2021-2022学年上海市静安区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）

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2021-2022学年上海市静安区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
1．（10分）Rereading is a guilty pleasure for many readers.How can a keen reader abandon his to﹣be﹣read list and waste time with a book he already knows？At the same time，according to many experts，the act of rereading（1）　 　（regard），without doubt，as the only way to truly understand a text.
Academics most often discuss the benefit of rereading as a way to gain deep understandings of complex texts and of the self.Teachers of early reading﹣age children agree that rereading improves understanding beyond basic words.For adults，rereading is necessary to understanding a text well so that good critical arguments（2）　 　be made.
Rereading helps to build a better understanding of a book.（3）　 　rereading，many readers find it impossible to appreciate a writer's subtle talents or to comprehend a text's inner ideas and themes.
Rereading is also an act of self﹣reflection.The practice of purposeful rereading in（4）　 　creates a kind of self﹣consciousness.Since the book never changes，it functions as a constant（恒量）（5）　 　can be used to measure the reader's growth.It is a way to re﹣examine the reader himself and the changes he（6）　 　（undergo） since the initial reading.
Of course，there are possible drawbacks to rereading as well.Rereading takes time，（7）　 　（draw）the readers away from their to﹣be﹣read list.And it's hard to imagine（8）　 　frustrating it can be if a beloved book falls short of your rosy memories in rereading.
According to David Galef，emotions like pleasure，excitement，and curiosity cause the reader to rush through a story and pass over the inner complexity（9）　 　（appreciate）in re﹣readings，and yet they are also important elements that may be dulled by those repeated readings.Furthermore，（10）　 　your rereading is focused and intentional about gaining new thoughts，it may not result in improved understanding.
Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
2．（10分）
A.confused B.adaptable C.floating D.decaying E.attempts
F.imitated G.attached H.signs I.samples J.relatively K.steady
Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor，researchers had always assumed that there would be few（1）　 　of life farther away from open water and sunlight.However，the discovery of filter﹣feeding（滤食的）organisms﹣﹣160 miles away from the open ocean，with temperatures of ﹣2.2℃ and under complete darkness﹣﹣suggests that life in the world's harshest environment may be more（2）　 　than previously thought.
In 2017，BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three﹣month expedition to the middle of Antarctica's Filchner﹣Ronne Ice Shelf，to collect（3）　 　of the seafloor deposits.The team drilled through the half﹣mile of ice by pumping almost 20，000 liters of hot water through a pipe.After about 20 hours of painstaking work，they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath.
However，when the scientists lowered the instrument，along with a camera，to collect the soil，it came up empty.After multiple failed（4）　 　﹣ each round trip taking about an hour﹣ the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the（5）　 　flat seabed.Even more surprisingly，the rock was covered with stationary animals，like sponges（海绵）and potentially unknown species.
The finding has（6）　 　many scientists given that certain organisms，such as sponges and coral polyps（珊瑚虫），which live their entire lives（7）　 　 to rocks，or other hard surfaces，need food supplies.In the open water，the "marine snow，" as the food is called，comes from（8）　 　organic matter，which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean.However，the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive（9）　 　supplies of nutrients.To make matters worse，due to the area's strong ocean currents，the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them.
"This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we've seen any of these filter﹣feeding animals，" said Smith."These things are stuck on a rock and only get fed if something comes（10）　 　along."
Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
3．（15分）Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it's on apparent display，as when someone wins the lottery.But（1）　 　 often plays out in delicate ways and it's easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck.These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset，downplaying the power of chances.
Consider the history of the Mona Lisa.After having stayed in the（2）　 　 for most of its early existence，the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre.The famous theft remained（3）　 　for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting.His arrest caused a second wave of（4）　 　 with the painting on everyone's lips.As in the art world，it is so too in the world of work.Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps，each of which depends on former ones.Inevitably，some of those（5）　 　steps can be influenced by chance factors，which，as a result，are sure to affect the following process.So it is reasonable to conclude that（6）　 　all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck.
One's date of birth（7）　 　，for example.According to a study，most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class，which explains why they are less likely to hold（8）　 　positions during high school and thus.less likely to land good jobs later in life.
To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of（9）　 　.Charlie Munger has said，"The safest way to get what you want is to（10）　 　what you want."
Of course，luck counts too.Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control﹣ that is，at least we can decide how lucky our children will be.But in America，we've been doing a bad job as the budget for education has（11）　 　.The human tendency to（12）　 　luck's role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education.the strong system of which can produce（13）　 　 for the next generation.
Luckily，there is a solution.Guiding people to（14）　 　their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the（15）　 　，according to a study.So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck.In the process，the next generation's odds of success may well increase and meanwhile，all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service.

（1）A.randomness
B.potential
C.masterpiece
D.success
（2）A.emergency
B.maintenance
C.review
D.shade
（3）A.accidental
B.unsolved
C.official
D.objective
（4）A.protest
B.suspicion
C.publicity
D.investigation
（5）A.previous
B.negative
C.realistic
D.entire
（6）A.virtually
B.sustainably
C.adequately
D.negatively
（7）A.occurs
B.contracts
C.matters
D.approaches
（8）A.accessible
B.original
C.superior
D.secure
（9）A.effort
B.logic
C.relationship
D.investment
（10）A.deserve
B.evaluate
C.modify
D.exploit
（11）A.shone
B.shrunk
C.ballooned
D.flown
（12）A.preserve
B.popularize
C.underestimate
D.revolutionize
（13）A.challenge
B.luck
C.motivation
D.experience
（14）A.reflect on
B.save on
C.adjust to
D.live on
（15）A.mutual understanding
B.mental fitness
C.family value
D.common good
Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B， C. and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
4．（6分）A line of men tugged on ropes and dropped from the ship into the sea，with a group of Saibs prepared to pull them later from the sea bottom.Nasser，one of the drivers，climbed over the railing of the ship and his Saib emptied his basket full of shells onto the deck.
"Get me something to fill my stomach with，boy." I knew he was teasing as he is my father's good friend.
"But I'm no longer an errand boy.I'm a diver，like my father was."
"Your father was bald and deaf，like the rest of us，" Nasser laughed.
The salty Arabian Gulf produced the finest pearls in the world while the salty water also made divers lose their hair.Let alone the high pressure which cost them their hearing.I had shaved my head，in which way I felt more like a real diver.Of course，there's no need for me to worry about the hair problem.
"I′ve dived the shallow seas before，and I can hold my breath for a whole minute."
"Just pull your rope before you feel breathless." He then disappeared into the water again.
I tied a heavy stone to my foot with a rope.Taking one more deep breath，I plugged my nose and jumped.With the stone finally hitting the seabed with a thump，I freed my foot from the rope.I scratched at the rocky ridge（脊），when three oysters dropped into my hands.I even didn't have enough time to feel surprised at how easy the job was before I felt breathless.
Out of horror，I dragged the rope.Knowing that，far above，the Saib's strong arms strained to pull me toward the surface，I reminded myself to endure for a little more time.Just when I thought my lungs would burst，my ears popped and there was light.
Nasser burst through the water.He removed his nose plug and grinned at me looking at the three pitiful shells on the deck. "Not bad for an errand boy." Seeing me upset with my head down，he patted me "It's your first for such a depth.You did better than all of us." Cheering up，I wrapped the empty basket around my neck and raised my chin，"I'm a pearl diver."

（1）According to Nasser，what did an errand boy usually do？ 　 　
A.Pull divers from the sea.
B.Empty baskets for divers.
C.Serve snacks for divers.
D.Dive for shells.
（2）Why did the author have his hair cut？ 　 　
A.Because he tried to avoid losing hair.
B.Because all divers had shaved hair.
C.Because high pressure made him bald.
D.Because he wanted to look professional.
（3）Why did the author get little harvest？ 　 　
A.Because there were not many pearls in the area.
B.Because he still lacked experience in the job.
C.Because the Saib pulled him up too early without permission.
D.Because the rocky ridge was too rough.
5．（8分）These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer for holiday seekers.
Oyster Festival
There's an old saying that it's only safe to eat oysters in months ending in 'R' ，which was good advice in the age before refrigeration became a fashion.And that's exactly why originally the New Orleans Oyster Festival was held in June，to break up the myth as locals never bothered to preserve the creatures with their habit of directly eating the seafood，fresh from the sea.Today，featuring oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico，Oyster Fest is a celebration of the world's favorite food.If you've ever wanted to enjoy the legendary oysters at Drago's where the recipe originated or take a bite out of an oyster the size of a hamburger，Oyster Fest is for you.
When to Go：June 3﹣4
Essence Festival
New Orleans holds a special place in African﹣American life and history，so it should be no surprise the city hosts a festival celebrating African﹣American music and culture in the United States.With free admission，Essence Festival，organized by the African﹣American women's magazine of the same name，is a combination of four days of dynamic speeches and a showcase of African﹣American artists.
When to Go：June 29﹣July 2
Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival
Southern Louisiana is home to a variety of rich，unique cultures，and on a weekend in June in New Orleans，one of them﹣ Cajun﹣ is on full display.The heart of Cajun country is in south﹣central Louisiana，a strong showcase of Cajun culture，for which the Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival emerged.On the particular weekend，you get ready to chew down on traditional food like Cajun gumbo at eateries，buy Cajun crafts，and purchase a Cajun T﹣shirt.
When to Go：June 24﹣25
Running of the Bulls
Due to its history，the Spanish influence still shows itself in New Orleans.The architectural style of the French Quarter is actually from Spain，and New Orleans's annual Running of the Bulls is，in part，a nod to the city's Spanish heritage.Unlike the Spanish festival in Pamplona，the "bulls" in the Fest are not actual bulls but the women of the Big Roller derby team.However they do chase down white﹣ and red﹣clothed festival﹣goers，if infuriated.Therefore behave yourself or be prepared to run for life.
When to Go：July7﹣9

（1）Why was New Orleans Oyster Festival held in June in the first place？ 　 　
A.Because refrigerator could be used to store oysters.
B.Because it was not easy for oysters to go bad in summer.
C.Because oysters could be cooked in various ways to extend storage period.
D.Because New Orleans oysters were usually served raw.
（2）The underlined word "infuriated" is closest in meaning to 　 　.
A.exhibited
B.color﹣blinded
C.angered
D.cheated
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ 　 　
A.Oyster Festival nowadays is designed for people seeking the history of oyster harvest.
B.Essence Festival celebrates the freedom of African﹣American women.
C.Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival is mainly celebrated through dining and shopping.
D.New Orleans has been stripped of Spanish influence.
（4）In which magazine does the passage most probably appear？ 　 　
A.Vacation Guide.
B.Genuine Recipe.
C.Architecture Vision.
D.Music Billboard.
6．（8分）You may be familiar with the statistic that 90% of the world's data were created in the last few years.The biggest setback with such a rate of information increase is that the present moment will always emerge far larger than the past.Short﹣sightedness is built into the structure，in the form of an overwhelming tendency to over﹣estimate near﹣term messages at the expense of history.
To understand why this matters，consider the findings from social science about 'recency bias（倾向）'，which describes the tendency to assume that future events will closely resemble recent experience.People tend to base thinking disproportionately on whatever comes most easily to mind.
It's also worth remembering that novelty tends to be a dominant consideration when deciding what data to keep or delete.Out with the old and in with the new.That's the digital trend in a world where search algorithms（算法）are systematically biased towards freshness.They are designed in line with human preference.Such a bias towards the present is structurally rooted in the human weakness that we keep deserting things we once cherished simply because we grow tired of them.
What's really needed is something thought of as "intelligent forgetting"：learning to let go of the immediate past in order to keep its larger continuities in view.It's an act similar to organising a photograph album﹣ although with more maths.When are two million photographs less valuable than two thousand？
Many data sets are irreducible and most precious when complete：gene sequences；demographic（人口的）data；the raw，hard knowledge of geography and physics.The softer the science，however，the more that scale is likely to be reversely connected with quality.In these cases，time itself is rather important as a touch stone to judge the value of data.Either we choose carefully what endures，matters and meaningfully captures our past﹣ or its foot print is silently replaced by the present's growing noise.Mere gathering is no cure﹣all answer.In an era of bigger and bigger data，the leading warning for those who have to make decisions is that what you choose not to know matters just as much as what you do.

（1）What is the major problem with the explosion of recent information？ 　 　
A Trends are too quickly produced.
B.People have poor eyesight after viewing too much information.
C.Present information is given too much emphasis.
D.Prediction for future development largely depends on the past information.
（2）What causes widespread preference for newness？ 　 　
A.That algorithms requires the latest to make accurate prediction.
B.That humans are accustomed to losing interest in old things.
C.That short renewed period is the feature of modern data.
D.That search algorithms keep uncovering the value of the newness.
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ 　 　
A.Recent past experience is rarely used to provide reference for future events.
B.The quality of geographic knowledge depends on photo sorting rather than full data.
C.Intelligent forgetting refers to replacing the immediate past with far﹣back data.
D.Time helps us to evaluate data when the quality isn't in line with quality.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？ 　 　
A.The side effect of digital innovation.
B.The values of complete data in softer subjects.
C.The data discrimination caused by algorithms.
D.The faulty preference for fresh data and ways out.
Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
7．（8分）
A.And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.
B.Thought regarded as a form of simple act，tea making can vary between cultures.
C.The tea is，above all，credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.
D.Food choices are driven by one's environment﹣the context.
E.Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.
F.Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.
Tea has become rooted in the British way of life，from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed﹣﹣in a jacket and tie，of course.（1）　 　Boiling water to make tea，for instance，makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.
But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage？Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit
makes a cup.
She observes that the strongest brews of black tea﹣ with the largest doses of flavour factors ﹣are typically drunk by the working class.The flavor gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder.
Milk and sweetener have their own codes.According to her，taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower﹣class indicator.（2）　 　Other implications involve when and how milk is added，if any.Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong （正山小种红茶）with no sugar of milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class，Fox suggests.It's as far as possible as one can get from sweet，strong，milky cups of no﹣nonsense 'builder's tea'.
A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here."（3）　 　"You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it，thought obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything.A food or drink's real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it﹣ the culture of it.
Fox also observes that，alongside its chemical properties，tea is a social space﹣filler.Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events.（4）　 　 Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation，they cook tea.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
8．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
You still need a better reason to plant a tree？
Police aren't cheap and neither are lawyers，judges，and all the other layers that make up the justice system.But trees and some grass，in comparison，are a real bargain，and they prove to be effective in fighting crimes.
Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorb rainwater.After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas，Michelle Kondo，a social scientist found that a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary，and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent，a stunning 18 percent fall.Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas﹣for planting and maintenance﹣was enough to scare away potential criminals.
Kondo's study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas.It's tempting to use income as the connection.After all，if you have the crime and money to water your lawn，you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime.But actually，people are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cleaned. "You will see less kids hanging on the corners，" Kondo said.He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill﹣intentioned guys，by announcing to would﹣be criminals that there are "eyes on the street" that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime.
We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution.Now we can add crime﹣fighting to the list of vegetation's many benefits.Therefore，are you ready to plant a tree？
TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
9．（3分）为防止病人走错，墙上贴上了箭头。（so that） 　 　
10．（3分）一条蜿蜒的步道穿过森林，成为该地区的特色景观。 （which） 　 　
11．（4分）合格的管理者，不必事事亲力亲为，而应善于使每个员工发挥所长。（good） 　 　
12．（5分）与普通的观点相反，牛奶作为助眠剂的作用与其所含营养成分无关，而是与这一睡前习惯所产生的心理暗示有关。（contrary） 　 　
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
13．（25分）Direction：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instruction given below in Chinese.
你是高三学生李华，你所属的学校创意社团目前正在开展一项模拟推广活动：向社区年轻人推广以下三个备选项目：
1.推广一个国货运动鞋品牌（a Chinese brand of sports shoes）；
2.推广一个社区夜市（a community night market）；
3.推广一个运动计步app（a step count app）。
请向社团委员会（society board）写一封信，提交你的想法。信中必须包括：
1.你选择推广的项目。
2.你选择该项目的理由。
3.你的推广方案。
（信中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实信息）

2021-2022学年上海市静安区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
参考答案与试题解析
Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
1．（10分）Rereading is a guilty pleasure for many readers.How can a keen reader abandon his to﹣be﹣read list and waste time with a book he already knows？At the same time，according to many experts，the act of rereading（1）　is regarded　（regard），without doubt，as the only way to truly understand a text.
Academics most often discuss the benefit of rereading as a way to gain deep understandings of complex texts and of the self.Teachers of early reading﹣age children agree that rereading improves understanding beyond basic words.For adults，rereading is necessary to understanding a text well so that good critical arguments（2）　can　be made.
Rereading helps to build a better understanding of a book.（3）　Without　rereading，many readers find it impossible to appreciate a writer's subtle talents or to comprehend a text's inner ideas and themes.
Rereading is also an act of self﹣reflection.The practice of purposeful rereading in（4）　reality　creates a kind of self﹣consciousness.Since the book never changes，it functions as a constant（恒量）（5）　that/which　can be used to measure the reader's growth.It is a way to re﹣examine the reader himself and the changes he（6）　has undergone　（undergo） since the initial reading.
Of course，there are possible drawbacks to rereading as well.Rereading takes time，（7）　drawing　（draw）the readers away from their to﹣be﹣read list.And it's hard to imagine（8）　how　frustrating it can be if a beloved book falls short of your rosy memories in rereading.
According to David Galef，emotions like pleasure，excitement，and curiosity cause the reader to rush through a story and pass over the inner complexity（9）　appreciation　（appreciate）in re﹣readings，and yet they are also important elements that may be dulled by those repeated readings.Furthermore，（10）　if/when　your rereading is focused and intentional about gaining new thoughts，it may not result in improved understanding.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是重读的好处和坏处。
【解答】（1）is regarded．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：与此同时，许多专家认为，重读的行为无疑是真正理解文本的唯一途径。通篇是一般现在时，重读是被认为是真正理解文本的唯一途径，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语"the act of rereading"是单数，因此空格处是is regarded，故填is regarded。
（2）can．考查情态动词。句意：对于成年人来说，为了更好地理解一篇文章，重新阅读是必要的，这样才能提出好的批评论点。根据语境可知，句子表示"重新阅读是必要的，可以提出好的批评论点"，因此空格处表示"可以或能够"，空格后是动词原形，因此空格处是情态动词can，故填can。
（3）Without．考查介词。句意：如果不重读，许多读者就不可能欣赏到作者微妙的才能，也不可能理解一篇文章的内在思想和主题。根据语境，句子表示"如果不重读，许多读者就不可能欣赏到作者微妙的才能"，因此空格处表示"没有"，空格后是动名词rereading，因此空格处是介词without，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Without。
（4）reality．考查固定短语。句意：实际上有目的的重读创造了一种自我意识。根据前面的"Rereading is also an act of self﹣reflection"可知，句子表示"实际上有目的的重读实践创造了一种自我意识"，in reality是固定短语，意为"实际上"，因此空格处是reality，故填reality。
（5）that/which．考查定语从句。句意：由于书是不变的，所以它的作用是一个常数，可以用来衡量读者的成长。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词constant是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
（6）has undergone．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种重新审视读者自身及其自最初阅读以来所经历的变化的方式。由since可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语he是单数，因此空格处是has undergone，故填has undergone。
（7）drawing．考查现在分词。句意：重读需要花费时间，把读者从他们的阅读清单上引开。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是takes，空格处是非谓语形式，Rereading和draw之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填drawing。
（8）how．考查副词。句意：如果你重读一本心爱的书，却没有留下美好的回忆，那是多么令人沮丧啊！根据语境可知，句子表示"如果你重读一本心爱的书，却没有留下美好的回忆，那是多么令人沮丧啊"，空格处用表示"多么"的how，故填how。
（9）appreciation．考查名词。句意：David Galef认为，快乐、兴奋和好奇等情绪会导致读者匆匆读完故事，在重读时忽略对故事内在复杂性的欣赏。根据语境可知，句子表示"快乐、兴奋和好奇等情绪会导致读者匆匆读完故事，在重读时忽略对故事内在复杂性的欣赏"，因此空格处用名词，作宾语，appreciate的名词是appreciation，意为"欣赏"，是不可数名词，故填appreciation。
（10）if/when．考查从属连词。句意：此外，如果（当）你的重读是为了获得新的想法，它可能不会导致更好的理解。根据语境可知，句子表示"如果你的重读是为了获得新的想法，它可能不会导致更好的理解"，空格处表示"如果"，用连词if，引导条件状语从句，也可以用when（当……的时候）引导时间状语从句，故填if/when。
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
2．（10分）
A.confused B.adaptable C.floating D.decaying E.attempts
F.imitated G.attached H.signs I.samples J.relatively K.steady
Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor，researchers had always assumed that there would be few（1）　H　of life farther away from open water and sunlight.However，the discovery of filter﹣feeding（滤食的）organisms﹣﹣160 miles away from the open ocean，with temperatures of ﹣2.2℃ and under complete darkness﹣﹣suggests that life in the world's harshest environment may be more（2）　B　than previously thought.
In 2017，BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three﹣month expedition to the middle of Antarctica's Filchner﹣Ronne Ice Shelf，to collect（3）　I　of the seafloor deposits.The team drilled through the half﹣mile of ice by pumping almost 20，000 liters of hot water through a pipe.After about 20 hours of painstaking work，they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath.
However，when the scientists lowered the instrument，along with a camera，to collect the soil，it came up empty.After multiple failed（4）　E　﹣ each round trip taking about an hour﹣ the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the（5）　J　flat seabed.Even more surprisingly，the rock was covered with stationary animals，like sponges（海绵）and potentially unknown species.
The finding has（6）　A　many scientists given that certain organisms，such as sponges and coral polyps（珊瑚虫），which live their entire lives（7）　G　 to rocks，or other hard surfaces，need food supplies.In the open water，the "marine snow，" as the food is called，comes from（8）　D　organic matter，which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean.However，the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive（9）　K　supplies of nutrients.To make matters worse，due to the area's strong ocean currents，the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them.
"This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we've seen any of these filter﹣feeding animals，" said Smith."These things are stuck on a rock and only get fed if something comes（10）　C　along."
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对于南极洲海底生物的研究发现。
【解答】（1）H.考查名词。句意：尽管在南极洲海底发现海洋动物并不罕见，研究者们总是认为远离开阔水域和阳光的生命迹象很少。根据句子中谓语动词be以及修饰语few可知，空格处应填复数名词，signs"迹象"为复数名词，此处表示生命迹象，符合句意。故选H。
（2）B.考查形容词。句意：然而，滤食生物的发现﹣﹣﹣距离开阔的海洋160英里，温度为﹣2.2℃，并且完全处于黑暗中﹣﹣﹣表明世界最恶劣的环境中的生命可能比以前想象的更有适应能力的。根据句中谓语动词be以及修饰语more可知，空格处应填形容词，adaptable"有适应能力的"为形容词，表示滤食生物远比想象的更有适应能力，符合句意。故选B。
（3）I.考查名词。句意：2017年，BAS地质学家James Smith和他的同事对南极洲的Filchner﹣Ronne Ice Shelf中部进行了为期三个月的探险，以收集海底沉积物的样本。根据句中非谓语动词to collect以及定语of the seafloor deposits，此处应填复数名词，samples"样本"为复数名词，表示沉积物的样本，符合句意。故选I。
（4）E.考查名词。句意：改变多次失败的尝试﹣﹣﹣每次往返需要一个小时﹣﹣﹣研究者们仔细观察足迹并且注意到一块巨大的石头坐在相对平坦的海底中。根据句中形容词failed以及修饰词multiple可知，此处应填复数名词，attempts"尝试"为复数名词，表示多次失败的尝试，符合句意。故选E。
（5）J.考查副词。句意：改变多次失败的尝试﹣﹣﹣每次往返需要一个小时﹣﹣﹣研究者们仔细观察足迹并且注意到一块巨大的石头坐在相对平坦的海底中。根据句中形容词flat可知，此处应填副词，relatively"相对地"为副词，在句中修饰形容词，符合句意。故选J。
（6）A.考查动词。句意：某些生物的调研结果使得许多科学家困惑，如海绵和珊瑚虫，一生都生活在岩石或其他坚硬的表面，需要食物供应。根据句中动词has可知，此处应填动词的过去分词形式与之共同构成现在完成时的谓语动词，confused"使…困惑"为动词confuse的过去分词形式，在句中表示结果使得许多科学家迷惑不解，符合句意。故选A。
（7）G.考查过去分词。句意：某些生物的调研结果使得许多科学家困惑，如海绵和珊瑚虫，一生都生活在岩石或其他坚硬的表面，需要食物供应。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据句中谓语动词live可知，此处应填非谓语动词，attached"把…附上"为动词attach的过去分词，在句中与逻辑主语间为被动关系，表示生物被附加到岩石或其他坚硬的表面，符合句意。故选G。
（8）D.考查形容词。句意：在开阔的水域，由于食物被称为"海洋雪"，来自于腐烂的有机物，从上游水域漂流到深海。根据谓语动词comes from以及专有名词organic matter可知，此处应填形容词，decaying"腐烂的"为形容词，符合句意。故选D。
（9）K.考查形容词。句意：然而，如此深的物种距离深海太远以至于不能收到稳定的营养供应。根据非谓语动词to receive以及宾语supplies可知，此处应填形容词对名词进行修饰，steady"稳定的"为形容词，表示物种太远以至于不能收到稳定的营养供应，符合句意。故选K。
（10）C.考查现在分词。句意：这些东西被困在岩石上，只有当有东西漂浮经过时，才会被喂饱。根据从句中谓语动词comes可知，此处应填非谓语动词，floating"漂浮"为动词float的现在分词，在句中与逻辑主语something之间为主动关系，符合句意。故选C。
【点评】如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
3．（15分）Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it's on apparent display，as when someone wins the lottery.But（1）　A　 often plays out in delicate ways and it's easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck.These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset，downplaying the power of chances.
Consider the history of the Mona Lisa.After having stayed in the（2）　D　 for most of its early existence，the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre.The famous theft remained（3）　B　for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting.His arrest caused a second wave of（4）　C　 with the painting on everyone's lips.As in the art world，it is so too in the world of work.Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps，each of which depends on former ones.Inevitably，some of those（5）　A　steps can be influenced by chance factors，which，as a result，are sure to affect the following process.So it is reasonable to conclude that（6）　A　all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck.
One's date of birth（7）　C　，for example.According to a study，most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class，which explains why they are less likely to hold（8）　C　positions during high school and thus.less likely to land good jobs later in life.
To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of（9）　A　.Charlie Munger has said，"The safest way to get what you want is to（10）　A　what you want."
Of course，luck counts too.Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control﹣ that is，at least we can decide how lucky our children will be.But in America，we've been doing a bad job as the budget for education has（11）　B　.The human tendency to（12）　C　luck's role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education.the strong system of which can produce（13）　B　 for the next generation.
Luckily，there is a solution.Guiding people to（14）　A　their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the（15）　D　，according to a study.So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck.In the process，the next generation's odds of success may well increase and meanwhile，all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service.

（1）A.randomness
B.potential
C.masterpiece
D.success
（2）A.emergency
B.maintenance
C.review
D.shade
（3）A.accidental
B.unsolved
C.official
D.objective
（4）A.protest
B.suspicion
C.publicity
D.investigation
（5）A.previous
B.negative
C.realistic
D.entire
（6）A.virtually
B.sustainably
C.adequately
D.negatively
（7）A.occurs
B.contracts
C.matters
D.approaches
（8）A.accessible
B.original
C.superior
D.secure
（9）A.effort
B.logic
C.relationship
D.investment
（10）A.deserve
B.evaluate
C.modify
D.exploit
（11）A.shone
B.shrunk
C.ballooned
D.flown
（12）A.preserve
B.popularize
C.underestimate
D.revolutionize
（13）A.challenge
B.luck
C.motivation
D.experience
（14）A.reflect on
B.save on
C.adjust to
D.live on
（15）A.mutual understanding
B.mental fitness
C.family value
D.common good
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了几乎所有成功的事业都有一定程度的运气的作用，构建良好的教育体系，可以让孩子有更多的好运气，得到更好的发展。
【解答】（1）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.randomness随机性；B.potential潜在性；C.masterpiece杰作；D.success成功。句意：但随机性往往以微妙的方式表现出来，很容易构建一种逻辑，将成功描绘成除了运气之外的一切。根据"Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it's on apparent display，as when someone wins the lottery."以及该空后的"often plays out in delicate ways"可知，作者认为，好运气有着像中彩票一样的随机性，这种随机性（randomness）往往以微妙的方式表现出来。故选A项。
（2）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.emergency紧急，；B.maintenance维护；C.review 审查；D.shade阴影，阴暗处。句意：在其早期存在的大部分时间里，这幅画一直在阴暗处保存，1911年从卢浮宫被盗时，它被推到了聚光灯下。结合上文及该空后"...the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre."可知，蒙娜丽莎这幅画直到1911被盗，才引起世人的瞩目，在此之前一直在阴暗处（shade）保存，与下文的spotlight形成鲜明对比。故选D项。
（3）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.accidental意外的；B.unsolved尚未解决的；C.official官方的；D.objective客观的。句意：这起著名的盗窃案持续了两年仍未解决，直到一名维修工人在试图出售这幅画后被捕。根据下文"…until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting."可知，直到一名维修工人在试图出售这幅画后被捕，推知在此之前，这起盗窃案一直尚未解决（unsolved）。故选B项。
（4）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.protest抗议；B.suspicion怀疑；C.publicity关注，宣传；D.investigation调查。句意：他的被捕引起了第二波公众关注，每个人都在谈论这幅画。根据"…with the painting on everyone's lips."可知，每个人都在谈论这幅画，可见，蒙娜丽莎这幅画因为被盗，得到了世人的关注和宣传（publicity）。故选C项。
（5）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A.previous以前；B.negative消极的；C.realistic现实的；D.entire整个的。句意：不可避免地，前面的一些步骤可能会受到偶然因素的影响，因此肯定会影响后面的过程。根据"Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps，each of which depends on former ones."可知，几乎每一条职业道路都由一系列步骤组成，每一个步骤都依赖于以前的步骤，推知此处指前面的（previous）步骤可能会影响后面的过程。故选A项。
（6）A．考查副词及语境理解。A.virtually几乎；B.sustainably可持续地；C.adequately充分地；D.negatively消极地。句意：因此，我们有理由得出这样的结论：几乎所有成功的职业都至少有一定程度的运气。根据上文"As in the art world，it is so too in the world of work.Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps，each of which depends on former ones.Inevitably，some of those （5） steps can be influenced by chance factors，which，as a result，are sure to affect the following process."可知，正如在艺术世界一样，在工作世界也是如此。几乎每一条职业道路都由一系列步骤组成，每一个步骤都依赖于以前的步骤，每个步骤都可能会受到一些偶然运气因素的影响。可推知，几乎（virtually）所有成功的职业都至少有一定程度的运气。故选A项。
（7）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.occurs 发生；B.contracts使收缩；C.matters事关紧要；D.approaches靠近。句意：例如，一个人的出生日期事关紧要。根据"for example.According to a study，most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class，which explains why they are less likely to hold （8） positions during high school and thus，less likely to land good jobs later in life."可知，下文举例说明了，夏天出生的孩子，往往在高中不太担任高级职位，在以后生活中也不太可能找到好的工作，推知，小孩的出生日期事关紧要（matters）。故选C项。
（8）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.accessible可到达的；B.original原始的；C.superior高级的；D.secure安全的。句意：根据一项研究，大多数在夏天出生的孩子往往是他们班上最年轻的成员，这就解释了为什么他们在高中时不太可能担任高级职位，因此在以后的生活中不太可能找到好工作。根据下文"less likely to land good jobs later in life"可知，根据一项研究，夏天出生的孩子在以后的生活中不太可能找到好工作，推知，他们在高中时不太可能担任高级（superior）职位。故选C项。
（9）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.effort 努力；B.logic逻辑；C.relationship 关系；D.investment投资。句意：承认偶然事件的力量并不意味着成功独立于努力。结合上文及根据下文"The safest way to get what you want is to （10） what you want."可知，得到想要的东西最安全的方法就是做到让自己值得去拥有，可推知，成功需要努力和机遇，偶然的幸运事件并不是意味着成功独立于努力（effort）。故选A项。
（10）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.deserve值得；B.evaluate评估；C.modify修改；D.exploit利用。句意：得到你想要的东西最安全的方法就是做到值得得到你想要的东西。根据上文"To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of （9） ."可知，偶然事件的力量并不意味着成功独立于努力，可推知，得到想要的东西，不仅靠幸运的机遇，也要靠自己的努力，才值得（deserve）拥有想要的东西。故选A项。
（11）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.shone 照；B.shrunk 萎缩，缩减；C.ballooned 膨胀；D.flown飞行。句意：但在美国，随着教育预算的缩减，我们的工作一直很糟糕。根据上文"But in America，we've been doing a bad job…"可知，
（12）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.preserve保护；B.popularize 推广；C.underestimat低估；D.revolutionize发动革命。句意：人类低估运气作用的倾向导致了这种令人不安的状态，原因是不愿意投资于教育，而教育的强大体系可以为下一代带来运气。根据上文"Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is，at least we can decide how lucky our children will be.But in America，we've been doing a bad job as the budget for education has （11） ."可知，出生在一个良好的教育体系中是一种我们可以控制的运气——也就是说，至少我们可以决定我们的孩子会有多幸运，然而，美国做的很糟糕，在教育方面的预算缩减，可推知，此处指人类低估（underestimate）运气作用。故选C项。
（13）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.challenge 挑战；B.luck运气；C.motivation 动机；D.experience 经验。句意：人类低估运气作用的倾向导致了这种令人不安的状态，原因是不愿意投资于教育，而强大的教育体系可以为下一代带来运气。根据"Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is，at least we can decide how lucky our children will be."可知，出生在一个良好的教育体系中是一种我们可以控制的运气，推知，强大的教育体系可以为下一代带来运气（luck）。故选B项。
（14）A．考查短语及语境理解。A.reflect on回顾；B.save on节省；C.adjust to适应；D.live on以……为食。句意：一项研究表明，引导人们回顾自己的好运往往会使他们更愿意为共同的利益做出贡献。根据下文"So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck.In the process，the next generation's odds of success may well increase…"可知，试着让你成功的朋友们回顾他们的幸运经历，在这个过程中，下一代成功的几率可能会增加。可推知，研究表明，引导人们回顾（reflect on）自己的好运往往会使他们更愿意为共同的利益做出贡献。故选A项。
（15）D．考查短语及语境理解。A.mutual understanding相互了解；B.mental fitness心理健康；C.family value家庭价值；D.common good共同利益。句意：一项研究表明，引导人们回顾自己的好运往往会使他们更愿意为共同的利益做出贡献。根据最后一句"…all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service."可知，下文提到所有社会成员都更有可能享受到改善的公共服务，可推知，此处指他们更愿意为共同的利益（common good）做出贡献。故选D项。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B， C. and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
4．（6分）A line of men tugged on ropes and dropped from the ship into the sea，with a group of Saibs prepared to pull them later from the sea bottom.Nasser，one of the drivers，climbed over the railing of the ship and his Saib emptied his basket full of shells onto the deck.
"Get me something to fill my stomach with，boy." I knew he was teasing as he is my father's good friend.
"But I'm no longer an errand boy.I'm a diver，like my father was."
"Your father was bald and deaf，like the rest of us，" Nasser laughed.
The salty Arabian Gulf produced the finest pearls in the world while the salty water also made divers lose their hair.Let alone the high pressure which cost them their hearing.I had shaved my head，in which way I felt more like a real diver.Of course，there's no need for me to worry about the hair problem.
"I′ve dived the shallow seas before，and I can hold my breath for a whole minute."
"Just pull your rope before you feel breathless." He then disappeared into the water again.
I tied a heavy stone to my foot with a rope.Taking one more deep breath，I plugged my nose and jumped.With the stone finally hitting the seabed with a thump，I freed my foot from the rope.I scratched at the rocky ridge（脊），when three oysters dropped into my hands.I even didn't have enough time to feel surprised at how easy the job was before I felt breathless.
Out of horror，I dragged the rope.Knowing that，far above，the Saib's strong arms strained to pull me toward the surface，I reminded myself to endure for a little more time.Just when I thought my lungs would burst，my ears popped and there was light.
Nasser burst through the water.He removed his nose plug and grinned at me looking at the three pitiful shells on the deck. "Not bad for an errand boy." Seeing me upset with my head down，he patted me "It's your first for such a depth.You did better than all of us." Cheering up，I wrapped the empty basket around my neck and raised my chin，"I'm a pearl diver."

（1）According to Nasser，what did an errand boy usually do？ 　C　
A.Pull divers from the sea.
B.Empty baskets for divers.
C.Serve snacks for divers.
D.Dive for shells.
（2）Why did the author have his hair cut？ 　D　
A.Because he tried to avoid losing hair.
B.Because all divers had shaved hair.
C.Because high pressure made him bald.
D.Because he wanted to look professional.
（3）Why did the author get little harvest？ 　B　
A.Because there were not many pearls in the area.
B.Because he still lacked experience in the job.
C.Because the Saib pulled him up too early without permission.
D.Because the rocky ridge was too rough.
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者潜入海里，去采集珍珠的一次经历。
【解答】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段"Get me something to fill my stomach with，boy."（"孩子，给我拿点东西填饱肚子。"）及第三段的"But I'm no longer an errand boy.I'm a diver，like my father was."（"但我不再是跑腿的了。我是潜水员，就像我父亲一样。"）可知，跑腿的通常为潜水员提供零食。故选C。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第五段的I had shaved my head，in which way I felt more like a real diver.（我剃了光头，这样我感觉更像一个真正的潜水员。）可知，作者剪了头发是因为他想让自己看起来很专业。故选D。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的"I even didn't have enough time to feel surprised at how easy the job was before I felt breathless.（我甚至还没来得及对这项工作的轻松程度感到惊讶，就感到喘不过气来。）和最后一段的It's your first for such a depth.You did better than all of us.（这是你第一次潜这么深。你比我们所有人都做得好。）可知，作者第一次潜那么深，所以是缺乏经验，因此才收获少，故选B。
【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断。
5．（8分）These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer for holiday seekers.
Oyster Festival
There's an old saying that it's only safe to eat oysters in months ending in 'R' ，which was good advice in the age before refrigeration became a fashion.And that's exactly why originally the New Orleans Oyster Festival was held in June，to break up the myth as locals never bothered to preserve the creatures with their habit of directly eating the seafood，fresh from the sea.Today，featuring oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico，Oyster Fest is a celebration of the world's favorite food.If you've ever wanted to enjoy the legendary oysters at Drago's where the recipe originated or take a bite out of an oyster the size of a hamburger，Oyster Fest is for you.
When to Go：June 3﹣4
Essence Festival
New Orleans holds a special place in African﹣American life and history，so it should be no surprise the city hosts a festival celebrating African﹣American music and culture in the United States.With free admission，Essence Festival，organized by the African﹣American women's magazine of the same name，is a combination of four days of dynamic speeches and a showcase of African﹣American artists.
When to Go：June 29﹣July 2
Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival
Southern Louisiana is home to a variety of rich，unique cultures，and on a weekend in June in New Orleans，one of them﹣ Cajun﹣ is on full display.The heart of Cajun country is in south﹣central Louisiana，a strong showcase of Cajun culture，for which the Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival emerged.On the particular weekend，you get ready to chew down on traditional food like Cajun gumbo at eateries，buy Cajun crafts，and purchase a Cajun T﹣shirt.
When to Go：June 24﹣25
Running of the Bulls
Due to its history，the Spanish influence still shows itself in New Orleans.The architectural style of the French Quarter is actually from Spain，and New Orleans's annual Running of the Bulls is，in part，a nod to the city's Spanish heritage.Unlike the Spanish festival in Pamplona，the "bulls" in the Fest are not actual bulls but the women of the Big Roller derby team.However they do chase down white﹣ and red﹣clothed festival﹣goers，if infuriated.Therefore behave yourself or be prepared to run for life.
When to Go：July7﹣9

（1）Why was New Orleans Oyster Festival held in June in the first place？ 　A　
A.Because refrigerator could be used to store oysters.
B.Because it was not easy for oysters to go bad in summer.
C.Because oysters could be cooked in various ways to extend storage period.
D.Because New Orleans oysters were usually served raw.
（2）The underlined word "infuriated" is closest in meaning to 　C　.
A.exhibited
B.color﹣blinded
C.angered
D.cheated
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ 　C　
A.Oyster Festival nowadays is designed for people seeking the history of oyster harvest.
B.Essence Festival celebrates the freedom of African﹣American women.
C.Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival is mainly celebrated through dining and shopping.
D.New Orleans has been stripped of Spanish influence.
（4）In which magazine does the passage most probably appear？ 　A　
A.Vacation Guide.
B.Genuine Recipe.
C.Architecture Vision.
D.Music Billboard.
【分析】本文介绍的是新奥尔良的四个夏季节日。
【解答】（1）A.推理判断题。根据Oyster Festival"牡蛎节"部分的 There's an old saying that it's only safe to eat oysters in months ending in 'R' ，which was good advice in the age before refrigeration became a fashion.And that's exactly why originally the New Orleans Oyster Festival was held in June，to break up the myth as locals never bothered to preserve the creatures with their habit of directly eating the seafood，fresh from the sea.有句老话说，只有在以"R"结尾的几个月内吃牡蛎才安全，这在冷藏成为时尚之前的时代是一个很好的建议。这就是为什么新奥尔良牡蛎节最初是在6月份举行的，目的是打破这个神话，因为当地人从不费心保护这种动物，因为他们习惯于直接食用来自海洋的新鲜海鲜。可知，新奥尔良牡蛎节最初会在6月举行，因为冰箱可以用来储存牡蛎，故选A。
（2）C.词义猜测题。根据Running of the Bulls"奔牛节"部分的However they do chase down white﹣ and red﹣clothed festival﹣goers.然而，如果愤怒的话，他们会追捕穿白衣服和红衣服的过节者。及Therefore behave yourself or be prepared to run for life.因此，管好你自己，否则就准备逃命吧。可知，节日参与者要注意自己的言行，不要激怒公牛，因此划线词"infuriated"的意思是"激怒"。结合选项：A.exhibited"展览的"；B.color﹣blinded"色盲的"；C.angered"愤怒的"；D.cheated"欺骗的"。故选C。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据Cajun﹣Zydeco Festival"卡津季德科节"部分的On the particular weekend，you get ready to chew down on traditional food like Cajun gumbo at eateries，buy Cajun crafts，and purchase a Cajun T﹣shirt.在这个特殊的周末，你可以在餐馆里尽情品尝传统食物，比如卡津秋葵汤，买卡津工艺品，买一件卡津T恤。可知，卡津﹣﹣季德科节主要通过就餐和购物来庆祝。故选C。
（4）A.文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer for holiday seekers.新奥尔良的这些夏季节日很少是该市为度假者提供的最热门的活动之一。可知，本文主要介绍的是新奥尔良的夏季节日，因此这篇文章最有可能出现在度假指南里。故选A。
【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
6．（8分）You may be familiar with the statistic that 90% of the world's data were created in the last few years.The biggest setback with such a rate of information increase is that the present moment will always emerge far larger than the past.Short﹣sightedness is built into the structure，in the form of an overwhelming tendency to over﹣estimate near﹣term messages at the expense of history.
To understand why this matters，consider the findings from social science about 'recency bias（倾向）'，which describes the tendency to assume that future events will closely resemble recent experience.People tend to base thinking disproportionately on whatever comes most easily to mind.
It's also worth remembering that novelty tends to be a dominant consideration when deciding what data to keep or delete.Out with the old and in with the new.That's the digital trend in a world where search algorithms（算法）are systematically biased towards freshness.They are designed in line with human preference.Such a bias towards the present is structurally rooted in the human weakness that we keep deserting things we once cherished simply because we grow tired of them.
What's really needed is something thought of as "intelligent forgetting"：learning to let go of the immediate past in order to keep its larger continuities in view.It's an act similar to organising a photograph album﹣ although with more maths.When are two million photographs less valuable than two thousand？
Many data sets are irreducible and most precious when complete：gene sequences；demographic（人口的）data；the raw，hard knowledge of geography and physics.The softer the science，however，the more that scale is likely to be reversely connected with quality.In these cases，time itself is rather important as a touch stone to judge the value of data.Either we choose carefully what endures，matters and meaningfully captures our past﹣ or its foot print is silently replaced by the present's growing noise.Mere gathering is no cure﹣all answer.In an era of bigger and bigger data，the leading warning for those who have to make decisions is that what you choose not to know matters just as much as what you do.

（1）What is the major problem with the explosion of recent information？ 　C　
A Trends are too quickly produced.
B.People have poor eyesight after viewing too much information.
C.Present information is given too much emphasis.
D.Prediction for future development largely depends on the past information.
（2）What causes widespread preference for newness？ 　B　
A.That algorithms requires the latest to make accurate prediction.
B.That humans are accustomed to losing interest in old things.
C.That short renewed period is the feature of modern data.
D.That search algorithms keep uncovering the value of the newness.
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ 　D　
A.Recent past experience is rarely used to provide reference for future events.
B.The quality of geographic knowledge depends on photo sorting rather than full data.
C.Intelligent forgetting refers to replacing the immediate past with far﹣back data.
D.Time helps us to evaluate data when the quality isn't in line with quality.
（4）What is the passage mainly about？ 　D　
A.The side effect of digital innovation.
B.The values of complete data in softer subjects.
C.The data discrimination caused by algorithms.
D.The faulty preference for fresh data and ways out.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们以牺牲历史为代价，过高估计近期信息，形成对新数据错误的偏好。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段的"The biggest setback with such a rate of information increase is that the present moment will always emerge far larger than the past.Short﹣sightedness is built into the structure，in the form of an overwhelming tendency to over﹣estimate near﹣term messages at the expense of history.（这样的信息增长速度带来的最大挫折是，现在的时刻总是比过去的时刻出现得更大。短视在这个结构中根深蒂固，表现为一种压倒性的倾向，即以牺牲历史为代价，过高估计近期信息。）"可知，最近信息爆炸的主要问题是现在的信息被过分强调了。故选C。
（2）B.推理判断题。根据第三段的"Such a bias towards the present is structurally rooted in the human weakness that we keep deserting things we once cherished simply because we grow tired of them.（这种对现在的偏见从结构上根植于人类的弱点，即我们不断抛弃我们曾经珍惜的东西，仅仅因为我们对它们感到厌倦。 ）"可知，导致人们对新事物的普遍偏好的是人类已经习惯了对旧事物失去兴趣。故选B。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"The softer the science，however，the more that scale is likely to be reversely connected with quality.In these cases，time itself is rather important as a touch stone to judge the value of data.（然而，科学越软，这个尺度就越有可能与质量反向联系。在这些情况下，时间本身就非常重要，可以作为判断数据价值的试 金石。）"可知，当数据质量与质量不符时，时间可以帮助我们评估数据，即Time helps us to evaluate data when the quality isn't in line with quality，故选D。
（4）D.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段"Short﹣sightedness is built into the structure，in the form of an overwhelming tendency to over﹣estimate near﹣term messages at the expense of history.（短视在这个结构中根深蒂固，表现为一种压倒性的倾向，即以牺牲历史为代价，过高估计近期信息。"尤其是第二段的"To understand why this matters，consider the findings from social science about ‘recency bias （倾向）'，which describes the tendency to assume that future events will closely resemble recent experience.People tend to base thinking disproportionately on whatever comes most easily to mind.（要理解为什么这很重要，考虑一下社会科学关于"近因偏见"的发现，它描述了一种倾向，即假设未来的事件与最近的经历非常相似。人们倾向于不成比例地根据最容易想到的东西来思考。）"可知，本文主要讲的是人们对新数据的错误偏好。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
7．（8分）
A.And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.
B.Thought regarded as a form of simple act，tea making can vary between cultures.
C.The tea is，above all，credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.
D.Food choices are driven by one's environment﹣the context.
E.Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.
F.Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.
Tea has become rooted in the British way of life，from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed﹣﹣in a jacket and tie，of course.（1）　A　Boiling water to make tea，for instance，makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.
But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage？Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit
makes a cup.
She observes that the strongest brews of black tea﹣ with the largest doses of flavour factors ﹣are typically drunk by the working class.The flavor gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder.
Milk and sweetener have their own codes.According to her，taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower﹣class indicator.（2）　F　Other implications involve when and how milk is added，if any.Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong （正山小种红茶）with no sugar of milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class，Fox suggests.It's as far as possible as one can get from sweet，strong，milky cups of no﹣nonsense 'builder's tea'.
A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here."（3）　D　"You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it，thought obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything.A food or drink's real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it﹣ the culture of it.
Fox also observes that，alongside its chemical properties，tea is a social space﹣filler.Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events.（4）　E　 Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation，they cook tea.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了开水泡茶可以降低患胃病的可能性、每当英国人沏茶时，都会传递出几个明确的信息以及茶是一个社交空间填充。许多无意义的时刻可以被茶和相关的活动所占据。
【解答】（1）A.推理判断题。根据后句"Boiling water to make tea，for instance，makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug."（例如，开水泡茶可以降低你患胃病的可能性。）A项：And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.（人们可以想出很多理论来解释为什么现在的泡茶和饮茶习惯是不可避免的。）后句承接上句，说明泡茶和饮茶可以降低患胃病的可能性，泡茶和饮茶是不可避免的。故选A。
（2）F.推理判断题。根据上句"According to her，taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower﹣class indicator. "（根据她的说法，在英国，在茶里放糖被很多人认为是下层阶级的标志。）F项：Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.（即使是一勺也有点可疑，除非其他细节清楚地表明并非如此。）承接上句，"even"（甚至）承接上句并做进一步说明；"one spoonful"此处指代上句one spoonful "sugar "话题一致。故选F。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据后句" A food or drink's real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it— the culture of it."（一种食物或饮料在你的生活中真正重要可能是因为它的周围的一切，它的文化）D项：Food choices are driven by one's environment﹣the context.（人们对食物的选择取决于所处的环境﹣﹣环境。）和后句"food"原词重现。故选D。
（4）E.细节理解题。根据上句"Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events."（许多无意义的时刻可以被茶和相关的活动所占据。）所以E项：Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.（泡茶是完美的替代活动。）符合语境。上句的"tea and its related events."（被茶和相关的活动）指代E项中的"tea making"（泡茶）；E项承接上句，过渡自然。故选E。
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
8．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
You still need a better reason to plant a tree？
Police aren't cheap and neither are lawyers，judges，and all the other layers that make up the justice system.But trees and some grass，in comparison，are a real bargain，and they prove to be effective in fighting crimes.
Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorb rainwater.After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas，Michelle Kondo，a social scientist found that a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary，and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent，a stunning 18 percent fall.Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas﹣for planting and maintenance﹣was enough to scare away potential criminals.
Kondo's study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas.It's tempting to use income as the connection.After all，if you have the crime and money to water your lawn，you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime.But actually，people are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cleaned. "You will see less kids hanging on the corners，" Kondo said.He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill﹣intentioned guys，by announcing to would﹣be criminals that there are "eyes on the street" that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime.
We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution.Now we can add crime﹣fighting to the list of vegetation's many benefits.Therefore，are you ready to plant a tree？
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物看起来很美，可以帮助改善心情和健康，同时减少污染；同时绿色植物还暗示了当地人的谨慎，这有助于吓跑心怀不端的家伙，进而打击犯罪；因此，鼓励大家多种树。
高分句型一：It can't only make our community beautiful，but also can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution.
译文：它不仅能让我们的社区变得美丽，还能帮助改善心情和健康，同时减少污染。
分析：这句话使用not only...but also...意为"不但...而且..."。
高分句型二：More importantly，trees and some grass play an active role in lighting crimes because the organized greenery helped to scare away bad guys with bad intentions.
译文：更重要的是，树木和一些草在点燃犯罪中起着积极的作用，因为有组织的绿色植物有助于吓跑恶意的坏人。
分析：这句话使用because引导原因状语从句。
【解答】Vegetation's has many benefits.（植被有很多好处）It can't only make our community beautiful，but also can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution.【高分句型一】（它不仅能让我们的社区变得美丽，还能帮助改善心情和健康，同时减少污染）More importantly，trees and some grass play an active role in lighting crimes because the organized greenery helped to scare away bad guys with bad intentions.【高分句型二】（更重要的是，树木和一些草在点燃犯罪中起着积极的作用，因为有组织的绿色植物有助于吓跑恶意的坏人。）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
9．（3分）为防止病人走错，墙上贴上了箭头。（so that） 　Arrows were pasted on the wall so that patients could be prevented from going the wrong way.　
【分析】为防止病人走错，墙上贴上了箭头。
【解答】本句是一个主从复合句。句子陈述的是过去的事情，故用过去时。主句是"墙上贴上了箭头"，译为Arrows were pasted on the wall，主语是动作的承受者，故用被动语态；so that引导目的状语从句时，意为"以便，为了"，从句谓语通常带should/will/would/ may/ might/can/ could等情态动词，故从句"为防止病人走错"译为so that patients could be prevented from going the wrong way。句子译为Arrows were pasted on the wall so that patients could be prevented from going the wrong way。
故填：Arrows were pasted on the wall so that patients could be prevented from going the wrong way.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
10．（3分）一条蜿蜒的步道穿过森林，成为该地区的特色景观。 （which） 　A winding footpath goes through the forest，which has become the characteristic landscape of the area.　
【分析】一条蜿蜒的步道穿过森林，成为该地区的特色景观。
【解答】"一条蜿蜒的步道"a winding footpath，"穿过"goes through，"森林"the forest，"成为该地区的特色景观"对前面内容作补充说明，应用非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面句子且在从句中作主语，应用which引导，"该地区的特色景观"the characteristic landscape of the area。
故填：A winding footpath goes through the forest，which has become the characteristic landscape of the area.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
11．（4分）合格的管理者，不必事事亲力亲为，而应善于使每个员工发挥所长。（good） 　A qualified manager does not have to be directly involved in everything，but he should be good at bringing out the best of every employee.　
【分析】合格的管理者，不必事事亲力亲为，而应善于使每个员工发挥所长。
【解答】"合格的管理者"a qualified manager，"不必"does not have to，"事事亲力亲为"be directly involved in everything，""而是but，"善于"be good at，介词at后面用动词的ing形式，"使每个员工发挥所长"bringing out the best of every employee。
故填：A qualified manager does not have to be directly involved in everything，but he should be good at bringing out the best of every employee.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
12．（5分）与普通的观点相反，牛奶作为助眠剂的作用与其所含营养成分无关，而是与这一睡前习惯所产生的心理暗示有关。（contrary） 　Contrary to the common view，the role of milk as a sleeping aid is related to not the nutrients it contains，but the psychological hint the bedtime habit produces.　
【分析】与普通的观点相反，牛奶作为助眠剂的作用与其所含营养成分无关，而是与这一睡前习惯所产生的心理暗示有关。
【解答】"与普通的观点相反"contrary to the common view， "牛奶作为助眠剂的作用"the role of milk as a sleeping aid，"与…有关"be related to，"不是…而是…"not...but...，"所含营养成分"the nutrients it contains，"心理暗示"the psychological hint，"睡前习惯所产生的"作定语修饰hint，应用省略关系代词的定语从句the bedtime habit produces。
故填：Contrary to the common view，the role of milk as a sleeping aid is related to not the nutrients it contains，but the psychological hint the bedtime habit produces.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
13．（25分）Direction：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instruction given below in Chinese.
你是高三学生李华，你所属的学校创意社团目前正在开展一项模拟推广活动：向社区年轻人推广以下三个备选项目：
1.推广一个国货运动鞋品牌（a Chinese brand of sports shoes）；
2.推广一个社区夜市（a community night market）；
3.推广一个运动计步app（a step count app）。
请向社团委员会（society board）写一封信，提交你的想法。信中必须包括：
1.你选择推广的项目。
2.你选择该项目的理由。
3.你的推广方案。
（信中不得出现考生姓名、学校等真实信息）
【分析】高分句型一：For another，It is useful in helping us achieve our sports goals，which can increase the fun of sports.
译文：另一方面，它有助于我们实现我们的体育目标，这可以增加运动的乐趣。
分析：这句话使用which引导非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：We should teach young people how to use step﹣counting apps，so that more young people can use the app.
译文：我们应该教年轻人如何使用步数应用程序，让更多年轻人可以使用该应用程序。
分析：这句话使用so that引导结果状语从句。
【解答】Dear society board，
As we all know，The school's creative club is currently running a mock promotion for the young in the region.At present，there are three alternatives：a Chinese brand of sports shoes，a community night market and a step count app.（你选择推广的项目）
I am in favor of promoting a steo app.For one thing，It is convenient for us to keep track of how many steps we take each day，and it is good for keeping us healthy.For another，It is useful in helping us achieve our sports goals，which can increase the fun of sports.【高分句型一】（你选择推广项目的理由）
We should teach young people how to use step﹣counting apps，so that more young people can use the app.【高分句型二】Of course，the most important thing is to encourage young people to walk more and make full use of the step count apps.（你的推广方案）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2022/8/4 19:37:06；用户：李超；邮箱：lichao317807156@126.com；学号：19716718