精品解析：重庆市第十八中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末模拟检测英语试题（解析版）

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重庆市第十八中学高 2024 届高二下学期期末模拟检测试题
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分 30 分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是 C。
1. How does the man usually go to the city?
A.By car. B.By bus. C.By train.
2. What matters most to the woman in choosing a hotel?
A.The price. B.The food. C.The surroundings.
3. What did the woman like in her childhood?
A.Reading. B.Exercising. C.Travelling.
4. What does the woman think of the weather report?
A.It is timely. B.It is inaccurate. C.It is scientific.
5. Why does Monica join the Tai Chi club?
A.To try something new. B.To learn Chinese culture. C.To do high impact sports.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料, 回答第 6、7 题。
6. What position does the man apply for?
A.A salesperson. B.An engineer. C.An accountant.
7. What is difficult for the man to deal with?
A.Interpersonal relationships. B.Quality-quantity balance. C.Unplanned happenings.
听第 7 段材料, 回答第 8、9 题。
8. What is unnecessary for the man?
A.Buying an insurance. B.Being on time for work. C.Working on weekends.
9. What will the man do?
A.Go on his questions.
B.Expect the woman’s reply.
C.Write down personal information.
听第 8 段材料, 回答第 10 至 12 题。
10. What was one of Sammo Hung’s hobbies?
A.Drawing. B.Dancing. C.Swimming.
11. What is Sammo Hung besides a director?
A.An actor. B.A singer. C.A dancer.
12. Where can we learn about Sammo Hung’s cooking?
A.In the magazine. B.On the Internet C.On TV.
听第 9 段材料, 回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. How old is the man’s first child?
A.Six years old. B.Three years old. C.Two years old.
14. What does the man’s wife do?
A.She is a nurse. B.She is a teacher. C.She is a lawyer.
15. When did the woman start looking after children?
A.When she was in university.
B. When she was in high school.
C. When she was in middle school.
16. How often does the woman look after the children?
A.Three days per week. B.Every evening. C.During the day on weekdays.
听第 10 段材料, 回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. What is the research talking about?
A.The costs for studying overseas.
B.Studying in universities.
C.University scholarship.
18. Which country ranks the first on the list?
A.The United Kingdom. B.Australia. C.The United States.
19. What is the education expense in Hong Kong per year?
A.About US $22,000. B.About US $24,000. C.Over US $30,000.
20. What is the average tuition cost based on?
A.The top 10 best colleges.
B. The top 10 largest colleges.
C. The top 10 most famous colleges.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分 40 分)
第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分, 满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Confucius Institute
The Confucius Institute at the University of Minnesota offers several short classes on Chinese language and culture.
★ Class Fees
The cost of classes is $225 ($170 for Chinese Rehab)
★ Class Calendar
The Confucius Institute follows the University of Minnesota semester schedule. The Confucius Institute classes start a few weeks after the start of the University semester and last for ten class sessions. Classes are not held on University holidays.
The upcoming class sessions will be:
Spring 2018: February 1-April 7
Summer 2018: June 13-August 25
Tentative class calendar:
The schedule may change due to teacher availability.
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
Beginning I, Section A 6:00 a.m. 〜7:30 p.m.
Beginning I, Section B 6:00 a.m.〜7:30 p.m.
Beginning II
6:00 a.m. 〜7:30 p.m.
Intermediate II
6:00 a.m. 〜7:00 p.m.
Chinese Rehab
6:30 a.m. 〜7:00 p.m.
Intermediate I
6:00 a.m. 〜7:30 p.m.
Beginning III
6:00 a.m. 〜7:30 p.m.
Intermediate III
6:00 a.m. 〜7:30 p.m.
★ Class Cancellations
Any class not meeting minimum enrollment by four business days before the class start date will be cancelled and you will be contacted. If we must cancel a class due to insufficient enrollment or any other circumstance beyond our control, we will offer a full refund or issue credit towards another class.
★ Contact Information
The Confucius Institute is located within the University International Center on the east bank of the Twin Cities campus. The University International Center is located in the Keeler Apartment building. Enter at the comer of 17th Avenue S. E. and 4th Street through the doors located near the “University International Center” sign.
Office hours
The office is generally open Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m.
The office is closed daily from 12:00 noon until 1:00 p.m. and is closed on all University holidays.
Office Address
160 University International Center, 331-17th Ave. S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55414
Phone: 612625-5080
Fax: 612-625-5158
Email: confucius@umn.edu
1. Chinese Rehab ________.
A costs more money B. lasts one and a half hours
C. is held on Monday D. has four classes a week
2. To get information about the classes, you can visit the office ________.
A. on Monday noon B. at 12:30 a.m., Tuesday
C. on Wednesday evening D. at 1:30 p.m., Friday
3. What can we learn about the classes?
A. They can be one-to-one instruction.
B. The schedule may be changeable.
C. They are held on University holidays.
D. They start at the beginning of the University semester.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了明尼苏达大学孔子学院的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据MONDAY部分“Chinese Rehab 6:30 a.m. 〜7:00 p.m.(中国康复中心：上午6:30 ~下午7:00)”可知，Chinese Rehab是在周一进行。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Office hours中的“The office is generally open Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. The office is closed daily from 12:00 noon until 1:00 p.m. and is closed on all University holidays.(办公室一般是星期一到星期五，从上午8点到下午4点30分。办公室每天从中午12点到下午1点关闭，在所有大学假期休息)”可知，办公室的开放时间为：周一至周五的早上8:00到下午4:30;每天中午12:00到1:00关闭，所有节假日关闭。因此选项中周五下午1:30符合题意。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格上方的句子“The schedule may change due to teacher availability.(时间表可能会因老师的时间而改变)”可知，日程可能会改变。故选B。
B
“Belittle” was first used by Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States.
Many years ago, a French naturalist, Comte de Buffon, wrote some books about natural history. The books were a great success even though some critics did not like them.
Thomas Jefferson did not like what Comte had said about the natural wonders of the New World. It seemed to Jefferson that Comte spoke of the natural wonders in America as if they were unimportant.
This troubled Thomas Jefferson. He, too, was a naturalist—as well as a farmer, inventor, historian, writer and politician. He had seen the natural wonders of Europe. To him, they were no more important than those of the New World.
In 1788, Thomas Jefferson wrote about his home state, Virginia. While writing, he thought of its natural beauty and then of the words of Comte de Buffon. At that moment, Jefferson created a new word—belittle. He said, “Comte de Buffon believes that nature belittles her productions on this side of the Atlantic.”
Americans had already accepted Jefferson’s word and started to use it. In 1797, the Independent Chronicle newspaper used the word to describe a politician the paper supported. “He is a great man,” the paper wrote. “So let the opposition try to belittle him as much as they please.”
Noah Webster, the American word expert, liked this word. He put it in his English language dictionary in 1806: “Belittle—to make someone or something seem small, unimportant.”
In 1872, a famous American word expert decided that the time had come to kill this word. He said, “Belittle has no chance of becoming English. And as more critical writers of America—like those of Britain—feel no need of it, the sooner it is forgotten, the better.”
This expert failed to kill the word. Today, belittle is used not only in the United States and England, but in other countries where the English language is spoken.
4. Thomas Jefferson was NOT a________.
A. naturalist B. historian C. politician D. musician
5. What do we know about Thomas Jefferson?
A. He had never read any books written by Comte.
B. He knew little about the natural beauty of Europe.
C. He didn’t agree with Comte about the New World.
D. He often shared his ideas about writing with Comte.
6. The word “belittle” has been in use since________.
A. the late 1780s B. the early 1800s C. the late 1790s D. the early 1870s
7. In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?
A. Fashion. B. Politics. C. Nature. D. Language.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一个“belittle”一词的来源及其在英语语言中的使用情况。全文以对Thomas Jefferson以及 Comte de Buffon 的背景介绍为开头，紧接着讲述了Jefferson是如何创造这个新词的，并介绍了belittle在不同国家中的使用情况。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“This troubled Thomas Jefferson. He, too, was a naturalist—as well as a farmer, inventor, historian, writer and politician.(这让托马斯·杰斐逊感到困扰。他也是一位博物学家，同时也是一位农民、发明家、历史学家、作家和政治家。)”可知，Thomas Jefferson 不是音乐家。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thomas Jefferson did not like what Comte had said about the natural wonders of the New World. It seemed to Jefferson that Comte spoke of the natural wonders in America as if they were unimportant. (托马斯·杰斐逊不喜欢孔德所说的新世界的自然奇观。在杰斐逊看来，孔德谈到美国的自然奇观时好像它们并不重要。)”可知，Thomas Jefferson 不同意Comte对于新世界的自然奇观的评价。故选C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“In 1788, Thomas Jefferson wrote about his home state, Virginia. While writing, he thought of its natural beauty and then of the words of Comte de Buffon. At that moment, Jefferson created a new word—belittle. He said, “Comte de Buffon believes that nature belittles her productions on this side of the Atlantic.”(1788年，托马斯·杰斐逊写了一篇关于他的家乡弗吉尼亚州的文章。在写作的时候，他想到了它的自然之美，然后想到了布冯伯爵的话。在那一刻，杰斐逊创造了一个新词——贬低。他说:“布丰伯爵认为，大自然轻视她在大西洋这一边的产物。”)”可知，belittle 这个词最早应该是在1788年Thomas Jefferson创造的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“This expert failed to kill the word. Today, belittle is used not only in the United States and England, but in other countries where the English language is spoken. (这位专家未能扼杀这个词。今天，贬低不仅在美国和英国使用，而且在其他讲英语的国家使用。)”可知，这篇文章讨论的是一个英文单词的来源和使用情况，因此这篇文章应该来自于报纸上的语言类的栏目。故选D项。
C
My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler’s checks, and is asleep at the moment. His blue duffel bag lies on the floor where he dropped it. Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours.
It was his first trip overseas, so weeks before it, I pressed travel books on him, and a tape cassette of useful French phrases; drew up a list of people to visit; advised him on clothing and other things. At the luggage store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he headed for the duffels, saying that suitcases were more for old people.
During the trip, he called home three times: from London, Paris, and a village named Ullapool. Near Ullapool, he climbed a mountain in a rainstorm that almost blew him off. In the village, a man spoke to him in Gaelic, and, too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places. The French he learned from the cassette didn’t hold water in Paris. The French he talked to shrugged and walked on.
When my son called, I sat down at the kitchen table and leaned forward and hung on every word. His voice came through clearly, though two of the calls were like ship-to-shore communication. When I interrupted him with a “Great!” or a “Really?”, I knocked a little hole in his communication. So I just sat and listened. I have never listened to a telephone so attentively and with so much pleasure. It was wonderful to hear news from him that was so new to me. In my book, he was the first man to land on the moon, and I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help.
The unused checks are certainly evidence of that. Youth travels light. No suitcase, not much luggage and a slim expense account, and yet he went to the scene, and came back safely. I sit here amazed. The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you’ve never seen is a night you would gladly turn into a week.
8. During the trip, the author’s son ______.
A. ran out of money B. forgot to call his mother
C. had inadequate sleep D. failed to take good pictures
9. Which of the following could best describe the author’s son?
A. Polite and careless. B. Creative and stubborn.
C. Considerate and independent. D. Self-centered and adventurous.
10. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?
A It is important to listen to your child’s story.
B. It’s easy to interrupt the chat with your child.
C. The author is proud of her son landing on the moon.
D. The son no longer needs much help from his mother.
11. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Good parents should protect their children from potential dangers.
B. The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.
C. It’s a win-win choice to give a child space to experience and explore.
D. Communication between parents and children is extremely important.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了作者十五岁儿子的旅行，同时讲述了旅行中所发生的事情，作者认为给予自己孩子足够的自由空间让他们自己去经历和体验是一种双赢的选择。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler’s checks, and is asleep at the moment. His blue duffel bag lies on the floor where he dropped it. Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours.(我十五岁的儿子刚从国外回来，带着一卷已曝光的胶卷和一百元未兑现的旅行支票，此刻正在睡觉。他的蓝色行李袋就丢在地板上。显然，他尽可能地推迟了睡眠时间：当他走进来，我们拥抱时，他的电力系统突然关闭，直接向床上走去，我想他已经打破了过去16小时的睡觉纪录)”可知，作者的儿子刚旅游回到家就蒙头大睡，可推断他在旅游的过程中缺乏睡眠，故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the village, a man spoke to him in Gaelic, and, too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places.(在村子里，一个男人用盖尔语对他说话，我儿子很有礼貌，没有打断他的话，他听了十到十五分钟，还努力在适当的地方点头)”由此可推断作者的儿子是一个为他人考虑，体贴的人；以及最后一段中“Youth travels light. No suitcase, not much luggage and a slim expense account, and yet he went to the scene, and came back safely.(少年的旅行很轻松，没有手提箱，没有多少行李，开支也很少，但是他还是去了，并且安全地回来了)”可知作者的儿子自己去旅行，很多事情都一个人去处理，可推断他是一个独立的人。故选C。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“In my book, he was the first man to land on the moon, and I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help.”可知作者知道自己作为家长实际上也没有给到他儿子多少的建议和帮助，可见儿子已经不再需要很多来自妈妈的帮助，所以未使用的支票就是儿子不再需要母亲太多帮助的证据，故that指代“儿子不再需要母亲太多的帮助”。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you’ve never seen is a night you would gladly turn into a week.(当你的孩子从一个你从未见过的国家风尘仆仆地回来时，你会想把那一晚变成一周来度过，以体会那种快乐)”再纵观全文，根据作者对他儿子这次去旅游之前，去的时候给家里打电话以及回来之后的一连串的分析和思考，可知作者认为给予自己孩子足够的自由空间让他们自己去经历和探索是一种双赢的选择，故选C。
D
“Nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050. At least 700 million people will require access to ear and hearing care and other rehabilitation (康复) services unless action is taken. Untreated hearing loss can have a destructive impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study and to earn a living. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to maintain relationships,” said Dr Tedros, WHO Director- General.
The report, launched ahead of World Hearing Day on 3 March, stresses the need to rapidly step up efforts to prevent and solve hearing loss by investing (投资) and expanding access to ear and hearing care services. Investment in ear and hearing care has been shown to be worth it.
Lack of true information about ear diseases and hearing loss often limit people from accessing care for these conditions. Even among health-care providers, there’s often a lack of knowledge about prevention, early identification and management of hearing loss and ear diseases, preventing their ability to provide the care required.
In children, almost 60% of hearing loss can be prevented through measures such as immunization (免疫) for prevention and early management. In adults, noise control, safe listening together with good ear health can help maintain good hearing and reduce the potential for hearing loss.
Identification is the first step in dealing with hearing loss. Clinical screening at strategic points in life ensure that any loss of hearing and ear diseases can be identified as early as possible. Once checked, early prevention is key. Medical and surgical treatment can cure most ear diseases, potentially reversing (逆转) the associated hearing loss. However, where hearing loss is irreversible, rehabilitation can ensure that those affected avoid the negative effects of hearing loss.
12. What can we learn from Dr Tedros’ words?
A. Hearing loss only influences people’s physical health.
B. Nearly 2.5 billion people are suffering from hearing loss.
C. Untreated hearing loss can affect people’s daily life seriously.
D. Nearly 700 million people can have access to hearing care now.
13. Why do people with hearing loss fail to access care?
A. Doctors know nothing about prevention.
B. No money has been invested in hearing care services.
C. People lack true information about ear diseases and hearing loss.
D. Hearing loss and ear diseases are never identified and managed early.
14. What can we know from the last two paragraphs?
A. Rehabilitation can reverse hearing loss.
B. Most hearing loss in children can be cured.
C. It is important to prevent hearing loss and ear diseases early.
D. Few ear diseases can be cured by medical and surgical treatment.
15. What’s the best title of the text?
A. WHO invests more in hearing loss.
B. Hearing loss prevention counts
C. Ear protection never ends
D. Children suffer hearing loss
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听力损伤不及时治疗话对人们生活的方方面面都有影响，并具体介绍了什么原因导致许多人没有及时治疗听力，最后说明早期的预防对保护听力是很重要的。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Untreated hearing loss can have a destructive impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study and to earn a living. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to maintain relationships(未经治疗的听力损失会对人们的沟通能力、学习能力和谋生能力产生破坏性影响。它还会影响人们的心理健康和维持人际关系的能力)”可知，听力损失未经治疗会严重影响人们的日常生活。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Lack of true information about ear diseases and hearing loss often limit people from accessing care for these conditions. (由于缺乏关于耳部疾病和听力损失的真实信息，人们往往无法获得这些疾病的治疗。)”可知，是因为缺乏正确的信息导致人们没有及时接受治疗。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后两段特别是最后一段“Clinical screening at strategic points in life ensure that any loss of hearing and ear diseases can be identified as early as possible. Once checked, early prevention is key. Medical and surgical treatment can cure most ear diseases, potentially reversing (逆转) the associated hearing loss. (在生命的关键时刻进行临床筛查，可以确保任何听力损失和耳部疾病能够尽早被发现。一旦检查，早期预防是关键。医学和外科治疗可以治愈大多数耳部疾病，有可能逆转相关的听力损失。)”可知，早期预防听力损失和耳部疾病很重要。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章先是说明不及时治疗听力损伤的弊端，再介绍早期治疗和预防对于保护听力的重要性，所以B项文章的中心就是“Hearing loss prevention counts(听力损失预防很重要)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。
第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分, 满分 10 分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you sweat, and chew your pencil as your teacher hands out a test? A lot of people (adults included) get very nervous when it's time to take a test. ____16____Here are some tips for taking tests:
• First, be sure you've studied properly. It sounds like a no-brainer, but if you're sure of the information, you’ll have less reason to be worried.
•____17____Your memory recall will be much better if you’ve had enough rest. In a scientific study, people who got enough sleep before taking a math test did better than those who stayed up all night studying.
• Read the test through first. Once you have the test paper in front of you, read over the entire test, checking out how long it is and all the parts that you are expected to complete. This will allow you to estimate how much time you have for each part. ____18____
• Focus on answering each question individually. As you take the test, if you don’t know an answer, don't waste time on it. Instead, answer the best way you can or skip over the question and come back to it after you've answered other questions.
• Finished already? Although most teachers will let you hand a test in early, it's usually a good idea to spend any extra time checking over your work. ____19____ On the other hand, if you have 5 minutes until the bell rings and you’re still writing, end up whatever you’re working on without panicking.
•____20____ If you're one of them, you may need to talk to a parent or a teacher for help.
A. Get enough sleep the night before the test.
B. It's natural to feel some stress about taking tests.
C. If something seems unclear before you start, don't worry: ask.
D. I hope these tips can be helpful to you to overcome fear for the test.
E. If you're so nervous that you can't think, you might need a mini-break.
F. You can also add details that you may not have thought you’d have time for.
G. These tips should help most people, but some can get serious test-taking fear.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。很多人，包括成年人，在考试的时候都会非常紧张，考试有压力是正常的。文章对此提出了一些考试建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Do you sweat, and chew your pencil as your teacher hands out a test? A lot of people (adults included) get very nervous when it's time to take a test.(当老师发试卷时，你会流汗、嚼铅笔吗？很多人（包括成年人）在考试的时候都会非常紧张)”以及后文“Here are some tips for taking tests(以下是一些考试建议)”可知，上文提到了考试紧张的现象，后文则提出了一些考试建议，可知本句承接上文，对这一现象进行说明：考试有压力是很正常的。故B选项“考试有压力是很正常的”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Your memory recall will be much better if you’ve had enough rest. In a scientific study, people who got enough sleep before taking a math test did better than those who stayed up all night studying.(如果你休息够了，你的记忆力会好得多。一项科学研究表明，在参加数学考试前睡眠充足的人比熬夜学习的人表现更好)”可知，本段主要是在强调充足睡眠对考试的重要性，A选项中Get enough sleep对应后文中got enough sleep。故A选项“考试前一晚要有足够的睡眠”符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“• Read the test through first. Once you have the test paper in front of you, read over the entire test, checking out how long it is and all the parts that you are expected to complete. This will allow you to estimate how much time you have for each part.(先通读试卷。当你拿到试卷后，通读整个试卷，看看试卷有多长，以及你需要完成的所有部分。这将允许你估计每个部分需要多少时间)”可知，本段是在说明刚拿到试卷，即开始答题之前的注意事项，故C选项“如果在你开始之前有些事情看起来不清楚，不要担心：直接问”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“• Finished already? Although most teachers will let you hand a test in early, it's usually a good idea to spend any extra time checking over your work.(完成了吗？虽然大多数老师会让你提前交试卷，但花额外的时间检查你的试卷通常是一个好主意)”可知，上文提到要花额外的时间检查你的试卷，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的原因：还可以添加一些你可能没有时间做的细节。故F选项“你还可以添加一些你可能没有时间做的细节”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据后文“If you're one of them, you may need to talk to a parent or a teacher for help.(如果你是其中之一，你可能需要向家长或老师寻求帮助)”可知，本段为文章最后一段，本句属于过渡句，应总结上文并启示后文，G选项中some can get serious test-taking fear对应后文中them。故G选项“这些建议应该能帮助大多数人，但有些人可能会对考试产生严重的恐惧”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节, 满分 45 分) 第一节 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On a typical day, off the coast of a small Brazilian island, Joao Pereira de Souza was headed out fishing. He was ____21____ to find that an oil spill had polluted the waters. He ____22____ it was not a good day to fish. But walking along the beach, he found a struggling penguin, covered with oil.
Pereira took the penguin home, gently ____23____ it and spent the next week nursing it back to ____24____. He named it Dindim.
Dindim actually lived in the seas of South America. In order to breed (繁殖), it must return to Patagonia, 8,000 kilometers from Pereira’s ____25____. Pereira took Dindim back to the ocean and patiently ____26____ it to swim. Soon enough, it was time for Dindim to return to the life in the ____27____. Pereira watched Dindim swim away, ____28____ it would be the last time he saw Dindim.
But the next June, Dindim returned. The two shared a tender beak-to-nose ____29____, and Dindim stayed in the fisherman’s house for a month. The time to ____30____ arrived, and Pereira thought this ____31____ would be the last time he would see Dindim. But 11 months later, the penguin with a long ____32____ returned again.
It is a common ____33____ among scientists that animals have short memories. So a couple of them put a(n) ____34____ device that could track Dindim to see if it was indeed the ____35____ penguin that returned year after year. To their ____36____, Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade.
Love and nurture (养育) create a(n) ____37____ so deep that we can’t always explain it. It’s just something we feel, something we long to ____38____. And when we do, it lasts much longer than we ever ____39____. Pereira and Dindim share a bond that ____40____ human life and the natural world.
21. A. confused B. excited C. ashamed D. disappointed
22. A. insisted B. decided C. wished D. forgot
23. A. released B. covered C. cleaned D. kept
24. A. safety B. health C. life D. end
25. A. home B. base C. lab D. island
26. A. promised B. persuaded C. ordered D. taught
27. A. cage B. sky C. wild D. field
28. A. claiming B. believing C. admitting D. proving
29. A. greeting B. fighting C. acting D. talking
30. A. forgive B. regret C. leave D. thank
31. A. temporarily B. abruptly C. gradually D. surely
32. A. journey B. memory C. vocation D. preparation
33. A. belief B. explanation C. story D. secret
34 A. award B. different C. advanced D. simple
35. A. competent B. messy C. new D. same
36. A. delight B. surprise C. relief D. pity
37. A. relationship B. impression C. argument D. theory
38. A. sacrifice B. ignore C. provide D. explore
39. A. indicated B. restored C. required D. expected
40. A. connects B. compares C. covers D. impresses
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是一名渔夫佩雷拉在海边打鱼回家的路上，遇到了受伤的企鹅Dindim，佩雷拉于是救助该企鹅，并且该企鹅年复一年的来探望佩雷拉的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他失望地发现漏油污染了水域。A. confused困惑的；B. excited兴奋的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文的“an oil spill had polluted the waters.”可知，佩雷拉失望地发现漏油污染了水域。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定今天不适合钓鱼。A. insisted坚持；B. decided坚持；C. wished希望；D. forgot忘记。根据前文“find that an oil spill had polluted the waters.”可知，佩雷拉失望地发现漏油污染了水域，所以决定今天不适合钓鱼。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：把Dindim带回家，轻轻地给它清洗，然后花了一周的时间照顾它，让它恢复健康。A. released释放；B. covered覆盖；C. cleaned清理；D. kept保持。根据前文“he found a struggling penguin, covered with oil.”可知，该Dindim满身是油，所以他把Dindim带回家清洗。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. safety安全；B. health健康；C. life生活；D. end结束。根据前文“nursing it”可知，花了一周的时间照顾它，让它恢复健康。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了繁殖，它必须回到距离佩雷拉家8000公里的巴塔哥尼亚。A. home家；B. base基础；C. lab实验室；D. island岛屿。根据前文“Dindim actually lived in the seas of South America.”以及“Dindim stayed in the fisherman’s hous”可知，Dindim为了繁殖必须回到巴塔哥尼亚，这个地方距离佩雷拉的家有8000公里。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩雷拉把Dindim带回到海边，耐心地教它游泳。A. promised承诺；B. persuaded说服；C. ordered命令；D. taught教。根据后文“to swim”可知，佩雷拉把Dindim带回到海边，耐心地教它游泳。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，Dindim就该回到野外生活了。A. cage笼子；B. sky天空；C. wild野外；D. field田野，领域。根据前文“Pereira took Dindim back to the ocean and patiently ____6____ it to swim.”可知，佩雷拉把Dindim带回到海边，耐心地教它游泳，Dindim很快的学会了游泳，所以该回到野外生活了。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩雷拉看着Dindim游走，相信这将是他最后一次见到它。A. claiming表明；B. believing相信；C. admitting承认；D. proving证明。根据后文“it would be the last time he saw Dindim.”以及后文的“But the next June, Dindim returned.”可知，佩雷拉看到Dindim回到野外，他相信这将是他最后一次见到该Dindim，同时与后文构成转折关系。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们温柔地用嘴对着鼻子打招呼，Dindim在渔夫家里住了一个月。A. greeting问候，迎接；B. fighting奋斗；C. acting表演；D. talking谈论。根据前文“shared a tender beak-to-nose”可知，他们温柔地用嘴对着鼻子打招呼。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开的时间到了，佩雷拉想这一定是他最后一次见到Dindim了。A. forgive原谅；B. regret后悔；C. leave离开，留下；D. thank感谢。根据后文“would be the last time he would see Dindim”可知，Dindim要离开的时间到了。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：离开的时间到了，佩雷拉想这一定是他最后一次见到Dindim了。A. temporarily临时地；B. abruptly突然地，唐突地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. surely确定地。根据前文“Pereira watched Dindim swim away, ____8____ it would be the last time he saw Dindim.”可知，Dindim要离开的时间到了，佩雷拉像之前一样确定这是最后一次见到Dindim了。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但11个月后，这只记忆力很好的企鹅又回来了。A. journey旅游；B. memory回忆；C. vocation假期；D. preparation准备。根据后文“returned again”以及“scientists that animals have short memories.”可知，企鹅的记忆力很好，依旧记着佩雷拉。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们普遍认为动物的记忆力很短。A. belief信念；B. explanation解释；C. story故事；D. secret秘密。根据后文“scientists that animals have short memories.”可知，科学家们普遍认为动物的记忆力很短。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们中的一些人安装了一个先进的设备，可以追踪Dindim，看看它是否确实是那只年复一年回来的企鹅。A. award奖品；B. different不同的；C. advanced先进的；D. simple简单的。根据后文的“that could track Dindim”可知，在企鹅的身上安装了先进的设备来追踪它。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. competent胜任的；B. messy脏乱的；C. new新的；D. same相同的。根据后文“that returned year after year.”可知，安装该追踪器确定是否是那只年复一年回来的同一只企鹅。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，Dindim年复一年地回来了，持续了十多年。A. delight愉快；B. surprise惊讶；C. relief宽慰；D. pity怜悯，同情。根据后文“Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade.”可知，令研究者们惊讶的是，Dindim年复一年地回来了，持续了十多年。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：爱和照顾创造了一种如此深厚的关系，以至于我们总是无法解释它。A. relationship关系；B. impression印象；C. argument争论；D. theory理论。根据前文“To their ____16____ , Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade.”可知，佩雷拉对企鹅的爱和照顾创造了深厚的关系，导致企鹅年复一年的回来。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只是我们的感觉，我们渴望提供的东西。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. ignore忽视；C. provide提供；D. explore探索。根据后文“when we do”可知，对于Dindim的爱和照顾，这是我们期望提供的东西。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们这样做的时候，它持续的时间比我们预期的要长得多。A. indicated表明；B. restored修复；C. required需要；D. expected期待。根据前文“it lasts much longer”可知，当我们主动提供爱和照顾给他人甚至是动物的时候，此时所形成的深厚关系持续的时间比我们预期的要长得多。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩雷拉和Dindim有着共同的纽带，将人类生活和自然世界联系在一起。A. connects联系；B. compares比较；C. covers覆盖；D. impresses使留下深刻印象。根据前文“share a bond”可知，佩雷拉和Dindim有着共同的纽带将人类和自然世界联系到一起。故选A。

第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists in Peru have discovered the skull(颅骨) of an ancestor of modern-day whales. The fossilized skull is believed ___41___(be) about 36 million years old. Researchers say the discovery suggests that the animal lived in an ocean once ___42___(cover) Peru’s southern Ocucaje desert.
The scientists reported the skull was in good condition when ___43___(dig) up last year. It has a series of long, pointy ___44___(tooth), said Rodolfo Salas, chief of paleontology at Peru’s National University of San Marcos.
Scientists say the ancient mammal was a basilosaurus, which is in the cetacean(鲸目) family. The name basilosaurus means “king lizard(蜥蜴)” and the animal ___45___(think) to have been about 12 meters long. But it was not a reptile(爬行动物) although ___46___(it) long body might have moved like a large snake.
Salas called the animal “a marine monster” that may belong ___47___ a new species of basilosaurus. “When it was searching for its food, it ___48___(sure) did a lot of damage,” he added.
Salas explained that when the ancient basilosaurus died out, its skull likely sank to the bottom of the ocean, ___49___ it was quickly buried and remained.
“Back during this age, ____50____ conditions for fossilization were very good in Ocucaje,” Salas said.
【答案】41. to be
42. covering
43. dug 44. teeth
45. is thought
46. its 47. to
48. surely 49. where
50. the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，南美洲国家秘鲁的古生物学家当地时间3月17日表示，在秘鲁一处沙漠中出土了3600万年前生活在海洋中的一头古老鲸鱼的化石遗骸，它是现代鲸的祖先和凶猛的海洋捕食动物，这种鲸鱼已灭绝。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据说化石遗骸大约存在于3600万年前。sb./sth. is believed to do，据信，某人/物会……，不定式作主语补足语，故填to be。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，这一发现表明，这种动物生活在曾经覆盖秘鲁南部奥库卡耶沙漠的海洋中。此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，ocean与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，故填covering。
【43题详解】
考查省略句。句意：科学家们报告说，这具遗骸去年出土时状况良好。“when_______(dig) up last year”是省略句，即when引导的时间状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，从句可以省略主语和系动词，所以从句省略了the skull和was，且skull与dig up之间是被动关系，所以此处用过去分词dug，故填dug。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：秘鲁国立圣马科斯大学古生物学主任鲁道夫·萨拉斯说，它有一排又长又尖的牙齿。a series of 后接可数名词复数，故填teeth。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：basilosaurus这个名字的意思是“蜥蜴王”，人们认为它大约有12米长。bee thought to do被认为……，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数，故填is thought。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：但它不是爬行动物，尽管它的长身体可能像一条大蛇一样移动。修饰名词body用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：萨拉斯称这种动物为“海洋怪物”，可能属于巴西龙的一个新物种。固定短语belong to属于，故填to。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：“当它在寻找食物时，肯定造成了很大的破坏，”他补充说。修饰动词do用副词，surely意为“肯定”，故填surely。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：萨拉斯解释说，当古巴西龙灭绝时，它的遗骸很可能沉入海底，很快被掩埋并保留下来。“_______it was quickly buried and remained.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词为the bottom of the ocean，且定语从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导定语从句，故填where。
【50题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：萨拉斯说：“在这个时代，奥库卡耶的化石形成条件非常好。”根据句意，此处特指奥库卡耶的化石形成条件，故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分 35 分)
第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Good manners were very important in our daily life. Not only do it show that we have respect for others, but they can also assisted us in getting along well with others. Do you know how develop good manners? First, it’s necessary for us to obey basic rule when we are at school. Second, we should learn to understand others in case of we disagree with them. More importantly, it is an good idea to lend a hand to classmates which need help. In this way, we will live in harmony with others.
In summary, spent time developing good manners, we will be able to behave proper.
【答案】1.were→are
2.it→they
3.assisted→assist
4.develop前加to
5.rule→rules
6.去掉of
7.an→a
8.which→who/that
9.spent→spending
10.proper→properly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了举止良好的重要性以及如何培养良好的举止。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：举止良好在我们的日常生活中非常重要。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故were改为are。
2.考查代词。句意：它们不仅表明我们尊重他人，还可以帮助我们与他人友好相处。此处用they指代前面提到的复数名词Good manners，故it改为they。
3.考查情态动词+动词原形。句意同上，情态动词can 后接动词原形，故assisted改为assist。
4.考查疑问词+不定式。句意：你知道如何培养良好的举止吗？此处为疑问词+不定式作宾语，故develop前加to。
5.考查名词的数。句意：首先，我们在学校时必须遵守基本规则。规则不止一条，因此用可数名词复数泛指，故rule改为rules。
6.考查in case与in case of的区别。句意：第二，如果我们不同意他们的观点，我们应该学会理解别人。in case of后接名词或代词，in case后接接句子，此处引导条件状语从句，用后者，故去掉of。
7.考查冠词。句意：更重要的是，向需要帮助的同学伸出援手是个好主意。good发音以辅音音素开头，故an改为a。
8.考查定语从句。句意同上，此处指代先行词classmates并在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that，故which改为who/that。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，花时间培养良好的举止，我们就能举止得体。此处为非谓语动词作状语，we与spend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，故spent改为spending。
10.考查副词。句意同上，修饰动词behave用副词，故proper改为properly。
第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)
52. 【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
(1) 表示欢迎；
(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；
(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：(1). 词数不少于50；
(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介绍一下写作背景（Jim对中国文化感兴趣，要来中国学习），表达欢迎。然后推荐一所大学，并简要介绍推荐的原因（如大学的特色，可以学到什么等）。再次简单介绍应该做哪方面的准备，如可以提前学习汉语，读点有关中国传统文化的书，了解中国的习俗，让自己更好地适应中国的生活。文章可采用一般现在时，人称可以使用第二人称。
亮点说明：文章中巧妙使用非谓语Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, 使句子结构紧凑。
使用定语从句Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 使句子表达更完美；巧妙使用连接词while引出来中国前的准备，使句子结构对称。