of them.(在纪录片的制作过程中，摄制组失去了奥尔加和弗雷迪的踪迹，我们从未知道他们的下落)”可知，在纪录片摄制期间，他们与奥尔加和弗雷迪失去了联系。故选D项。
70．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Kevin has a strong sense of duty to his family.(Kevin对他的家庭有强烈的责任感)”可知“Kevin对家庭负责人；根据第三段“Juan Carlos feels responsible for providing for his mother and his other family members and decides he must do something to help support them.(Juan Carlos感到有责任养活他的母亲和其他家庭成员。决定他必须做点什么来帮助支持他们)”可知Juan Carlos也是对家庭负责任；由此可知，Kevin和Juan Carlos都对家庭负有责任感。故选A项。