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北京高考英语语法填空专项训练
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这是一份北京高考英语语法填空专项训练，共32页。
用单词的适当形式完成短文
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Many common things around the house are very useful. For example, warm water can be used for cleaning. When salt is put ____1____ warm water, it can help ease a sore throat. Warm water can also be used to make an orange taste better. The secret is the warmth of the water. The fruit becomes sweeter, ____2____ the warm water lowers its level of sourness. Another example is ____3____ you can try a banana peel when your shoes look dirty. The tannin in the peel works like magic, making your shoes shiny and bright!
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Not all inventions have been the result of a ____4____ (care) plan. In the 1940s, an American scientist, Percy Spencer, was trying to make a machine, with the hope that it ____5____ (use) radio waves to detect warplanes. One day, after the experiment, Spencer found that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer then placed some corn in front of the machine. Soon, the corn was popping everywhere. Thus, the microwave oven (微波炉) ____6____ (invent) by chance．
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A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them ____7____ (leave) in the world. These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world’s rarest birds. The birds ____8____ (fly) all the way from their summer home to this wetland, ____9____ they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. Many people are crowding by the lake and then begin to shoot them. Is this the end for the spoonbills? No. The people are bird-watchers, ____10____ (shoot) photographs.
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ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology ___11___ (create)by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a natural and conversational way. ChatGPT ___12___ (shake) the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it’s far ___13___ perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it ___14___ (train) using data from 2021 and before.
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Most students feel that IQ is ___15___ determines how well they will be doing in life. But further research made by Professor Salovey suggests ___16___ (different). According to him, in terms of future career, EQ matters more than IQ. People with high EQs can adjust well on all areas of their ___17___ (life) and careers. They can manage their emotions and thoughts and are less likely to be troubled by negative internal feelings and thoughts.
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Wind is one of our cleanest and most abundant power sources. Europe is leading the way in wind power. Nearly 75% of all turbines(风力发电机) ___18___ (locate) there. The country ___19___ produces the most energy from wind is Germany. However, Germany consumes a lot of energy, and wind only supplies about 5% of all its electrical needs. Denmark is the global leader in this field, which uses wind ___20___ (supply) almost 20% of its energy.
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Self-reliance is an important element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____21____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting____22____ (independent). People who are self-reliant and make decisions with confidence is going to find____23____ (they) being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____24____(see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone’s personality and might lead to losing friends.
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Research in recent years has focused on the qualities and attitudes that separate heroes from the rest of us. Certain traits determine ___25___ a person is willing to take a heroic risk or not. Heroes tend by nature to be hopeful. ___26___ (believe) events will turn out well. They consciously try to keep ___27___ (fear) when pursuing their goals, and they tend to block out the ___28___ (possible) of injury or material loss.
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Art has always been a polarizing(分化的)subject. Do you know why a piece of art work ___29___ (value)in the millions, while others see the same piece as little more than a child’s finger painting? According to new research, there may be a scientific reason why we are fond ___30___ certain works. The answer lies in how a person’s brain breaks down the visuals of a painting ___31___ (combine)with their judgment.
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This year ___32___ (mark) the 42hd anniversary of the tree-planting. President Xi ___33___ (participate) in the activity since he became general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2012. By taking part in such activities, he encourages the whole society to promote ecological advancement. He also recommends taking innovative measures to plant more trees. “Let’s take proactive steps — from planting trees to ensuring green mountains, ___34___ are our valuable assets.” he said.
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ChatGPT’s was launched in November last year, and it has caused an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming ____35____(it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of ____36____ (second). This ____37____(impress) achievement is obtained by a large language model. Many are wondering what could be next for this technology and ____38____ the technology could end up.
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There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, ____39____it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless ____40____(history) sites to explore, and lots of museums ____41____ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
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In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works. ____42____(inspire), he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir, “ Lux Aurumque”, had 185 singers from 12 different countries. Since then, the virtual choir ____43____(become) a worldwide phenomenon. Whitacre’ s next effort was the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF, ____44____ was seen for the first time on stage on 23 July 2014 in the UK. Altogether, 2,292 young people from 80 countries joined in to sing Whitacre’s song “What If”.
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Andv Warhol was a successful magazine and ad illustrator ____45____ became a leading artist of the 1960s Pop art movement. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1926. When he graduated from college, he moved to New York City ____46____ (pursue)a career as a commercial artist. In 1962, he exhibited the now- iconic paintings of Campbell’s soup cans, ____47____ created a major stir in the art world. He also drew portraits and opened his own art studio. His works blurred the lines between fine arts and mainstream aesthetics. By the time of his death in 1987, he ____48____ (become) one of the most important figures in American-art history.
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We all know eating late is bad for us. A new study says it could make us sick. Researchers say that eating before bedtime ____49____ (increase) the risk of obesity. The researchers linked to Harvard Medical School looked into ____50____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight. They found that eating late doubles our feeling of hunger, so we’ eat more. When we eat ____51____ (early), we are less hungry, so we eat less food. Later eaters also eat unhealthier food, especially fast food. They also move around less before sleeping. This means they do not burn off calories.
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Every day, upon picking up my 11-year-old son from school, I would ask, “How was your day?” For years, I got the same ____52____ (respond) —“Fine, fine”— with no eye contact. His autism (自闭症) was going to prevent me from the normal chit- chat that parents ____53____ (unconscious) enjoy. One early spring afternoon, I asked the question, expecting the same answer. “How was your day?” My son replied, “Good, good.” Then, he looked at me and said, “How was your day, Mom?” With tears ____54____ (stream) down my face, I said, “It’s really good — the best day ever.”
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The Chinese have created some of the greatest inventions in the world. They came up with a way to make modem paper thousands of years ago. The first paper ___55___ (invent) was made from worm fishing nets, bark of the mulberry tree, and cloth. These materials were found ___56___ (easy), which meant that large amounts of paper were cheaper to make. As paper became more affordable, it was used for writing on. During the Tang Dynasty, it was made into paper bags and used to preserve the flavour of tea. Today, paper ___57___ (use) for many different purposes around the world.
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You never know what treasures the sea will offer. ___58___ (look) for a seashell is a fun hobby, and anyone at any age can do it. Plus, there’s even an official name for people ___59___ collect and study shells: “conchologist.” Besides being unique and interesting, shells serve an important function. They provide ___60___ (protect) for sea organisms. That brings us to the first rule of searching for seashells: Never keep a shell that still has a living creature inside.
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Rowena was at dinner when she heard a loud noise at the next table. She saw that something was wrong with a little girl. She suddenly realized that the baby was choking on food. Fortunately, Rowena knew what to do, as she ___61___ (complete) a first aid course for children before. “I sat on a chair and held the baby girl face down along the length of my right leg with her head ___62___ (low) than my knee,” Rowena said. “Then I started to hit her ___63___ the back. When the baby girl started to cry, I knew that she could breathe again.” That was ___64___ Rowena saved a baby’s life.
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Despite____65____(face)numerous challenges in her career, the groundbreaking musician remained determined____66____(push)boundaries and explore new sounds. Throughout her life, she continued to innovate and inspire others with her commitment to her art. As she approached her final years, she reflected on the impact she had made on the music world and felt____67____(satisfy)with her achievements. Her legacy continues to inspire future generations of musicians and fans alike.
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Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they____68____ (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however ____69____(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy,_____70_____is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas_____71_____ (locate) far from a power grid (电网).
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Wang was born and grew up in America, but she____72____(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of ____73____ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos,____74____(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.
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A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears____75____(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners____76____being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out____77____dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.
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As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, ____78____ images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by ____79____ (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they ____80____ (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.
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Since ChatGPT’s launch in November last year, it has become an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming ____81____ (it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of ____82____ (second). This impressive achievement ____83____ (obtain) by a large language model. Many are wondering ____84____ could be next for this technology and where the technology could end up.
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Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something ____85____ (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. ____86____ (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he ____87____ (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean (鲸目动物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
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Hand-washing ___88___(be)one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19. And yet, some people still fail ___89___ (wash)their hands effectively. However, there is one last procedure ___90___might save the day–how they dry their hands.
Scientist from the University of Leeds, UK, found that both paper towels ___91___jet air hand dryers–the two main ways people dry their hands in public toilets–can ___92___ (significant) reduce virus contamination(污染).But there is still a big difference between the two.
In their study, scientists contaminated the hands of participants with a harmless virus. To simulate(模拟)poorly washed hands, participants ___93___ (ask) not to wash them at all before either wiping them with paper towels or ___94___(put) them under a hand dryer. Scientists then tested surfaces that the participants touched afterward–doors, elevator buttons and phones,___95___example. They found that on 10 out of 11 surfaces, the contamination was much ___96___(heavy) after being touched by a blow-dried hand than a towel-wiped hand.
So the next time you use a public toilet, make sure you dry your hands with a paper towel, ideally after ____97____(second) of careful hand-washing.
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Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for stress. It ____98____(relate) to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is ____99____(slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better environment for people, which ____100____(make) them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary ____101____ achievement.
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On May 17, a young girl ____102____(take) a pack of snacks to a self-service counter at a new concept convenience store. The concept store is part of the “know your food” campaign of the UNICEF, ____103____ aims to empower people to make healthy and informed choices about their diet. After scanning her item, the girl realized she would have to climb 70 floors ____104____(burn) off the calories. Though unwillingly, she gave up the snacks.
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Research shows that individuals who sit all day, even if they go to the gym for an hour, are at ____105____(great) disease risk than those who are more active during the day. Informal activity such as ____106____(walk) is beneficial to overall health. While there is no ____107____(publish) recommendation for “safe” sitting time yet, a good rule of thumb is to move for at least 1 to 2 minutes each hour of sitting.
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Grandma Xu is a seventy-year-old rural woman ____108____ did not graduate from primary school, but her ability to speak 11 foreign languages surprised many. She sold water at a scenic spot during the day. She learned foreign languages by persistent asking, frequent talking with, and ____109____ (help) foreign tourists. With her hard work, diligence, and warm heart, she learned different languages. She ____110____ (win) the recognition of friends from all over the world and made her life better.
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Roald Amundsen, ____111____(bear) in 1872 near Oslo, Norway, left his mark on the Heroic Era as one of the most successful polar explorers in the world. He became the first to travel through the Northwest Passage, in his ship Gjoa in 1903-1906. After this journey, plans ____112____(make) to reach the North Pole, but news of Peary’s success in reaching the pole arrived, ____113____caused Amundsen to make new plans for a journey to the Antarctic and the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and four others ____114____(stand) at the South Pole, a month before Robert Scott.
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We all know the Olympic Games. _____115_____ do you know the Mud Olympic Games? Every year, about 400 people from all over Europe meet in a small town in northern Germany take part in the Mud Olympics—the _____116_____ (muddy) sports meeting in the world. It is held _____117_____ the beach when the tide is out, so it is very muddy.
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Since I was first in China, my life, and China itself, _____118_____ (develop) and changed a lot. I came here in 2015 to travel and visit a friend. I had a fantastic time, _____119_____ (explore) beautiful places in Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan and Hong Kong within 5 weeks. China is a country rich in old customs, and one full of modern wonders. Although some things will always stay the same, other things are changing at a speed beyond _____120_____ (imagine).
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Mary _____121_____ drawings were shown at the exhibition last month is a model student _____122_____ is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our attention was attracted by a very large picture _____123_____ was hung on the wall in front of us. It was the best picture _____124_____ I had ever seen.
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In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A．, guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____125____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____126____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____127____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____128____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____129____(value) highly in American life. For example,____130____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____131____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A．, no one would think of keeping a business partner ____132____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____133____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
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The zoo is somewhere we all love to go during the weekends and holidays. Now there’s a chance ____134____(raise) an adorable animal at the zoo as well. Last month, Hongshan Forest Zoo ____135____(launch) a “symbolic adoption(认养)” WeChat miniprogram to raise funds, causing a heated ____136____(discuss) online. Through the miniprogram, animal lovers get to “raise” animals by financing their daily necessities, like food and health monitoring.
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A study ____137____(lead) by Stanford University explores the influence microplastics(塑料微粒) have on whales. Microplastics are pieces of plastic less than five millimeters in length and are now frequently found ____138____ the whales live. The team found the whales mainly find food from 50 to 250 meters below the surface. At such depth, the highest concentrations of microplastic in the open ocean take place. Researchers estimate that up to 10 million pieces ____139____(consume) by each whale per day.
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I’m Patrick McCarthy. This is the space where I can help you ____140____ your daily life problems. I remember __141__(feel) both excited and terrified about life when I tuned 18. That’s a ____142____(perfect) normal feeling to have. Also, believe it or not, I guarantee all of your peers at your age also feel this sense of anxiety. Now is a good time to learn and try new things. Sometimes you will fail and have painful experiences, ____143____ is the process of learning and life itself.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ____144____ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ____145____ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ____146____ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
参考答案：
1．into/in 2．because 3．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简要列举了家庭中的很多常见物品的用途。
1．考查介词。句意：把盐放在温水中，可以帮助缓解喉咙痛。分析句子可知，此处应为固定短语put in/into意为“放入”符合句意。故填in/into。
2．考查状语从句。句意：水果变得更甜，因为温水降低了它的酸味。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，根据句意可知，主句与从句之间为因果关系，此处应为because引导的原因状语从句。故填because
3．考查表语从句。句意：另一个例子是，当你的鞋子看起来脏的时候，你可以试试香蕉皮。分析句子客户自，此处应为连词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that。故填that。
4．careful 5．would use 6．was invented
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了微波炉的发明史。
4．考查形容词。句意：并非所有的发明都是精心策划的结果。提示词作定语，修饰名词plan，用形容词careful，意为“谨慎的，周密的”。故填careful。
5．考查动词时态。句意：20世纪40年代，美国科学家珀西·斯宾塞试图制造一台机器，希望它能利用无线电波探测战机。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系；主句是一般过去时态，结合句意，表示希望将要发生的事情，用过去将来时would do。故填would use。
6．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：因此，微波炉的发明纯属偶然。分析句子可知，invent(发明)是句中谓语动词，与主语the microwave oven之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was invented。
7．left 8．have flown 9．where 10．shooting
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了一群黑脸琵鹭落脚过冬湿地的场景。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上只剩下大约600只。分析句子可知，“(leave) in the world”作后置定语，修饰词组six hundred of them，提示词leave (留下)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语six hundred of them之间是被动关系，应用过去表被动。故填left。
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些鸟从它们夏天的家一路飞到这片湿地，它们将在这里过冬。分析句子可知，fly (飞)是句中谓语动词，与主语The birds之间是主动关系，结合句意，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have flown。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这些鸟从它们夏天的家一路飞到这片湿地，它们将在这里过冬。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wetland，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这片湿地”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们是观鸟者，在拍照。分析句子可知，shoot (拍摄)是非谓语动词，作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语The people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填shooting。
11．created 12．has shaken 13．from 14．is trained
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT及其缺陷。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT是由开放式人工智能创造的一种新型人工智能技术。句中有谓语，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a new artificial intelligence technology ，且动词created和a new artificial intelligence technology是被动关系，应用非谓语动词作后置定语，故填created。
12．考查时态。句意：自从ChatGPT去年向公众开放以来，它已经震撼了科技界。此处在主句中作谓语，由since it was opened for public use last year可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是ChatGPT，助动词为has，故填has shaken。
13．考查介词。句意：虽然它给人的印象是知识渊博，但它远非完美。far from固定搭配，意为“远非”，故填from。
14．考查时态和语态。句意：它无法回答有关最近发生的事情的问题，因为它是使用2021年及之前的数据进行训练的。此处在because引导的状语从句中作谓语，主句用的是一般现在时，描述一般性事实，从句也应用一般现在时，且it和动词train是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是it，be动词应用is，故填is trained。
15．what 16．differently 17．lives
【导语】这是一篇说明文。大多数学生认为智商决定了他们在生活中会做得多好。但萨洛维教授的进一步研究却给出了不同的结论。在他看来，就未来的职业生涯而言，情商比智商更重要。高情商的人可以很好地适应生活和事业的各个方面。他们可以控制自己的情绪和想法，不太可能被消极的内心感受和想法所困扰。
15．考查表语从句。句意：大多数学生认为智商决定了他们在生活中会做得多好。引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故填what。
16．考查副词。句意：但萨洛维教授的进一步研究却给出了不同的结论。修饰动词suggest，应用副词differently，故填differently。
17．考查名词的数。句意：高情商的人可以很好地适应生活和事业的各个方面。根据后文and careers可知应用复数形式。故填lives。
18．are located 19．that/which 20．to supply
【导语】这是一篇说明文。风能是我们最清洁、最丰富的能源之一。欧洲在风力发电方面处于领先地位。近75%的涡轮机位于那里。风能发电量最大的国家是德国。然而，德国消耗了大量的能源，风能只提供了大约5%的电力需求。丹麦在这一领域处于全球领先地位，该国利用风能提供近20%的能源。
18．考查时态语态。句意：欧洲在风力发电方面处于领先地位。近75%的涡轮机位于那里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Nearly 75% of all turbines，谓语用复数。故填are located。
19．考查定语从句。句意：风能发电量最大的国家是德国。定语从句修饰先行词country，在从句中作主语，指物，故用which或that。故填that/which。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：丹麦在这一领域处于全球领先地位，该国利用风能提供近20%的能源。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“用……”。故填to supply。
21．without 22．independently 23．themselves 24．are seen
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了什么是自立，以及自立的好处，和喜欢依靠他人的坏处。
21．考查介词。句意：当你可以自己做决定，而不依赖别人来批准你的选择时，你就是在独立行动。根据句意，此处表达“不依赖别人来批准你的选择”之意，应该用介词without。故填without。
22．考查副词。句意：当你可以自己做决定，而不依赖别人来批准你的选择时，你就是在独立行动。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词，所以空处应填副词，independent的副词形式是independently。故填independently。
23．考查代词。句意：那些自力更生、自信地做决定的人会发现自己被依赖了。分析句子结构可知，空处需填代词作宾语，主语是people为复数，和宾语一致，需填其对应的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
24．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，严重依赖他人支持的人被视为需要帮助和要求很高。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以see作本句谓语，主语是people两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are seen。
25．whether 26．Believing 27．fearless 28．possibility
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英雄的特征。
25．考查名词性从句。句意：某些特质决定了一个人是否愿意冒英雄般的风险。分析句子可知，“ 1 a person is willing to take a heroic risk or not”是宾语从句，结合句意和句中or not可知，用连词whether引导该宾语从句，其意为“是否”。故填whether。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：相信事情会有好的结果。“ 2 (believe) events”作句子主语，用动名词believing；句首单词首字母大写。故填Believing。
27．考查形容词。句意：在追求目标的过程中，他们有意识地保持无所畏惧，他们往往会排除受伤或物质损失的可能性。提示词在系动词keep后作表语，结合句意，用形容词fearless，意为“无畏的；大胆的”。故填fearless。
28．考查名词。句意：在追求目标的过程中，他们有意识地保持无所畏惧，他们往往会排除受伤或物质损失的可能性。结合句意和空格前冠词the可知，提示词在句中作宾语，应用名词possibility，意为“可能性”，不可数名词。故填possibility。
29．is valued 30．of 31．combined
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要简述了人们对不同绘画喜好不同的原因。
29．考查谓语动词。句意：你知道为什么一件艺术品价值数百万美元，而其他人却认为同一件艺术品只比一个孩子的手指画高一点点吗？分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据while后面句子的谓语动词see可知，此处应使用一般现在时，且与句子主语a piece of art work之间为被动关系，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填is valued。
30．考查介词。句意：根据一项新的研究，我们喜欢某些作品可能是有科学原因的。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be fond of意为“喜欢”符合句意。故填of。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：答案在于一个人的大脑是如何将一幅画的视觉效果与他们的判断相结合的。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，combine与其所修饰词the visuals of a painting之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填combined。
32．marks 33．has participated/has been participating 34．which
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要简述了习近平主席在植树节上的指示。
32．考查谓语动词。句意：今年是植树节42周年。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意以及下文中的谓语动词encourages以及recommends可知，此处应使用一般现在时，且与句子主语this year之间为主动关系，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填marks。
33．考查谓语动词。句意：习主席自2012年就任中共中央总书记以来一直参加这项活动。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“since he became general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2012”可知，此处可使用现在完成时，也可使用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性；句子主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has participated/has been participating。
34．考查定语从句。句意：“让我们采取积极主动的措施 —— 从植树到确保绿色山区，这是我们的宝贵资产。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词是green mountains，应用关系代词which引导从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
35．its 36．seconds 37．impressive 38．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能。
35．考查代词。句意：ChatGPT于去年11月推出，一经推出就引起了轰动，这既让用户感到有趣，也给他们敲响了警钟。修饰名词users需填形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
36．考查名词。句意：只要给出一个命令或问题，聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内返回令人信服的文章、简单的食谱甚至生活建议。second意为“秒”，是可数名词，a matter of seconds为固定短语，意为“在几秒钟内”。故填seconds。
37．考查形容词。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。修饰名词achievement需填形容词impressive作定语。故填impressive。
38．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会在哪里结束。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
39．as/because/since/for 40．historic 41．with
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的历史和文化。
39．考查原因状语从句。句意：首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。空处引导原因状语从句，需用从属连词as/because/since/for，故填as/because/since/for。
40．考查形容词。句意：有无数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆，里面有来自英国各地的古代文物。空处需填形容词historic (历史上著名或重要的)，作定语，修饰名词sites。故填historic。
41．考查介词。句意同上。此处表示“具有，带有”，需用介词with。故填with。
42．Inspired 43．has become 44．which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Whitacre创立虚拟合唱团的努力过程。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到启发，他让粉丝们制作视频，然后他把这些视频拼接成一场表演。句子的谓语是asked，空处需填非谓语动词，inspire和he之间为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Inspired。
43．考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，虚拟合唱团已经成为一种全球现象。根据时间状语“since then”可知，使用现在完成时，主语the virtual choir是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
44．考查定语从句。句意：惠塔克的下一个努力是联合国儿童基金会的虚拟青年合唱团，该合唱团于2014年7月23日在英国首次登台。空出引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
45．who 46．to pursue 47．which 48．had become
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对美国艺术史上最重要的杂志和广告插画家之一Andv Warhol进行了简要介绍。
45．考查定语从句。句意：Andv Warhol是一位成功的杂志和广告插画家，成为20世纪60年代流行艺术运动的领军艺术家。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Andv Warhol，因空白处在句子中做主语指人，应使用who引导定语从句，故填who。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他搬到了纽约市，从事商业艺术家的职业。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to pursue。
47．考查定语从句。句意：1962年，他展出了坎贝尔汤罐的标志性画作，这在艺术界引起了轩然大波。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Campbell’s soup cans，因空白处在非限制性定语从句中做主语指物，使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
48．考查时态。句意：到1987年他去世时，他已经成为美国艺术史上最重要的人物之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语By the time of his death in 1987可知，主语谓语动词表示的动作在时间状语By the time of his death in 1987表示的时间之前发生，应使用过去完成时，故填had become。
49．increases 50．why/how 51．earlier
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。吃饭太晚对健康有害，研究者通过调查发现吃得晚会增加肥胖风险的原因。
49．考查时态。句意：研究人员表示，睡前吃东西会增加肥胖的风险。句子分析可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，此从句阐述客观事实，用一般现在时，eating before bedtime作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填increases。
50．考查名词性从句。句意：与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了为什么吃得晚会增加体重增加的风险/与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了吃得晚如何增加体重增加的风险。句子分析可知，“____2____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight”为名词性从句作looked into的宾语，设空处在句中作状语，表示“为什么/如何”，用连接副词why/how。故填why/how。
51．考查比较级。句意：当我们吃得早，我们就不那么饿，所以我们吃得少。由空后的“we are less hungry, so we eat less food”可知设空处应填early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
52．response 53．unconsciously 54．streaming
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了有自闭症儿子的作者每天问孩子过得怎么样这个问题，期待着同样的答案。儿子有一天问作者，今天过得怎么样，作者泪流满面非常感动，感觉这是有史以来最好的一天。
52．考查名词。句意：多年来，我得到的都是同样的回答——“挺好，挺好”——没有眼神交流。此处作宾语，应用名词response。故填response。
53．考查副词。句意：他的自闭症将使我无法像父母那样无意识地享受正常的闲聊。此处修饰动词enjoy，应用副词unconsciously，作状语。故填unconsciously。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：我泪流满面地说：“真是太好了——有史以来最好的一天。”with+宾语+宾补，tears和stream是主动关系，应用现在分词，表示主动，作宾补，故填streaming。
55．invented 56．easily 57．is used
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国人创造了一些世界上最伟大的发明。数千年前，他们发明了一种制造现代纸张的方法。发明的第一张纸是由蠕虫渔网、桑树皮和布制成的。这些材料很容易找到，这意味着大量的纸张制作起来更便宜。随着纸变得越来越便宜，它被用来写字。在唐朝，它被制成纸袋，用来保存茶的味道。今天，纸在世界各地被用于许多不同的用途。
55．考查非谓语动词。句意：发明的第一张纸是由蠕虫渔网、桑树皮和布制成的。分析句子结构可知invent与paper构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填invented。
56．考查副词。句意：这些材料很容易找到，这意味着大量的纸张制作起来更便宜。修饰动词find应用副词easily，作状语。故填easily。
57．考查时态语态。句意：如今，纸张在世界各地被用于许多不同的用途。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据today可知为一般现在时，谓语用单数。故填is used。
58．Looking 59．who/that 60．protection
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寻找贝壳这一活动。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：找贝壳是一种有趣的爱好，任何年龄的人都可以做。作主语，应用动名词，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Looking。
59．考查定语从句。句意：此外，收集和研究贝壳的人甚至有一个官方名称：“海螺学家”。定语从句修饰先行词people，在从句作主语，指人，故填who/that。
60．考查名词。句意：它们为海洋生物提供保护。作宾语，应用名词protection。故填protection。
61．had completed 62．lower 63．on 64．how
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rowena通过急救知识救了一名婴儿的故事。
61．考查时态。句意：幸运的是，Rowena知道该怎么做，因为她之前已经完成了儿童急救课程。此处表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had completed。
62．考查比较级。句意：Rowena说：“我坐在椅子上，把女婴脸朝下抱在右腿上，她的头低于我的膝盖。”。根据后文than可知为比较级。故填lower。
63．考查介词。句意：然后我开始打她的背。此处为介词hit sb. on the back表示“拍打背部”。故填on。
64．考查表语从句。句意：Rowena就是这样救了一个婴儿的命。引导表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。
65．facing 66．to push 67．satisfied
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了一位开创性的音乐家的故事。
65．考查动名词。句意：尽管在她的职业生涯中面临许多挑战，这位开创性的音乐家仍然决心突破界限，探索新的声音。despite“尽管”为介词，所以其后用动名词，故填facing。
66．考查不定式。句意同上。短语：be determined to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以空处用不定式to push，故填to push。
67．考查形容词。句意：临近生命的最后几年，她反思了自己对音乐世界的影响，并对自己的成就感到满意。空处在句中为表语，所以此处用形容词satisfied，表示她的感受，故填satisfied。
68．traditionally 69．uses 70．which 71．located
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了工程师发明了一种在夜间也能生产太阳能电力的设备。
68．考查副词。句意：太阳能电板将阳光转化为能量，因此它们只能传统地在白天的时候发挥作用。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，修饰动词work，故应用副词“traditionally传统地”修饰，故填traditionally。
69．考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。
70．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
72．has built 73．herself 74．aiming
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了出生在美国的王女士从小就喜欢中国文化，她经常上传自己穿着汉服的视频，她说她喜欢汉服，想要更多的人了解它。
72．考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。
73．考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。
74．考查现在分词。句意：我录了很多视频，是为了帮助更多的人了解它。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，aim与主语I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填aiming。
75．were produced 76．after 77．whether/if
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示狗狗有多爱它们的主人。在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。结果显示，狗只在团聚时流泪。研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应
75．考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
76．考查介词。句意：然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。根据句意可知，空处填介词after。故填after。
77．考查连接词。句意：研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应。find out后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，表示“是否”，用连接词whether或者if。故填whether/if。
78．whose 79．integrating 80．will explore
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将贝壳作为艺术品。
78．考查定语从句。句意：贝壳作为自然的产物，自穴居人时期就与人类产生了联系，洞穴壁画中的穴居人就穿着贝壳。句中先行词为cavemen，在非限定性定语从句中作名词images的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在福建省，专家们将玉雕、木雕以及中国传统绘画的技术结合起来，将这些天然礼物变成了贝壳雕刻艺术品。介词by后接动名词形式。故填integrating。
80．考查时态。句意：专家们希望他们能在未来探索新的技术，将这项古老的工艺发扬光大。根据时间状语in the future可知，用一般将来时。故填will explore。
81．its 82．seconds 83．is obtained 84．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个热门软件ChatGPT。
81．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：ChatGPT自去年11月推出以来，就立即成为一款热门软件，让用户既感到有趣，又感到担忧。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词users，故填its。
82．考查名词复数。句意：只要收到一个命令或问题，这个聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内回复令人信服的文章、简单的食谱，甚至是生活建议。second秒，是可数名词，in a matter of seconds在几秒钟之内，固定短语。故填seconds。
83．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语achievement和动词obtain之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is obtained。
84．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会走向何方。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wondering的宾语，结合句意可知，此处指“下一步会是什么”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
85．unusual 86．Confused 87．had spotted/spotted
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nick在河中发现鲸目动物，说明环境得到了改善。
85．考查形容词。句意：Nick沿着拱门河骑着自行车，突然他注意到河里有不寻常的东西。something是一个不定代词，后面一般加的是形容词。结合句意，用形容词unusual，表示“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：Nick对他所看到的感到困惑，他拍了一段视频并发布在网上。be confused by对……困惑，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。故填Confused。
87．考查时态。句意：几天后，一些研究人员证实，他发现了两只海豚，这是自2017年以来在这条河中发现的第一只鲸类动物，这表明恢复河流健康的努力正在取得成效。根据时间状语可知，从句的动作发生在主句过去动作confirmed之前，所以用过去完成时。或者表示陈述过去事实，所以也可用一般过去时。故填had spotted/spotted。
88．is 89．to wash 90．that 91．and 92．significantly 93．were asked 94．putting 95．for 96．heavier 97．seconds
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国利茨大学的科学家发现，纸巾和喷气式烘手器都能显著减少病毒污染，但是纸巾擦手的效果更好。
88．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：洗手是预防新冠传播的最简单有效的方法之一。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般现在时，主语为动名词，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填is。
89．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些人仍然不能有效地洗手。空格处作宾语，fail后接动词不定式作宾语，意为“不能做某事”。故填to wash。
90．考查定语从句。句意：然而，还有最后一个程序可以拯救这一天——他们如何把手擦干。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 procedure，先行词在从句中作主语，可用that或which引导定语从句。因为先行词被last修饰，故填that。
91．考查连词。句意：来自英国利茨大学的科学家发现，这两种纸巾和空气干燥器——两种主要的人们在公共厕所里干手的方式——可以显著地减少病毒感染。both…and…为固定搭配，意为“两者都”。故填and。
92．考查副词。句意：来自英国利茨大学的科学家发现，这两种纸巾和空气干燥器——两种主要的人们在公共厕所里干手的方式——可以显著地减少病毒感染。空处修饰动词reduce，需用副词形式。故填significantly。
93．考查时态和被动语态。句意：为了模拟洗手不干净的情况，在要么用纸巾擦手要么把手放在烘干机下之前，参与者被要求完全不洗手。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般过去时，主语participants和ask之间是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were asked。
94．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了模拟洗手不干净的情况，在要么用纸巾擦手要么把手放在烘干机下之前，参与者被要求完全不洗手。 either…or…意为“要么……要么……”连接两个并列成分，空格处在句中作介词before的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填putting。
95．考查介词。句意：科学家稍后测试参与者触摸的物体表面——举例来说，门、电梯按钮和电话。for example为固定短语，意为“举例来说”。故填for。
96．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们发现在十一个表面当中的十个表面，用吹干的手比用毛巾擦拭的手的污染程度要更加严重。根据空格前的was可知，空格处填形容词作表语，再根据介词than可知，空格处应填形容词的比较级。故填heavier。
97．考查名词的数。句意：所以下次你使用公共厕所时，最好是在仔细洗手数秒之后，确保用纸巾擦干手。空格处作after的宾语，应填名词形式，结合句意应用名词的复数形式。故填seconds。
98．is related 99．slightly 100．makes 101．for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
98．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
99．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
100．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的environment，为单数。故填makes。
101．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary for为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填for。
102．took/was taking 103．which 104．to burn
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个女孩联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一家商店购物的经历。
102．考查动词时态语态。句意：5月17日，一个小女孩拿着一包零食来到一家新概念便利店的自助服务台。分析句子可知，take是谓语动词，由时间状语On May 17可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，也可以表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填took/was taking。
103．考查定语从句。句意：这家概念店是联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一部分，该运动旨在使人们能够对自己的饮食做出健康和知情的选择。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
104．考查非谓语动词。句意：扫描完她的商品后，女孩意识到她必须爬70层楼才能燃烧掉卡路里。尽管不情愿，她还是放弃了零食。分析句子可知，此处为目的状语，用不定式形式，故填to burn。
105．greater 106．walking 107．published
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。
105．考查形容词。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐着的人，即使他们去健身房锻炼一个小时，也比那些白天更活跃的人有更高的疾病风险。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，句中than为比较级的标志，故使用great的比较级greater。故填greater。
106．考查非谓语动词。句意：散步等非正式的活动对整体健康有益。分析句子，设空处使用walk的动名词walking作such as 的宾语。故填walking。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前还没有发表过关于“安全”坐着时间的建议，但一个好的经验法则是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词作定语修饰recommendation，此处publish意为“发表”，其过去分词为published，其与recommendation之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
108．who/that 109．helping 110．has won/won
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但能说11门外语的徐奶奶。
108．考查限制性定语从句。句意：徐奶奶是一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但她能说11门外语的能力让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woman，指人，并在从句中充当主语，所以应填关系代词who/that。故填who/ that。
109．考查动名词。句意：她通过不断地询问、经常与外国游客交谈、帮助外国游客来学习外语。空处作介词by的宾语，应填其动名词形式helping，表示“帮助”，与前面的asking和talking并列。故填helping。
110．考查时态。句意：她赢得了来自世界各地朋友的认可，使她的生活变得更好。分析句子可知，空处谓语动词与后面的谓语动词made并列，所以可填动词过去式won，同时根据句意可知，空处也可表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，并可能持续发生下去，所以此处也可填现在完成式has won，谓语动词与主语She保持主谓一致，用单数。故填has won /won。
111．born 112．were made 113．which 114．stood
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的故事。他是第一个穿越西北航道的人。阿蒙森和其他四人比罗伯特·斯科特早一个月站在南极点，也成为全球到达南极极点的第一人，他的一生充满了传奇。
111．考查非谓语动词。句意：罗尔德·阿蒙森于1872年出生于挪威奥斯陆附近，作为世界上最成功的极地探险家之一，他在英雄时代留下了自己的印记。分析可知，“left”为句子的谓语动词，因此所填动词作非谓语作后置定语，动词“bear”与主语之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填born。
112．考查时态和被动。句意：在这次旅行之后，人们制定了到达北极的计划，但皮尔里成功到达北极的消息传来，这使得阿蒙森制定了前往南极洲和南极点的新计划。分析可知，所填动词在句子中“After this journey, plans ____2____ (make) to reach the North Pole”作谓语动词，且与主语之间为被动关系，结合前后文语境，用一般过去时被动“was/were done”结构，主语是复数plans，所以此处需用were。故填were made。
113．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在这次旅行之后，人们制定了到达北极的计划，但皮尔里成功到达北极的消息传来，这使得阿蒙森制定了前往南极洲和南极点的新计划。分析可知，“____3____ caused Amundsen to make new plans for a journey to the Antarctic and the South Pole”为之前主句“but news of Peary’s success in reaching the pole arrived”的非限制性定语从句，先行词（句）在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
114．考查时态。句意：1911年12月14日，阿蒙森和其他四人比罗伯特·斯科特早一个月站在南极点。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合时间状语“On December 14, 1911”可知，用一般过去时。故填stood。
115．But 116．muddiest 117．on
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简单介绍了泥巴奥林匹克运动会的情况。
115．考查连词。句意：但是你知道泥巴奥运会吗？分析句子可知，此处应为连词，连接两个并列句，根据句意可知，空前句子与空后为转折关系，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填But。
116．考查形容词。句意：每年，来自欧洲各地的约400人聚集在德国北部的一个小镇上，参加泥巴奥运会——世界上最泥泞的体育盛会。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词作定语，根据空前the可知，此处应使用形容词最高级形式。故填muddiest。
117．考查介词。句意：潮水退去时在沙滩上举行，所以很泥泞。分析句子可知，此处应为介词与后面名词构成句子的地点状语，根据句意，此处表示“在沙滩上”。故填on。
118．have developed 119．exploring 120．imagination
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者描述了在中国的旅游体验以及中国的发展变化。
118．考查时态。句意：自从我第一次来到中国，我的生活和中国本身都发生了很大的发展和变化。设空处在主句中作谓语动词。由从句“Since I was first in China”可知此主句应用现在完成时，“my life, and China itself”作主语，谓语动词用复数，由此可知，设空处填have developed。故填have developed。
119．考查非谓语动词。句意：我度过了一段美妙的时光，在5周内游览了北京、上海、四川和香港的美丽地方。句子分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，在句中作状语，主语“I”与explore之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填explore的现在分词。故填exploring。
120．考查名词。句意：虽然有些事情会一直保持不变，但有些事情却在以超乎想象的速度变化着。设空处在句中作介词beyond的宾语，名词imagination意为“想象力，想象”，短语beyond imagination意为“超乎想象，无法想象”符合句意。故填imagination。
121．whose 122．who/that 123．that/which 124．that
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者参观Mary展出的画作。
121．考查定语从句。句意：玛丽的画上个月在展览会上展出了，她是一个模范学生，在学校经常受到表扬。此处为定语从句修饰先行词Mary，且关系词在从句中做定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
122．考查定语从句。句意：玛丽的画上个月在展览会上展出了，她是一个模范学生，在学校经常受到表扬。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词student，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
123．考查定语从句。句意：一进入展厅，我们的注意力就被挂在我们面前墙上的一幅很大的画吸引住了。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词picture，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
124．考查定语从句。句意：这是我所看过的最好的一幅画。先行词picture被最高级修饰，所以关系代词只能用that。故填that。
125．before 126．be considered 127．are made 128．Thus 129．is valued 130．if 131．or 132．waiting 133．who/that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时间的意义在世界不同的地方是不同的。
125．考查介词。句意：在美国，如果客人在宴会日期的三、四天前才收到邀请，他们往往会觉得自己不受重视。根据语境可知，此处指在宴会日之前收到邀请，应用介词before“在……之前”。故填before。
126．考查动词语态。句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久约会可能被认为是愚蠢的，因为一个多星期后的约会计划往往会被忘记。主语it和consider是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词may后用be done形式。故填be considered。
127．考查动词语态。句意：在世界其他地区，可能太早和别人订好约会时间会被看成很愚蠢的事情，因为为一个多星期后的约会制定的计划往往会被忘记。此处是定语从句，that作主语，与make是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代先行词plans，是复数含义，be动词使用are。故填are made。
128．考查副词。句意：因此，来自时间观念不同文化背景的人们之间会产生误解。根据前一句“The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”可知，前后是因果关系，逗号前用thus“因此”。故填Thus。
129．考查动词语态。句意：在美国人生活中非常重视守时。主语Promptness和value是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是抽象名词，be动词使用is。故填 is valued。
130．考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
131．考查连词。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，前后表示选择，不准时被认为不礼貌或不完全负责任，应用连词or“或者”。故填or。
132．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，没有人会想到让生意伙伴等一个小时，因为这太不礼貌了。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth“让某人一直做某事”。故填waiting。
133．考查定语从句。句意：一个迟到五分钟的人会说几个词解释，虽然他可能不会说完这个句子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是person，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
134．to raise 135．launched 136．discussion
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是红山森林动物园推出的一项“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金的活动，引起人们的热议。
134．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在也有机会在动物园养一只可爱的动物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语修饰chance，修饰chance通常情况下使用不定式结构，即a chance to do sth意为“做某事的机会”，结合句意，此处表示的是主动意义。故填to raise。
135．考查谓语动词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语Last month可知，应使用一般过去时态，根据句意可知，主语Hongshan Forest Zoo与提示词launch之间为主动关系，且主语是单数。故填launched。
136．考查名词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。根据空前heated为形容词可知，此处应填名词，并且前面有不定冠词a限制，所以填名词单数，discuss的名词是discussion。故填discussion。
137．led 138．where 139．are consumed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家发现塑料微粒存在鲸鱼生活的地方。
137．考查非谓语。句意：斯坦福大学领导的研究探索了微塑料对鲸鱼的影响。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，A study和lead为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填led。
138．考查地点状语从句。句意：微塑料是长度小于5毫米的塑料片，现在经常在鲸鱼生活的地方发现。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句，且从句中缺地点状语，故应填where构成地点状语从句。故填where。
139．考查时态语态。句意：研究人员估计，每头鲸鱼每天消耗多达1000万片。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，10 million pieces 和consume为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时。故填are consumed。
140．with 141．feeling 142．perfectly 143．which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的经历告诉青少年18岁生活的真正感受，以及生活的意义。
140．考查介词。句意：在这里，我可以帮助你解决日常生活中的问题。结合句意表达“帮助某人某事”用help sb. with sth.。故填with。
141．考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得我在18岁时对生活既兴奋又恐惧。结合句意表达“记得做了某事”用remember doing，且逻辑主语I和feel之间是主动关系，因此用动名词作宾语。故填feeling。
142．考查副词。句意：这是很正常的感觉。修饰形容词normal应用副词perfectly，表示“非常”。故填perfectly。
143．考查定语从句。句意：有时候你会失败，会有痛苦的经历，这就是学习的过程，也是生活本身。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句所陈述的内容，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
144．being 145．which 146．finally
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。
144．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。此处位于介词for之后，应用动名词，作宾语。故填being。
145．考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the pet shop，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
146．考查副词。句意：在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性后，她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词，作状语。故填finally。
用单词的适当形式完成短文
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Many common things around the house are very useful. For example, warm water can be used for cleaning. When salt is put ____1____ warm water, it can help ease a sore throat. Warm water can also be used to make an orange taste better. The secret is the warmth of the water. The fruit becomes sweeter, ____2____ the warm water lowers its level of sourness. Another example is ____3____ you can try a banana peel when your shoes look dirty. The tannin in the peel works like magic, making your shoes shiny and bright!
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Not all inventions have been the result of a ____4____ (care) plan. In the 1940s, an American scientist, Percy Spencer, was trying to make a machine, with the hope that it ____5____ (use) radio waves to detect warplanes. One day, after the experiment, Spencer found that a chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. Spencer then placed some corn in front of the machine. Soon, the corn was popping everywhere. Thus, the microwave oven (微波炉) ____6____ (invent) by chance．
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A group of large white birds with black faces appear in the sky. There are only about six hundred of them ____7____ (leave) in the world. These beautiful black-faced spoonbills are some of the world’s rarest birds. The birds ____8____ (fly) all the way from their summer home to this wetland, ____9____ they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land. Many people are crowding by the lake and then begin to shoot them. Is this the end for the spoonbills? No. The people are bird-watchers, ____10____ (shoot) photographs.
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ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology ___11___ (create)by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a natural and conversational way. ChatGPT ___12___ (shake) the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it’s far ___13___ perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it ___14___ (train) using data from 2021 and before.
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Most students feel that IQ is ___15___ determines how well they will be doing in life. But further research made by Professor Salovey suggests ___16___ (different). According to him, in terms of future career, EQ matters more than IQ. People with high EQs can adjust well on all areas of their ___17___ (life) and careers. They can manage their emotions and thoughts and are less likely to be troubled by negative internal feelings and thoughts.
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Wind is one of our cleanest and most abundant power sources. Europe is leading the way in wind power. Nearly 75% of all turbines(风力发电机) ___18___ (locate) there. The country ___19___ produces the most energy from wind is Germany. However, Germany consumes a lot of energy, and wind only supplies about 5% of all its electrical needs. Denmark is the global leader in this field, which uses wind ___20___ (supply) almost 20% of its energy.
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Self-reliance is an important element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____21____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting____22____ (independent). People who are self-reliant and make decisions with confidence is going to find____23____ (they) being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support ____24____(see) as needy and demanding. These are not attractive features in someone’s personality and might lead to losing friends.
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Research in recent years has focused on the qualities and attitudes that separate heroes from the rest of us. Certain traits determine ___25___ a person is willing to take a heroic risk or not. Heroes tend by nature to be hopeful. ___26___ (believe) events will turn out well. They consciously try to keep ___27___ (fear) when pursuing their goals, and they tend to block out the ___28___ (possible) of injury or material loss.
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Art has always been a polarizing(分化的)subject. Do you know why a piece of art work ___29___ (value)in the millions, while others see the same piece as little more than a child’s finger painting? According to new research, there may be a scientific reason why we are fond ___30___ certain works. The answer lies in how a person’s brain breaks down the visuals of a painting ___31___ (combine)with their judgment.
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This year ___32___ (mark) the 42hd anniversary of the tree-planting. President Xi ___33___ (participate) in the activity since he became general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2012. By taking part in such activities, he encourages the whole society to promote ecological advancement. He also recommends taking innovative measures to plant more trees. “Let’s take proactive steps — from planting trees to ensuring green mountains, ___34___ are our valuable assets.” he said.
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ChatGPT’s was launched in November last year, and it has caused an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming ____35____(it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of ____36____ (second). This ____37____(impress) achievement is obtained by a large language model. Many are wondering what could be next for this technology and ____38____ the technology could end up.
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There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, ____39____it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless ____40____(history) sites to explore, and lots of museums ____41____ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works. ____42____(inspire), he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir, “ Lux Aurumque”, had 185 singers from 12 different countries. Since then, the virtual choir ____43____(become) a worldwide phenomenon. Whitacre’ s next effort was the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF, ____44____ was seen for the first time on stage on 23 July 2014 in the UK. Altogether, 2,292 young people from 80 countries joined in to sing Whitacre’s song “What If”.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andv Warhol was a successful magazine and ad illustrator ____45____ became a leading artist of the 1960s Pop art movement. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1926. When he graduated from college, he moved to New York City ____46____ (pursue)a career as a commercial artist. In 1962, he exhibited the now- iconic paintings of Campbell’s soup cans, ____47____ created a major stir in the art world. He also drew portraits and opened his own art studio. His works blurred the lines between fine arts and mainstream aesthetics. By the time of his death in 1987, he ____48____ (become) one of the most important figures in American-art history.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We all know eating late is bad for us. A new study says it could make us sick. Researchers say that eating before bedtime ____49____ (increase) the risk of obesity. The researchers linked to Harvard Medical School looked into ____50____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight. They found that eating late doubles our feeling of hunger, so we’ eat more. When we eat ____51____ (early), we are less hungry, so we eat less food. Later eaters also eat unhealthier food, especially fast food. They also move around less before sleeping. This means they do not burn off calories.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every day, upon picking up my 11-year-old son from school, I would ask, “How was your day?” For years, I got the same ____52____ (respond) —“Fine, fine”— with no eye contact. His autism (自闭症) was going to prevent me from the normal chit- chat that parents ____53____ (unconscious) enjoy. One early spring afternoon, I asked the question, expecting the same answer. “How was your day?” My son replied, “Good, good.” Then, he looked at me and said, “How was your day, Mom?” With tears ____54____ (stream) down my face, I said, “It’s really good — the best day ever.”
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Chinese have created some of the greatest inventions in the world. They came up with a way to make modem paper thousands of years ago. The first paper ___55___ (invent) was made from worm fishing nets, bark of the mulberry tree, and cloth. These materials were found ___56___ (easy), which meant that large amounts of paper were cheaper to make. As paper became more affordable, it was used for writing on. During the Tang Dynasty, it was made into paper bags and used to preserve the flavour of tea. Today, paper ___57___ (use) for many different purposes around the world.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
You never know what treasures the sea will offer. ___58___ (look) for a seashell is a fun hobby, and anyone at any age can do it. Plus, there’s even an official name for people ___59___ collect and study shells: “conchologist.” Besides being unique and interesting, shells serve an important function. They provide ___60___ (protect) for sea organisms. That brings us to the first rule of searching for seashells: Never keep a shell that still has a living creature inside.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rowena was at dinner when she heard a loud noise at the next table. She saw that something was wrong with a little girl. She suddenly realized that the baby was choking on food. Fortunately, Rowena knew what to do, as she ___61___ (complete) a first aid course for children before. “I sat on a chair and held the baby girl face down along the length of my right leg with her head ___62___ (low) than my knee,” Rowena said. “Then I started to hit her ___63___ the back. When the baby girl started to cry, I knew that she could breathe again.” That was ___64___ Rowena saved a baby’s life.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Despite____65____(face)numerous challenges in her career, the groundbreaking musician remained determined____66____(push)boundaries and explore new sounds. Throughout her life, she continued to innovate and inspire others with her commitment to her art. As she approached her final years, she reflected on the impact she had made on the music world and felt____67____(satisfy)with her achievements. Her legacy continues to inspire future generations of musicians and fans alike.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Engineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they____68____ (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however ____69____(use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy,_____70_____is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas_____71_____ (locate) far from a power grid (电网).
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wang was born and grew up in America, but she____72____(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of ____73____ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos,____74____(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears____75____(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with their owners____76____being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out____77____dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As products of nature, shells have developed a bond with people since the period of cavemen, ____78____ images in the cave paintings show them wearing shells. Today, in Fujian Province, experts are turning the natural gifts into shell-carved artworks by ____79____ (integrate) techniques from jade and wood carving, as well as traditional Chinese painting. In 2021, a shell carving art museum was established, where the craft’s history has been publicized. The experts hope they ____80____ (explore) new techniques in the future to carry this ancient craft forward.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since ChatGPT’s launch in November last year, it has become an immediate hit that is both entertaining and alarming ____81____ (it) users. Given a command or question, the chatbot is able to return convincing essays, simple recipes and even life advice in a matter of ____82____ (second). This impressive achievement ____83____ (obtain) by a large language model. Many are wondering ____84____ could be next for this technology and where the technology could end up.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something ____85____ (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. ____86____ (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he ____87____ (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean (鲸目动物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hand-washing ___88___(be)one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of COVID-19. And yet, some people still fail ___89___ (wash)their hands effectively. However, there is one last procedure ___90___might save the day–how they dry their hands.
Scientist from the University of Leeds, UK, found that both paper towels ___91___jet air hand dryers–the two main ways people dry their hands in public toilets–can ___92___ (significant) reduce virus contamination(污染).But there is still a big difference between the two.
In their study, scientists contaminated the hands of participants with a harmless virus. To simulate(模拟)poorly washed hands, participants ___93___ (ask) not to wash them at all before either wiping them with paper towels or ___94___(put) them under a hand dryer. Scientists then tested surfaces that the participants touched afterward–doors, elevator buttons and phones,___95___example. They found that on 10 out of 11 surfaces, the contamination was much ___96___(heavy) after being touched by a blow-dried hand than a towel-wiped hand.
So the next time you use a public toilet, make sure you dry your hands with a paper towel, ideally after ____97____(second) of careful hand-washing.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for stress. It ____98____(relate) to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is ____99____(slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better environment for people, which ____100____(make) them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary ____101____ achievement.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On May 17, a young girl ____102____(take) a pack of snacks to a self-service counter at a new concept convenience store. The concept store is part of the “know your food” campaign of the UNICEF, ____103____ aims to empower people to make healthy and informed choices about their diet. After scanning her item, the girl realized she would have to climb 70 floors ____104____(burn) off the calories. Though unwillingly, she gave up the snacks.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research shows that individuals who sit all day, even if they go to the gym for an hour, are at ____105____(great) disease risk than those who are more active during the day. Informal activity such as ____106____(walk) is beneficial to overall health. While there is no ____107____(publish) recommendation for “safe” sitting time yet, a good rule of thumb is to move for at least 1 to 2 minutes each hour of sitting.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Grandma Xu is a seventy-year-old rural woman ____108____ did not graduate from primary school, but her ability to speak 11 foreign languages surprised many. She sold water at a scenic spot during the day. She learned foreign languages by persistent asking, frequent talking with, and ____109____ (help) foreign tourists. With her hard work, diligence, and warm heart, she learned different languages. She ____110____ (win) the recognition of friends from all over the world and made her life better.
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Roald Amundsen, ____111____(bear) in 1872 near Oslo, Norway, left his mark on the Heroic Era as one of the most successful polar explorers in the world. He became the first to travel through the Northwest Passage, in his ship Gjoa in 1903-1906. After this journey, plans ____112____(make) to reach the North Pole, but news of Peary’s success in reaching the pole arrived, ____113____caused Amundsen to make new plans for a journey to the Antarctic and the South Pole. On December 14, 1911, Amundsen and four others ____114____(stand) at the South Pole, a month before Robert Scott.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We all know the Olympic Games. _____115_____ do you know the Mud Olympic Games? Every year, about 400 people from all over Europe meet in a small town in northern Germany take part in the Mud Olympics—the _____116_____ (muddy) sports meeting in the world. It is held _____117_____ the beach when the tide is out, so it is very muddy.
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Since I was first in China, my life, and China itself, _____118_____ (develop) and changed a lot. I came here in 2015 to travel and visit a friend. I had a fantastic time, _____119_____ (explore) beautiful places in Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan and Hong Kong within 5 weeks. China is a country rich in old customs, and one full of modern wonders. Although some things will always stay the same, other things are changing at a speed beyond _____120_____ (imagine).
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Mary _____121_____ drawings were shown at the exhibition last month is a model student _____122_____ is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our attention was attracted by a very large picture _____123_____ was hung on the wall in front of us. It was the best picture _____124_____ I had ever seen.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A．, guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____125____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____126____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____127____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____128____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____129____(value) highly in American life. For example,____130____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____131____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A．, no one would think of keeping a business partner ____132____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____133____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
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The zoo is somewhere we all love to go during the weekends and holidays. Now there’s a chance ____134____(raise) an adorable animal at the zoo as well. Last month, Hongshan Forest Zoo ____135____(launch) a “symbolic adoption(认养)” WeChat miniprogram to raise funds, causing a heated ____136____(discuss) online. Through the miniprogram, animal lovers get to “raise” animals by financing their daily necessities, like food and health monitoring.
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A study ____137____(lead) by Stanford University explores the influence microplastics(塑料微粒) have on whales. Microplastics are pieces of plastic less than five millimeters in length and are now frequently found ____138____ the whales live. The team found the whales mainly find food from 50 to 250 meters below the surface. At such depth, the highest concentrations of microplastic in the open ocean take place. Researchers estimate that up to 10 million pieces ____139____(consume) by each whale per day.
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I’m Patrick McCarthy. This is the space where I can help you ____140____ your daily life problems. I remember __141__(feel) both excited and terrified about life when I tuned 18. That’s a ____142____(perfect) normal feeling to have. Also, believe it or not, I guarantee all of your peers at your age also feel this sense of anxiety. Now is a good time to learn and try new things. Sometimes you will fail and have painful experiences, ____143____ is the process of learning and life itself.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ____144____ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ____145____ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ____146____ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
参考答案：
1．into/in 2．because 3．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简要列举了家庭中的很多常见物品的用途。
1．考查介词。句意：把盐放在温水中，可以帮助缓解喉咙痛。分析句子可知，此处应为固定短语put in/into意为“放入”符合句意。故填in/into。
2．考查状语从句。句意：水果变得更甜，因为温水降低了它的酸味。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，根据句意可知，主句与从句之间为因果关系，此处应为because引导的原因状语从句。故填because
3．考查表语从句。句意：另一个例子是，当你的鞋子看起来脏的时候，你可以试试香蕉皮。分析句子客户自，此处应为连词引导的表语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that。故填that。
4．careful 5．would use 6．was invented
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了微波炉的发明史。
4．考查形容词。句意：并非所有的发明都是精心策划的结果。提示词作定语，修饰名词plan，用形容词careful，意为“谨慎的，周密的”。故填careful。
5．考查动词时态。句意：20世纪40年代，美国科学家珀西·斯宾塞试图制造一台机器，希望它能利用无线电波探测战机。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系；主句是一般过去时态，结合句意，表示希望将要发生的事情，用过去将来时would do。故填would use。
6．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：因此，微波炉的发明纯属偶然。分析句子可知，invent(发明)是句中谓语动词，与主语the microwave oven之间是被动关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was invented。
7．left 8．have flown 9．where 10．shooting
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了一群黑脸琵鹭落脚过冬湿地的场景。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上只剩下大约600只。分析句子可知，“(leave) in the world”作后置定语，修饰词组six hundred of them，提示词leave (留下)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语six hundred of them之间是被动关系，应用过去表被动。故填left。
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些鸟从它们夏天的家一路飞到这片湿地，它们将在这里过冬。分析句子可知，fly (飞)是句中谓语动词，与主语The birds之间是主动关系，结合句意，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态，复数形式。故填have flown。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这些鸟从它们夏天的家一路飞到这片湿地，它们将在这里过冬。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wetland，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这片湿地”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们是观鸟者，在拍照。分析句子可知，shoot (拍摄)是非谓语动词，作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语The people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填shooting。
11．created 12．has shaken 13．from 14．is trained
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT及其缺陷。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT是由开放式人工智能创造的一种新型人工智能技术。句中有谓语，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a new artificial intelligence technology ，且动词created和a new artificial intelligence technology是被动关系，应用非谓语动词作后置定语，故填created。
12．考查时态。句意：自从ChatGPT去年向公众开放以来，它已经震撼了科技界。此处在主句中作谓语，由since it was opened for public use last year可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是ChatGPT，助动词为has，故填has shaken。
13．考查介词。句意：虽然它给人的印象是知识渊博，但它远非完美。far from固定搭配，意为“远非”，故填from。
14．考查时态和语态。句意：它无法回答有关最近发生的事情的问题，因为它是使用2021年及之前的数据进行训练的。此处在because引导的状语从句中作谓语，主句用的是一般现在时，描述一般性事实，从句也应用一般现在时，且it和动词train是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是it，be动词应用is，故填is trained。
15．what 16．differently 17．lives
【导语】这是一篇说明文。大多数学生认为智商决定了他们在生活中会做得多好。但萨洛维教授的进一步研究却给出了不同的结论。在他看来，就未来的职业生涯而言，情商比智商更重要。高情商的人可以很好地适应生活和事业的各个方面。他们可以控制自己的情绪和想法，不太可能被消极的内心感受和想法所困扰。
15．考查表语从句。句意：大多数学生认为智商决定了他们在生活中会做得多好。引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故填what。
16．考查副词。句意：但萨洛维教授的进一步研究却给出了不同的结论。修饰动词suggest，应用副词differently，故填differently。
17．考查名词的数。句意：高情商的人可以很好地适应生活和事业的各个方面。根据后文and careers可知应用复数形式。故填lives。
18．are located 19．that/which 20．to supply
【导语】这是一篇说明文。风能是我们最清洁、最丰富的能源之一。欧洲在风力发电方面处于领先地位。近75%的涡轮机位于那里。风能发电量最大的国家是德国。然而，德国消耗了大量的能源，风能只提供了大约5%的电力需求。丹麦在这一领域处于全球领先地位，该国利用风能提供近20%的能源。
18．考查时态语态。句意：欧洲在风力发电方面处于领先地位。近75%的涡轮机位于那里。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Nearly 75% of all turbines，谓语用复数。故填are located。
19．考查定语从句。句意：风能发电量最大的国家是德国。定语从句修饰先行词country，在从句中作主语，指物，故用which或that。故填that/which。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：丹麦在这一领域处于全球领先地位，该国利用风能提供近20%的能源。短语use sth. to do sth.表示“用……”。故填to supply。
21．without 22．independently 23．themselves 24．are seen
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了什么是自立，以及自立的好处，和喜欢依靠他人的坏处。
21．考查介词。句意：当你可以自己做决定，而不依赖别人来批准你的选择时，你就是在独立行动。根据句意，此处表达“不依赖别人来批准你的选择”之意，应该用介词without。故填without。
22．考查副词。句意：当你可以自己做决定，而不依赖别人来批准你的选择时，你就是在独立行动。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空前的动词，所以空处应填副词，independent的副词形式是independently。故填independently。
23．考查代词。句意：那些自力更生、自信地做决定的人会发现自己被依赖了。分析句子结构可知，空处需填代词作宾语，主语是people为复数，和宾语一致，需填其对应的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
24．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，严重依赖他人支持的人被视为需要帮助和要求很高。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以see作本句谓语，主语是people两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are seen。
25．whether 26．Believing 27．fearless 28．possibility
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英雄的特征。
25．考查名词性从句。句意：某些特质决定了一个人是否愿意冒英雄般的风险。分析句子可知，“ 1 a person is willing to take a heroic risk or not”是宾语从句，结合句意和句中or not可知，用连词whether引导该宾语从句，其意为“是否”。故填whether。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：相信事情会有好的结果。“ 2 (believe) events”作句子主语，用动名词believing；句首单词首字母大写。故填Believing。
27．考查形容词。句意：在追求目标的过程中，他们有意识地保持无所畏惧，他们往往会排除受伤或物质损失的可能性。提示词在系动词keep后作表语，结合句意，用形容词fearless，意为“无畏的；大胆的”。故填fearless。
28．考查名词。句意：在追求目标的过程中，他们有意识地保持无所畏惧，他们往往会排除受伤或物质损失的可能性。结合句意和空格前冠词the可知，提示词在句中作宾语，应用名词possibility，意为“可能性”，不可数名词。故填possibility。
29．is valued 30．of 31．combined
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要简述了人们对不同绘画喜好不同的原因。
29．考查谓语动词。句意：你知道为什么一件艺术品价值数百万美元，而其他人却认为同一件艺术品只比一个孩子的手指画高一点点吗？分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据while后面句子的谓语动词see可知，此处应使用一般现在时，且与句子主语a piece of art work之间为被动关系，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填is valued。
30．考查介词。句意：根据一项新的研究，我们喜欢某些作品可能是有科学原因的。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be fond of意为“喜欢”符合句意。故填of。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：答案在于一个人的大脑是如何将一幅画的视觉效果与他们的判断相结合的。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，combine与其所修饰词the visuals of a painting之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填combined。
32．marks 33．has participated/has been participating 34．which
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要简述了习近平主席在植树节上的指示。
32．考查谓语动词。句意：今年是植树节42周年。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据句意以及下文中的谓语动词encourages以及recommends可知，此处应使用一般现在时，且与句子主语this year之间为主动关系，句子主语为第三人称单数。故填marks。
33．考查谓语动词。句意：习主席自2012年就任中共中央总书记以来一直参加这项活动。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“since he became general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2012”可知，此处可使用现在完成时，也可使用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性；句子主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has participated/has been participating。
34．考查定语从句。句意：“让我们采取积极主动的措施 —— 从植树到确保绿色山区，这是我们的宝贵资产。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词是green mountains，应用关系代词which引导从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
35．its 36．seconds 37．impressive 38．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的功能。
35．考查代词。句意：ChatGPT于去年11月推出，一经推出就引起了轰动，这既让用户感到有趣，也给他们敲响了警钟。修饰名词users需填形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
36．考查名词。句意：只要给出一个命令或问题，聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内返回令人信服的文章、简单的食谱甚至生活建议。second意为“秒”，是可数名词，a matter of seconds为固定短语，意为“在几秒钟内”。故填seconds。
37．考查形容词。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。修饰名词achievement需填形容词impressive作定语。故填impressive。
38．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会在哪里结束。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
39．as/because/since/for 40．historic 41．with
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的历史和文化。
39．考查原因状语从句。句意：首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。空处引导原因状语从句，需用从属连词as/because/since/for，故填as/because/since/for。
40．考查形容词。句意：有无数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆，里面有来自英国各地的古代文物。空处需填形容词historic (历史上著名或重要的)，作定语，修饰名词sites。故填historic。
41．考查介词。句意同上。此处表示“具有，带有”，需用介词with。故填with。
42．Inspired 43．has become 44．which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Whitacre创立虚拟合唱团的努力过程。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到启发，他让粉丝们制作视频，然后他把这些视频拼接成一场表演。句子的谓语是asked，空处需填非谓语动词，inspire和he之间为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Inspired。
43．考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，虚拟合唱团已经成为一种全球现象。根据时间状语“since then”可知，使用现在完成时，主语the virtual choir是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
44．考查定语从句。句意：惠塔克的下一个努力是联合国儿童基金会的虚拟青年合唱团，该合唱团于2014年7月23日在英国首次登台。空出引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
45．who 46．to pursue 47．which 48．had become
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对美国艺术史上最重要的杂志和广告插画家之一Andv Warhol进行了简要介绍。
45．考查定语从句。句意：Andv Warhol是一位成功的杂志和广告插画家，成为20世纪60年代流行艺术运动的领军艺术家。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Andv Warhol，因空白处在句子中做主语指人，应使用who引导定语从句，故填who。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他搬到了纽约市，从事商业艺术家的职业。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to pursue。
47．考查定语从句。句意：1962年，他展出了坎贝尔汤罐的标志性画作，这在艺术界引起了轩然大波。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Campbell’s soup cans，因空白处在非限制性定语从句中做主语指物，使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
48．考查时态。句意：到1987年他去世时，他已经成为美国艺术史上最重要的人物之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语By the time of his death in 1987可知，主语谓语动词表示的动作在时间状语By the time of his death in 1987表示的时间之前发生，应使用过去完成时，故填had become。
49．increases 50．why/how 51．earlier
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。吃饭太晚对健康有害，研究者通过调查发现吃得晚会增加肥胖风险的原因。
49．考查时态。句意：研究人员表示，睡前吃东西会增加肥胖的风险。句子分析可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，此从句阐述客观事实，用一般现在时，eating before bedtime作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填increases。
50．考查名词性从句。句意：与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了为什么吃得晚会增加体重增加的风险/与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了吃得晚如何增加体重增加的风险。句子分析可知，“____2____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight”为名词性从句作looked into的宾语，设空处在句中作状语，表示“为什么/如何”，用连接副词why/how。故填why/how。
51．考查比较级。句意：当我们吃得早，我们就不那么饿，所以我们吃得少。由空后的“we are less hungry, so we eat less food”可知设空处应填early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
52．response 53．unconsciously 54．streaming
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了有自闭症儿子的作者每天问孩子过得怎么样这个问题，期待着同样的答案。儿子有一天问作者，今天过得怎么样，作者泪流满面非常感动，感觉这是有史以来最好的一天。
52．考查名词。句意：多年来，我得到的都是同样的回答——“挺好，挺好”——没有眼神交流。此处作宾语，应用名词response。故填response。
53．考查副词。句意：他的自闭症将使我无法像父母那样无意识地享受正常的闲聊。此处修饰动词enjoy，应用副词unconsciously，作状语。故填unconsciously。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：我泪流满面地说：“真是太好了——有史以来最好的一天。”with+宾语+宾补，tears和stream是主动关系，应用现在分词，表示主动，作宾补，故填streaming。
55．invented 56．easily 57．is used
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国人创造了一些世界上最伟大的发明。数千年前，他们发明了一种制造现代纸张的方法。发明的第一张纸是由蠕虫渔网、桑树皮和布制成的。这些材料很容易找到，这意味着大量的纸张制作起来更便宜。随着纸变得越来越便宜，它被用来写字。在唐朝，它被制成纸袋，用来保存茶的味道。今天，纸在世界各地被用于许多不同的用途。
55．考查非谓语动词。句意：发明的第一张纸是由蠕虫渔网、桑树皮和布制成的。分析句子结构可知invent与paper构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填invented。
56．考查副词。句意：这些材料很容易找到，这意味着大量的纸张制作起来更便宜。修饰动词find应用副词easily，作状语。故填easily。
57．考查时态语态。句意：如今，纸张在世界各地被用于许多不同的用途。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据today可知为一般现在时，谓语用单数。故填is used。
58．Looking 59．who/that 60．protection
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寻找贝壳这一活动。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：找贝壳是一种有趣的爱好，任何年龄的人都可以做。作主语，应用动名词，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Looking。
59．考查定语从句。句意：此外，收集和研究贝壳的人甚至有一个官方名称：“海螺学家”。定语从句修饰先行词people，在从句作主语，指人，故填who/that。
60．考查名词。句意：它们为海洋生物提供保护。作宾语，应用名词protection。故填protection。
61．had completed 62．lower 63．on 64．how
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Rowena通过急救知识救了一名婴儿的故事。
61．考查时态。句意：幸运的是，Rowena知道该怎么做，因为她之前已经完成了儿童急救课程。此处表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had completed。
62．考查比较级。句意：Rowena说：“我坐在椅子上，把女婴脸朝下抱在右腿上，她的头低于我的膝盖。”。根据后文than可知为比较级。故填lower。
63．考查介词。句意：然后我开始打她的背。此处为介词hit sb. on the back表示“拍打背部”。故填on。
64．考查表语从句。句意：Rowena就是这样救了一个婴儿的命。引导表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。故填how。
65．facing 66．to push 67．satisfied
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了一位开创性的音乐家的故事。
65．考查动名词。句意：尽管在她的职业生涯中面临许多挑战，这位开创性的音乐家仍然决心突破界限，探索新的声音。despite“尽管”为介词，所以其后用动名词，故填facing。
66．考查不定式。句意同上。短语：be determined to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以空处用不定式to push，故填to push。
67．考查形容词。句意：临近生命的最后几年，她反思了自己对音乐世界的影响，并对自己的成就感到满意。空处在句中为表语，所以此处用形容词satisfied，表示她的感受，故填satisfied。
68．traditionally 69．uses 70．which 71．located
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了工程师发明了一种在夜间也能生产太阳能电力的设备。
68．考查副词。句意：太阳能电板将阳光转化为能量，因此它们只能传统地在白天的时候发挥作用。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，修饰动词work，故应用副词“traditionally传统地”修饰，故填traditionally。
69．考查时态。句意：然而，这一设备使用了一个热电发电机，利用温差产生能量。此处this device作主语，为单数，与谓语动词use之间为主动关系，且根据后文的creates可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填uses。
70．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
72．has built 73．herself 74．aiming
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了出生在美国的王女士从小就喜欢中国文化，她经常上传自己穿着汉服的视频，她说她喜欢汉服，想要更多的人了解它。
72．考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。
73．考查代词。句意：她一直在网上上传她穿着汉服的视频，这吸引了很多喜欢中国生活方式的人。此处of是介词，后跟宾语，且主语为she，此处意为“她自己”，故应用反身代词herself作宾语，故填herself。
74．考查现在分词。句意：我录了很多视频，是为了帮助更多的人了解它。根据句子分析可知，此处作状语，aim与主语I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填aiming。
75．were produced 76．after 77．whether/if
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示狗狗有多爱它们的主人。在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。结果显示，狗只在团聚时流泪。研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应
75．考查时态语态。句意：在实验中，研究人员首先测量了狗狗在家里和主人在一起的时候会流出多少眼泪。根据“they were”可知，主句为一般过去时，主语tears与谓语produce为被动关系。故填were produced。
76．考查介词。句意：然后，研究小组重复了这个实验，这次是在分别5小时后与主人团聚的狗。根据句意可知，空处填介词after。故填after。
77．考查连接词。句意：研究小组现在想知道，当狗和其他狗团聚时，是否会有类似的情绪反应。find out后接宾语从句，根据句意可知，表示“是否”，用连接词whether或者if。故填whether/if。
78．whose 79．integrating 80．will explore
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将贝壳作为艺术品。
78．考查定语从句。句意：贝壳作为自然的产物，自穴居人时期就与人类产生了联系，洞穴壁画中的穴居人就穿着贝壳。句中先行词为cavemen，在非限定性定语从句中作名词images的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，在福建省，专家们将玉雕、木雕以及中国传统绘画的技术结合起来，将这些天然礼物变成了贝壳雕刻艺术品。介词by后接动名词形式。故填integrating。
80．考查时态。句意：专家们希望他们能在未来探索新的技术，将这项古老的工艺发扬光大。根据时间状语in the future可知，用一般将来时。故填will explore。
81．its 82．seconds 83．is obtained 84．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一个热门软件ChatGPT。
81．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：ChatGPT自去年11月推出以来，就立即成为一款热门软件，让用户既感到有趣，又感到担忧。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词users，故填its。
82．考查名词复数。句意：只要收到一个命令或问题，这个聊天机器人就能在几秒钟内回复令人信服的文章、简单的食谱，甚至是生活建议。second秒，是可数名词，in a matter of seconds在几秒钟之内，固定短语。故填seconds。
83．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这一令人印象深刻的成就是通过一个大型语言模型获得的。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语achievement和动词obtain之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is obtained。
84．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人都想知道这项技术的下一步会是什么，以及这项技术最终会走向何方。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词wondering的宾语，结合句意可知，此处指“下一步会是什么”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
85．unusual 86．Confused 87．had spotted/spotted
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nick在河中发现鲸目动物，说明环境得到了改善。
85．考查形容词。句意：Nick沿着拱门河骑着自行车，突然他注意到河里有不寻常的东西。something是一个不定代词，后面一般加的是形容词。结合句意，用形容词unusual，表示“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。
86．考查非谓语动词。句意：Nick对他所看到的感到困惑，他拍了一段视频并发布在网上。be confused by对……困惑，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。故填Confused。
87．考查时态。句意：几天后，一些研究人员证实，他发现了两只海豚，这是自2017年以来在这条河中发现的第一只鲸类动物，这表明恢复河流健康的努力正在取得成效。根据时间状语可知，从句的动作发生在主句过去动作confirmed之前，所以用过去完成时。或者表示陈述过去事实，所以也可用一般过去时。故填had spotted/spotted。
88．is 89．to wash 90．that 91．and 92．significantly 93．were asked 94．putting 95．for 96．heavier 97．seconds
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国利茨大学的科学家发现，纸巾和喷气式烘手器都能显著减少病毒污染，但是纸巾擦手的效果更好。
88．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：洗手是预防新冠传播的最简单有效的方法之一。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般现在时，主语为动名词，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填is。
89．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一些人仍然不能有效地洗手。空格处作宾语，fail后接动词不定式作宾语，意为“不能做某事”。故填to wash。
90．考查定语从句。句意：然而，还有最后一个程序可以拯救这一天——他们如何把手擦干。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 procedure，先行词在从句中作主语，可用that或which引导定语从句。因为先行词被last修饰，故填that。
91．考查连词。句意：来自英国利茨大学的科学家发现，这两种纸巾和空气干燥器——两种主要的人们在公共厕所里干手的方式——可以显著地减少病毒感染。both…and…为固定搭配，意为“两者都”。故填and。
92．考查副词。句意：来自英国利茨大学的科学家发现，这两种纸巾和空气干燥器——两种主要的人们在公共厕所里干手的方式——可以显著地减少病毒感染。空处修饰动词reduce，需用副词形式。故填significantly。
93．考查时态和被动语态。句意：为了模拟洗手不干净的情况，在要么用纸巾擦手要么把手放在烘干机下之前，参与者被要求完全不洗手。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般过去时，主语participants和ask之间是动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were asked。
94．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了模拟洗手不干净的情况，在要么用纸巾擦手要么把手放在烘干机下之前，参与者被要求完全不洗手。 either…or…意为“要么……要么……”连接两个并列成分，空格处在句中作介词before的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填putting。
95．考查介词。句意：科学家稍后测试参与者触摸的物体表面——举例来说，门、电梯按钮和电话。for example为固定短语，意为“举例来说”。故填for。
96．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们发现在十一个表面当中的十个表面，用吹干的手比用毛巾擦拭的手的污染程度要更加严重。根据空格前的was可知，空格处填形容词作表语，再根据介词than可知，空格处应填形容词的比较级。故填heavier。
97．考查名词的数。句意：所以下次你使用公共厕所时，最好是在仔细洗手数秒之后，确保用纸巾擦干手。空格处作after的宾语，应填名词形式，结合句意应用名词的复数形式。故填seconds。
98．is related 99．slightly 100．makes 101．for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
98．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
99．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
100．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前文的environment，为单数。故填makes。
101．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary for为固定短语，意为“对……是有必要的”。故填for。
102．took/was taking 103．which 104．to burn
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一个女孩联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一家商店购物的经历。
102．考查动词时态语态。句意：5月17日，一个小女孩拿着一包零食来到一家新概念便利店的自助服务台。分析句子可知，take是谓语动词，由时间状语On May 17可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，也可以表示过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填took/was taking。
103．考查定语从句。句意：这家概念店是联合国儿童基金会“了解你的食物”运动的一部分，该运动旨在使人们能够对自己的饮食做出健康和知情的选择。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰campaign，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which，故填which。
104．考查非谓语动词。句意：扫描完她的商品后，女孩意识到她必须爬70层楼才能燃烧掉卡路里。尽管不情愿，她还是放弃了零食。分析句子可知，此处为目的状语，用不定式形式，故填to burn。
105．greater 106．walking 107．published
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是久坐不利于健康，好的方法是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。
105．考查形容词。句意：研究表明，那些整天坐着的人，即使他们去健身房锻炼一个小时，也比那些白天更活跃的人有更高的疾病风险。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，句中than为比较级的标志，故使用great的比较级greater。故填greater。
106．考查非谓语动词。句意：散步等非正式的活动对整体健康有益。分析句子，设空处使用walk的动名词walking作such as 的宾语。故填walking。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然目前还没有发表过关于“安全”坐着时间的建议，但一个好的经验法则是每坐一小时至少运动1到2分钟。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词作定语修饰recommendation，此处publish意为“发表”，其过去分词为published，其与recommendation之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
108．who/that 109．helping 110．has won/won
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但能说11门外语的徐奶奶。
108．考查限制性定语从句。句意：徐奶奶是一位70岁的农村妇女，小学都没毕业，但她能说11门外语的能力让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woman，指人，并在从句中充当主语，所以应填关系代词who/that。故填who/ that。
109．考查动名词。句意：她通过不断地询问、经常与外国游客交谈、帮助外国游客来学习外语。空处作介词by的宾语，应填其动名词形式helping，表示“帮助”，与前面的asking和talking并列。故填helping。
110．考查时态。句意：她赢得了来自世界各地朋友的认可，使她的生活变得更好。分析句子可知，空处谓语动词与后面的谓语动词made并列，所以可填动词过去式won，同时根据句意可知，空处也可表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，并可能持续发生下去，所以此处也可填现在完成式has won，谓语动词与主语She保持主谓一致，用单数。故填has won /won。
111．born 112．were made 113．which 114．stood
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的故事。他是第一个穿越西北航道的人。阿蒙森和其他四人比罗伯特·斯科特早一个月站在南极点，也成为全球到达南极极点的第一人，他的一生充满了传奇。
111．考查非谓语动词。句意：罗尔德·阿蒙森于1872年出生于挪威奥斯陆附近，作为世界上最成功的极地探险家之一，他在英雄时代留下了自己的印记。分析可知，“left”为句子的谓语动词，因此所填动词作非谓语作后置定语，动词“bear”与主语之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填born。
112．考查时态和被动。句意：在这次旅行之后，人们制定了到达北极的计划，但皮尔里成功到达北极的消息传来，这使得阿蒙森制定了前往南极洲和南极点的新计划。分析可知，所填动词在句子中“After this journey, plans ____2____ (make) to reach the North Pole”作谓语动词，且与主语之间为被动关系，结合前后文语境，用一般过去时被动“was/were done”结构，主语是复数plans，所以此处需用were。故填were made。
113．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在这次旅行之后，人们制定了到达北极的计划，但皮尔里成功到达北极的消息传来，这使得阿蒙森制定了前往南极洲和南极点的新计划。分析可知，“____3____ caused Amundsen to make new plans for a journey to the Antarctic and the South Pole”为之前主句“but news of Peary’s success in reaching the pole arrived”的非限制性定语从句，先行词（句）在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
114．考查时态。句意：1911年12月14日，阿蒙森和其他四人比罗伯特·斯科特早一个月站在南极点。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词，结合时间状语“On December 14, 1911”可知，用一般过去时。故填stood。
115．But 116．muddiest 117．on
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。简单介绍了泥巴奥林匹克运动会的情况。
115．考查连词。句意：但是你知道泥巴奥运会吗？分析句子可知，此处应为连词，连接两个并列句，根据句意可知，空前句子与空后为转折关系，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填But。
116．考查形容词。句意：每年，来自欧洲各地的约400人聚集在德国北部的一个小镇上，参加泥巴奥运会——世界上最泥泞的体育盛会。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词作定语，根据空前the可知，此处应使用形容词最高级形式。故填muddiest。
117．考查介词。句意：潮水退去时在沙滩上举行，所以很泥泞。分析句子可知，此处应为介词与后面名词构成句子的地点状语，根据句意，此处表示“在沙滩上”。故填on。
118．have developed 119．exploring 120．imagination
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者描述了在中国的旅游体验以及中国的发展变化。
118．考查时态。句意：自从我第一次来到中国，我的生活和中国本身都发生了很大的发展和变化。设空处在主句中作谓语动词。由从句“Since I was first in China”可知此主句应用现在完成时，“my life, and China itself”作主语，谓语动词用复数，由此可知，设空处填have developed。故填have developed。
119．考查非谓语动词。句意：我度过了一段美妙的时光，在5周内游览了北京、上海、四川和香港的美丽地方。句子分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，在句中作状语，主语“I”与explore之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，设空处应填explore的现在分词。故填exploring。
120．考查名词。句意：虽然有些事情会一直保持不变，但有些事情却在以超乎想象的速度变化着。设空处在句中作介词beyond的宾语，名词imagination意为“想象力，想象”，短语beyond imagination意为“超乎想象，无法想象”符合句意。故填imagination。
121．whose 122．who/that 123．that/which 124．that
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者参观Mary展出的画作。
121．考查定语从句。句意：玛丽的画上个月在展览会上展出了，她是一个模范学生，在学校经常受到表扬。此处为定语从句修饰先行词Mary，且关系词在从句中做定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
122．考查定语从句。句意：玛丽的画上个月在展览会上展出了，她是一个模范学生，在学校经常受到表扬。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词student，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
123．考查定语从句。句意：一进入展厅，我们的注意力就被挂在我们面前墙上的一幅很大的画吸引住了。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词picture，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
124．考查定语从句。句意：这是我所看过的最好的一幅画。先行词picture被最高级修饰，所以关系代词只能用that。故填that。
125．before 126．be considered 127．are made 128．Thus 129．is valued 130．if 131．or 132．waiting 133．who/that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时间的意义在世界不同的地方是不同的。
125．考查介词。句意：在美国，如果客人在宴会日期的三、四天前才收到邀请，他们往往会觉得自己不受重视。根据语境可知，此处指在宴会日之前收到邀请，应用介词before“在……之前”。故填before。
126．考查动词语态。句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久约会可能被认为是愚蠢的，因为一个多星期后的约会计划往往会被忘记。主语it和consider是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词may后用be done形式。故填be considered。
127．考查动词语态。句意：在世界其他地区，可能太早和别人订好约会时间会被看成很愚蠢的事情，因为为一个多星期后的约会制定的计划往往会被忘记。此处是定语从句，that作主语，与make是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代先行词plans，是复数含义，be动词使用are。故填are made。
128．考查副词。句意：因此，来自时间观念不同文化背景的人们之间会产生误解。根据前一句“The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”可知，前后是因果关系，逗号前用thus“因此”。故填Thus。
129．考查动词语态。句意：在美国人生活中非常重视守时。主语Promptness和value是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是抽象名词，be动词使用is。故填 is valued。
130．考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
131．考查连词。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，前后表示选择，不准时被认为不礼貌或不完全负责任，应用连词or“或者”。故填or。
132．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，没有人会想到让生意伙伴等一个小时，因为这太不礼貌了。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth“让某人一直做某事”。故填waiting。
133．考查定语从句。句意：一个迟到五分钟的人会说几个词解释，虽然他可能不会说完这个句子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是person，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
134．to raise 135．launched 136．discussion
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是红山森林动物园推出的一项“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金的活动，引起人们的热议。
134．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在也有机会在动物园养一只可爱的动物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语修饰chance，修饰chance通常情况下使用不定式结构，即a chance to do sth意为“做某事的机会”，结合句意，此处表示的是主动意义。故填to raise。
135．考查谓语动词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。分析句子可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语Last month可知，应使用一般过去时态，根据句意可知，主语Hongshan Forest Zoo与提示词launch之间为主动关系，且主语是单数。故填launched。
136．考查名词。句意：上个月，红山森林动物园推出“象征认养”微信小程序筹集资金，在网上引发热议。根据空前heated为形容词可知，此处应填名词，并且前面有不定冠词a限制，所以填名词单数，discuss的名词是discussion。故填discussion。
137．led 138．where 139．are consumed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述科学家发现塑料微粒存在鲸鱼生活的地方。
137．考查非谓语。句意：斯坦福大学领导的研究探索了微塑料对鲸鱼的影响。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，A study和lead为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填led。
138．考查地点状语从句。句意：微塑料是长度小于5毫米的塑料片，现在经常在鲸鱼生活的地方发现。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句，且从句中缺地点状语，故应填where构成地点状语从句。故填where。
139．考查时态语态。句意：研究人员估计，每头鲸鱼每天消耗多达1000万片。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，10 million pieces 和consume为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般现在时。故填are consumed。
140．with 141．feeling 142．perfectly 143．which
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的经历告诉青少年18岁生活的真正感受，以及生活的意义。
140．考查介词。句意：在这里，我可以帮助你解决日常生活中的问题。结合句意表达“帮助某人某事”用help sb. with sth.。故填with。
141．考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得我在18岁时对生活既兴奋又恐惧。结合句意表达“记得做了某事”用remember doing，且逻辑主语I和feel之间是主动关系，因此用动名词作宾语。故填feeling。
142．考查副词。句意：这是很正常的感觉。修饰形容词normal应用副词perfectly，表示“非常”。故填perfectly。
143．考查定语从句。句意：有时候你会失败，会有痛苦的经历，这就是学习的过程，也是生活本身。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句所陈述的内容，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
144．being 145．which 146．finally
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。
144．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。此处位于介词for之后，应用动名词，作宾语。故填being。
145．考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the pet shop，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
146．考查副词。句意：在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性后，她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词，作状语。故填finally。
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