山东高考英语阅读理解专项训练

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阅读理解
The deep-sea oil and gas industry has vast and costly facilities to maintain. Wells, other equipment, and thousands of kilometers of pipelines must be inspected and repaired.
Now, cutting-edge underwater drones(无人机)and robots are being developed that could make the work safer and cheaper. Among them is Eelume, a six-meter-long, snake-like robot equipped with sensors and a camera at each end. It can be kept at a station at depths of up to half a kilometer for six months, without being brought back to the surface. The robot can travel up to 20 kilometers before needing to return to its station to recharge.
Maintenance work at many deep-water wells and pipeline systems is already carried out by unmanned vehicles. But these vehicles typically need to be transported to the offshore site on a fully crewed ship and then remotely operated from onboard the surface ship. That can cost up to $100,000 per day, according to Pål Liljebäck, chief technology officer with Eelume Subsea Intervention, which developed the robot. Liljebäck says that by “enabling the robot to become a subsea resident living at a station, it can be mobilized at any time to do inspections, thereby reducing the need for costly surface ships”.
Eelume can work autonomously on tasks assigned from a control room onshore, and send back video and data. Its snake-like design allows it to work in small spaces and wriggle(扭动)its body to stay in place in strong currents. By staying under the sea, it can carry out tasks whatever the conditions on the surface of the ocean.
The global underwater robotics market is expected to be worth around $7 billion in 2025, according to analysts, and other companies are in the process of commercializing new deep-sea drone and robot technology. Eelume Subsea Intervention will carry out final testing on the seabed later this year at the Åsgard oil and gas field. It expects to put its first snake robots into use next year and hopes to have up to 50 in oceans around the world by 2027.
1．What is one feature of Eelume?
A．It can travel nearly 40 kilometers before recharging. B．It can dive as deep as 1000 meters.
C．It works mainly around the station. D．It works for 6 months on one charge.
2．What is the problem with unmanned vehicles?
A．They are too costly to maintain.
B．They are hard to operate remotely.
C．They require transportation to and from work.
D．They have to work on a fully crewed ship all the time.
3．What can be expected of Eelume in the future?
A．It will require no further tests. B．It will be worth around $ 7 billion.
C．It will be put on the market in 2027. D．It will possibly face some competitors.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．A snake robot is on its way for underwater tasks.
B．Eelume is the new choice for constructing pipelines.
C．Maintenance work on the ocean floor is a risky job.
D．Unmanned vehicles are perfect choices for oil and gas industry.

Have you ever feel stuck?
Robert Susa helps you do up the power and creativity significantly with a few simple changes to your daily routine:
Go for a walk
Regular exercise helps improve thinking and memory retention. Taking a walk, a cardio class, or a long-distance run gives your brain a rest from work-related thoughts. It has a chance to be creative, which could help you fix the little problem you’ve been having with your invention idea.
Indulge in a hobby
A brain needs novelty and exercises to maintain its youthful functions. If your artistic abilities take over your mind for a few hours each week, perhaps an hour a day is enough to strength your brain.
Eat brain food
Like your body, your brain needs healthy and nutrient-rich foods to increase productivity. Food rich in flavonoids (黄酮类) can help you optimize your brain and assist with creating your produce or service and helping you remember the conversations and connections you have with other people, as well as those random middle-of-the-night thoughts that could prove useful later on.
Find time to clear your mind
If you’re having trouble concentrating or you’re stuck on a problem, take a little time to meditate. It can clear your mind and provide stress release, and let all worries and problems escape. It benefits your body as well.
Add any of these activities-or all four-to your daily routine, and it may help ignite a creative spark. Allowing your brain to change from its workaholic state and into a free-minded flow might be what you need to figure out your great idea.
5．When you feel stuck, you shouldn’t ________.
A．go for a walk B．find time to clear your mind
C．eat over-dose brain food D．indulge in a hobby
6．How can you find your great ideas when in trouble?
A．Taking a long time to meditate. B．Feeding your mind to the full.
C．Allowing your brain to its workaholic state. D．Relaxing yourself and providing stress release.
7．The following are the benefits to release stress except ________.
A．optimizing your brain B．increasing productivity
C．clearing your head of worries and problems D．letting your artistic abilities take over your mind all the time

Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the “dream bird that hatches the egg of experience”. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued. Viewing mindlessly through attention-grabbing posts and videos prevents “profound (深层的) boredom” that can drive people on to new passions or skills. Instead, people find themselves in a state of “superficial boredom”, which does not motivate creative thought.
Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said, “The problem we observed was that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time and energy, and may prevent people progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover new passions. Profound boredom may sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive if people are given the chance for undisturbed thinking and development.
Researchers interviewed 15 people during the pandemic (流行病), when boredom was more likely because of restrictions. Many described being trapped in regularly daily walks and watching television, with many turning to social media to pass the time. But although the participants said that social media provided a temporary escape from superficial boredom, it also appeared to exacerbate it, leaving them feeling they had wasted their time.
The pandemic was a painful and consuming experience for thousands of less fortunate people. But there are stories of those in lockdown who found new hobbies, careers or directions in life. Switching off devices could help people reach the state of boredom which pushes them on to new hobbies or achievements.
This research has given us a window to understand how the “always-on”, 24/7 culture and devices that promise an abundance of information and entertainment may be fixing our superficial boredom but are actually preventing us from finding more meaningful things.
8．Why are Walter Benjamin’s words mentioned?
A．To call for attention to the research on boredom.
B．To comment on the strategies to face loneliness.
C．To offer advice on developing creative thinking.
D．To clarify the problem caused by social media.
9．Which of the following may Dr Timothy Hill agree?
A．Profound boredom is of value.
B．Social media can fuel passions.
C．The research has some limitations.
D．Creative thought is easily disturbed.
10．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Avoid. B．Break.
C．Inspire. D．Worsen.
11．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why people enjoy boredom
B．How boredom helps kill time
C．Why being bored may be good for you
D．How social media blocks creative ideas

Researcher Ruijia Hu said wildlife habitat in crowded places like south went Ohio is becoming increasingly fragmented (分散) as forests give way to new construction. Eventually, this could make trouble to an animal with specific habitat needs like Ohio’n pileated (红冠) woodpecker.
Pileated woodpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds for their never-ending natural woodworking. They peck out holes in trees for their nests every year, creating lots of valuable homes for animals like fox squirrels and owls. “They make new nests every year. They won’t reuse old ones,” Hu said. “Other animals depend on them.”
Pileated woodpeckers are private birds that are more often heard than seen. Studying them can be especially difficult. So Hu turned to citizen science for help. To identify where woodpeckers have been seen, she used eight years of sightings collected by birders and logged into the website eBird, a free online tool and app that anyone can use to record their observations and locations. She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing data and found that corridors along rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly fragmented urban landscape.
“With fragmented forests, many habitats that were once suitable for wildlife are broken up,” Hu sa id. “Wildlife is unable to find habitat big enough to meet their survival needs. And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance between them can be too great. Wildlife corridors link up these habitat patches. Since wildlife can travel and migrate from one patch to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is higher.”
“There are so many species in urban areas that we don’t pay attention to, especially when they’re not considered vulnerable,” Hu said. “With development chipping away at more forest in this crowded county, the tipping point (临界点) could come quickly and unexpectedly. You can’t fix it overnight. It’s not just about planting more trees. The birds need mature forest, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their habitat. At least we can protect these riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.”
12．What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A．The magpie’s nest is occupied by the dove.
B．Birds abandon the old for the new easily.
C．Friendship really exists among animals.
D．One’s trash is another treasure.
13．What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．The effect of  Hu’s study on birds.
B．The process of  Hu’s  research.
C．The difficulty Hu had in his study.
D．The application of technology.
14．What role do wildlife corridors play for birds?
A．Helping them survive in the fragmented landscape.
B．Making them adjust to deadwood quickly.
C．Providing them with enough food for survival.
D．Ensuring them a stable and safe habitat.
15．What does Hu imply in the last paragraph?
A．One tree doesn’t make a forest.
B．Be wise after the event.
C．Prepare for a rainy day.
D．Take things as they come.

What is the 15-minute city? It’s the urban planning concept that everything city residents need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work, shopping, entertainment, restaurants, schools, parks and health care. Supporters argue that 15-minute cities are healthier for residents and the environment, creating united mini-communities, boosting local businesses, and encouraging people to get outside,walk, and cycle.
Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas, but Paris has become its poster child. Mayor Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel emissions. In 2015, Paris was 17th on the list of bike-friendly cities; by 2019, it was 8th. Car ownership, meanwhile, dropped from 60 percent of house holds in 2001 to 35 percent in 2019. The 15-minute city figured largely in Hidalgo’s successful 2020 re-election campaign. The idea has also gained support in the U.S.
It clearly won’t work everywhere: Not every city is as centralized and walkable as Paris. Some car-dominated cities like Los Angeles and Phoenix would be hard-pressed to provide everything people need within walking distance. In addition, some urban planners argue that the 15-minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income. Neighborhoods equipped with all the conveniences required by the 15-minute city also tend to have high housing costs and wealthier residents.
Despite some resistance, the basic principles behind the 15-minute city are influencing planning in cities around the world, including Melbourne, Barcelona, Buenos Aires, Singapore, and Shanghai. Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive every where. “In a city where services are always close by,” he says, “mobility is a choice: You go where you want because you want to, not because you have to. My fight is not against the car. My fight is how we could improve the quality of life.”
16．Which best describes the 15-minute city?
A．Modern. B．Convenient.
C．Entertaining. D．Smart.
17．What’s the original intention for Paris to advocate the 15-minute city?
A．To address climate issues. B．To beautify the city.
C．To promote the bike industry. D．To help Hidalgo get re-elected.
18．What’s some urban planners’ worry about the 15-minute city?
A．It slows the city’s expansion.
B．It represents a setback for society.
C．It may widen the gap between neighborhoods.
D．It can cause the specialization of neighborhoods.
19．What’s Jay Pitter’s attitude to the concept of 15-minute city?
A．Doubtful. B．Favorable.
C．Critical. D．Uninterested.

Thousands of years have passed since humans discovered silk, but scientists are still finding new uses for this remarkable material. Now researchers say it could help tackle a growing environmental and health concern: Micro-plastics.
Micro-plastics that are now found worldwide are increasingly recognized as a serious pollution threat, and have been found in the bloodstream of animals and people. Some of these micro plastics are intentionally added to a variety of products to generally protect some specific active components from being degraded by exposure to air. For example, vitamins are often delivered in the form of micro capsules packed into a pill or capsule,and herbicides(除草剂)are similarly enveloped. But the materials used today for such micro-encapsulation are plastics that stay in the environment for a long time. To date, there has been no practical, economical alternative available that would biodegrade naturally.
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and chemical company BASF developed a silk-based biodegradable alternative to these capsules.
Silk is recognized as safe for food or medical use, as it degrades naturally in the body. The silk protein used in the new alternative material is widely available and inexpensive and the silk fibers can simply be dissolved(溶解), lead researcher Benedetto Marelli says. Besides, the processing is so simple and tun-able that the resulting material can be adapted to work on existing manufacturing equipment.
Replacing non-biodegradable micro-capsules with silk might not work in every case,but given the current and future challenges related to food insecurity, agricultural production, and a changing climate, the silk-based material is of great importance. Products using silk-based micro-capsules are expected to be commercially available in a few years. And the researchers will next try encapsulating active components that could require a different manufacturing approach, such as those that must remain in liquid or gas forms.
20．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Removing plastic pollution is a piece of cake.
B．Micro-plastics can degrade quickly and naturally.
C．Micro-plastics have become a severe pollution threat.
D．Developing an alternative for micro-plastics is urgent.
21．What’s the major concern of researchers choosing silk as an alternative?
A．It is economical. B．It is biodegradable.
C．It is widely available. D．It is skin-friendly.
22．What’s the last paragraph mainly about concerning the silk-based material?
A．Its promising future. B．Its marketing method.
C．Its existing limitations. D．Its making approach.
23．In which part of a magazine can the passage probably be found?
A．Climate. B．Agriculture.
C．Technology Advances. D．Health Guidelines.

A Day Out at the City FarmCome and join us for a day of fun! Get in touch with nature and learn about the importance of growing our own food. Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey!
Date:28 May 2023 (Sunday) Time:8 a.m. to 5 p.m.Venue: City Farm
GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. or 3 p.m.
Free registration (registration ends 5 minutes before tour starts)
Our friendly guide will share interesting facts about some common local plants and their uses. You will have an opportunity to touch, smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits. Our guide will also highlight some farming methods that are environmentally friendly.
WORKSHOPS


24．What can a visitor enjoy during the guided tour?
A．Trying out new farming methods.
B．Tasting some vegetables and fruits.
C．Visiting the farm without registration.
D．Sharing knowledge of plants with the locals.
25．How much need a couple with one child pay for My Miniature Garden?
A．$40. B．$55. C．$65. D．$80.
26．What is the main purpose of the event?
A．To instruct visitors to prepare gifts.
B．To advocate the protection of the farm plants.
C．To publicize the sale of organic produce.
D．To encourage people to grow their own food.

Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album (唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2,000 fluent speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year.
The album, tilted DOAP oaV and pronounced ‘Ah’ ‘Nuh’ ‘Duh’ ‘Nah’ ‘Lees’ ‘Gi’, means “Performers” in English. It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. With a planned release date of Labor Day weekend, the record company is using the platform of the National Cherokee Holiday to give this album as much exposure as possible.
Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the “music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. Featuring 12 Cherokee artists ranging from ages 14 to 50, you can see how this album is going to do a lot for the promotion of Cherokee music and can inspire people of any age to make music that connects with their heritage (遗产).
The youngest contributor on the album, Lillian Charles, is only in 8th grade but had a major contribution to the Goth-pop song  “Circus”—a song she wrote at the age of 12. It originally written in English, she worked with translators Bobbie Smith and Kathy Sierra to be able to fully express herself in Cherokee.
Projects like the DOOAP oaV album bring a modern approach to revitalizing language and culture and encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language. On average, a native language is lost forever every two weeks, and these people want to make sure that the Cherokee language isn’t one of them.
27．What can we learn about the album from paragraph 2?
A．It has various musical styles.
B．It is titled Performers in English.
C．It sings high praise of Labor Day.
D．It was exposed to the public by chance.
28．What’s Jeremy Charles’s expectation of the album?
A．It will make a huge profit for the record company.
B．It can help the 12 artists rise to fame overnight.
C．It will satisfy the fans’ demand for pop music.
D．It can fuel the youth’s interest in Cherokee language.
29．Which can best replace the underlined word “revitalizing” in the last paragraph?
A．Translating. B．Reviewing. C．Restoring. D．Creating.
30．What’s the best title of the text?
A．Alarming! The Cherokee Language is Dying
B．Amazing! An 8th Grader is Releasing an Album
C．Bringing Music to Life with Modern Technology
D．Preserving a Language Through the Power of Music

Invasive Species Management
Placencia, Belize
Make a difference by removing lion-fish, an invasive species destroying reef ecosystems of the Caribbean. Learn to dive while removing lion-fish. Each week/day will differ but you will be participating in the following areas; Removing Invasive Lion-fish. Whale Shark Observation(if spotted). Biodiversity Identification Dive. Beach Clean-ups.
Marine Research Expedition
Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy
You will join an international crew aboard a sailboat to work for the protection of our seas.  And you will learn to collect data, organize and enjoy the sea at its best! Experience the sailing life in one of the world’s best spots for Water sports. Gain experience in Marine Research in the field(Under water).Get close up to dolphins and whales in the wild.
Wildlife Supporter
Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Volunteer at a Game Reserve that hosts the Big 5 and support the local staff in monitoring the animals. Work up close with the famous Big 5! Join our reserve for orphaned and injured non dangerous animals. Make a difference in the rescue, rehabilitation (康复) and release of wildlife giving them a second chance at being free and wild again.
Climate and Environmentalist Supporter
Hanga Roa, Chile
Be a volunteer on the amazing Easter Island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean and get  involved in climate and nature protection. Responsibilities include: Teamwork in the climate protection program, Collection of plant seeds, Control of seed settlement on the plantation, Conservation of native seeds and plants, Reforestation work.
31．What activity will volunteers do depending on good luck?
A．Clean dolphins stuck on the beach. B．Dive under water to see lion-fish.
C．Collect data on a marine animal. D．Monitor whale sharks carefully.
32．What is Tyrrhenian Sea famous for?
A．Its marine life in deep water. B．Its perfect place for sailing.
C．Its wild dolphins and whales. D．Its best spot for marine researches.
33．Which activity is suitable for volunteers with medical experiences?
A．Wildlife Supporter. B．Marine Research Expedition.
C．Invasive Species Management. D．Climate and Environmentalist Supporter.

Have you ever fancied a tennis lesson from one of the world’s greatest tennis players at your local court?
This dream came true for two young players, who got to train with 20-year-old superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hologram (全息图) -a photographic recording of the image. While Sam Clague,14, and T’nae Diamond Paisley, 12, were both in London, the British number one was in Abu Dhabi.
During the world’s first holographic lesson, Ms Raducanu’s avatar (头像) appeared to feed balls to the players  and  gave  live  feedback  on their  shots, like  ‘that was  fast and there was lots of topspin on that’. Even Sam said he thought she had been prerecorded at first until she spoke with him directly.
Their holographic training session offers a glimpse into how advancing technology could revolutionize tennis coaching, according to Dr Ian Pearson.
Dr Pearson thinks that mixed reality headsets will soon allow tennis players to feel they are playing in unusual virtual environments, like on a space station or the middle of a lake. Through 5G, the future of tennis will see increased interaction between real life tennis courts and the rich imagination we see in computer games - playing whenever, wherever and whoever you want.
Full sensory virtual reality could even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shoes in real time. Dr Pearson said: “By 2030, with active skin technology, the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured, so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.”
Finally, sportswear made from smart materials could allow for a digital coach powered by artificial intelligence(AI) to provide feedback on a player’s form. Dr Pearson said: “Al- controlled suits made from smart materials, such as fabrics with sensors, can help players find  the perfect stroke when hitting or returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memory of a flawless forehand. Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches, new players can develop and learn much more quickly.”
34．What did Ms Raducanu do in the first holographic lesson?
A．Give players a real time guidance.
B．Require players to follow her shots.
C．Record coaching contents in advance.
D．Analyze techniques through the hologram.
35．What can full sensory virtual reality make viewers do?
A．Increase their imagination of sports.
B．Take the place of top level players.
C．Experience the feeling of players on the spot.
D．Have a sense of playing in an unusual place.
36．What’s Dr Pearson’s attitude towards virtual AI coaches?
A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Cautious. D．Favorable.
37．What might be the best title for the text?
A．The future of coaching.
B．The threat from AI to coaches.
C．The first live coaching online、
D．The appearance of digital coaches.

William Dunn is the founder of Take a Kid Fishing, Inc, a nonprofit organization in Lakeland, Florida, which teaches poor and fatherless kids through the sport of fishing.
A dozen years ago, inspired by his six-year-old fatherless neighbor, Cam ran, who got angry and shouted at his mom, William asked Cam ran’s mom for permission to take Cam ran fishing. Cam ran was “hooked” from that first trip. The two fished together several times a week, and William saw positive changes in Cam ran’s behavior. “That’s when I realized that I had the duty to help fatherless kids,” he says.
On weekends, William and a few other volunteers take 20 to 25 kids out fishing on a rental boat, which was supported by the captain of the Double Eagle. Many have never been fishing or even on a boat, so William—or Big Will, as the kids call him — starts by teaching the basics. Then come the life lessons that fishing offers: patience, teamwork and the simple joy of relaxing in the outdoors. Take a Kid Fishing, Inc. has taken more than 600 fishing trips with almost 2,000 kids who don’t have a father in their lives.
He wants to share his love of fishing with kids who don’t have a father to take them. “I just want to show them that I care about them, that I’m there for them,” he says. Because many kids go on multiple trips, William is able to build relationships with them. He and Cam ran, now 20, still regularly fish together, and Camran sees Big Will as a father figure.
Take a Kid Fishing, Inc., has a huge impact, but it started because William wanted to help one kid. Do you know a child who might benefit from your friendship? Introduce them to fishing or another hobby you enjoy. You can make a great difference to their life.
38．What inspired William Dunn to found Take a Kid Fishing, Inc.?
A．Kids’ passion for fishing. B．Positive changes of a fatherless neighbor.
C．Unfortunate experiences of fatherless kids. D．Behavior of other volunteers to help fatherless kids.
39．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Many kids expected fishing experiences. B．Few kids participated in the fishing trips.
C．The organization taught more than basic skills. D．The fishing boat was offered by other volunteers.
40．We do we know about William Dunn from the text?
A．He is an experienced captain. B．He thinks company matters in kids’ lives.
C．He had an unhappy childhood as a fatherless kid. D．He wanted to raise money for the fatherless kids.
41．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Fishing Changes Fatherless Kids’ Life B．Friendship Has a Great Impact on Kids
C．Fishing Offers Kids the Joy of Relaxing D．The Love of Fishing Bonds Family Together

Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.
Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild，yet provide grazing(牧草)for domestic animals, and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.
Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne’s ground plum(李子)，native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.
The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.
In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of those changes. In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.
That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.
42．What is Dr. Sax’s study aimed to do?
A．Kecp track of introduced species.
B．Get introduced species fully understood.
C．Compare opinions on introduced species.
D．Identify consequences of introducing species.
43．Why was Pyne’s ground plum transplanted to other places?
A．To provide graze for local animals.
B．To produce wood for construction.
C．To build a new local ecosystem.
D．To save local species from dying out.
44．How do local people react to the introduction of ring-necked parakeets?
A．They don’t care about it.
B．They consider it acceptable.
C．They can’t put up with it.
D．They hold divided opinions on it.
45．What does Dr. Sax suggest to the future researchers?
A．Focusing on main values.
B．Evaluating evident changes.
C．Analyzing previous researches.
D．Presenting all-round assessments.

A new study shows girls and boys as young as seven have the choice of jobs with gender differences. Girls choose jobs based on care and love, while boys choose jobs based on money and power.
Professor Laura Scholes and Dr Sarah McDonald surveyed 332 Year 3 students from 14 Australian schools. They found that the top professions for boys included sports and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) related jobs, while girls, on the other hand, wanted to be teachers or nurses.
Professor Scholes said the influence of gender stereotypes (刻板印象) on such choices begins in early childhood. “Bright pink toys for girls and blue toys for boys are sold on store shelves around the world.” she said, “In the boys’ section, you’ll find science, construction and warfare toys—perhaps a robot or a telescope. In the girls’ section, you’ll see toys related to cleaning, dolls, kitchens, makeup, jewellery and crafts.”
“This results in lower numbers of girls taking STEM subjects at school. In turn, this means fewer women are going to work in the sciences.” Professor Scholes’s comments came as women make up only 2 percent of the STEM workforce, with the biggest gap in the highest-paid jobs of computer science and engineering.
In Australia, some brands are no longer targeting boys or girls with their toys. Danish toy giant Lego last week announced that they would remove gender stereotypes from their toys, after a global study found that 71 percent of boys feared being made fun of for playing with toys marketed at girls. Lego said its products were mainly used by boys, but it promised to work to remove gender preference from its toys and instead market them for both genders.
46．Which of the following jobs do the boys tend to choose?
A．Programmers B．Teachers C．Nurses D．Dressers
47．Why do fewer girls choose STEM subjects according to Professor Scholes?
A．Because of the influence of gender stereotypes.
B．Because of their desire to be teachers or nurses.
C．Because of their hobbies based on care and love.
D．Because the jobs concerned with sciences are low-paid.
48．What did some brands do in Australia?
A．Advertise their products for boys.
B．Advertise their products for both genders.
C．Target boys or girls with their products.
D．Using gender stereotypes from their toys.
49．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Fewer girls choose STEM subjects
B．Clever children love STEM subjects
C．Brands target children with their toys based on gender
D．Gender differences affect job choosing for children

World’s Best Places to Visit
With a world full of fascinating destinations, choosing the perfect vacation spot can present a challenge. Use these recommendations to craft your travel list.
South Island
New Zealand’s South Is landfills with impressive landscapes at every turn, from dramatic mountains to grand channels. Here, you can admire the mountains of Fiordland National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, from hiking trails or a boat on Milford Sound. Besides, journey to the University of Canterbury’s Mount John Observatory to stare up at the starry skies at night.
Paris
The magnetic City of Light draws visitors from around the globe who come to see iconic attractions like the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre and the Arc de Triomphe. But what travelers really fall in love with are the city’s old-fashioned cafes, dynamic markets, and trendy shopping districts. Get lost wandering along the charming cobblestone streets, or relax on the banks of the Seine for hours.
Maui
Whether you’re driving along the Road to Hana, enjoying a bird’s-eye view of Maui’s long coastline from a helicopter, diving with sea turtles or simply relaxing on white or black sand beaches, you’ll find that this Hawaiian island is unlike any other tropical (热带的) destination. You should also attend a feast for local culture and a taste of Hawaiian specialties like poi, poke and mahimahi.
Bora Bora
Here, you’ll find charming beaches, thick jungles and luxurious resorts. The island’s extinct volcano, Mount Otemanu, makes for a great photo opportunity or challenging hike, and the friendly Bora Bora local scan help you catch the island’s best sights. To relax, head to Matira Beach for clear water and soft whites and. Although a trip to Bora Bora is very expensive, most travelers say it’s worth every penny.
50．Which place will be preferred by astronomy fans?
A．Paris. B．Maui. C．Bora Bora. D．South Island.
51．What can visitors do at Maui?
A．Enjoy local food. B．Drive along the coastline.
C．Go hiking around the island. D．Walk through shopping districts.
52．What do we know about Bora Bora?
A．Most of its locals serve as guides. B．It is a beach with fantastic scenery.
C．There are hiking trails in the jungles. D．It is appealing despite the costly trip.

Researchers in Singapore have developed an electronic material that helps robots sense and touch nearby objects.
The material is a kind of foam: a solid substance that is filled with air and is soft. And the foam has another useful quality. It repairs itself when damaged, much like human skin. The material is called AiFoam, which is short for artificially innervated foam. To innervate means to supply with nerves. In robots, AiFoam would gather information from nearby and send it to a computer controlling the robot. AiFoam is a stretchy polymer (聚合物) combined with a mixture that lowers surface tension. This means that if you cut the material, it can return easily into one piece.
To copy the human sense of touch, the researchers mixed microscopic pieces of metal into the material. Then they added very small electrical connections beneath the surface of the foam.
Benjamin Tee, a lead researcher on the new material at the National University of Singapore, said that when there is pressure on the material, the metal particles (颗粒) get closer. The movement changes their electrical properties. The electrical connections sense these changes and send information about them to a computer, which then tells the robot what to do.
“When I move my finger near the sensor, you can see the sensor is measuring the changes of my electrical field and responds accordingly to my touch,” he said. The robotic hand senses not only the amount but also the direction of the force placed on it. That could make robots more intelligent and responsive.
Tee said AiFoam is the first material of its kind to combine self-repairing properties with nearness and pressure sensing. After spending over two years developing it, Tee and his team hope the material can be put to use within five years.
53．What is one feature of AiFoam?
A．It is made out of air. B．It is a low-cost material.
C．It has self-repairing ability. D．It can replace human skin.
54．How does the author develop paragraph 2?
A．By giving instructions. B．By listing examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By offering explanations.
55．Which of the following gives orders to the robot?
A．Benjamin Tee. B．The researcher.
C．The sensor. D．The computer.
56．What can we learn about AiFoam from the last two paragraphs?
A．It can measure the shape of your finger.
B．It can change the direction of the force.
C．It will come onto the market in the near future.
D．It makes robots more sensitive than human beings.

Crossing Phoenix, Arizona, are 180 miles of canals. In 1867, the city’s founding father, Jack Swilling saw the remains of irrigation (灌溉) channels wandering across the landscape. He realized that, centuries before, some society had farmed this desert. Soon after, Swilling began clearing the blocked canals to bring agriculture back to the region.
Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals. “A great race once lived here and another great race will live here in the future,” he considered. “I predict that a new city will spring, phoenix-like, from the ruins and ashes of the old.”
Gary Huckleberry, a researcher, said, “In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it’s over distributed. We’ve got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that? I think there’s something to be learned by looking at past societies who managed water for thousands of years.”
That great society was the Hohokam. Between 100 and 1450 AD, they constructed 1,000 miles of canals. As the Hohokam expanded their network, they constantly repaired, cleaned and diverted the canals. “It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it,” Henderson, a scientist, said. “Users would have to agree to certain conditions to keep the entire system going.” The Hohokam committed to sharing water and put themselves on timetables.
The Hohokam used canal irrigation for 3,000 years. “That, to me, is the definition of sustainable development,” Huckleberry said. “They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble. I think one of the key lessons is that you don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”
57．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The reconstruction of canals. B．The origin of the city’s name Phoenix.
C．The discovery of the irrigation channels. D．The agricultural development in the settlement.
58．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The source of water. B．The climate change.
C．The population growth. D．The over-distribution of water.
59．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam?
A．They were expert in farming. B．They were poor at time management.
C．They had a strong sense of team spirit. D．They fought for their rights to use water.
60．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with?
A．Canal irrigation is out of date. B．Sustainable development matters.
C．Farming can solve current trouble. D．The loss of soils is worse than before.

At a hotel, surrounded by teammates, he got the email. “Dear Spencer Heslop.” it read, “you have been invited to participate in the Selection Camp for the US Men’s National Team for 2022.”
The recent graduate from University of Michigan School of Public Health, dreamed of the opportunity to play for the United States since he was seven years old. After he developed a disease that often results in damage to the spinal cord (脊髓) and nerves, Heslop’s parents pushed him to try wheelchair basketball.
By high school, Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a competitive basketball team. The experience opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports, which became his favorite. While he was never the biggest or strongest player, Heslop had a feel for the game and a desire to take it further. Faced with many challenges, he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.
“As I applied to graduate school, I knew I would play wherever I was planning to go,” Heslop said. “University of Michigan was near the top of my list academically. I also heard that they were trying to get an adaptive sports program going, and that helped me make my choice.” University of Michigan Adaptive Sports and Fitness was formed in 2018 to address the inequitable access to physical activity opportunities, competitive and recreational, for students with disabilities at University of Michigan.
Since Heslop joined the program in 2020, University of Michigan’s wheelchair basketball team became part of the NWBA’s Division Ⅱ. After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at the NWBA Nationals in April 2022, Heslop participated in the US Men’s National Team Selection Camp where he fought against 30 of the nation to athletes and made the final twelve-man roster. This gave the recently graduated young man a better shot at his ultimate goal: playing for his country in the Paralympic Games.
61．What helped Heslop develop his passion for adaptive sports?
A．The unexpected disease at seven.
B．The email he received at a hotel.
C．The University of Michigan he dreamed of.
D．The experience in a wheelchair basketball team.
62．Why did Heslop choose University of Michigan?
A．He accepted a large sum of scholarship.
B．He could join his favorite sports program.
C．He was promised a chance to play for the country.
D．He was invited to set up Adaptive Sports and Fitness.
63．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?
A．Heslop’s achievements. B．Heslop’s ultimate goal.
C．Heslop’s superior leadership. D．Heslop’s bright future.
64．Which can best describe Heslop?
A．Generous. B．Reliable. C．Creative. D．Determined.

Nostalgia (怀旧) has become increasingly common in the current accelerated, unexpected changes. More and more Americans are turning back with longing to what feels like simpler, sweeter times. They collect cassette tapes, manual typewriters, even decades-old video games.
Is it a mistake to miss the past? Some psychologists warn that too much devotion to the so-called good old days is an escape from reality; it suggests loneliness or that a person is having a difficult time coping in the present. Psychologist Stephanie Coontz argues that nostalgia distracts us from addressing the problems of modern life and contributes to anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, etc.
But new studies suggest that a modest amount of nostalgia is not only harmless, but actually beneficial. They suggest it helps strengthen our sense of identity and makes us feel more optimistic and inspired. It is also a tool for self-discovery and memories are a psychological response when you want to take a break from negativity. Recalling our childhood reminds us of “the times when we were accepted and loved unconditionally,” says Krystine Batcho, a psychologist. “That is such a powerful comfort, knowing that there was a time in life when we didn’t have to earn our love.” Nostalgia can turn even the most ordinary past into legends which warms the heart and the body. Let’s not forget that nostalgia has been a source of inspiration to countless American writers. Mark Twain recalled his boyhood, writing, “After all these years, I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then.”
So go ahead, daydream a little about your best childhood friend, a long-gone family pet, etc. As Dr. Sedikides says, “Nostalgia is absolutely central to human experience.” But at the same time, keep these words of wisdom from the great inventor Charles Kettering in mind as well: “You can’t have a better tomorrow if you are thinking about yesterday all the time.”
65．How is nostalgia viewed by the psychologists in Paragraph 2?
A．It might leave a person in low spirits.
B．It suggests loneliness suffered in the past.
C．It saves people from dull reality temporarily.
D．It helps to solve the problems in modern life.
66．What aspect of nostalgia is discussed in Paragraph 3?
A．Its reasons. B．Its benefits.
C．Its side effects. D．Its working principles.
67．Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the passage?
A．He had a strong sense of identity.
B．He took pictures of the good old days.
C．He is an example of being obsessed with the past
D．He drew inspiration from nostalgia for his works.
68．What is the author’s attitude towards nostalgia?
A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Indifferent,

A recent report revealed that, in the US alone, 27 million tons of plastic ended up in landfills in 2018, but only 3.1 millon tons were recycled. Wordwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled. The statistics are even worse for certain types of plastic. For example, out of 80,000 tons of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) containers generated in the United States, only a small amount (less than 5,000 tons) was recycled.
Now, researchers at The University of Queensland and have found a species of wom with an appetite for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling on a mass scale. The superworm can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme (酶) in their gut. To study how superworms react to purely plastic food, researchers broke up l35 of the creatures into three teams: one was fed only wheat bran(麸皮), another was fed only plastics, and the third was given nothing.
“We found the bran-fed worms have been significantly healthier than the plastic-fed or starved worms, more than doubling their weight over the three weeks they have been monitored. Though the plastic-fed worms made less impressive gains, they still put on more weight than the starved worms,” Dr. Rinke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from plastics, most likely with the help of their gut microbes.”
Researchers used a technique called me a genomics to find several encoded enzymes with the ability to degrade polystyrene. The long-term goal is to engineer enzymes to degrade plastic waste in recycling plants.
“Super worms are like mini recycling plants, eating the polystyrene and then feeding it to the bacteria in their gut” Dr. Rinke said. It’s hoped this bio-up cycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills. Researchers said they aim to grow the gut bacteria in the lab and further test its ability to degrade polystyrene. Then they can look into how to upscale this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant
69．What problem do the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate?
A．Landfills are poorly managed.
B．It takes a long time for plastic waste to break up.
C．Many plastic containers are of poor quality.
D．Plastics are recycle data very low rate.
70．How do researchers conduct the study on super worms?
A．By collecting data. B．By introducing a concept.
C．By making a comparison. D．By refering to a previous study.
71．What does the underlined word “degrade” in the fourth pargraph most probably mean?
A．consume B．breakdown C．throwaway D．regulate
72．What do researchers plan to do?
A．Conduct experiments on other worm species.
B．Improve gut bacteria’s ability to degrade plastics.
C．Apply the bio-up cycling technology to recycling plants.
D．Raise super worms on a mass scale to solve plastic pollution.

Mothers are often struggling to meet their kids’ daily needs and to keep up with their own work. Here we’ve chosen the best self-care gifs to help moms relax and stop their busy life for a while.
Summer Vista Yoga Mat
The head-clearing benefits of yoga can be strengthened with the use of a beautiful mat. This lovely yoga mat is characterized of an image of a mountain sunset, putting moms in harmony with nature from the comfort of the living room. The experience can enable moms to be energetic and feel peaceful.
Bose Quiet Comfort Earbuds
A pair of noise-canceling earbuds is a gift that every mother can make use of. Unlike large headphones, these small buds are easy to carry. They can be used both outdoors and indoors, including the bathroom.
Brother Vellies Cloud Socks
These socks will have your mom feeling as if she’s walking on cloud all day long. Made of cotton, the Cloud Socks come in a variety of colors, like pink, blue, yellow, and more. If you buy her the purple pair, you can provide money for the company’s food donation program in Kenya.
Theragun Prime Massage (按摩) Gun
With rapid taps on different pats of the body, the Theragun improves blood flow and reduces pain. And unlike other old ones, the Prime model does so without any loud noise, which is perfect for moms looking for relaxation and quiet.
73．What is special about Summer Vista Yoga Mat?
A．It is made from some natural materials. B．It can be used even in the bathroom.
C．It is convenient to be taken outside. D．It has an image of natural views.
74．Which of the following would you choose if you want to do something for charity?
A．Summer Vista Yoga Mat. B．Bose Quiet Comfort Earbuds.
C．Brother Vellies Cloud Socks. D．Theragun Prime Massage Gun.
75．Which aspect is improved about Theragun Prime Massage Gun?
A．Its noise is properly lowered. B．The price is more affordable.
C．The use of electricity is reduced. D．Its strength is greatly increased.


参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍研究人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和天然气开采设备的维护。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“It can be kept at a station at depths of up to half a kilometer for six months, without being brought back to the surface. The robot can travel up to 20 kilometers before needing to return to its station to recharge. (它可以在深度达半公里的站点保留六个月，而不用被带回地面。该机器人可以行驶20公里，然后需要返回站点充电)”可知，它在再次充电前可以运行大约40公里。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But these vehicles typically need to be transported to the offshore site on a fully crewed ship and then remotely operated from onboard the surface ship. (但这些工具通常需要用一艘满载船员的船运输到海上现场，然后在海面舰艇上远程操作)”可知，这些无人设备需要被运送到作业现场。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and other companies are in the process of commercializing new deep-sea drone and robot technology. (其他公司正在将新的深海无人机和机器人技术商业化)”推知，Eelume将面临很多的竞争对手。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Now, cutting-edge underwater drones (无人机) and robots are being developed that could make the work safer and cheaper. Among them is Eelume, a six-meter-long, snake-like robot equipped with sensors and a camera at each end. (现在，尖端的水下无人机和机器人的开发可以使工作更安全、更便宜。其中包括六米长的蛇形机器人Eelume，它的两端都装有传感器和摄像头)”可知，本文介绍研究人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和天然气开采设备的维护，即一款在水下执行任务的蛇形机器人。故选A。
5．C 6．D 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了遇到困境时，可以释放压力并让大脑重新产生新想法的四种方法。
5．细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Go for a walk (去散步)”、“Indulge in a hobby (沉溺于一种爱好)”、“Eat brain food (吃健脑食物)”以及“Find time to clear your mind (找时间理清思绪)”可知，当你遇到困境时，你可以去散步、沉溺于一种爱好、吃健脑食物和找时间理清思路，吃过量的健脑食物与原文表述不符，文中表达的是遇到困境时，你应该吃健脑食物而不应该吃过量的健脑食物。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据Find time to clear your mind部分“If you’re having trouble concentrating or you’re stuck on a problem, take a little time to meditate. It can clear your mind and provide stress release.(如果你很难集中注意力或者被某个问题困住了，花点时间冥想一下。它可以让你头脑清醒，释放压力)”可知，当处于困境中时，你可以花点时间冥想一下，它会让你头脑清醒、释放压力，想到好点子。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据Indulge in a hobby部分“If your artistic abilities take over your mind for a few hours each week, perhaps an hour a day is enough to strength your brain.(如果你的艺术能力每周占据你的头脑几个小时，也许一天一个小时就足以增强你的大脑了)”可知，让你的艺术能力每天占据大脑一个小时就足以增强大脑了，此处介绍了释放压力的方式，而不是释放压力的益处，且“一直让你的艺术能力占据大脑”与原文意义不符。故选D。
8．A 9．A 10．D 11．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。社交媒体扼杀了由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想，通过研究分析其原因发现：深度无聊能激发创造性思维，使人们去追求新的激情或技能。所以处于无聊的状态对于我们是一件好事。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the ‘dream bird that hatches the egg of experience’. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued.  (德国哲学家沃尔特•本雅明曾指出，无聊是‘孵出经验之蛋的梦想之鸟’。然而，研究人员认为，通常由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想正在被社交媒体扼杀。)”可知，在文章开头提到本雅明的话是为了引出关于“boredom”的话题，引起读者对相关研究的关注。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr Timothy Hill, leader of the research team at the University of Bath, said, ‘The problem we observed was that social media can ease superficial boredom. But that also consumes time and energy, and may prevent people progressing to a state of profound boredom, where they might discover new passions. Profound boredom may sound like a negative concept but, in fact, it can be intensely positive if people are given the chance for undisturbed thinking and development.’ (巴斯大学研究小组的负责人蒂莫西·希尔博士说：‘我们观察到的问题是，社交媒体可以缓解表面上的无聊。但这也会消耗时间和精力，并可能阻止人们进入一种深层无聊的状态，在那里他们可能会发现新的激情。深层无聊听起来像是一个消极的概念，但事实上，如果人们有机会不受干扰地思考和发展，它可能是非常积极的。’)”可知，Dr Timothy Hill认为：沉迷再社交媒体使人看似不再无聊，实则使人失去了进入深层无聊的状态的机会，而深层无聊可能会使人发现新的激情。由此推知，他会赞同“深层无聊是有价值的”这一观点。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But although the participants said that social media provided a temporary escape from superficial boredom, it also appeared to exacerbate it, leaving them feeling they had wasted their time. (但是，尽管参与者表示，社交媒体让他们暂时摆脱了表面上的无聊，但它似乎也exacerbate了这种无聊，让他们觉得自己在浪费时间。)”可知，上半句表示：社交媒体让他们暂时摆脱了表面上的无聊，但是没有真正摆脱无聊，所以反而会使这个现象更严重，worsen与exacerbate意思相近，故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Walter Benjamin, the German philosopher, once noted that boredom was the ‘dream bird that hatches the egg of experience’. However, the creative flights of fancy which often arise from having little to do are being killed off by social media, researchers argued. (德国哲学家沃尔特•本雅明曾指出，无聊是‘孵出经验之蛋的梦想之鸟’。研究人员认为，通常由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想正在被社交媒体扼杀。盲目地浏览吸引眼球的帖子和视频可以防止‘深度无聊’，而这种无聊会驱使人们去追求新的激情或技能)”和最后一段“This research has given us a window to understand how the ‘always-on’, 24/7 culture and devices that promise an abundance of information and entertainment may be fixing our superficial boredom but are actually preventing us from finding more meaningful things. (这项研究为我们提供了一个窗口，让我们了解‘全天候’的文化和承诺提供丰富信息和娱乐的设备如何解决我们表面上的无聊，但实际上却阻止我们找到更有意义的事情。)”可知，本文介绍了一个针对“无聊”进行的研究，分析了其中原因，发现：深度无聊能激发创造性思维，使人们去追求新的激情或技能，所以处于无聊的状态，对于我们是一件好事，但是社交媒体扼杀了由于无事可做而产生的创造性幻想，故D项“社交媒体是如何阻碍创意的”适合做文章的标题。故选D项。
12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C

【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了随着森林被新的建筑所取代，野生动物栖息地正变得越来越分散，最终，这可能会给有特定栖息地需求的动物带来麻烦，比如俄亥俄州的红冠啄木鸟。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“They peck out holes in trees for their nests every year,creating lots of valuable homes for animals like fox squirrels and owls. “They make new nests every year.  They won’t reuse old ones,” Hu said.  “Other animals depend on them.” (它们每年都在树上啄洞筑巢，为狐狸、松鼠和猫头鹰等动物创造了许多宝贵的家园。“它们每年都筑巢。他们不会重复使用旧的。”“其他动物依赖它们。”)”可知，红冠啄木鸟每年都在树上啄洞筑巢，但它们不会重复使用旧的，可以被其他动物利用，所以可推出D项“One’s trash is another treasure. (一个人的垃圾是另一个人财富)”。故选D项。
13．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Pileated woodpeckers are private birds that are more often heard than seen.  Studying them can be especially difficult.  So Hu turned to citizen science for help.  To identify where woodpeckers have been seen, she used eight years of sightings collected by birders and logged into the website eBird, a free online tool and app that anyone can use to record their observations and locations.  She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing data and found that corridors along rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly fragmented urban landscape. (红冠啄木鸟是一种私人鸟类，经常听到的声音比看到的要多。研究它们尤其困难。因此，胡向公民科学寻求帮助。为了确定啄木鸟出现的地点，她使用了8年来观鸟者收集的观测数据，并登录了eBird网站，这是一个免费的在线工具和应用程序，任何人都可以使用它来记录自己的观察结果和位置。她将这些观测结果与遥感数据叠加在一起，发现河流和小溪沿岸有大量成熟树木和枯木的走廊有助于鸟类适应日益分散的城市景观)”可知，本段主要讲述了胡的研究过程。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Wildlife is unable to find habitat big enough to meet their survival needs.  And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance between them can be too great.  Wildlife corridors link up these habitat patches.  Since wildlife can travel and migrate from one patch to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is higher. (野生动物无法找到足够大的栖息地来满足它们的生存需求。即使有合适的栖息地，它们之间的距离也可能太大。野生动物走廊连接着这些栖息地。由于野生动物可以从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方，所以找到食物和住所的可能性更高)”可知，野生动物走廊帮助动物在支离破碎的环境中生存。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There are so many species in urban areas that we don’t pay attention to, especially when they’re not considered vulnerable,” Hu said. “With development chipping away at more forest in this crowded county, the tipping point could come quickly and unexpectedly.  You can’t fix it overnight.  It’s not just about planting more trees.  The birds need mature forest, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their habitat.  At least we can protect these riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.” (他说：“城市地区有很多物种我们都没有注意到，尤其是当它们不被认为是脆弱的时候。在这个人口稠密的县里，随着发展对更多森林的蚕食，临界点可能会迅速而意外地到来。你不可能一夜之间修好它。这不仅仅是种更多的树。这些鸟需要成熟的森林，所以可能需要30到50年的时间来取代它们的栖息地。至少我们可以保护这些河边的森林走廊，并看到现有的树木成熟。”)”可知，此处胡暗示，我们不能等问题出现了才去采取行动，那样就太晚了，我们需要未雨绸缪。故选C项。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便。文章主要介绍了15分钟城市的理念的起源以及人们对该理念的不同观点。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段中“What is the 15-minute city? It’s the urban planning concept that everything city residents need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work, shopping, entertainment, restaurants, schools, parks and health care.(什么是15分钟城市？城市规划的理念是，城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟)”可知，15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便，由此可推知，B项“Convenient(便利的)”这个词最能描述出15分钟城市的特点，故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas, but Paris has become its poster child. Mayor Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel emissions. (欧洲许多城市都提供了类似的理念，但巴黎已成为其典型代表。市长Anne Hidalgo试图通过减少令人窒息的街道交通和燃料排放来应对气候变化)”可知，巴黎倡导15分钟城市的初衷是解决气候问题，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition, some urban planners argue that the 15-minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income. Neighborhoods equipped with all the conveniences required by the 15-minute city also tend to have high housing costs and wealthier residents.(此外，一些城市规划者认为，15分钟的城市可以加大社区的收入差距。拥有这个15分钟城市所需要的所有便利设施的社区往往住房成本较高，居民也较为富裕)”可知，一些城市规划者对这个15分钟城市的担心是，它可能会加大邻里之间的差距，故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive every where.(城市设计师和思想家Jay Pitter说，那些基本需求在步行距离之内的城市创造了比到处开车更多的个人自由)”可推知，Jay Pitter对15分钟城市理念的态度是赞成的，故选B。
20．D 21．B 22．A 23．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类发现丝绸已经过去了几千年了，但是科学家们仍然在寻找这种非凡材料的新用途。现在，研究人员说，它可以帮助解决日益增长的环境和健康问题：微塑料。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院和巴斯夫化学公司的研究人员开发了一种丝质生物降解胶囊替代品。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Micro-plastics that are now found worldwide are increasingly recognized as a serious pollution threat, and have been found in the bloodstream of animals and people. Some of these micro plastics are intentionally added to a variety of products to generally protect some specific active components from being degraded by exposure to air.... To date, there has been no practical, economical alternative available that would biodegrade naturally.(现在在世界各地发现的微型塑料越来越被认为是一种严重的污染威胁，并且已经在动物和人的血液中发现。其中一些微型塑料被有意添加到各种产品中，以通常保护一些特定的活性成分不因暴露于空气中而降解……到目前为止，还没有实际的、经济的、可以自然降解的替代品。)”可推知，开发微塑料的替代品迫在眉睫。故选D。
21．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The silk protein used in the new alternative material is widely available and inexpensive and the silk fibers can simply be dissolved(溶解), lead researcher Benedetto Marelli says.(首席研究员Benedetto Marelli说，在这种新替代材料中使用的丝蛋白质可以广泛获得，而且价格低廉，丝纤维可以简单地溶解。)”可知，研究人员选择丝绸作为可替代品的主要关注点是，它是可生物降解的。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Replacing non-biodegradable micro-capsules with silk might not work in every case, but given the current and future challenges related to food insecurity, agricultural production, and a changing climate, the silk-based material is of great importance.(用丝绸代替不可生物降解的微胶囊可能不是在每种情况下都有效，但是考虑到当前和未来与粮食不安全、农业生产和气候变化有关的挑战，丝质材料是非常重要的。)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了丝绸材料的光明前途，故选A。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and chemical company BASF developed a silk-based biodegradable alternative to these capsules.(麻省理工学院和巴斯夫化学公司的研究人员开发了一种丝质生物降解胶囊替代品。)”可推知，文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院和巴斯夫化学公司的研究人员开发了一种丝质生物降解胶囊替代品。这是一种新的技术，由此可推知，这篇文章可能在杂志的技术前沿部分找到，故选C。


24．B 25．C 26．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天。
24．细节理解题。根据GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. or 3 p.m.部分下的第二段中“You will have an opportunity to touch, smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits. (你将有机会触摸、闻和品尝一些蔬菜和水果。)”可知，在导游带领下，游客可以品尝一些蔬菜和水果。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据My Miniature Garden部分下的“Tickets (payment at site): Children $15 per person Adult $25 per person (门票（即场缴费）：儿童每位15元；成人每位25元)”可知，一对夫妻带着一个孩子去My Miniature Garden需要花费：25*2+15=65，故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段“Come and join us for a day of fun! Get in touch with nature and learn about the importance of growing our own food. Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey! (来和我们一起玩一天吧！接触大自然，了解自己种植食物的重要性。带回你自己的小花园，开始你的城市农业之旅！)”和最后两段提到建造小型花园和种子球可推知，文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天，其目的是为了鼓励人们自己种植食物。故选D。
27．A 28．D 29．C 30．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is comprised of a range of contemporary styles, including Pop, Reggae, Country, Heavy Metal, Hip Hop, and Folk. (它是由一系列的当代音乐风格组成，包括流行音乐，雷鬼音乐，乡村音乐，重金属音乐，嘻哈和民间音乐)”可在，这张专辑有各种各样的音乐风格。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeremy Charles, a key figure in getting this album off the ground, has said that the“music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers, and increase exposure to our culture and language worldwide”. He aims for the album to be an inspiration to the next generation of Cherokee language learners. (Jeremy Charles是这张专辑的关键人物，他说，“这张专辑将让切罗基族艺术家和演讲者成为焦点，并增加我们在全世界的文化和语言的曝光度。”他希望这张专辑能够激励下一代人学习Cherokee语)”可知，Jeremy Charles希望这张专辑可以激发年轻人对Cherokee语的兴趣。故选D。
29．词句猜测题。由画线单词下文“encourage a younger audience, to get involved and start learning the Cherokee language(鼓励年轻观众参与进来，开始学习Cherokee语)”可知，这些项目鼓励年轻观众开始学习Cherokee语，这说明这些项目能振兴语言和文化，即恢复语言和文化，由此可推知，划线单词revitalizing与C项“Restoring(恢复)”意思相近，故选C。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture. This is probably why a group of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album(唱片) exclusively in the Cherokee language, a highly endangered Native American language.(保持一种语言的活力可以增强人们的认同感，最重要的是可以保存整个文化。这可能就是为什么一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家决定专门用这种高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑)”可知，文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言，D项“通过音乐的力量来保护语言”适合做文章标题，故选D。
31．D 32．B 33．A

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个志愿者项目的情况以及要求。
31．细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Whale Shark Observation(if spotted).(观察鲸鲨（如发现的话）)”可知，如果运气好，志愿者可以仔细观察鲸鲨。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Experience the sailing life in one of the world’s best spots for Water sports.(在世界上最好的水上运动地点之一体验帆船生活)”可知，第勒尼安海是帆船运动的好地方而闻名。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据Wildlife Supporter部分中“Make a difference in the rescue, rehabilitation (康复) and release of wildlife giving them a second chance at being free and wild again.(在野生动物的救援、康复和释放方面发挥作用，给它们第二次重获自由和野性的机会)”可知，Wildlife Supporter适合有医疗经验的义工参加。故选A。
34．A 35．C 36．D 37．A

【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化，使网球的新球员可以更快地发展和学习。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“During the world’s first holographic lesson, Ms Raducanu’s avatar appeared to feed balls to the players   and   gave   live   feedback   on their   shots, like   ‘that was   fast and there was lots of topspin on that’.   Even Sam said he thought she had been prerecorded at first until she spoke with him directly.(在世界上第一堂全息课程中，拉杜卡努女士的化身出现在球员面前，给他们运球，并对他们的击球给出实时反馈，比如“这个球很快，有很多上旋球”。连山姆都说，一开始他以为她是被预先录好的，直到她直接和他说话)”可知，Raducanu女士在第一节全息课上给球员一个实时的指导。故选A项。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“By 2030, with active skin technology, the playing styles and even the sensations of top-level players could be captured, so that anyone could experience how it actually felt to play that game through full sensory virtual reality.(到2030年，有了主动皮肤技术，顶级球员的游戏风格甚至感觉都可以被捕捉到，这样任何人都可以通过全感官虚拟现实体验到打球的真实感受)”可知，全感官虚拟现实能让观众现场体验球员的感受。故选C项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Pearson said: “Al-controlled suits made from smart materials, such as fabrics with sensors, can help players find   the perfect stroke when hitting or returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memory of a flawless forehand.   Using direct feedback from friendly virtual AI coaches, new players can develop and learn much more quickly.”(皮尔森博士说:“由智能材料制成的人工智能控制的比赛服，比如带有传感器的织物，可以帮助球员在击球或回发球时快速学习完美正手的肌肉记忆，从而找到完美的击球方式。使用友好的虚拟人工智能教练的直接反馈，新球员可以更快地发展和学习。”)”可知，皮尔森博士认为虚拟人工智能教练能使新球员可以更快地发展和学习，所以他的态度是赞成的。故选D项。
37．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Their holographic training session offers a glimpse into how advancing technology could revolutionize tennis coaching, according to Dr Ian Pearson.(伊恩·皮尔森博士说，他们的全息训练课程让人们得以一窥先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化)”以及纵观全文，是在讲述，科技的发展，为网球教练带来完全不一样的改变，所以A项“The future of coaching.(教练的未来)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
38．B 39．C 40．B 41．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了William Dunn创立非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子。文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“A dozen years ago, inspired by his six-year-old fatherless neighbor, Cam ran, who got angry and shouted at his mom, William asked Cam ran’s mom for permission to take Cam ran fishing. Cam ran was “hooked” from that first trip. The two fished together several times a week, and William saw positive changes in Cam ran’s behavior. “That’s when I realized that I had the duty to help fatherless kids,” he says.(十几年前，他6岁的没有父亲的邻居卡姆兰对妈妈发脾气，威廉受到启发，请求卡姆兰的妈妈允许他带卡姆兰去钓鱼。卡姆·兰从第一次旅行开始就“上瘾”了。两人每周一起钓鱼几次，威廉看到了卡姆兰行为上的积极变化。“那时我意识到我有责任帮助那些没有父亲的孩子，”他说)”可知，一个没有父亲的邻居的积极变化启发威廉·邓恩创立了“带孩子钓鱼公司”。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段“Then come the life lessons that fishing offers: patience, teamwork and the simple joy of relaxing in the outdoors.(然后是钓鱼带给我们的人生教训：耐心、团队合作以及在户外放松的简单乐趣)”可推知，该组织教授的不仅仅是基本技能。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I just want to show them that I care about them, that I’m there for them(我只是想让他们知道，我关心他们，我会在他们身边)”可知，威廉·邓恩认为陪伴在孩子的生活中很重要。故选B。
41．主旨大意题。根据第一段“William Dunn is the founder of Take a Kid Fishing, Inc, a nonprofit organization in Lakeland, Florida, which teaches poor and fatherless kids through the sport of fishing.(威廉·邓恩是佛罗里达州莱克兰的非营利组织“带孩子钓鱼公司”的创始人，该组织通过钓鱼运动教育贫困和无父的孩子)”结合文章还介绍了创立背后的原因以及“带孩子钓鱼公司”的影响力。可知，A选项“钓鱼改变了没有父亲的孩子的生活”最符合文章标题。故选A。
42．B 43．D 44．D 45．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了布朗大学的多夫·萨克斯最近发表的一项研究提出了一个问题，即如何更好地评估引进物种的好处，从而使意见更加全面。并建议在未来的研究中应该对物种的引入所带来的影响和改变进行全面的评估而非局限性的研究。
42．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed.(布朗大学的多夫·萨克斯Dov Sax最近发表的一项研究提出了一个问题，即如何更好地评估引进物种的好处，从而使意见更加全面。)”可知，该项研究的目的是充分了解引进的物种。故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct.(另一个因素是它们对引入的生态系统可能带来的好处。这种引进有时是为了减少当地物种灭绝的风险。)”可知，将Pyne’s 李子引入到其他地区是因为有利于减少当地物种灭绝的风险。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.(一些人认为它们为当地野生动物增添了色彩，另一些人则认为它们是当地鸟类吵闹的竞争对手。)”可知，当地人对ring-necked parakeets的引入持有不同的观点。故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.(此外，在做出这些判断时，他们应该承认所有类型的价值观，而不是狭隘地关注其中的一两个。)”可知，Dr. Sax建议，在未来的研究中应该全面的开展研究，而不是狭隘地只关注一两个价值的方面。故选D。
46．A 47．A 48．B 49．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明性别差异影响孩子的工作选择。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found that the top professions for boys included sports and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) related jobs, while girls, on the other hand, wanted to be teachers or nurses. (他们发现，最受男孩欢迎的职业包括体育和STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)相关的工作，而另一方面，女孩则想成为教师或护士。)”以及D项“化妆师”本身就是一个女性主导的职业，可知，男孩倾向于选择程序员的工作，故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段“Professor Scholes said the influence of gender stereotypes (刻板印象) on such choices begins in early childhood. “Bright pink toys for girls and blue toys for boys are sold on store shelves around the world.” she said, “In the boys’ section, you’ll find science, construction and warfare toys—perhaps a robot or a telescope. In the girls’ section, you’ll see toys related to cleaning, dolls, kitchens, makeup, jewellery and crafts.”(斯科尔斯教授表示，性别刻板印象对这些选择的影响始于童年早期。世界各地的商店货架上都有亮粉色的女孩玩具和蓝色的男孩玩具。她说，“在男孩区，你会发现科学、建筑和战争玩具——也许是机器人或望远镜。”在女孩区，你会看到与清洁、娃娃、厨房、化妆品、珠宝和工艺品相关的玩具。”)”和第四段““This results in lower numbers of girls taking STEM subjects at school. In turn, this means fewer women are going to work in the sciences.” Professor Scholes’s comments came as women make up only 2 percent of the STEM workforce, with the biggest gap in the highest-paid jobs of computer science and engineering. (“这导致在学校学习STEM课程的女孩人数减少。反过来，这意味着更少的女性将从事科学工作。”斯科尔斯教授发表此番言论之际，女性仅占STEM劳动力的2%，在计算机科学和工程等收入最高的工作岗位上，女性与女性的差距最大。)”可知，根据斯科尔斯教授的说法，选择STEM科目的女孩越来越少是因为性别刻板印象的影响。故选A。
48．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In Australia, some brands are no longer targeting boys or girls with their toys. Danish toy giant Lego last week announced that they would remove gender stereotypes from their toys, after a global study found that 71 percent of boys feared being made fun of for playing with toys marketed at girls. Lego said its products were mainly used by boys, but it promised to work to remove gender preference from its toys and instead market them for both genders. (在澳大利亚，一些品牌的玩具不再以男孩或女孩为目标。丹麦玩具巨头乐高上周宣布，他们将取消玩具中的性别刻板印象，此前一项全球研究发现，71%的男孩担心玩面向女孩的玩具会被取笑。乐高表示，其产品主要由男孩使用，但它承诺将努力消除玩具中的性别偏好，销售不再有性别差异。)”可知，在澳大利亚，一些品牌玩具消除具中的性别偏好，为他们的产品做男女通用的广告。故选B。
49．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study shows girls and boys as young as seven have the choice of jobs with gender differences.(一项新的研究表明，七岁的男孩和女孩在选择工作时存在性别差异。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究表明性别差异影响孩子的工作选择。所以“Gender differences affect job choosing for children(性别差异影响孩子的工作选择)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
50．D 51．A 52．D

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上最好的旅游胜地。
50．细节理解题。根据South Island中“Besides, journey to the University of Canterbury’s Mount John Observatory to stare up at the starry skies at night.(此外，您还可以前往坎特伯雷大学的约翰山天文台，在夜晚凝视星空)”可知，天文爱好者更喜欢South Island。故选D。
51．细节理解题。根据Maui中“You should also attend a feast for local culture and a taste of Hawaiian specialties like poi, poke and mahimahi.(你还应该参加当地文化盛宴，品尝夏威夷特色美食，如印度芋泥、poke和mahimahi)”可知，游客在毛伊岛可以享受当地食物。故选A。
52．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although a trip to Bora Bora is very expensive, most travelers say it’s worth every penny.(虽然去波拉波拉岛旅行很贵，但大多数旅行者说这是物有所值的)”可知，尽管路途昂贵，但Bora Bora很吸引人。故选D。
53．C 54．D 55．D 56．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新加坡的研究人员开发了一种电子材料，可以帮助机器人感知和触摸附近的物体。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It repairs itself when damaged, much like human skin. The material is called AiFoam, which is short for artificially innervated foam.(它在受损时可以自我修复，就像人类的皮肤一样。这种材料被称为AiFoam，是人工神经泡沫的缩写)”可知，AiFoam的一个特点是它有自我修复的能力。故选C项。
54．推理判断题。第二段中“The material is called AiFoam, which is short for artificially innervated foam. To innervate means to supply with nerves. In robots, AiFoam would gather information from nearby and send it to a computer controlling the robot. AiFoam is a stretchy polymer (聚合物) combined with a mixture that lowers surface tension. This means that if you cut the material, it can return easily into one piece.(这种材料被称为AiFoam，是人工神经泡沫的缩写。神经支配的意思是供给神经。在机器人中，AiFoam会从附近收集信息并将其发送给控制机器人的计算机。AiFoam是一种具有弹性的聚合物，结合了一种降低表面张力的混合物。这意味着，如果你切割材料，它可以很容易地恢复成一块)”中通过解释的方式说明了AiFoam是什么。故选D项。
55．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The electrical connections sense these changes and send information about them to a computer, which then tells the robot what to do.(电子连接感应到这些变化，并将相关信息发送给计算机，然后计算机告诉机器人该怎么做)”可知，计算机向机器人下命令。故选D项。
56．推理判断题。根据最一段中“After spending over two years developing it, Tee and his team hope the material can be put to use within five years.(经过两年多的研发，Tee和他的团队希望这种材料能在五年内投入使用)”可推知，AiFoam将在不久的将来上市。故选C项。
57．B 58．D 59．C 60．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运河，19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运河，城市的名称由此而来，更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建造并维护运河，以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。
57．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals.(三年后，Swilling和其他拓荒者开会考虑给他们的定居点起什么名字。前两名是Pumpkinville和Stonewall。幸运的是，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感，提出了一个名字)”可知，第二段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会讨论了起名方案，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城（Phoenix）这个名字。由此可知，B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。故选B项。
58．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it’s over distributed. We’ve got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that?(在西南地区，我们有一些严重的水的问题需要处理。科罗拉多河是西南地区的主要水源，但是分布过散。我们面临着人口增长和气候变化。我们要怎么处理呢？)”可知，因为人口增长和气候变化，水资源的问题愈发突出，需要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it’s over distributed”，即水的分布过散。故选D项。
59．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Henderson的话“It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it(这需要合作，因为这条运河的所有用水者不仅要同意建造它，还要同意维护它)”可知，霍霍坎人在使用运河的时候共同合作，建造并维护运河，因此他们富有团队精神。故选C项。
60．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Huckleberry的话“They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.(他们学会了如何可持续地耕种，如何管理水资源，如何不破坏他们的土壤，这些都是有价值的，可能会让我们了解如何应对当前的问题)”可知，霍霍坎人使用运河的方式恰恰体现了可持续发展的理念，这种方式是有价值的，可以帮助我们应对当今的问题。由此推知，Huckleberry会同意“可持续发展非常重要”的观点。故选B项。
61．D 62．B 63．A 64．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述Spencer Heslop患上一种经常导致脊髓和神经损伤的疾病后打轮椅篮球，在2022年4月带领球队在NWBA全国比赛中获得第八名后，他参加了美国男子国家队选拔营，在那里他与30名全国运动员进行了竞争，并进入了最后的12人名单。
61．细节理解题。根据第三段的“By high school, Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a competitive basketball team. The experience opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports, which became his favorite.(高中时，Heslop在一个竞技篮球队打轮椅篮球。这次经历让他看到了适应性运动的世界，这成为了他的最爱。)”可知，让Heslop对适应性运动产生了热情的是在轮椅篮球队的经历。故选D。
62．推理判断题。根据第四段的“University of Michigan was near the top of my list academically. I also heard that they were trying to get an adaptive sports program going, and that helped me make my choice.(密歇根大学在我的学术名单上名列前茅。我还听说他们正在努力开展适应性体育项目，这帮助我做出了选择。)”可知，Heslop选择密歇根大学是因为他可以参加他最喜欢的体育项目。故选B。
63．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at the NWBA Nationals in April 2022, Heslop participated in the US Men’s National Team Selection Camp where he fought against 30 of the nation to athletes and made the final twelve-man roster.(在2022年4月带领球队在NWBA全国比赛中获得第八名后，Heslop参加了美国男子国家队选拔营，在那里他与30名全国运动员进行了竞争，并进入了最后的12人名单。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了Heslop所取得的成就。故选A。
64．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Faced with many challenges, he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.(面对许多挑战，他孜孜不倦地学习椅子技巧和调节，使他更具爆发力。)”可知，Heslop是有决心的，故选D。
65．A 66．B 67．D 68．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在当今日新月异的社会中，怀旧变得越来越普遍，不同的心理学家对此发表了不同的看法。
65．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some psychologists warn”和“Psychologist Stephanie Coontz argues that nostalgia distracts us from addressing the problems of modern life and contributes to anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, etc.(心理学家Stephanie Coontz认为，怀旧会分散我们解决现代生活问题的注意力，并导致焦虑、抑郁、失眠等)”可推知，心理学家对怀旧持消极的观点，认为怀旧可能让人情绪低落。故选A。
66．主旨大意题。根据第三段首句“But new studies suggest that a modest amount of nostalgia is not only harmless, but actually beneficial.(但新的研究表明，适度的怀旧不仅无害，而且实际上有益)”可知，首句为本段的主题句，即怀旧有好处。再根据接下来的内容可知，本段主要讨论的是怀旧的益处。故选B。
67．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Let’s not forget that nostalgia has been a source of inspiration to countless American writers.(我们不要忘记，怀旧一直是无数美国作家的灵感来源)”并结合接下来提到的Mark Twain的例子可推知，提到Mark Twain是为了证明前面的观点，即他从怀旧中为自己的作品吸取灵感。故选D。
68．推理判断题。根据文章中的“Some psychologists warn that”“Psychologist Stephanie Coontz argues that”“new studies suggest that”“says Krystine Batcho”“Dr. Sedikides says”等信息可知，在针对怀旧的讨论上，作者从头至尾都在引用其他人和研究的观点，并没有从个人角度发表意见。由此推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选C。
69．D 70．C 71．B 72．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种对聚苯乙烯有食欲的蠕虫可能是大规模塑料回收的关键。
69．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent report revealed that, in the US alone, 27 million tons of plastic ended up in landfills in 2018, but only 3.1 millon tons were recycled. Wordwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled. The statistics are even worse for certain types of plastic. For example, out of 80,000 tons of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) containers generated in the United States, only a small amount (less than 5,000 tons) was recycled. (最近的一份报告显示，仅在美国，2018年就有2700万吨塑料最终进入垃圾填埋场，但只有3.1百万吨被回收。在全球范围内，这些数字同样糟糕，只有9%的塑料被回收利用。对于某些类型的塑料，统计数据甚至更糟。例如，在美国生产的8万吨聚苯乙烯容器中，只有少量（少于5，000吨）被回收。)”可知，第一段中列出的数据是为了说明塑料回收率很低。故选D项。
70．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To study how superworms react to purely plastic food, researchers broke up l35 of the creatures into three teams: one was fed only wheat bran(麸皮), another was fed only plastics, and the third was given nothing. (为了研究超级蠕虫对纯塑料食物的反应，研究人员将l35生物分成三组：一组只喂麦麸皮，另一组只喂塑料，第三组什么也不喂。)”可知，研究人员通过分组对比进行研究超级蠕虫。故选C项。
71．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Researchers used a technique called me a genomics to find several encoded enzymes with the ability to degrade polystyrene. The long-term goal is to engineer enzymes to degrade plastic waste in recycling plants. (研究人员使用一种名为“基因组学”的技术来寻找几种能够……聚苯乙烯的编码酶。长期目标是设计酶来……回收厂中的塑料废物。)”研究人员利用基因组学来设计一种酶降解塑料废物。可推测划线单词的意思为“降解，分解”，故选B项。
72．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ It’s hoped this bio-up cycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills. (希望这种生物循环将促进塑料废物回收并减少垃圾填埋场。)”及“Then they can look into how to upscale this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant.( 然后，他们可以研究如何将此过程升级到整个回收工厂所需的水平)”可知研究着们打算将生物循环技术应用于回收工厂，故选C项。
73．D 74．C 75．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是一些帮助妈妈们放松的自我护理礼物。
73．细节理解题。根据Summer Vista Yoga Mat部分的“This lovely yoga mat is characterized of an image of a mountain sunset, putting moms in harmony with nature from the comfort of the living room.(这款可爱的瑜伽垫的特点是山间日落的图像，让妈妈们在舒适的客厅里与自然和谐相处。)”可知，Summer Vista瑜伽垫的特别之处是它有一个自然景观的图像。故选D。
74．细节理解题。根据Brother Vellies Cloud Socks部分的“If you buy her the purple pair, you can provide money for the company’s food donation program in Kenya.(如果你给她买一双紫色的，你可以为公司在肯尼亚的食品捐赠项目提供资金。)”可知，如果你想为慈善事业做点什么，你就选择Brother Vellies Cloud Socks，故选C。
75．细节理解题。根据Theragun Prime Massage (按摩) Gun部分的“And unlike other old ones, the Prime model does so without any loud noise, which is perfect for moms looking for relaxation and quiet.(与其他老款按摩枪不同的是，Prime不会发出任何噪音，非常适合想要放松和安静的妈妈们。)”可知，Theragun Prime按摩枪的改进之处是它的噪音被适当地降低了。故选A。