2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：专题12 短文改错议论、应用类专练

2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：

专题十二《短文改错议论、应用类专练》

（90分钟 100分）

考点01：冠词   3颗星

考点02：代词 3颗星

考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星

考点04: 名词 3颗星

考点05：主谓一致 5颗星

考点06：形容词和副词   5颗星

考点07  情态动词和虚拟语气 3颗星

考点08：非谓语动词  5颗星

考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星

考点10：定语从句   3颗星

考点11  名词性从句   3颗星

考点12  并列连词    4颗星

考点13  状语从句  3颗星

考点14  特殊句式     2颗星

考点29 短文改错议论文专练  5颗星

考点30 短文改错应用文专练  5颗星

I、短文改错（每题1分，共40分）

一、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Bob,

 I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return The Beatles CD to you when I left Canada. I was in such hurry that I packed everything in my luggages without checking carefully. If I have paid more attention then, I wouldn't have made such stupid a mistake. Now everything must be done to solve the problem because I understand you cherish the CD enormous. I can either send it to you by express mail or alternatively compensate you in a reasonable price. If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time when I go to Canada. Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience. F​elt extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincerely apology.

二、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Ms. Chen,

I am writing to apply to the position as a student volunteer. I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because of, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability and my confidence in speak English in public.

As the outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Beside, I have such a good command of English that I was an assistant to my English teacher now. Successful, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, that has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.

I am sure that you can perfectly live up to your expectations. I would appreciate if you could take me into consideration.

Yours truly

Lihua

三、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear classmates,

It is a pleasure for I to have a chance to make a short speech today. Recently, I had found that some of our classmates study late into the night and do not take some time to take a rest during the day either. They often cannot help fall asleep in class. And some classmates seldom have breakfast, that is also a bad habit and will surely do harm to our health.

In my opinion, it is extreme important for us to have enough sleep and a proper diet. We must learn to make a wise use of our time, and only in this way can we keep fit or study well. I wonder if you agree me.

Thank you for listening.

四、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改: 在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均只限一词;

​2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

These days, breaking traffic rules and littering were not uncommon, causing serious harms to life and the environment. That requires lots of effort to change this situation on the part of everyone. As for me, I should start from little things and it won’t be long since I acquire good habits. If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right but never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I’ll never forget use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and health. Not only will I keep myself on littering and spitting, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever be possible. I hope my behavior will make the difference.

II、语法填空（每题1.5分，共60分）

一、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(最多三个)。

Renowned Chinese respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan attended a news reference in Guangzhou on Thursday,①________theme was about epidemic prevention and control.

“The first case of novel coronavirus pneumonia was reported in China, but ②________ (it)source may not be in the country. The novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic will ③________ (basic)be brought under control on the Chinese mainland by the end of April. Other countries may be inspired by China’s experience in ④________(handle) the epidemic .”said Zhong.

“In addition to early ⑤________(discover),detection and isolation, it is strongly suggested that large cities ⑥________(build) designed hospitals to focus ⑦________treating novel coronavirus pneumonia patients .” he said.

Zhong Nanshan also mentioned that Japan and south Korea, where a large range of ⑧________ (case)have been reported recently, had supported China when we were in need of assistance. Now it’s time for us ⑨________(help)them.

He said the key to tackling the epidemic now is not whether it will be re-infected ⑩________ whether it will be transmitted to others.

二、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

As we all know, there are some differences between American English and British English. How did these differences take place? There is no quick answer ①__________this question. Actually at first the language in Britain and America was the same. After America became an independent country, the language ②__________(gradual) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. Over the centuries, a number of words and meanings ③__________are still in everyday use in the United States ④__________(disappear) in British English. For example, Americans still use the ⑤__________ (express) “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago.

In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. ⑥__________(make) American English different from British English, he changed the spelling of many words. That's why the words colour, centre and traveller ⑦__________ (spell) color, center and traveler in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, ⑧__________(write) English is nearly the same in both British English and American English.

The differences are much ⑨__________(great) in the spoken language. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have difficulty in ⑩__________(understand) each other.

三、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Dogs are ① very popular pet. Most of them just live with their families. But some dogs have very special jobs ②(do). A group of dogs ③(know)as “Therapy Dogs”. These dogs are family pets with special training, ④allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people ⑤need. The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet. Loud noises and unfamiliar places don’t frighten them. They enjoy spending time with people.

    Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes. When the dogs visit the patients, the patients are cheered up. They have fun ⑥ (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits. The dogs help to brighten their day. Therapy dogs can improve people's health as well. Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood ⑦(press) and heart rates go down. They are calmer and ⑧(they) mood improves.

    Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries. They serve as warm and caring ⑨ (friend) to children, but they also do  ⑩(much). In one town in California, therapy dogs have become children's reading buddies. The dogs make a great audience. The children look forward to reading to the dogs, and the dogs love the attention.

四、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Chrysanthemum (菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC. The flower①___________  (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty. It usually begins to bloom (开花) in the 9th lunar month, lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day. That’s why the month is also referred to②___________  “the month of chrysanthemum”.

    The flower has been favored by③___________  (poet) through the ages, because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Du Fu, a great Tang Dynasty poet, wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.

    Chinese people④___________  (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before. Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after ⑤___________ day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty. People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows⑥___________  (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good ones,⑦___________ was an alteration (改变) of the custom of ⑧___________  (wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads. At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and ⑨___________  (happy) for them. The displays are often⑩___________ (live) with a sea of visitors.

答案以及解析

一、答案：

Dear Bob,

I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return The Beatles CD to you when I left Canada. I was in such hurry that I packed everything in my without checking carefully. If I paid more attention then, I wouldn't have made stupid a mistake. Now must be done to solve the problem because I understand you cherish the CD . I can either send it to you by express mail or alternatively compensate you a reasonable price. If you do not mind, I may bring it back to you next time when I go to Canada. Please let me know which solution you prefer at your earliest convenience. extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my apology.

解析： 1．添加a，考查固定搭配，in a hurry匆忙地．
2．luggages改为luggage，考查名词的数，luggage为不可数名词，无复数．
3．have 改成had，考查虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，if条件句用过去完成时态．
4．such 改成so，考查词义辨析，so后跟形容词、副词，such后跟名词．
5．everything改成something，考查句意，表示某些事情必须被做，而不是一切事情，所以用something．
6．enormous改为enormously，考查副词，修饰动词，所以用副词．
7．in改成at，考查介词，表示"以…的价格"，所以用介词at．
8．去掉when，考查连词，名词next time当作连词用，when多余．
9．Felt改为Feeling，考查现在分词，句子主语和feel之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做状语．
10．sincerely改为sincere，考查形容词，作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词．

二、答案：

Dear Ms. Chen,

I am writing to apply the position as a student volunteer. I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because of, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability and my confidence in English in public.

As outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. , I have such a good command of English that I an assistant to my English teacher now. , I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.

I am sure that can perfectly live up to your expectations. I would appreciate if you could take me into consideration.

Yours truly

Lihua

解析：

1. to 改为for  (解析)apply for 为固定搭配,意为申请

2. 删除of  (解析)  because引导原因状语从句

3. speak改为speaking (解析)介词in后面加动名词

4.the 改为an (解析) 根据上下文可知作者在自我介绍,作为一名外向的女孩,泛指,outgoing以元音音素开头,不定代词用an    

5. Beside改为Besides(解析) 此处应用副词除此之外 besides,而beside为介词在、、、旁边

6. was 改为am (解析)根据全文时态和now可知用一般现在时

7. Successful 改为Successfully (解析)此处应用副词修饰整个句子

8. that 改为which (解析)非限制性定语从句,修饰上文提到的整句话内容用which     

9. you 改为I (解析)根据语境作者在说:“我不能辜负对方的期待”           

10. appreciate 后加it (解析)固定句型         

三、答案：

Dear classmates,

It is a pleasure for to have a chance to make a short speech today. Recently, I found that of our classmates study late into the night and do not take some time to take a rest during the day either. They often cannot help asleep in class. And some classmates seldom have breakfast, is also a bad habit and will surely do harm to health.

In my opinion, it is important for us to have enough sleep and a proper diet. We must learn to make a wise use of our time, and only in this way can we keep fit study well. I wonder if you agree me.

Thank you for listening.

解析： 1．I改为me 考查代词．for是介词，后接宾格代词me．
2．had改为have 考查动词时态．根据时间状语recently，要用现在完成时态．
3．some改为any 考查形容词．some用于肯定句，any用于否定句，此处是否定句，用any．
4．fall改为falling 考查动名词．cannot help doing sth．意为"不得不做某事"，是固定搭配．
5．that改为which 考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which．that不用于非限制性定语从句中．
6．our改为their 考查代词．their指代前文中的some classmates．
7．extreme改为extremely 考查副词．important是形容词，要用副词修饰．
8．去掉a 考查固定搭配．make use of意为"利用"，是固定搭配，use前可加形容词修饰．
9．or改为and 考查连词．keep fit和study well是并列谓语，用连词and连接．
10．加with 考查介词．agree with意为"与某人〔观点〕一致，同意〔赞同〕某人的意见"，是固定搭配．

四、答案：

These days, breaking traffic rules and littering not uncommon, causing serious to life and the environment. requires lots of effort to change this situation on the part of everyone. As for me, I should start from little things and it won’t be long I acquire good habits. If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right never cross a road until the traffic light turns green. If I walk, I’ll never forget use the pedestrian crossing. Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and . Not only will I keep myself littering and spitting, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever be possible. I hope my behavior will make difference.

解析：1. were改为are，考查时态，these days为时间状语，所以用一般现在时态．
2. harms改为harm，考查名词的数，harm为不可数名词，无复数．
3. That改为It，考查it的用法，不定式做主语，所以用it作形式主语．
4. since改为before，考查连词，根据固定搭配，it won't be long before…"不久…"，所以用before引导时间状语从句．
5. but改为and，考查连词，根据句意"如果我骑自行车，我会一直靠右行驶，在红绿灯前决不过马路"，可知前后是并列关系，所以用and连接．
6. use前面加to，考查不定式，forget to do sth忘了去做某事．
7. health改为healthy，考查形容词，作宾补，所以用形容词．
8. on改为from，考查固定搭配，keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事．
9.去掉be，考查省略，whenever it is possible省略为whenever possible．
10. the改为a，考查固定搭配，make a difference有影响．

II、一、答案：
1. whose
2. its
3. basically
4. handling
5. discovery
6. (should )build
7. on
8. cases
9. to help
10. but
解析：【文章大意】在星期四的广州新闻发布会上,中国著名呼吸科专家钟南山分析了新冠病毒的来源、疫情得到控制的时间以及防治方法。

1【答案】whose 

【解析】星期四,中国著名呼吸科专家钟南山在广州参加了一个新闻发布会,它的主题是关于流行病防控。考查定语从句,先行词a news conference(一个新闻发布会)在从句中作theme(主题)的定语,用关系代词whose引导。

2 【答案】its

【解析】新冠肺炎的第一个病例报告出现在中国,但是它的来源不一定在这个国家。source 名词来源。本题考查形容词性物主代词修饰名词:its source 它的来源。故填its。

3【答案】basically

【解析】新冠肺炎流行基本上在四月底在中国大陆将会得到控制。be brought under control 被控制。本题考查副词修饰谓语动词在句中做状语,故填basically。

4【答案】handling

【解析】其他的国家可能会受到中国控制流行病的经验的激励。in为介词,后接动名词短语做宾语,故填handling。

5【答案】discovery

【解析】除了早发现,早检测,早隔离之外,强烈建议大城市修建医院,重点关注治疗新冠肺炎患者。in addition to 除了……。to是介词,所以后接名词或动名词,根据空后的名词,可知本空为名词,和后面的内容并列。故填discovery。

6【答案】(should) build

【解析】除了早发现,早检测,早隔离之外,强烈建议大城市修建医院,重点关注治疗新冠肺炎患者。suggest 及物动词建议。suggest后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语结构为“(should)+动词原形”。故填(should) build。

7【答案】on

【解析】除了早发现,早检测,早隔离之外,强烈建议大城市修建医院,重点关注治疗新冠肺炎患者。focus on doing sth 集中精力于某事。故填on。

8【答案】cases

【解析】钟南山还提到,最近报告有大量确诊病例存在的日本和韩国曾在中国需要帮助的时候伸出援助之手。a large range of +可数名词复数大量的……。故填cases。

9【答案】to help

【解析】我们帮助他们的时候到了。It is time for sb to do sth. 某人做某事的时间到了。故填to help。

10【答案】but

【解析】他说现在解决流行病的关键不是它是否会被再次感染,而是它是否会传染给他人。not…but… 不是……而是……。故填but。

二、答案：to; gradually; that/which; have disappeared; expression; To make; are spelt; written; greater; understanding

解析：

1.句意:有没有快速的回答这个问题的答案。根据动词短语the answer to the question表示这个问题的答案。故填to。

2.句意:美国独立之后,语言逐渐开始发生变化。此处需用副词作状语,gradually逐渐地,故填gradually。

3.句意:在过去的几个世纪里,大量的词汇和意义仍然在美国日常使用,在英国英语中已经消失。根据题意可知考查定于从句的关系词,故填that/which。

4.句意:在过去的几个世纪里,大量的词汇和意义仍然在美国日常使用,在英国英语中已经消失。根据题意可知用现在完成时have done的结构。故填have disappeared。 

5.句意:例如,美国英语还是用 “我猜”(意为“我想”)表达。此处需用express的名词形式,故填expression.

6.句意:为了使美国英语不同于英国英语,他改变了许多单词的拼写。此处需用不定式作目的状语,故填To make。

7.句意:这是为什么这些单词colour, centre and travelle在美式英语中被拼写成color, center and traveler。本题考查被动语态,故填are spelt。 8.句意:英国英语和美国英语的书面英语几乎是相同的。written English书面用语,固定短语.。故填written。

9句意:在口语语言中差异大的多。根据题意可知此处需填形容词的比较级。故填greater。

10.句意:大多数时候,来自这两个国家的人们不难了解对方。根据短语have difficulty in doing表示在做某事上有困难。故填understanding。

三、a ; to do ; are known ; which; in ; petting ; pressure; their; friends ; more1.

1.a 根据本句中的“very popular pet”可知,此处应用不定冠词,表示泛指。

2.to do 本句中应用不定式作后置定语,have sth. to do表示“要做某事”。

3.are known 分析句子结构可知,本句中缺少谓语动词,“a group of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数,dogs与know是动宾关系,此处描述的是一般情况,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。

4.which 这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为“special training”。

5.in 由句意可知,这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时,在危难之中”,为固定搭配。

6.petting have fun (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”。

7.pressure 分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词,blood pressure表示“血压”。

8.their 修饰名词mood要用形容词性物主代词,故用their。

9.friends 根据句子的主语They可知,此处用名词复数。

10.more 句中的but暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友,它们会做得更多。

四、答案：1. was introduced 2. as3. poets 4. were 5. the 6. to get7. which8. wearing9. happiness 10. lively
解析：

文章介绍了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。

1. was introduced【解题思路】考查时态和语态。主语The flower和 introduce是被动关系,故用被动语态;根据时间状语"during the Tang Dynasty"可知,应用一般过去时,故填was introduced。

2. as【解题思路】考査介词。这就是九月被叫作"菊花月"的原因, 空处表示"作为”,故填as。

3. poets【解题思路】考査名词复数。此处泛指古往今来的诗人们, 应用复数形式。

4. were【解题思路】考査时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语long before可知此处用一般过去时,因主语Chinese people表示复数,故填were。

5. the【解题思路】考查冠词。此处是特指在重阳节之后,故填the。

6. to get【解题思路】考查动词不定式。此处是用不定式表目的,指人们把菊花插在门窗上是为了摆脱厄运并带来好运,故填to get。

7. which【解题思路】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句子,故填which。

8. wearing【解题思路】考査非谓语动词。句中介词of后用动词-ing形式作宾语,故填wearing。

9. happiness【解题思路】考査名词。空处与and前的名词health并列,故也要用名词,指健康和幸福,故填happiness。

10.lively【解题思路】考查形容词。此处是形容词作表语,指这些展览有大量的游客,气氛热闹,故填lively。